TRANSPORT OF IONS IN SOLUTION

 Conductivity of electrolyte solutions

 Strong and weak electrolyte

Jaslin Ikhsan, Ph.D.

Chemistry Ed. Department
State University of Yogyakarta
• Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan pengertian
konduktansi dan konduktivitas
• Mahasiswa dapat menghitung konduktivitas
molar larutan
• Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan hukum
pengenceran Ostwald
• Mahasiswa dapat menentukan pKa dengan
menggunakan hasil pengukuran konduktivitas
 Conductivity of Electrolyte Solution
 Ions in solution can be set in motion by applying a
potential difference between two electrodes.
 The conductance (G) of a solution is defined as the
inverse of the resistance (R):
1
G  , in units of  1
R
 For parallel plate electrodes with area A, it
follows: A
G
L
Where,
Κ: the conductivity,
L : the distance separating the plates
Units:
G → S (siemens)
R→Ω
κ → S m-1
 Conductivity of Electrolyte Solution
 The conductivity of a solution depends on the number of ions
present. Consequently, the molar conductivity Λm is used

m 
C
 C is molar concentration of electrolyte and
unit of Λm is S m2 mol-1
In real solutions, Λm depends on the concentration
of the electrolyte. This could be due to:
 Ion-ion interactions  γ  1
 The concentration dependence of conductance
indicates that there are 2 classes of electrolyte
 Strong electrolyte: molar conductivity depends
slightly on the molar concentration
 Weak electrolyte: molar concentration falls
sharply as the concentration increases
 Conductivity of Electrolyte Solution

In real solutions, Λm depends on the concentration of the

electrolyte. This could be due to:

1. Ion-ion interactions  γ  1
2. Incomplete dissociation
of electrolyte
strong electrolyte,
weak dependence of Λm on C
weak electrolyte,
strong dependence of Λm on C
 Strong Electrolyte

 Fully ionized in solution

 Kohlrausch’s law
 m  0 m  KC1/ 2
Λ0m is the limiting molar conductivity
 K is a constant which typically depends on the
stoichiometry of the electrolyte

 C1/2 arises from ion-ion interactions as estimated by the

Debye-Hückel theory.
 Strong Electrolyte

 Law of the independent migration of ions: limiting molar

conductivity can be expressed as a sum of ions contribution

0 m        ions migrate independently in

the zero concentration limit
 Weak Electrolyte
 Not fully ionized in solution
HA(aq)  H2 O(l ) H3O  (aq)  A  (aq)
(1   ) c c c
 2c 1 c
Ka  , 
 1  is degree of ionisation
1  Ka

 2 c  Ka Ka  1/ 2
 Ka Ka  4c 
c  Ka   Ka  0
2
  1 
2c 2c  K a 
 Ka  Ka  4 Ka c
2

 
Ka  4c 
1/ 2

2c   1    1
2c  Ka  
 Ka Ka  4 Ka c
2 
 
2c 2c
 Weak Electrolyte

 The molar Conductivity (at

higher concentrations) can
 m  0 m
be expressed as:
1 1
 m   0
m 
 m 0 m
 At infinite dilution, the
1 1 1
weak acid is fully  0 x
dissociated (α = 100%) m  m 
 It can be proven by the 1 1  c 
Ostwald dilution law which  0 x 1  
m  m  Ka 
allows estimating limiting
molar conductance: 1 1 c m
 0  x 0
1 1 c m  m  m Ka  m  m
0

 0 
 m  m Ka ( 0 m ) 2
 Weak Electrolyte

 The limiting molar conductance:

1 1 c m
 0 
 m  m Ka ( 0 m ) 2

Hukum Pengenceran
Ostwald

Graph to determine the limiting

value of the molar conductivity of
a solution by extrapolation to zero
concentration
Diskusi:
1. Konduktivitas molar larutan elektrolit pada 250C adalah 135,5 S
cm2 mol-1 dan konsentrasinya adalah 5,35 x 10-2 M. Hitunglah
konduktivitas larutan! (20)
2. Sel konduktivitas mempunyai elektrode bidang yang sejajar,
masing-masing luasnya 2,2 cm x 2,2 cm, dan terpisah sejauh
2,75 cm. Jika sel diisi dengan larutan elektrolit, tahanannya
adalah 351 ohm. Berapakah konduktivitas larutan? (25)
3. Pada 250C konduktivitas larutan elektrolit kuat dalam air adalah
109,9 S cm2 mol-1 untuk konsentrasi 6,2 x 10-3 M dan 106,1 S
cm2 mol-1 untuk konsentrasi 1,50 x 10-2 M. Berapakah
konduktivitas molar pembatas elektrolit tersebut? (30)
4. Konduktivitas molar 0,1000 M KCl (aq) adalah 129 S cm2 mol-1
dan tahanan terukur dalam sel konduktivitas adalah 28,44 ohm.
Tahanan itu besarnya 28,50 ohm jika sel yang sama berisi 0,1000
M NH4Cl (aq). Hitunglah konduktivitas molar NH4Cl (aq) pada
konsentrasi ini! (25)
Thank You