Professional Documents
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PSYCH E NT
RI C U L U M D E V EL O P M
OF CUR
REPORTER#3
SANTI AGO E M 2 1 4
JONA
AT THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:
• Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Psychologists are
actively involved in studying and understanding mental processes, brain
functions, and behavior.
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Learning
Cognitivism is a learning theory that focusses on how
information is received, organized, stored and retrieved by
the mind. It uses the mind as an information processer, like a
computer. Therefore, cognitivism looks beyond observable
behavior, viewing learning as internal mental processes.
facilitate symbol.
Social learning theory suggests that social behavior is learned
by observing and imitating the behavior of others. ... While
behavioral psychology focuses on how the environment and
reinforcement affect behavior, bandura put forth that
individuals can learn behavior through observation.
Social constructivism, a social learning theory developed by Russian
psychologist Lev Vygotsky, posits that individuals are active participants in the
creation of their own knowledge. The social constructivism theory focuses
heavily upon dyads and small groups. For instance, students learn primarily
through interactions with their peers, teachers, and parents, whereas teachers
stimulate and facilitate conversation through harnessing the natural flow of
conversation in the classroom.
(Howard Gardner)
NATURE OF
LEARNING
• 1. Learning is universal. Every creature that lives learns. Man learns most. The
human nervous system is very complex, so are human reactions and so are human
acquisition. Positive learning vital for children’s growth and development.
• 2. Learning is through experience. Learning always involves some kind of
experience, direct or indirect (vicarious).
• 3. Learning is from all sides: today learning is from all sides. Children learn from
parents, teachers, environment, nature, media etc.
• 4. Learning is continuous. It denotes the lifelong nature of learning. Every day
new situations are faced, and the individual must bring essential changes in his
style of behavior adopted to tackle them. Learning is birth to death.
•5. It results in change in behavior. It is a change of behavior influenced by
previous behavior. It is any activity that leaves a more or less permanent effect on
later activity.
•6. Learning is an adjustment. Learning helps the individual to adjust himself
adequately to the new situations. Most learning in children consists in modifying,
adapting, and developing their original nature. In later life the individuals acquire
new forms of behavior.
•7. It comes about as a result of practice. It is the basis of drill and practice. It has
been proven that students learn best and retain information longer when they have
meaningful practice and repetition. Every time practice occurs, learning continues.
• 8. Learning is a relatively permanent change. After a rat wake up from his nap,
he still remembers the path to the food. Even if you have been on a bicycle for
years, in just a few minutes practice you can be quite proficient again.
• Q:
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO KNOW AND UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF LEARNE
RS?
SUMMARY:
All the theories are important to understand. When we
deciding which strategies to use, it is important to consider: