THE CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES OF

TEACHING
GENERAL METHODS OF TEACHING (BBA-II)
SUBMITTED BY: Zunaira Tauqeer
SUBMITTED TO; Ma’am Shagufta
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION..................................................................................3
CONCEPT OF TEACHING.................................................................4
DEFINITION OF TEACHING.............................................................5
COMPREHENSIVE DEFINITION OF TEACHING........................5
OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING............................................................5
FEATURES OF TEACHING ...............................................................5
PLANNING OF TEACHING ...............................................................6
PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING.............................................................7

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INTRODUCTION

Teaching has various meanings. The teacher brings desired

changes in the behavior of the pupils by the influence of his
own personality and the pupil is influenced by following him.
The process goes on between teacher and the pupil. In this
process; the efforts of the teacher are called ‘Teaching’ and the
task performed by the pupil is termed as ‘Learning’.

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CONCEPT OF TEACHING:
Teaching is;
 The profession of a teacher,
 The act or profession of a person who teaches.
 The act or business of instructing.
 The educational process of instructing.

DEFINITION OF TEACHING:
 According to Ryburn:
“Teaching is a relationship which helps the child to develop his
powers.”
 According to Smith:
“Teaching is a system of actions to induce learning.”

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COMPREHENSIVE DEFINITION OF TEACHING:
 According to Burton:
“Teaching is the motivation, guidance, direction and
encouragement of learning.”

EXPLANATION:
This definition explains that teaching is very important for learning.
Teacher causes motivation in the learner to learn new things. It gives
direction which leads to pre-determined behavior, it also guide the
learner to develop his skills as well as it encourage the learner to acquire
maximum learning.
1. Teaching is usually associated with 3R’s ( i.e. Reading, writing
and Arithmetic)
2. Teaching is communication between two or more persons.
3. Teaching is to cause motivation to learn.

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4. Teaching is a relationship which is established among three
focal points in education (i.e. the teacher, the student and the
subject matter).

 OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING:
1. To help the pupils so that they can understand the realities properly
and may adjust in a better way.
2. Enabling the pupils to establish the contact with truth and to take
the decisions by teaching.
3. To make a pupil the best worker and the best thinker.

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4. To help gain new experiences so that pupil may perform some
constructive task.

 FEATURES / IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING:

1. Teaching is Giving Information:
There are many things that students are not familiar with and can
never know unless they are told, so by teaching they get
information.

2. Teaching is Causing to Learn:

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 Teaching helps a student to understand which makes him to learn.
A teacher is an instrument in helping a child to learn and to do
things for himself.
3. Teaching is Guidance:
Teaching is to guide the pupils to learn right things in the right
manner and at the right time.
4. Teaching is a Means of Preparation :
Teaching help the immature child develop physically,
intellectually, emotionally and spiritually to participate effectively.
5. Teaching is Motivation and Encouragement:
Teaching should encourage the child in the development of his
natural desires to work and to be active.
6. Teaching is an Art:
Teaching is an art as it implies the intelligent action of a human
being to modify an ordinary course of events. It can improve
through research.
7. Teaching helps to Adjust in the Environment:
Teaching can help a student or child to adjust himself in the
environment by socially efficient and making his contribution to
the common good.
8. Teaching is both Formal as well as Informal:
Formal teaching is deliberately planned, but Informal teaching is
carried on by the parents and community.

PLANNING OF TEACHING:
 What is meant by planning?

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 Planning is begin by writing lesson objectives that specify
what learners should know or be able to do as a result of your
lesson. Planning is done by orientation, transition and
evaluation.

 Planning a Lesson:
Lesson planning is a complex procedure which must take into
account both teaching and learning components.
 Identify Instructional Objectives:
Identifying Instructional objectives also referred to as
instructional goals, learning goals, and learning objectives.
 Preparing Instructional objectives:
Useful Instructional objectives are clear statements that
specify the knowledge, skills, or attitudes and the level of
performing.
 Farming a lesson plan:
1. Set Questions
2. Objectives
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3. Presentation of material
4. Student understanding
5. Main points
6. Follow up
 Preparing Detailed lesson plans:
Effective lesson planning begins with identifying
instructional objectives in terms of observable student
procedure.

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S T E P S IN L E S S O N P L A N N IN G

C h o o s i n g a l e s s o n t o p i c : C h o o s e a t o p i c t h a t r e la t e s
t o a p a r ti c u l a r i n s t r u c ti o n a l u n i t .

F r a m i n g l e s s o n o b j e c ti v e s : L e s s o n o b j e c ti v e s
s u c h a s k n o w le d g e , s k il l s a n d v a l u e s y o u w a n t
s t u d e n t t o a c q u ir e .

P la n n in g le s s o n c o n t e n t : T o c h o o s e
p r e s e n t a ti o n s t r a t e g i e s , t e a c h i n g m e t h o d s ,
s t u d e n t a c ti v i ti e s a n d e v a lu a ti o n t e c h n i q u e s t o
m a k e le s s o n c o n t e n t .

I d e n ti f y s p e c i fi c l e a r n i n g : T o id e n ti f y t h e l e v e l
a n d c o n d iti o n s o f s t u d e n t p e r f o r m a n c e .

S e t le v e l o f s t u d e n t p e r fo r m a n c e : T o s e t k e y fo r
d e s c r ib i n g p e r f o r m a n c e o f s t u d e n t .

S e t c o n d i ti o n s o f s t u d e n t p e r f o r m a n c e : T o m a k e o r s e t
s o m e c o n d iti o n s u n d e r w h ic h y o u r s t u d e n t s w il l p e r f o r m .

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PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING:
There are two types of Teaching principles;

General Principles Of Teaching

Psychological Principles Of Teaching

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 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
1. Principle of Motivation:
Motivation is the method which Greates pupils interest in the
Content. It means to create interest in the student for acquiring
Knowledge.
2. Principle of Activity or learning by doing:
Two types of activity are Mental and Physical. A student take
active part while learning.
3. Principle of Division:
The subject matter must be divided into some units for presenting
in certain order.
4. Principle of Revision: The subject matter taught to the pupils

should be revised by the pupils.

5. Principle of Selection: To choose the content or curriculum
according to the objectives.

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6. Principle of Planning: The teacher should ascertain the
teaching sequence and lesson-plan.
7. Principle of Recognizing Individual Differences: To
differentiate between the pupils according to intelligence, nature,
ability, interest and needs.
8. Principle of Definite Aim: Every lesson must have some
definite aim or objectives in order to make the lesson interesting
and impressive.

PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING

1. Principle of Motivation and Interest: The teacher and

Lerner are to work with interest and motivation which is an
important in teaching-learning process.
2. Principle of Recreation: The principle of recreation should be
followed in the lower classes to avoid boredom and disinterest.
3. Principle of Repetition and Exercise: The repetition and
exercise should be done in the class daily.
4. Principle of Remedial Teaching: The error in the pupils
should be identify by the teacher and they must provide remedy.
This is known as Remedial Teaching.
5. Principle of Reinforcement: Reinforcement makes the learning
process effective. Through this the lesson taught is revised.

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6. Principle of Encouraging Creativity and Self-expression:
A teacher should encourage creativity and self-expression, so that
the pupils may present their views and attitudes.

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CONCLUSION:

Thus teaching is relationship with which the pupil develops

his all the powers. Teaching is a Tri-polar process; teacher
pupil and curriculum. In broader meaning the teaching
process is the mutual exchange or relationship between the
three components.

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