Manila (/məˈnɪlə/, Tagalog: Maynilà, pronounced [majˈnilaʔ]), Spanish pronunciation: [ma'nila] officially

the City of Manila (Tagalog: Lungsod ng Maynilà [luŋˈsod nɐŋ majˈnilaʔ]), (Spanish: Ciudad de

Manila [sju'ðað de ma'nila]) is the capital of the Philippines and a highly urbanized city. It is the most
densely populated city proper in the world as of 2019.[11] It was the first chartered city by virtue of the
Philippine Commission Act 183 on July 31, 1901 and gained autonomy with the passage of Republic
Act No. 409 or the "Revised Charter of the City of Manila" on June 18, 1949.[12] Manila,
alongside Mexico City and Madrid are considered the world's original set of Global Cities due to
Manila's commercial networks being the first to traverse the Pacific Ocean, thus connecting Asia with
the Spanish Americas, marking the first time in world history when an uninterrupted chain of trade
routes circled the planet.[13] Manila is also the second most natural disaster-afflicted capital city in the
world next to Tokyo,[14] yet it is simultaneously among the most populous and fastest growing cities in
Southeast Asia.[15]
The Spanish city of Manila was founded on June 24, 1571, by Spanish conquistador Miguel López
de Legazpi. The date is regarded as the city's official founding date; however,
a Tagalog fortified polity called Maynilà had already existed on the site, dating back as far as 1258,
from which the Spanish and English name of Manila was derived. A Spanish fortified city
called Intramuros was built directly on top of the site of old Maynilà, following the defeat of the
polity's last indigenous Rajah, Sulayman III, in the Battle of Bangkusay. Manila was the seat of
power for most of the country's colonial rulers. It is home to many historic sites, some of which were
built during the 16th century. Manila has many of the Philippines' firsts, including the first
university (1590),[16] light station (1642), lighthouse tower (1846), water system (1878), hotel (1889),
electricity (1895), oceanarium (1913),[17] stock exchange (1927), flyover (1930s), zoo (1959),
pedestrian underpass (1960),[18] science high school (1963),[19] city-run university (1965), city-run
hospital (1969), and rapid transit system (1984; also considered as the first rapid transit system in
Southeast Asia).[20]
The term "Manila" is commonly used to refer to the whole metropolitan area, the greater
metropolitan area or the city proper. The officially defined metropolitan area called Metro Manila,
the capital region of the Philippines, includes the much larger Quezon City and the Makati Central
Business District. It is the most populous region of the country, one of the most populous urban
areas in the world,[21] and is one of the wealthiest regions in Southeast Asia.[22] The city proper is
home to 1,780,148 people in 2015,[6] and is the historic core of a built-up area that extends well
beyond its administrative limits. With 71,263 people per square kilometer, Manila is also the most
densely populated city proper in the world.[6][7]
The city is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay. The Pasig River flows through the middle of
the city, dividing it into the north and south sections. Manila is made up of 16 administrative
districts: Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Port Area, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San
Andres, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa and Tondo, while it is divided
into six districts for its representation in Congress and the election of the city council members. In
2018, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network listed Manila as an "Alpha-" global city,
[23]
 in the same year, Manila is ranked seventh in economic performance globally and second
regionally (the latter situation being behind Delhi, India)[24] while the Global Financial Centres
Index ranks Manila 103rd in the world.[25]