Analysis Results Block Stresses.The worst stressesare at thetop of.

the block where the

operatingscrew._,at _ compressionwhile thebottom face seesmaximum tensionbecauseof bendingin
twodirections. The stresscontour(Figure 1l) showsrome concentrationaroundthelocationof
theoperatingscrew, butin general,the stresspatternis smoothandconcentric. Strecqconcentratiorm
developedaroundthehole (Figure 12)with or withoutoperatingloads. This part of theblock is
reinforcedwith full penetrationwelds for connecting jumper piping. The stress concentrations will
partially dissipate once the piping is attached. Otherthan thisconcentration,all stressesin the block I walls
are within yieldstresslevels. In addition,stressesinducedin the block hecau_ of'restrainedthermalgrowth
are evaluated. The restrainedthermal growthstre.,mesare relativelylow andare additiveto the
preloadstresses. Figure 13. Block Torque vs, Stress Intensity
Althoughtemperaturedependentstressesresultingfrom thermalexpansionare Material ASTM A 240 GR
304L normallyclassifiedas secondarystresses,theyare conservativelyaccounted Ultimate Tensile
Strength : 75 KlpWlnz t'or in thisevaluationas additionalpreloadgenerated_tres._¢,s.Thermal peak Yield
Strength : 30 KIp_ln 2 stres._s are not evaluated because the jumpers typically do not experience s large
numberof _vere thermaltransientconditions.For blocktorqueversus eo .... stre._sintensity see Figure
13. / O_f_ratingLoads and Combinations. Operating loads produce maximum strmminmn_ stresseson
the elementslocatedat boththeedgeof the openingand at thetop ,_ e0 / of' the block abovetheopening.
The s_ aroundtheopeningforjumper pipingwill partially disappearaRer the jumper pipeis welded to the
block. Wllen operatingloadsarecombinedwith the torqueloads,themaximum _ 40 stressoccurs on the
insideface of the elementslocatedat thecontactsurface l 1._s_._ of thescrew andthe block. Stressesdue
to torqueloads arecritical. Hence, _ -.........":_ lhe controlling stres_qeafor the block analysisare limited to
thoseelements ._ locatedbelow the operatingscrew. To find a loadcombinationthat produces w _
[ critical stressin theblock, anelementthat .,ruesmaximum._tre._esI'_ecauseof. ..1". _ torq.e load is
churn, The combinationof theoperatingloadsthat l_roduce -._ I maximumstresseson thechosenelementis
consideredcritical. To find the 0 _'J' I _ . ! I .... _ ......I I I , worstcombination,unidirectionalloadsare
combinedin all possibleways, 0 10 120 so 40 so 17.S Kips starlingwith two variablesandaddingthethird
variablewith the worst

1. Introduction Sine-on-random excitations are typically generated by rotating machinery. Sine-on-

random excitations are specified in international standards such as in MIL STD 810G [1] or in RTCA DO
160G [2]. So far, the only way of estimating fatigue life from a sine-on-random excitation is to perform a
transient analysis using time domain realizations of the required PSD and harmonic tones as the
excitation. Such an analysis can be accelerated by using modal superposition but is still very demanding
in terms of CPU time. It also raises the question of how long the excitation signal should be to ensure
convergence on fatigue life. The time domain approach is therefore impractical and this is the main
reason why a spectral approach is relevant.

ABSTRACT A methodology is presented for assessing internal flowinduced vibrations (FIV) in subsea
piping systems. Finite Element (FE) models are constructed for the subject piping systems, including
insulation, internal hydrocarbon weight and added mass of the surrounding sea water. Operating
vibration data are measured using ROV-deployable accelerometer loggers clamped directly to the piping
systems. The measured data are processed, analyzed and used for two purposes: model verification and
dynamic response correlation. Modal parameters are extracted from the measured data and compared
to the modal parameters computed from the structural FE model. The model is refined until the
frequencies and mode shape errors are within the desired tolerance. The measured data are then used
to derive a representative forcing function for use with frequency-domain random response analysis.
The forcing function is derived such that the properties of the predicted vibration spectrum match those
of the measured vibration spectrum for all measurement locations. The method presented herein
provides a novel semi-empirical technique for calibrating FE models to make fatigue life predictions for
subsea piping systems using measured vibration data.