COMPLEX JOINTS

Dr. Phan Thanh Duoc & Dr. Mst. Sadia Mahzabin

TYPES OF JOINTS
 BOLTED LAP BRACKET JOINT

Maximum force acting to

Fmax furthest bolts from moment M
Fmax
rmax Fmax= Mrmax/(Σxi2+Σyi2)
M
Σ means the sum of all xi,
Rotation yi coordinates of bolts
Fmax
centre Fmax For example:
Fmax= Mrmax/(8x12+4y12+
4y22)
When the joint fails  top&bottom bolts are firstly failed
in direct shear action
 FIN PLATE JOINT
Determine the maximum bolt shear force for the web fin
plate joint from the action of moment M = 120 kNm
Σxi2 + Σyi2 = 8x702 +
4x352 + 4x1052 =
88200 mm2
rmax
Rotation
centre
Fmax =
120x0.126/0.088 =
171.4 kN
M = 120 kNm
 OTHER ACTIONS

FEd Each bolt carries the same

V action: Fed = V/n
n: number of bolts

Superposition method is
applied for combined
actions of force and
moment
 BOLTS IN TENSION
Flexible end plate joint

Tension bolts Classify as

pinned joint

Apply for
N simple
construction
M

This joint has very little moment capacity because of the

flexibility of end plate
 BOLTS IN TENSION

F1
F1 y1 F2
F1 y2 F2
M
y1 y2 F2 F2 M F1
F1/F2 = y1/y2
F F2
2
F2= F1y2 /y1
F1 F1 F1 = My1/[2(y12 + y22)]
The moment action transfers to
the bolts
For general case:
M = 2F1y1+2F2y2
Fmax = Mymax/(Σyi2)
= 2(F1y1 + F1y22/y1)
 BOLT IN TENSION

Tensile resistance of bolt in tension

F1

N
Failure cross section through As

Table 3.4
F1 = N/n (all bolts carry EC3-1-8
the same load)
k2 = 0.9

Design of tension bolt should satisfy 

 EXAMPLE 1
Calculate the resultant force acting on most extreme bolt

e Eccentric action is
transformed into:
V = 200 kN
01 concentric force V =
200 kN
M = 35 kNm
01 moment M =
Rotation 200x0.175 = 35 kNm
centre
 EXAMPLE 1
Bolt shear due to moment action
Fmax= Mrmax/(Σxi2+Σyi2)
M = 35 kNm
rmax Σxi2 + Σyi2 = 6x502 + 4x1002
= 55000 mm2
rmax= (502+1002)1/2 = 111.8 mm
Fmax= 35x0.112/0.055 = 71.3 kN

Bolt shear due to force action θ Fmax

Fv FR
Fv = V/n = 200/6 = 33.33 kN
Cos(θ) = 50/111.8 = 0.45 FR = Fmax2 + Fv2 + 2FmaxFvcos(θ) =
91.2 kN
 EXAMPLE 2
Determine the critical bolt forces
Solution:
V = 440 kN Under the action of M, bolt-
group tends to rotate around
ymax z-z axis
z z Max loaded tensile bolt:
M = 22 kNm Ft,max = Mymax/(Σyi2)
ymax = 70 + 35 =105 mm
Σyi2 = 4x1052 + 4x352 = 49000 mm2
Ft,max = 22x0.105/0.049 = 47.14 kN
Average bolt shear is: Fv, Ed =
440/8 = 55 kN
 BOLTS IN TENSION&SHEAR
The bolt resistance for both tension and shear shall
satisfy
Table 3.4 EC3-1-8

Example 3:
Determine the bolt diameter for Example 2 to satisfy the
bolt resistance for tension and shear
Using trial and error method:
Selecting bolt class 8.8, M20  fub = 800 N/mm2 , A = 245
mm2
Table 3.4 EC3-1-8
Fv,Rd = 0.6x800x245/1.2 = 98 kN
Ft,Rd = 0.9x800x245/1.2 = 147 kN 55/98 + 47.14/(147x1.4) =
0.79 < 1  OK!
 EXAMPLE 4
Examine the adequacy of bolt group for the fin plate joint in
supporting the force V = 200 kN and moment M = 40 kNm
Solution: Σxi2 + Σyi2 = 8x702 +
4x352 + 4x1052 =
V
88200 mm2
Rotation rmax
centre
M Maximum bolt shear
under action of M
FM = 40x0.126/0.0882 = 57.14 kN
 EXAMPLE 4
Average bolt shear under action of force V
Fv = V/n = 200/8 = 25 kN FM
FEd = (FM2 + Fv2 + 2FMFvcos(θ))0.5 =
74 kN
Fv
Select bolt class 8.8, M20  practical use FEd
fub = 800 N/mm2 , As = 245 mm2
Fv,Rd = 0.6x800x245/1.2 = 98 kN

FEd < Fv, Rd  OK!

 FILLET WELDS UNDER MOMENT ACTION

Stress acting on the fillet

a weld cross-section:
z σ = My/Iz  σmax = Mymax /Iz
Le
Iz = aLe3 /12
z
For the ease of calculation
M and conservative design
a ~ 1 mm Iz = Le3 /12

Le = L – 2a For not deep penetration

(EC3-1-8 clause 4.5.1) fillet weld
 EXAMPLE 5
Examine the adequacy of fillet welds for the fin plate joint in
supporting the force V = 200 kN and moment M = 40 kNm
Solution:
Bending moment acting
V on the fillet welds
MEd = Vx0.125+M
= 65 kNm
M Assuming fillet weld
height h = 8 mm
throat thickness
a = 0.7x8 = 5.6 mm
Shear force V = 200 kN
 EXAMPLE 5

Effective length of fillet welds for 1 side: FM,Ed

Le = 280 – 2x5.6 = 268.8 mm
Shear force per unit length of fillet welds Fv,Ed FEd
Fv,Ed = 200/(2x268.8x1) = 0.372 kN/mm

Normal force per unit length of fillet welds under action

of bending moment
FM,Ed = 65x103x268.8x0.5/(2x268.83/12) = 2.7 kN/mm
Resultant force for the combined actions of shear and
bending
 EXAMPLE 5

Resistance of fillet welds

FRd = 510x5.6/(0.9x1.2x1.73) = 1.53 kN/mm
Checking the adequacy of the fillet weld resistance
FEd > FRd  not OK!

Solution to satisfy the requirement?

BLOCK TEARING

Tearing block is ruptured

by both shear and
tensile failure
 BLOCK TEARING
Design resistance of block tearing is given by:
EC3-1-8, clause 3.10.2
For concentric loading

For eccentric loading

BLOCK TEARING

Typical failure modes

of block tearing

Avoid closely using many

bolts in a small area
End of joint topic