JL CARL JOANIC DEL ROSARIO ELEC 4 Code: 02675

Date: 07/16/19
ANALYSIS OF HYROLOGIC DATA

 Regression Analysis
- Regression analysis is a procedure for fitting an equation to a set of
data. Specifically, given a set of measurements on two random
variables, y and x, regression provides a means for finding the
values of the coefficients, b0 and b1, for the straight line (y = b0 + b1
x) that best fits the data.
- The most frequently used linear model relates a criterion variable y
to a single predictor variable x by the equation.

- b0 is the intercept coefficient and b1 is the

slope coefficient;
- b0 and b1 are often called regression coefficients because they are
obtained from a regression analysis.

 Principles of Least
Square
- The principle of least squares, which is sometimes referred to as
regression analysis, is a process of obtaining "best"
estimates of the coefficients and is referred to as a
regression method.

Where:
  Correlation Analysis
- It examines linear relationship between two (2) variables.
- Examples of variables that are assumed to have a causal
relationship and significant correlation are the cost of living and
wages, examination grades and IQ, and the volumes of rainfall
and streamflow.
- However, there are examples that have no cause-and-effect
relationship but may have significant correlation.

Positive
Relation (+) Negative Relation (-)
 Pearson’s Correlation
- This separation of variation concept is useful for quantifying the
correlation coefficient developed by Karl Pearson.

- Note:
|R< 0.3| Weak Correlation |0.3< R <0.6| Moderate
Correlation |R> 0.6| Strong Correlation

 Standard Error of the Estimation

- It is the measure of variation of
an observation made around the
computed regression line.
JL CARL JOANIC DEL ROSARIO ELEC 4 Code: 02675
Date: 07/16/19

Σ( ^y − y )2
Se=
√ n−2

Where:
n = Number of data
Ex.

 Correlation vs. Regression

- Correlation
 It quantifies the degree to which two variables are
related.
 When R is 0.0, there is no relationship. When R is
positive, there is a trend that one variable goes up as
the other one goes up. When R is negative, there is a
trend that one variable goes up as the other one goes
down.
- Regression
 It finds the best line that predicts Y from X.
 It fits the coefficients of a prediction.

Example:

1. The data of Table are the drainage area A (mi2) and mean annual flood Q
(ft3/sec) for six basins in the Sleepers River Experimental Watershed, Vermont.
^
With the drainage area as the predictor variable. Find the regression line ( Q),
Pearson’s Correlation (R), and Standard Error of Estimate (Se).
JL CARL JOANIC DEL ROSARIO ELEC 4 Code: 02675
Date: 07/16/19
 Sol’n:

Σ( ^y − y )2
Se=
√ n−2

2. December Precipitation (in.) and Runoff (in.) for Wildcat Creek near
Lawrenceville,
Georgia, 1960-1 969. Find for R and Se.

Answeres: R = 0.963, Se = 0.2147 in.

JL CARL JOANIC DEL ROSARIO ELEC 4 Code: 02675
Date: 07/16/19
REFERENCES:

https://www.graphpad.com/support/faq/what-is-the-difference-between-
correlation-and-linear-regression/
https://businessjargons.com/standard-error-of-estimate.html
McCuen, R. H. (1998). Hydrologic analysis and design (2ND ed.). Hoboken, NJ:
Pearson Higher Education.