Republic of the Philippines

DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

OPEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
San Fernando City, La Union, 2500 Philippines
Telefax No. (072) 242-3608 / 607-5343 / 607-8324

NAME: EDRIN ROY C. SY

PROGRAM: MASTER IN DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION MAJOR IN
LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION DAF 204-
PROFESSOR DR. MARIO MENZOZA STATISTICS

MODULE 1

INTRODUCTORY NOTIONS IN STATISTICS

SUMMATIVE TEST

I. Read carefully the following questions. Encode your answer precisely.

1. Describe the nature of statistics. With your knowledge of statistics in this
sense, how do you apply it in a real life situation? Illustrate your answer.

Statistics is a method to analyze the data from a survey conducted or experimented from
different areas in any field of specializations. Statistics may be descriptive and inferential. It is
descriptive when its purpose is to describe or summarize the data from a limited small group
while it is inferential when generalize the conclusions obtained from the smaller group. As a
bread winner of our family, my budget should have a plan to maximize in my little salaries. It
should be organized to the most important thing so that I have something to be saved for the
educational plan until doctorate until I am a single. I will analyze or calculate if the funds are
sufficient to spend for our daily needs, otherwise there is a need to change my plan and remove
some unnecessary expenses to meet my objective. Therefore, I may conclude that more income,
more savings, and more needs satisfied. With these, statistics is also applied in my real life
situations from to my day to day activities.

2. Why statistics considered a science? Is interpretation possible without the

analysis of the data first? Why?

Statistics is considered a science because there are steps by steps procedures or methods to be
followed when interpreting and analyses a data. Collecting should come first, then presenting,
analyzing and lastly interpreting the data. No outcome to be interpreted if no data gathered.

3. Is it true that a sample is always approximate picture of the population?

Why? What will happen if the sample you have drawn from the population
does not represent the population?

Of course yes, because sample is a portion of the population which has chosen impartially to
drawn a conclusion. If the sample drawn from the population does not represent the population,
then the result will not meet the goal of sampling. If that the case, it is not advisable to be the
basis of drawing a conclusion and the process will start again from collecting a data or choosing
a sample.

4. When can a variable be considered independent and dependent?

A variable is considered independent if it influences or causes a change on the dependent

variable. Meanwhile, dependent variable will have an effect if the independent variable
introduced be removed or changed.
 Republic of the Philippines
DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
OPEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
San Fernando City, La Union, 2500 Philippines
Telefax No. (072) 242-3608 / 607-5343 / 607-8324

5. Give the uses of statistics and explain each use briefly. Do you think that any
science will develop without tests of the hypotheses? Support your answer.

The following are the uses of statistics are:

a. Helps to understand phenomenon of nature-Statistics is needed to explain the

things happening on the physical world like typhoon, climate, weather,
earthquake, etc.
b. Helps in the planning or gathering data of any field of study-Statistics is
important in all areas like education, business, medicine, engineering, etc.
c. Helps in collecting quantitative data-It is needed to interpret the collected data
for better planning.
d. Helps to presenting data clearer in a graphic form-It can be easily understood
the data gathered if it is presented in graphs.
e. Helps to draw a conclusions from a sample data-It can be interpreted by the
sample acquired.

No, science will not develop without tests of the hypothesis because there should be an evidence
or data to be the basis for making a conclusion. There should be a subject, sample or problem
noted and be the reason for a study, through it a systematic study that will be come up.

II. Categorize each of the following as either nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio
measurements:
1. Color of the eyes-Nominal
2. Rank in the military-Ordinal
3. Student’s rating in NSAT-Interval
4. Football scores-Interval
5. Major field of specialization-Nominal
6. Emotional quotient-Ratio
7. Bank deposits-Ratio
8. Level of commitment of mayors-Interval
9. Tuition fee-Ratio
10. Classification of municipalities-Ordinal
 Republic of the Philippines
DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
OPEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
San Fernando City, La Union, 2500 Philippines
Telefax No. (072) 242-3608 / 607-5343 / 607-8324

MODULE 2

PRESENTATION OF DATA

SUMMATIVE TEST

1. The following are the scores obtained by 50 students in a 40-item test in Statistics.
Data:

11 29 26 39 37 33 22 30 27 23
34 29 28 26 30 28 20 30 23 16
25 32 36 25 32 29 36 28 29 36
28 15 0 15 20 34 23 31 33 24
28 27 33 39 37 26 31 37 20 26

a. What is the range of the scores? Range =39-0 =39

b. If the range is divided by 10 equal parts, find the size of each class interval.
39/10 =3.9 or 4

c. Construct a frequency distribution for these 50 scores.

Class Interval Frequency
0-3 1
4-7 0
8-11 1
12-15 2
16-19 1
20-23 8
24-27 9
28-31 14
32-35 7
36-39 7
N= 50
d. Set up the less than and greater than cumulative frequency distributions.
Class Interval Frequency CF< CF>
0-3 1 1 50
4-7 0 1 49
8-11 1 2 49
12-15 2 4 48
16-19 1 5 46
20-23 8 13 45
24-27 9 22 37
28-31 14 36 28
32-35 7 43 14
36-39 7 50 7
N= 50

e. How many students have scores less than 35? 43

2. a. Give an appropriate interval size for the following range of scores:

a.1 1-12=12-1=11/10=1.1 or 1
a.2 22-44=44-22=22/10=2.2 or 2
a.3 10-120=120-10=110/10=11
 Republic of the Philippines
DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
OPEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
San Fernando City, La Union, 2500 Philippines
Telefax No. (072) 242-3608 / 607-5343 / 607-8324

a.4 45-89=89-45=44/10=4.4 or 4
a.5 200-402= 202/10=20.2 or 20

b. For each of the above, give the exact upper limit, the midpoint, and the exact lower
limit.
Upper limit Midpoint Exact Lower Limit
a.1 1-12 12 5.5 1
a.2 22-44 44 11 22
a.3 10-120 120 55 10
a.4 45-89 89 22 45
a.5 200-402 402 101 200

3. The following scores were made on a 50-item test:

Data:

49 38 31 27 20 48 37 31 26 19
37 31 26 18 46 37 30 25 16 45
30 24 15 44 35 30 24 43 35 29
43 24 29 23 41 33 28 22 41 33
21 39 32 27 21 39 31 27 20 46

a. Set up a frequency distribution starting with a bottom interval of 15 to 17.

Interval Frequency
48-50 2
45-47 3
42-44 3
39-41 4
36-38 5
33-35 3
30-32 8
27-29 6
24-26 6
21-23 5
18-20 3
15-17 2
N= 50
b. Make another distribution starting with the interval 14 to 16.

Interval Frequency

14-16 2
17-19 2
20-22 5
23-25 5
26-28 6
29-31 8
32-34 3
35-37 5
38-40 3
41-43 4
44-46 4
47-49 2
 Republic of the Philippines
DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
OPEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
San Fernando City, La Union, 2500 Philippines
Telefax No. (072) 242-3608 / 607-5343 / 607-8324

c. Compare the two distributions.

The two distributions resulted in the same midpoint which is 17.5 even if it started with different
intervals.

4. A random sample of 50 students were asked whether they attend college meetings
and their responses are as follows (N=never, R=rarely, O=occasional, F=frequently).

N O R R N
R O F N R
R R O R O
N N R F N
N R O O R
R N N R R
F O O N R
N R R O N
N N R O N
R R O R N
a. Construct a qualitative frequency distribution.
Frequency
N 16
R 20
O 11
F 3

b. Graph the frequency distribution obtained by using a bar graph. (The classes on the
x-axis and the corresponding frequencies on the y-axis).

F=frequently

O=occasional

Column3

R=rarely

N=never

0 5 10 15 20 25

c. Interpret the results or the graph obtained.

The bar graph means that students rarely attend college meetings because of the results wherein
out of 50 students 20 answered rarely.
 Republic of the Philippines
DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
OPEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
San Fernando City, La Union, 2500 Philippines
Telefax No. (072) 242-3608 / 607-5343 / 607-8324

MODULE 3

MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDECY

SUMMATIVE TEST

1. Find the Mean, Median, and Mode

a. 5 6 7 11 11 15 17
Mean = 10.29

Median = 11

Mode = 11

b. 5 7 9 12 12 15 17
Mean = 11

Median = 12

Mode = 12

c. 5 7 9 10 10 15 18
Mean = 10.57

Median = 10

Mode = 10

d. 6 8 10 13 13 16 18
Mean = 12

Median= 13

Mode = 13

e. 6 9 11 14 14 16 18
Mean = 12.57

Median = 14

Mode = 14

2. Find the Mean, Median and Mode of the grouped data.

CLASS frequency x
INTERVAL FREQUENCY MIDPOINT midpoint Cumulative Frequency

40-44.1 7 42.05 294.35 7

45-49.1 10 47.05 470.5 17

50-54.1 14 52.05 728.7 31

55-59.1 17 57.05 969.85 48

60-64.1 19 62.05 1178.95 67

 Republic of the Philippines
DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
OPEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
San Fernando City, La Union, 2500 Philippines
Telefax No. (072) 242-3608 / 607-5343 / 607-8324

65-69.1 26 67.05 1743.3 93

70-74.1 20 72.05 1441 113

75-79.1 18 77.05 1386.9 131

80-84.1 13 82.05 1066.65 144

85-89.1 9 87.05 783.45 153

80-94.1 7 92.05 644.35 160

Total 160 10708

N/2 = 80

Mean = 66.925

Median = 67.05

Mode= 67.75

3. The mean of the set of measurements is 90. A constant value of 12 is added to each
measurement. What is the mean of the resulting measurements?

Resulting mean = (90*12) /12

= 90

4. Compute for the weighted mean of each of the following:

a. X₁ = 52 X₂ = 48 X₃ = 40
N₁ = 50 N₂ = 80 N₃ = 47

ΣXN = 8320 ΣN = 177

Therefore:

Weighted Mean = ΣXN /ΣN

 Republic of the Philippines
DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
OPEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
San Fernando City, La Union, 2500 Philippines
Telefax No. (072) 242-3608 / 607-5343 / 607-8324

= 8320 / 177

Weighted mean = 47.01

b. X₁ = 60 X₂ = 105 X₃ = 86
N₁ = 10 N₂ = 100 N₃ = 28

ΣXN = 13508 ΣN = 138

Therefore:

Weighted Mean = ΣXN /ΣN

= 13508 / 138

Weighted mean = 97.88

5. On a trip, a family averaged 65km/h for the first hour, 50 km/hr. for the second hour,
and 58 km/hr. for the third hour. What is their average speed?

Average speed = (65 + 50 + 58) /3 Average speed = 57.67 km/hr.