I.

INTRODUCTION TO RULES ON EVIDENCE

a. Concept of Evidence - Rule 128
b. Evidence vs. Proof
c. Scope of Evidence
d. Factum probans and factum probandum
e. Relevancy of Evidence
CASES:
1. Office of the Court Administrator vs. Judge Alberto L. Lerma, A.M. No. RTJ-
07-2079, October 12, 2010

f. Admissibility of Evidence
CASES:
1. Fernando Mancol, Jr., vs. Development Bank Of The Philippines, G.R. No.
204289, November 22, 2017
2. People of the Philippines vs. Antonio Lauga Y Pina Alias Terio, G.R. No.
186228, March 15, 2010

g. Admissible Evidence vs. Credible Evidence

h. Admissibility and Weight of Evidence

II. RULE 129 - WHAT NEED NOT BE PROVED

a. Judicial Notice
CASES:
1. Corinthian Garden vs. Spouses Tanjangco, G.R. No. 160795, June 27, 2008.
2. Social Justice Society vs. Atienza, G.R. No. 156052, February 13, 2008
3. “G” Holdings, Inc. vs. National Mines and Allied Workers, G.R. No. 160236,
October 16, 2009.
4. Spouses Latip vs. Chua, G.R. No. 177809, October 16, 2009.
5. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas vs. Legaspi, G.R. No. 205966, March 2, 2016
6. Landbank of the Philippines vs. Honeycomb Farms Inc., G.R. No. 16659,
November 12, 2012
7. Asian Terminals vs. Malayan Insurance G.R. No. 171406, April 4, 2011
8. BE San Diego, Inc. vs. CA, G.R. No. 159230, June 8, 2007
9. Dela Llana vs. Blong, G.R. No. 182356, December 4, 2013
10. Penta Realty Corporation vs. Ley Corporation, November 24, 2014

b. Judicial Admissions
CASES:
1. Social Justice Society v. Atienza, G.R. No. 156052, February 13, 2008
2. Cuenco v. Talisay Tourist Sport Complex, G.R. No. 174154, October 17,
2008
3. Toshiba Information v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, G.R. No. 157594,
March 9, 2010.
4. Tan vs. People, G.R. No. 218902, October 17, 2016
5. Metro Rail Transit Development Corporation vs. Gammon Philippines, Inc.
G.R. No. 200401, January 17, 2018
6. Sun Brothers Appliances Inc. vs. Caluntad, G.R. No. L-21440, April 30, 1966


CASES:
1. Phil. Commercial & Industrial Bank vs. Escolin, G.R. No. L-27936, March 29, 1974
2. Collector of Internal Revenue vs. Fisher, G.R. No. L-11622, January 28, 1961
3. Enriquez Vda. De Catalan vs. Catalan-Lee, G.R. No. 183622, February 8, 2012
4. ACTI Overseas Corporation vs. Echin, G.R. No. 178551, October 11, 2010
5. Nedloyd Lijnen BV Rotterdam and the East Asiatic Co. Ltd., vs. Glow Laks
Enterprise, Ltd., G.R. No. 156330, November 19, 2014

III. RULES OF ADMISSIBILITY

(1) Object Evidence

CASES:
1. BPI v. Reyes, G.R. No. 157177, February 11, 2008
2. People v. Malimit, G.R. No. 109775, November 14, 1996
3. PO1 Ocampo v. People, G.R. No. 194129, June 15, 2015
4. People vs. Rullepa, G.R. No. 131516, March 5, 2003

a. Chain of Custody
CASES:
1. People vs. Anita Miranba, G.R. No. 205639, January 18, 2016
2. People vs. Salim Ismael Y Radang, G.R. No. 208093, February 20, 2017
3. People vs. Ramil Doria and Rommel Castro, G.R. No. 212196, January 12, 2015
4. People vs. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 177222, October 9, 2008
5. Lopez vs. People, G.R. No. 172953, April 30, 2008
6. People vs. Prajes, G.R. No. 206770, April 02, 2014
7. People vs. Sabdula, G.R. No. 184758, April 21, 2014
8. People vs. Abetong, G.R. No. 204029, June 04, 2014
9. People vs. Gamata, G.R. No. 205202, June 09, 2014
10. People vs. Bulotano, G.R. No. 190177, June 06, 2014
11. People vs. Salvidar, G.R. No. 207664, June 25, 2014
12. People vs. Edano, G.R. No. 188133, July 07, 2014
13. People vs. Villarta, G.R. No. 205610, July 30, 2014
14. People vs. Cerdon, G.R. No. 201111, August 06, 2014
15. People vs. Balaquiot, G.R. No. 206366, August 13, 2014
16. People vs. Bontuyan, G.R. No. 206912, September 10, 2014
17. People vs. Andriano, G.R. No. 208169, October 08, 2014
18. People vs. Lagahit, G.R. No. 200877, November 12, 2014
19. People vs. Cabrera, G.R. No. 190175, November 12, 2014
20. People vs. Datsgandawali, G.R. No. 193385, December 01, 2014
21. People vs. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 193670, December 03, 2014
22. People vs. Pavia and Buendia, G.R. No. 202687, January 14, 2015
23. Portuguez vs. People, G.R. No. 194499, January 14, 2015
24. People vs. Minanga, G.R. No. 202837, January 21, 2015
25. People vs. Dacumay, G.R. No. 205889, February 04, 2015
26. People vs. Butial, G.R. No. 192785, February 04, 2015
27. People vs. Nepomuceno, G.R. No. 194999, February 09, 2015
28. People vs. Alagarme, G.R. No. 184789, February 23, 2015
29. People vs. Recto, G.R. No. 189926, March 11, 2015
30. People vs. Sapitula, G.R. No. 209212, February 18, 2016
31. People vs. Dela Cruz and Bautista, G.R. No. 225741, December 05, 2018
32. People vs. Torio, G.R. No. 225780, December 03, 2018
33. People vs. Ilagan, G.R. No. 227021, December 05, 2018


b. Rule on DNA Evidence
i. Meaning of DNA
ii. Application for DNA testing order
iii. Post-conviction DNA testing; remedy
iv. Assessment of probative value of DNA evidence and adminissibility
v. Rules on evaluation of reliability of the DNA testing Methodology
CASES:
1. People vs. Vallejo, G.R. No. 144656, May 9, 2002
2. People vs. Yatar, G.R. No. 150224, May 19, 2004
3. In Re Estate of Rogelio Ong v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, December 14, 2007
4. Tijing vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. 125901, March 08, 2001
5. People vs. Morate, G.R. No. 201156, January 29, 2014
6. People vs. Quesido, G.R. No. 189351, April 10, 2013

(2) Expanded definition of Documentary Evidence

a. Photograph as Documentary Evidence

CASES:
1. Sison v. People, G.R. Nos. 108280-83, November 16, 1995
2. Jose v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118441, January 18, 2000
3. College Assurance Plan vs. Belfrant Development, G.R. No. 155604,
November 22, 2007
4. People vs. Zeta, G.R. No. 178541, May 27, 2008

A. Original Document Rule

CASES:
1. DECS vs. Del Rosario, G.R. No. 146596, January 26, 2005
2. Edsa Shangrila vs. BF Corporation, G.R. No. 145842, June 27, 2008
3. Chua Gaw vs. Chua G.R. No. 160855, April 16, 2008
4. Sansan vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 160855, April 16, 2008
5. Republic v. Imelda “Imee” Marcos-Manotoc, et al., G.R. No. 171701, February
8, 2012
6. Rogelio Dantis vs. Julio Maghinang, Jr. , G.R. No. 191696, April 10, 2013
7. Heirs of Prodon vs. Heirs of Alvarez, G.R. No. 170604, September 2, 2013
8. MCMP Construction Corp vs. Monark Construction, G.R. No. 201001,
November 10, 2014
9. Republic vs. Spouses Gimenes, G.R. No. 174673, January 11, 2016

a. Original of documents
CASES:
1. Scunac Corporation vs. Sylianteng, G.R. No. 205879, April 23, 2014
2. Capital Shoes Factory, Ltd. vs. Traveler Kids, Inc., G.R. No. 200065,
September 14, 2014
3. Northern Mindanao Power Corporation vs. CIR, G.R. No. 185115,
February 18, 2015

b. Electronic Evidence
CASES:
1. People vs. Noel Enojas, et al., G.R. No. 204895, March 10, 2014
2. MCC Industrial Sales Corp. vs. Sangyong Corp., G.R. No. 170633,
October 17, 2007

B. Secondary Evidence


1. EDSA Shangri-la Hotel and Resort vs. BF Corp., G.R. No. 145842, June
27, 2008)

a. Summaries
C. Parol Evidence Rule
CASES:
1. ACI Phil. Inc. vs. Coquia, G.R. No. 174466, July 14, 2008
2. Seaoil Petroleum Corporation vs. Autocorp. Group, G.R. No. 164326,
October 17, 2008.
3. Marquez v. Espejo, G.R. No. 168387, August 25, 2010
4. Tong vs. Go Tiat Kun, G.R. No. 196023, April 21, 2014
5. Sps. Felix and Carmen Chua vs. United Coconut Planters Bank, G.R. No.
No. 215999, December 17, 2018
6. Spouses Paras vs. Kimwa Construction and Development Corporation, G.R.
No. 171601, April 8, 2015
7. Sps. Abella vs. Sps. Abella, G.R. No. 195166, July 8, 2015

a. Public Documents
CASES:
1. Suerte-Felipe vs. People, G.R. No. 170974, March 3, 2008
2. Republic of the Philippines vs.Carmen Santorio Galeno G.R. No.
215009, January 23, 2017
3. Patula vs. People, G.R. No. 164457, April 11, 2012
4. Chua vs. Westmont Bank, G.R. No. 182650, February 27, 2012
5. Republic vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 188881, April 21, 2014

b. Authentication and Proof of Documents

CASES:
1. Bermejo vs. Barrios, G.R. No. L-23614, February 27, 1970
2. Llemos v. Llemos, G.R. No. 150162, January 26, 2007
3. Domingo vs. Robles, G.R No. 153743, March 18, 2005
4. St. Mary’s Farm, Inc. vs. Prime Real Porperties, Inc., G.R. No.
158144, July 31, 2008
5. Abbas vs. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013

D. Interpretation of Documents

(3) Testimonial Evidence

a. New Concept of Lack of First Hand Knowledge
CASES:
1. Northwest Airlines, Inc. vs. Chiong, G.R. NO. 155550, January 31,
2008
2. Espineli vs. People, G.R. No. 179535, June 9, 2014

A. Qualification of Witness
CASES:
1. People vs. Aleman, G.R. No. 181539, July 24, 2013
2. Marcos vs. Heirs of Navarro, G.R. No. 198240, July 3, 2013
3. AFP Retirement and Separation Benefit System vs. Republic, G.R.
No. 188956, March 20, 2013


a. Disqualification by reason of marriage

CASES:
1. Alvarez vs. Ramirez, G.R. No. 143439, October 14, 2005
2. People vs. Pansensoy, G.R. No. 140634, September 12, 2002
3. People vs. Quidato Jr., G.R. No. 117401, October 1, 1998

b. Disqualification by reason of privilege communications

CASES:
1. Mercado vs. Vitriolo, A.C. 5110, May 26, 2005
2. Regala vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 105938, September 20,
1996
3. People vs. Invencion, G.R. No. 131636, March 5, 2003
4. Gonzales vs. CA, G.R. No. 117740, October 30, 1998
5. Neri vs. Senate Committee on Accountability, G.R. No. 180643,
March 25, 2008
6. Senate of the Philippines vs. Ermita, G.R. NO. 169777, April 25,
2006
7. Per Curiam Decision of the Supreme Court in connection with the
Letter of the House of Prosecution Panel to Subpoena Justices of
the Supreme Court, February 14, 2012
8. Belen vs. People, G.R. No. 211120, February 13, 2017
9. Eagleridge Dev't. Corp. vs. Cameron Granville 3 Asset
Management, Inc., G.R. No. 204700, Nov. 24, 2014
10. Marcos vs. Heirs of Navarro, G.R. No. 198240, July 3, 2013
11. Chan vs. Chan G.R. No. 179786, July 24, 2013
12. Banco Filipino vs. Monetary Board, G.R. No. 70054, July 8, 1986

B. Testimonial Privilege

a. Parental and filial privilege

CASES:
1. Lee vs. CA, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010
2. People vs. Invencion, G.R. No. 131636, March 5, 2003

b. Privilege relating to trade secrets

CASES:
1. Air Philippines Corporation vs. Pennswell, Inc., G.R. No. 172835,
December 13, 2007

c. Judicial Affidavit Rule

CASES:
1. Lagon vs. Judge Velasco, G.R. No. 208424, February 14, 2018

C. Admission and Confessions

a. Extrajudicial Admissions / Confessions

CASES:
1. People vs. Lorenzo, G.R. No. 110107, January 26, 1995


3. People vs. Satorre, G.R. No. 133858, August 12, 2003

b. Positive Identification
CASES:
1. People vs. Villacorta, G.R. No. 172468, October 15, 2008
2. People of the Philippines vs. Crisente Pepaño Nuñez, G.R. No.
209342, October 4, 2017

c. Documented Alibi
CASES:
1. People vs. Lejano, G.R. 176389, December 14, 2010

d. Offer of Compromise

CASES:
1. People v. Erguiza, G.R. No. 171348, November 26, 2008
2. Tan vs. Rodil Enterprises, G.R. No. 168071, December 18, 2006
3. San Miguel Corp. vs. Kalalo, G.R. No. 185522, June 13, 2012
4. People vs. Nazareno, G.R. No. 180915, Aug. 9, 2010

e. Admission by co-partner or agent

CASES:
1. Republic vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152154, July 15, 2003
2. Acenas vs. Sison, G.R. No. L-17011, August 30, 1963

f. Admission by conspirator

CASES:
1. Salapuddin v. Court ofAppeals, G.R. No. 184681, February 25,
2013
2. Tamargo vs. Awigan, G.R. No. 177727, January 19, 2010

g. Admission by privies

CASES:
1. Gevero vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 77029, August
30, 1990

h. Admission by silence

CASES:
1. Estrada vs. Desierto, G.R. No. 146710-15, March 2, 2001
2. People vs. Guillen, G.R. No. 191756, Nov. 25, 2013
3. People vs. Castañeda, G.R. No. 208290, Dec. 11, 2013

D. Previous Conduct as Evidence

CASES:


a. Res inter Alios Acta

CASES:
1. People vs. Cachuela, G.R. No. 191752, June 10, 2013

E. Confessions
CASES:
3. Ladiana vs. People, G.R. No. 144293, December 4, 2002
4. People vs. Satorre, G.R. No. 133858, August 12, 2003

F. Hearsay
a. Independently Relevant Statement

CASES:
1. Bayani vs. People, G.R. No. 155619, August 14, 2007

G. Exceptions to Hearsay Rule

a. Dying Declaration
CASES:
1. People vs. Tabarnero, G.R. No. 168169, February 24, 2010
2. People vs. Gatarin, G.R. No. 198022, April 07, 2014
3. People vs. Palanas, G.R. No. 214453, June 17, 2015

b. Declaration against interest

CASES:
1. Lazaro v. Agustin, G.R. No. 152364, April 15, 2010

c. Statement of decedent or person of unsound mind

CASES:
1. Garcia v. Vda. de Caparas, G.R. No. 180843, April 17, 2013

d. Act or declaration about pedigree

CASES:
1. Nepomuceno v. Lopez, G.R. No. 181258, March 19, 2010
2. Dela Cruz vs. Garcia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009

e. Family reputation or tradition regarding pedigree

CASES:
1. People vs. Soriano, G.R. No. 135027, July 03, 2002

f. Common reputation
g. Records of regularly conducted business activity

CASES:
1. Landbank vs. Oñate, G.R. No. 192371, January 15, 2014
2. Security Bank vs. Gan, G.R. No. 150464, June 27, 2006

h. Entries in official records

i. Commercial lists and the like
CASES:
1. MERALCO vs. Quisumbing, G.R. No. 127598, February 22, 2000
2. PNOC Shipping and Transport Co. vs. CA, 297 SCRA 402


k. Testimony or deposition at a former proceeding
CASES:
1. Republic vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152375, December 13, 2011
2. PCGG vs. Gutierrez, G.R. No. 194159, October. 21, 2015

l. Residual exception
m. Part of the Res Gestae
CASES:
1. People vs Putian, G.R. No. L-33049, November 29, 1976
2. People vs. Feliciano, G.R. No. 196735, May 5, 2014
3. People vs. XXX, G.R. No. 205888, August 22, 2018
4. Manulat vs. People, G.R. No. 190892, August 17, 2015
5. Marturillas vs. People G.R. No. 163217, April 18, 2006

i. Requisites of Res Gestae

ii. Test in applying Res Gestae

H. Opinion Rule
a. Opinion of expert witness
CASES:
1. Casumpang vs. Cortejo, G.R. No. 171127, March 11, 2015
2. People vs. Fundano, G.R. 124737, June 24, 1998
3. Domingo vs. Domingo, G.R. No. 150897, April 11, 2005

b. Opinion of ordinary witness

I. Character Evidence

CASES:
1. People v. Lee, G.R. No. 139070, May 29, 2002

a. Exceptions in Criminal Case

b. Exceptions in Civil Case
c. In Criminal and Civil Cases

IV. BURDEN OF PROOF, BURDEN OF EVIDENCE

AND PRESUMPTION

a. Burden of proof and burden of evidence

CASES:
1. Republic vs. Mupas, G.R. No. 181892, September 8, 2015
2. Manongsong vs. Estimo, G.R. No. 136773, June 25, 2003
3. Sps. De Leon vs. BPI, G.R. No. 184565, November 20, 2013
4. Susan A. Yap vs. Elizabeth Lagtapon, G.R. No. 196347, January 23,
2017
5. People vs. Abetong, G.R. No. 2019785, , June 4, 2014
6.

b. Conclusive presumption
CASES:
1. Midway Maritime and Technological Foundation vs. Castro, G.R. No.


2. Datalift Movers v. Belgravia Realty, G.R. No. 144268, August 30,
2006
3. Eli Lui vs, Petron Corporation, G.R. No. 203714, October 01, 2019
4. SSS v. Aguas, G.R. No. 165546, February 27, 2006

c. Disputable Presumption
CASES:
1. People vs. Panaligan, G.R. No. 106025, February 09, 1994
2. Racines vs. Morallos, A.M. No. MTJ-08-1698, March 3, 2008
3. Diaz vs. People, G.R. No. 208113, December 2, 2015
4. Celedonio v. People, G.R. No. 209137, July 1, 2015
5. Poe-Llamanzares vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 221697, March 8, 2016

d. Presumption in civil actions and proceeding

CASES:
1. People v. Godoy, G.R. Nos. 115908-09, December 6, 1995

e. Presumption against an accused in criminal cases

V. PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE

(1) Examination of Witnesses

a. Proceedings to be recoded
b. Rights and Obligation of a witness
CASES:
1. Lee vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010

c. Direct Examination and Cross-examination

d. Re-direct Examination and Re-cross Examination
e. Leading and misleading questions

CASES:
1. People vs. Ilogon, G.R. No. 206294, June 29, 2016
2. People vs. Daganio, G.R. No. 137385, January 23, 2002

f. Adverse Party Witness

CASES:
1. Chua Gaw v. Gaw, G.R. No. 160855, April 16, 2008

g. Impeachment by evidence of conviction of a crime

h. Party may not impeach his or her own witness
i. How witness impeached by evidence of inconsistent statement

CASES:
1. People vs. Escosura, G.R. No. L-1291, November 02, 1948
2. People vs. De Guzman, G.R. No. 122740, March 30, 1998

j. Exclusion and Separation of Witness

k. Rule on Examination of Child Witness


2. People vs. Canete, G.R. No. 491920, March 28, 2003
3. People vs. Nievera, G.R. No. 242830, August 28, 2019

(2) AUTHENTICATION AND PROOF OF DOCUMENTS

l. Classes of documents
m. Proof of private documents
n. How genuineness of handwriting proved

CASES:
1. Dela Rama vs. Papa, G.R. No. 142309, January 30, 2009
2. Carbonell v. Carbonell-Mendes, G.R. No. 205681, July 1, 2015

o. Proof of Official Record

p. What attestation of a copy must state

CASES:
1. Nedlloyd Lijnen B.V. Rotterdam v. Glow Laks Enterprises, Ltd.,
G.R. No. 156330, November 19, 2014

q. Proof of lack of record

CASES:
1. Republic vs. CA and Castro, G.R. No. 103047, September 02, 1994
2. Abbas v. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013

r. Alteration in document, how to explain

(3) OFFER AND OBJECTION

a. Offer of Evidence
CASES:
1. Atlas Consolidated vs. CIR, G.R. No. 159490, February 18, 2008
2. Dizon vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 140944, April 30, 2008
3. Republic v. Espinosa, G.R. No. 186603, April 5, 2017
4. People vs. Pecardal, G.R. No. 71381, November 24 1986
5. Sabay vs. People, G. R. No. 192150, October 1, 2014

b. When to make an offer

CASES:
1. Heirs of Pasag v. Spouses Parocha, G.R. No. 155483, April 27, 2007)

c. Objection

CASES:
1. Catuira v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 105813, September 12, 1994
2. Corpuz vs. People, G.R. No. 180016, April 29, 2014
3.

d. Striking out an answer

e. Tender of excluded evidence
CASES:


2. Yu vs. CA, G.R. No. 154115, November 29, 2005
3. Fortune Tobacco Corporation vs. CIR, G.R. No. 192024, July 01, 2015

VI. WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE

a. Preponderance of Evidence
CASES:
1. Raymundo vs. Lunaria, G.R. No. 171036, October 17, 2008
2. Republic vs. Mupas, G.R. NO. 181892, September 8, 2015
3. Sultan vs. Atty. Macabanding, A.C. No. 7919, October 08, 2014
4. Tabuada vs. Tabuada, G.R. No. 196510, September 12, 2018
5. Municipality of Moncada vs. Cajuigan, G.R. No. 7048, January 12, 1912

b. Proof beyond reasonable doubt

CASES:
1. ABS-CBN Corp. vs. Gozon, G.R. No. 195956, March 11, 2015
2. Daluraya vs. Oliva, G.R. No. 210148, December 8, 2014
3. People vs. Bacalso, G.R. No. 89811. March 22, 1991

c. Circumstantial Evidence
CASES:
1. People vs. Austria, G.R. No. 55109, April 8, 1991
2. People vs. Ayola, G.R. No. 138923, September 4, 2001
3. Franco vs. People, G.R. No. 191185, February 1, 2016
4. Manulat, Jr. vs. People, G.R. No. 190892, Aug. 17, 2015

d. Weight to be given opinion of expert witness

e. Substantial evidence
CASES:
1. Desierto vs. Epistola, G.R. No. 161425, November 23, 2016
2. Republic vs. Cayanan, G.R. No. 181796, November 07, 2017
3. Punongbayan & Araullo vs. Lepon, G.R. No. 174115, November 9, 2015

f. Power of court to stop further evidence

g. Evidence on Motion

I. REFERENCES AND OTHER MATERIALS

1. Lecture of Hon. Maria Filomena Singh on 2019 Amendments to the Revised

Rules on Evidence
2. Evidence, The Bar Lecture Series by Willard B. Riano
3. Supreme Court E-Library