Microbiology General characteristics of the Staphylococci

General characteristics of the Staphylococci

Key Concepts:

1- Genus Staphylococcus man 31 Species, PaKeRcInKWCaBBYkEdlminbgáeraK (Commensal).

manEt Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, nig Staphylococcus
saprophyticus EdlGacbgáeraK)an .

2- RKb; Species én Staphylococcus CaBBYk Cocci gram positive, facultative anaerobes,

RTaMRT)anl¥CamYy Temperature x<s; nig Osmotic pressure nig PaBs¶Üt . BYkvaman
Catalase positive .

3- Staphylococcus KWCaBBYkEdlman Coagulase positive

4- Staphylococcus plitnUv Factor virulence EdlmanlT§PaBRbqaMgTb;Tl;CamYy Phagocytosis,

bMpøaj Host tissue nig sayPaBenAkñúgQam (invade the blood) . edaysarvabeBa©j

Coagulase, hemolysins, leukocidins, enzyme bMEbk tissues nig toxin EdlbMpøaj

Epidermis, ekasikasac;duM nig ekasika Epithelium rbs;eBaHevon .

5- Abscesses KWCakEnøgEdlbgáeraKedaysar Staphylococcus .

6- CMgWbgáeday Staphylococcus aureus ekItmaneLIgenAeBlEdlsrIragÁkayeyIgRtUvTn;exSay.

7- Staphylococcus epidermidis nig Staphylococcus saprophyticus CaBBYkEdlman

Coagulase negative, EdlkarbgáeraKrbs;vaGacekItmaneLIgenAeBlEdlmanCMgWqk;»kas

(Opportunistic infection) .

8- kareRbIR)as; Antibiotics min)anRtwmRtUv rW mineKarBeTAtamevC¢bBa¢a CaehtubgáeGayman

Multiple drug resistant én Staphylococcus aureus, EdlbgáCabBaðaF¶n;F¶rdl;karBüa)al.

9- BBYk Staphylococcus KWCaemeraKEdlrs;enAFmμtaenAelIEs,k (Skin) nig Pñas mucus

(mucus membrane) k¾b:uEnþvak¾GacbgáeGayman Infection, pgEdr . Staphylococcus

CaBBYk Cocci gram positive, BuMman Spores nig Flagella eT .

__________________________________________________________________________________________
1 Borann SAR, MD, Ph.D.
Ref.: Foundation in Microbiology
K. Talaro, A Talaro,
WBC. Publishers, Second Edition
Microbiology General characteristics of the Staphylococci

10- bc©úb,nñman 31Species énBBYk Staphylococcus, EdlPaKeRcInminbgáeraKeT/ KWmanEt

Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus
EdlbgáeraKdl;mnusSya:g F¶n;F¶r .
I- Growth and physiological characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)
S. aureusmanragmUlTMhMFM Ca Colonies BN’sRsGab;enAkñúglkçx½NÐsItuNðPaB 37 ºC .
S aureus CaBYk Facultative anaerobe )ann½yfavarIklUtlas;enAkñúglkçx½NÐman O rW Kμan O . 2 2

- PaKeRcInCa S. aureus digest protein nig Lipids nig eFVIeGayman Fermentation én BBYk
sár (Sugar) .
- S. aureus gaysauMCamYy kMhab;GMbil (7.5 ~ 10%), pH x<s;/ nig sItuNðPaBx<s; (60ºC

kñúgry³eBl 60 min) . vaGacsßitenAkñúgsPaBs¶Ütkñúgry³eBlCaeRcInEx . S. aureus gay

sauMCamYyRbePTfñaM Antibiotics nig Disinfectants.
II- The Enzymes of Staphylococcus aureus:

Staphylococcus aureus CaTUeTAvaplitnUv Coagulase, Ca Enzyme EdlGaceFVIeGayman

kMNk (Coagulate) eTAelI Plasma nig Blood . karbBa¢ak;GMBI \T§iBlén Coagulase eTAelICMgW
minTan;bBa¢ak;BitR)akdRbEhledaysar Coagulase enHehIyEdleFVIeGaymankarRbmUlpþúM Fibrine
enHehIyEdlGacraMgsÞHdl;karRbqaMgTb;Tl;rbs; Phagocytosis rWk¾ Fibrin enHbgáeGaymanPaBs¥it
(Adherence) eTAelICalika . RbmaNCa 97% rbs; Staphylococcus aureus plit Enzyme enH.

Enzyme mYyRbePTeTotKW hyaluronidase ¬rW Spreading factor) EdlvaeFVIkarkinkMeTc

Intracellular nig eFVIeGayetagmankarP¢ab;eTAnwgCalikaCam©as; (Host tissues) . Enzyme enH

CMrujeGay man Invasion rbs;emeraK .

Enzyme epSg²eTotmanCaGaT× Staphylocokinase EdlkMeTckMMNkQam/ Nuclease

EdlkMeTc DNA (DNase), Lipase CYyeGay Bacteria manPaBxøaj; nig Penicillinase Ca

Enzymes Edlbg¥ak;skmμPaB (Inactivate) Penicillin .

__________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Borann SAR, MD, Ph.D.
Ref.: Foundation in Microbiology
K. Talaro, A Talaro,
WBC. Publishers, Second Edition
Microbiology General characteristics of the Staphylococci

III- The toxins of Staphylococcus aureus:

S. aureus plitenA toxin EdlCaRbePT Toxin eFVIeGayb:HBal;dl;ekasikaQam toxin enaHman

Hemolysins nig Lenkocidins . Toxin epSgeTotEdleFVIeGaymanb:HBal;dl;ekasikaeBaHevon

ekasika Epithelial dUcCa Enterotoxins, Exfoliative nig toxic shock syndrome toxin I
(TSST) .

1- Hemolysins, EdlGacbMEbk (Lyse) RKab;QamRkhm/ CaehtubNþaleGaymankarrMlay

sac;duM/ CalikaebHdUg nigtMrgenam .

2- Leukocidin Ca exotoxion, eFVIeGaymankarxUcxatdl; Membrane rbs; Neutrophils nig

Macrophages bNþaleGayGskmμdl; Phagocytosis .

3- S. aureus xøHbeBa©jnUv Enterotoxins EdlmanskmμPaBeTAelIRbdab;rMlayGahar

(Gastrointestinal tract) rbs;mnusS .

4- Exfoliative Ca Toxin EdlbMEbkeGaydac;BIKñanUvBBYkekasika Epidermal enAeBlEdlman

karrlakEs,k/ eFVIeGayEs,krbkecjmk .
5- Toxic shock syndrome toxin I (TSST) Ca Toxin EdlGaceXIjfμI/ Ca Toxin Rbkbeday

eRKaHfñak;bMput EdlbgáeGayman Shock syndrome .

IV- Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of S. aureus:

S. aureus CaRbePTemeraKEdleKeXIjmanenAkñgú mCÄdæanCuvM ji CaBiessmanenAelImnusSEtmþg.

Colonization rbs; S. aureus EdlmanenAelIkUnekμg KW vaekItmantaMgGMBIéf¶cab;kMeNIt ehIybnþ

rhUtGs;mYyCIvit . mnusScas; 30° eTA 50° EdlmansuxPaBl¥ (healthy) manpÞúkemeraKenH .

emeraKTaMgenaHeRcInmanenAelIEs,k/ Naso-pharynx nig kñúgeBaHevon (Intestin)/ EdlemeraKTaMg
enaHBuMbgáeGaymanCMgWeLIy .
enAkñúglkçxNÐEdlbuKÁlenaHTTYlrgeRKaH edaysarCMgWepSg² manCaGaT×/ Infection bNþal
mkBIKμanGnam½y/ xVHGahar/ rbYseTAelICalika/ Diabetes militius, nig Immuno-deficiency
eBlenaH Staphylococcus aureus GacbgáeGaymankarbgáeraK (Infection) )an .
Staphylococcus aureus infections GñkCMgWvHkat;sMrakeBTüEdlbBa¢ak;GMBI ³ Nosocomial infection.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Borann SAR, MD, Ph.D.
Ref.: Foundation in Microbiology
K. Talaro, A Talaro,
WBC. Publishers, Second Edition
Microbiology General characteristics of the Staphylococci

V- The Scope of Clinical Staphylococcal diseases:

GaRs½ytamkMriténkarratt,at rW Toxin rbs; S. aureus vadl;bgáeGaymanCMgWenAelITItaMg

Cak;lak; (Localize) nig (Systemic) sayPayTUeTA ³
1- Localize cutaneous Infection:
CaTUeTA S. aureus ratt,atenAkñúgEs,ktamkEnøgEdlmandMe)A (wounds), follicles
¬eCIgeram¼sk;¦ nig RkeBjénEs,k (Skin glands) .
- PaKeRcInKW folliculitis KWCakarrlakesIr²éneCIgsk; rW eCIgeram rWk¾karlakenAelI RkeBjén

Es,k . Infection TaMgenaHminbgáeGayman Complications GVIF¶n;F¶reT .

- Furuncle KWCakarrlakeTAelI RkeBjEs,k rW eCIgsk;EdlmanTMhMFM/ Rkhm/ manTMenar

eTArk Abscess rW e)a:gehImmkeRkA (Pustule) .

- Carbuncle manTMhMFM (RbEhlb:unkUn)al; Baseball) eRCAEdlbegáItmkedaysarkarRbmUl

pþúMKñaén Furuncle mYyRkum/ vabgáeGaymankarQWcab;xøaMg/ GacbgáeGaysøab;)ancMeBaH

mnusScas; .
- Impetigo manlkçN³dUcrbkEs,k/ ehIm/ Es,keLIgeRbHehIyrbkmkeRkA/ vaeRcInEtekIt

mancMeBaHTarkeTIbRbsUt (Newborns)
2-Miscellaneous Systemic Infection
KWCaraldalecjGMBI S. aureus EdlbgáeraKenAelIEs,keq<aHeTAkan;kEnøgepSgeTot Edlman
srIragÁenAeRCA CaBiessKWq¥wg (Bones) .
vabegáIteGaymanCa Osteo-myelitis, manlkçN³Ca Abscess, Necrosis rbs;Calikaq¥wg .
eraKsBaØarbs; Oseteo-myelitis man ³ fever, chills, pain, nig Muscle spasm .
vaeRcInekItmanelIekμgCMTg; rWBBYkejónfñaM (Drug abusers) .
müa:gvijeTot epþImecjGMBITIkEnøgrs;enArbs; S. aureus enA Naso-pharynx,
vaGacbgáeGayman Pneumonia rYmCamYy Multiple lung abscesses EdlmaneraKsBaØa Fever,
Chest pain, nig kMhakQam (Bloody sputum) . krNIenHGñkCMgWGacsøab;kñúgGaRta 50% . S.

aureus Gacbgá eGayman Infection eTAdl;srIragÁepSg²eTotpgEdr .

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4 Borann SAR, MD, Ph.D.
Ref.: Foundation in Microbiology
K. Talaro, A Talaro,
WBC. Publishers, Second Edition
Microbiology General characteristics of the Staphylococci

3- Toxigenic Staphylococcal diseases

Toxin Edlplitedaysar Staphylococcus aureus bNþaleGayman Intoxication,

Syndrome rlakEs,k nig Toxic Shock syndrome . Enterotoxins begáItedaysar S.aureus

bNþaleGaymankarBuldl;cMNIGahar (Food poisoning) . edaysarcMNIGaharTaMgenaHrkSaTuk

dak;BuM)anRtwmRtUv nig müa:geTot S. aureus CaRbePTemeraKEdlGacRTaMRTCamYyCatiGMbil)anya:g
gay . Enterotoxins heat-stable ¬RTaMRTnwgkMedA¦/ edIm,Ibg¥ak;skmμPaB vaRtUvkarsItN
u Pð aB 100ºC
ya:gehacNas; 30 min k¾b:uEnþkarEdldutkMedAGaharEdlman toxin enaHminEmnCameFüa)aykarBar
food poisoning enaH)aneLIy . eraKsBaØarbs; food poisoning ekItmanPøam (acute) dUcCa ³

Cramping ¬cukeBaH¦/ nausea ¬ceg¥ar¦/ Vomiting ¬k¥Üt¦/ Diarrhea ¬raK¦/ EdlGacekIteLIg

kñúgry³eBl 2 eTA 6 ema:g eRkayBIbriePaKGaharenaHrYc/ eraKsBaØaTaMgenaHGac)at;bg;eTAvijya:g

rh½skñúgry³eBl 24 ema:g .
cMeBaHekμg toxin-infection én S. aureus bgáeGayman Staphylococcal Scalded skin
Syndrome (SSSS) KWCakarrlakEs,kya;gxøag M køa bNþaleGaymankarQWcab; (Painful), eLIgBN’
RkhmraleBjdgxøÜn nig manrbkEs,k . vaeRcInekItmaneLIgcMeBaHkumarGayueRkam 4 qñaM .
VI- Host defenses Against S. aureus:
edaysarPavrs;rbs;mnusSmanCab;CaRbcaMCamYy S. aureus, mnusSeyIgmankarvivtþn_ya:gsMxan;
eTAelIPaBsuaMCamYy Staphylococcal infections . eKeFVIkarBiesaFn_edaycak;bBa©Úlrab;Ban;ekasika S.
aureus enAkñúgEs,kEdlKμanrbYs/ eBlenaHBuMbNþaleGayman Infection eLIy .
pÞúyeTAvijefñredr énmuxvHkat;/ emeraK S. aureus rab;ryekasikaGacbgáeGayman Infection
ya:ggay . sarBagÁkay eyIgbegáItnUv Specific antibody sMrab;Tb;Tl;CamYy S. aureus k¾b:uEnþ
Antibody enHBuMGacrkSa )anyUreLIy . Infection nig Cell mediated ¬ekasikasMrYleGayman¦

Immunity )anbNþal eGaymankarbgáeLIgnUv Abscess ekþab Staphylococcus

eGayenAmYykEnøg nig karBarkuMeGayman karratt,atteTAeTot .

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5 Borann SAR, MD, Ph.D.
Ref.: Foundation in Microbiology
K. Talaro, A Talaro,
WBC. Publishers, Second Edition
Microbiology General characteristics of the Staphylococci

VII- The other staphylococci:

Species d¾éTeTotén Staphylococcus manCaGaT×KW Coagulase negative staphylococci

(CNS) . vaCa Species EdlGacmanenAelImnusS nig stVepSg² . Species enHmankarraldal
ya:gxøaMgenAkñúg 20 qñaMcugeRkayenH CaBiessenAkñúg Nosocomial infections nig Opportunistic
infection . vamandUcCa ³
1- Staphylococcus epidermidis EdleRcInEtbgáeraKenAeBleRkay karvHkat;/ dak; Catheters,
prosthetic CaedIm/ vaGacbNþaleGayman Endocarditis, bacteremia nig Urinary tract
infection. .
2- Staphylococcus saprophyticus eRcInrs;CaFmμtaenAelIEs,k/ Lower interlineal tract,
nig Genital tract . vaeRcInEtbgáeGayman Urinary tract infection .
VIII- Identification of Staphylococcus in clinical samples

Staphylococcus PaKeRcInRtUv)an Isolated ecjmkGMBI Pus ¬xÞúH¦ tissus exudates

¬Twkrég¦/ Sputum ¬kMhak¦/ Urine ¬Twkenam¦ nig Blood ¬Qam¦ . dUecñHedIm,IeCosvagkarRcLM
CamYy Staphylococcus enAkñúgmCÄdæanCuMvij/ caM)ac;karykvtßúviPaKTaMgenHRtUveFVIeGay)anhμt;ct;Ca
TIbMput .
eKGaceFVIkarbNþúH Staphylococcus enAelIfñalbNþúH (culture medium) EdlmanrlaQam
eCom rWQamesH/ k¾b:uEnþlT§pl)anmkBIkarbNþúHenHmanlayLM (contaminated) CamYyRbePT
emeraKepSgeTot . manfñalbNþúH (Culture medium) CMerIsCaBiesscMeBaH Staphylococcus Et
mYyKt; KW Culture medium Edlman manitol-salt agar .
epþImecjBIfñal;bNþúH Colonic rbs;emeraKEdlduHenaHCa Cocci gram positive RbmUlpþúMCa
Cluster ¬cegáam¦ tamry³ Gram Stains . Catalase test positive (enzyme) EdlGacbMEbk
Hydrogen pyroxide Edl)anRbmUlpþúMenAeBleFVI Metabolism sMrab;bBaa¢ak;lkçN³xusKña
(Differentiate) GMBIBYk Streptococcus (Catalase negative) .
edIm,I Identify Ca Staphylococcus aureus eKRtUveFVI test bBa¢ak;GMBI Coagulase
(Coagulase test) . Coagulase test positive cMeBaH S. aureus . müa:geTot Latex bead
agglutination test ¬GaRs½yeTAtam Protein A én Surface rbs; S. aureus EdlGacetagP¢ab;
CamYy Ig antibodies) Positive k¾GacbBa¢ak;GMBIlkçN³rbs; S. aureus Edr .
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6 Borann SAR, MD, Ph.D.
Ref.: Foundation in Microbiology
K. Talaro, A Talaro,
WBC. Publishers, Second Edition
Microbiology General characteristics of the Staphylococci

IX- Clinical Concerns in staphylococcal Infection:

Staphylococcus CaRbePTemeraKEdlgayRsYlbgáPaBsuaMCamYy Antibiotique . 95% én
S. aureus begáInenABBYk Penicillinase EdlbNþaleGayvagaymanPaBsuaMCamYy Penicillin nig

Ampicilline .

cMeBaH S. aureus strains EdlmanPaBsauMCa MRSA (Methicillin resistance S.aureus)

minRKan;EtCa Strains EdlmanPaBsuaMCamYy Methicillin nig Oxacilline b:ueNÑaHeT/ vak¾manPaB
sauMpgEdrCamYy Gentamycin, Cephalosporin, Tetracyclin nig Erythromycin . MRSA
eRcInEtekitmannUvkarqøgraldalenAkñúgmnÞIreBTü (Nosocomial Infections). Strains of S. aureus
xøHeTotkMBugEtmanPaBsuaMCamYyBBYk Quinolones dUcCa Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacine CaedIm .
fμI²enHman Strains of S. aureus d¾tictYccab;epþImmanPaBsuaMCamYy Vancomycins .
1- Treatment of Staphylococcus Infection
enAtambTBiesaFn_ Clinic )anbgðajeGayeXIjfa ³
- Abscess RtUveFVIkarBüa)aledayBBYk Antibiotics bEnßmCamYykarvHkat;bgðÚrxÞúHecj .

- Severe systemic infection dUcCa Endocanditis, Septicemia, Osteo-myelitis,

Pneumonia nig Toxemic, GaceqøIytbya:gexSaybMputCamYykarBüa)aleday Antibiotics,

dUecñHtMrUveGaymankarBüa)alya:ghμt;ct; elbtammat; rWcak; nig rYmbBa©Úl Antibiotic 2 RbePT

CamYyKña .
2- Prevention of Staphylococcus Infection
eyIgminGacbM)at;ecalTaMgRsugBBYk Staphylococcus ecjBImCÄdæanCuMvijeLIy . vamankar
Bi)akNas;dl;karraMgsÞH karrIklUtlas; (Colonization) enAxøÜnR)aNmnusSNas; . k¾b:uEnþkarsMxan;
eyIgRtUvbnßyeGayTabbMputnUv Nosocomial Infection edayRtUvRbugRby½tñenAelI Gnam½y rebob
sMGateTAelIefñrvHkat; rWkEnøgrlakePøIgCaedIm . tamdanRtYtBinitüenAelIbBaða Nosocomial
Infection kñúgcMeNamGñkEdlRbQmmuxeTAnwgCMgWenH (People at greatest risk) .

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__________________________________________________________________________________________
7 Borann SAR, MD, Ph.D.
Ref.: Foundation in Microbiology
K. Talaro, A Talaro,
WBC. Publishers, Second Edition