Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

University Putra Malaysia

EEE3132
MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY

MINI PROJECT REPORT

Automatic Plant Watering System using Arduino

(Group 3 / Tuesday)

22/May/19

.PROF. MADYA DR. WAN ZUHA BIN WAN HASAN

Names Matric numbers

ABDULRAHMAN HAJJO 191476
MOHAMMAD OMAR 195437
MOHAMMAD ELMORSI 196077
MAZIN HAMZA 191287
BAO ZHENFUL 191334

BRIEFING ABOUT THE PROJECT:

The project is to develop a system to water a planting pot or an area of plantation in full automated way.

INTRODUCTION:

It is important to take care and keep well maintenance of plant regularly. Some people might not be able
to keep up with that as they are busy or not available. Forgetting to water the plant regularly will cause
damage and harm the plant. This system introduce a full automated way to water the plant once needed.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

The economy of many countries depends on agriculture. To achieve the best quality from this project, it is
important to focus on some vital characteristics such as the appropriate amount of electricity as well as
water supply. Farmers are facing problems in meeting these standards, especially those living in poverty.
This project looks into developing an automated irrigation system that will irrigate the plant
automatically. This system will work to minimize the number of workers in a field, control and save water
and electricity, Increase agricultural production using small quantities of water, minimize manual
intervention in watering operations with increasing watering speed and preserving plants from fungi. All
these features make these project sustainable option to be considered to improve the agriculture and
irrigation efficiency.

:OBJECTIVE

 Simplify the irrigation system by installing and designing the whole irrigation system.
 Save energy, which allows the application of smart irrigation system used more other application.
 Optimize water consumption.
 Automated system fully.
 Decrease the cost of operation.

 Make system easy to use by farmers.

EQUIPMENT:

1- Arduino UNO & Genuino UNO

 2- General Purpose Transistor NPN
3- 1N4007 – High Voltage, High Current Rated Diode
4- Male/Female Jumper Wires
5- Resistor 221 ohm
6- 5v DC Motor
7- Water tube
8- Bread board
9- Soil Moisture Sensor

:METHODOLOGY

In this system, soil moisture sensor senses the moisture level of the soil. If soil will get dry then sensor
senses low moisture level and automatically switches on the water pump to supply water to the plant. As
plant get sufficient water and soil get wet then sensor senses enough moisture in soil. After which the
water pump will automatically get stopped.

A self-made water pump in this system used 5 volt DC motor. And, to reduce all these hardware
complexity, DC motor based water pump using diode, transistor and registers combined circuit which
operates DC motor according to the Arduino code.

DC motor has two leads one is positive and another one is negative. If we connect them directly to the
Arduino board then it will damage the board. To overcome this problem, NPN transistor is used to control
the switching activity of the motor according to the code.

Arduino pin 13 (named as WATERPUMP in code) is used to turn on and off the transistor. According to the
code to control the speed of the motor we need to enter a value between 0 and 255 in the Serial Monitor.
200 value used for the speed of the motor.

The soil moisture sensor consists of two leads that are used to measure volume of water content in soil.
These leads allow the current to pass through the soil and in return calculates the resistance value to
measure the moisture level. If there is more water in soil then soil will conduct more electricity, means
less resistance value along with high level of moisture. In the same manner if there is less water in soil
then soil will conduct less electricity, means high resistance value along with low level of moisture.

:FLOW CHART FOR THE PROGRAM

Start
 Measure the soil moisture

Soil moisture is dry

True False
High resistance & low level“
”of moisture

Turn on the motor Turn off the motor

Start pumping the“ Stop pumping the“

”water ”water

End

:GENERAL FLOW CHART FOR THE SYSTEM (system diagram)

 DC motor Soil moisture
MICROCONTROLLER
sensor

:SCHEMATIC CHART

A black colored wire was used for ground. A Red-colored wire for VCC and blue colored wires for Arduino
inputs. Both the input and the output were connected to PIN8 and PIN13 respectively PIN (8) input, PIN
(13) output. A digital system where used rather than analog. However, the system can be changed back to
analog by changing the word "Digital" to "Analog". In this system, soil moisture sensor senses the
moisture level of the soil. If soil will get dry then sensor senses low moisture level and automatically
switches on the water pump to supply water to the plant. As plant get sufficient water and soil get wet
.then sensor senses enough moisture in soil. After which the water pump will automatically get stopped

HARDWARE PLATFORMS:

 Arduino
Arduino is "an open-source electronics platform based totally on clean-to-use hardware and software". The
Arduino control panel programmed by Arduino c and is based on C and C ++.

 Moisture Sensor

The soil moisture sensor comprises of two tests that are utilized to the degree the volumetric substance of water.
The two tests permit the current to pass through the soil, which gives the resistance esteem to the degree the
dampness esteem. When there is water in the soil there will be less resistance and the soil will handle more power.
But if the soil is dry it conduct power weekly and needs less power and more resistance.

 Water pump

It is used in this project to pump the water needed for irrigation from the main water tank through pipes. This
pump can be used for different applications, in household include cleaning, bathing, space heating and flower of
water. This pump is selected for this project because it has good advantages. Such as, it has a lightweight. Also, it
has a small size, so it is easy to install and replace it. Furthermore, it has an enough efficiency to pump water for
irrigation. Since it operates in 12 volts, so it consumes lower power. In addition, this pump has a very Low of noise.
.Finally, the cost of this pump is very cheap

:RESULT AND DISCUSSION

After completing the plan and the collection of the components of the automatic Irrigation system, it has
met the goal. Also, all of the requirements were implemented in order to finish this automatic Irrigation
system, so that it becomes full production and finalize. After that, the system became tested, and the end
.result became as required. The system will now not work until the soil is dry and plant needs water

:CONCLUSION
With the use of this Tanique we can reduce water consumption. Moreover, no nutrition pollution is
released in the environment because of the controlled system. As a result, it recommended to use the
.system in order to have a great saving of irrigation water, stronger and healthier plants, and high yield

Challenges

Few obstacles occurred during implementing the project all which we were able to come over it. We had a
challenge in determining the suitable transistor that can handle the applied current that is flowing through, as it is
.used as a switch to control the pump motor functionality

Future work

With the result of the project first step in the future will be to transfer this project to large scale. Also to control a
large area of farms. Moreover, to create mobile application which can control data. Also we can develop this
system by using renewable energy which is solar power instead of batteries using solar energy will help to reduce
.future cost

:REFERENCES

1) Report manual.

 2) http://www.bizchip.com/170200005.pdf