MK Ultra – Cybernetic Mutation, Remote Controlled Slaves, Dragon

Soldiers and a Zombie Empire; Paint it Blue

MK Ultra – Cybernetic Mutation, Remote Controlled Slaves, Dragon

Soldiers and a Zombie Empire; Paint it Blue…
By Jack Heart & Orage

This is the definitive piece on MKUltra. It was first published on January 28, 2016 in Veterans
Today. It would be published in hardcopy by Nexus Magazine in volume 23, number 3, in the
April/May issue of 2016 and the number 4 issue for June and July.

There were thirty-three subprojects for MKUltra that to this very day are beyond top secret but
when you throw your lead bacteriologist out a thirteenth story window in front of Madison
Square Garden in a macabre demonstration of Masonic omnipotence things can be assumed.
The thirty-three secrets still protected today by the National Security Act are biological in
nature. From triggering extinction events to controlling humans through the bacteria they
consist of it has all become just another day at the office in places like Camp Detrick, Porton
Down, Edgewood and the Dugway Proving Grounds.

Allowing these latter-day sorcerers and professional poisoner’s to exist in our midst carte
blanchewill perhaps be the last mistake the human race ever makes. There was always bound
to be a COVID and it’s bound to get worse. – Jack Heart

In 1922, the great Irish novelist James Joyce published his landmark work Ulysses. It’s said
that he had been commenting on the times when he wrote “I have to turn my head until my
darkness goes.”

By 1966 in homage to that line, the iconic British rock and roll band The Rolling Stones would
plead to “see the sun blotted out from the sky.” They exhorted the empire’s children to “Paint
it Black!”

No doubt by 1944, when they saw which way the wind was blowing, the empire had already decided
to Paint it Blue, all of it. This is a story about Bluebirds and Bluebooks, Have Blue, Project Blue Beam
and a Blue Planet Project. But like every other story it has a beginning which along with its ending is
the only part that is really true...

In 1947 Andrija (Henry) K. Puharich received his medical doctorate from Northwestern University
through the Army Specialized Training Program. While he had still been in school, he had burst into
the field of cognitive science with his ground-breaking paper: Theory of Nerve Conduction. The
paper postulated that neuron units radiate and receive waves of energy in the ultra shortwave bands
below infrared and above the radar spectrum; effectively making them a biological radio, a receiver-
transmitter.

Puharich’s theory was an epiphany for José Manuel Rodriguez Delgado, who held a fellowship at Yale
at the time Puharich published and is widely believed to have been the lead technical scientist in the
CIA’s infamous MK Ultra project. About a half a decade later Delgado would co-author his first paper
on implanting electrodes into human brains. He would go on to author one hundred and thirty four
scientific publications over the next two decades on electrical stimulation of cats, monkeys and
humans.

A born showman, Delgado once had a bull with one of his patented ‘stimoceiver’s’ implanted in its
brain charge him in the middle of a bull ring in Cordoba Spain. Unperturbed, he pressed a button on
his hand-held remote control and stopped the beast in mid charge. He was an outspoken proponent of
a better world through cybernetic mind control. He even wrote a book on the subject titled Physical
Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilised Society. He was the ideal villain, while Puharich worked
from the shadows... Interning Puharich carried out experiments with drugs that were sponsored by
Sandoz Chemical Works, the pharmaceutical company that developed LSD.

During that period he was influenced by the pioneering work of Joseph Banks Rhine, the founder of
parapsychology and upon completion of his Internship Puharich studied ESP as an extension of his
work with nerve conduction at university. Always in the mood for ‘explanations’ he once remarked that
what he was “trying to establish is that the brain is an area wherein is localized the cell energy of the
body. I shall label this cell energy ‘dynamics.’ I further venture to say that transference of dynamics
from one person to another is possible.” (1) https://www.patreon.com/jackheartwriter
Puharich pointed out that it was common knowledge “that there are people who can thrill and
exhilarate one, and that there are others who simply bore and fatigue one. This implies that there is a
wireless, touchless transfer of this vital substance. If dynamics can be transferred from one organism
to another, why cannot that other function of the mind – thought, also be transferred from one mind to
another mind? It is also conceivable that dynamics not only passes freely between persons, but also
dissipates out into the atmosphere.” (2)

Animal Farm

In 1949 Puharich met Eileen Garrett, the founder of the Parapsychological Foundation in New York
City (NYC). She would introduce him to John Hays Hammond Jr, the man who would be his closest
friend for the next decade and in Puharich’s own words his “mentor.” (3)

The online encyclopedia Wikipedia hails Hammond as “The Father of Radio Control.”
That means sending signals to remote controlled devices. A product of Yale and filthy rich from birth,
Hammond passed away in 1965 at seventy-six, owning 800 foreign and domestic patents on more
than 400 inventions, primarily in the fields of radio control and naval weaponry.

By 1929 Hammond had built his own castle replete with drawbridge overlooking Gloucester Harbor in
Massachusetts. It’s now a museum offering guided tours of its legendary Roman, medieval and
renaissance art collection.

Most of the facts about MKUltra come from affidavits and testimony given to the Rockefeller
Commission, then the Church Committee and the single surviving official report that they managed to
get their hands on. The report was prepared by the Inspector General’s office in 1963 when the
surreptitious administration of drugs to unwitting test subjects in the MKUltra Program was supposedly
terminated.

The report defines MKUltra as “research and development of chemical. biological. And radiological
materials capable of employment in clandestine operations to control human behavior.” It goes on to
say “additional avenues to the control of human behavior had been designated . . as appropriate to
investigation under the MKultra charter, including radiation, electroshock. various fields of psychology,
sociology, and anthropology, graphology, harassment substances, and paramilitary devices and
materials.” (4)

Any other reliable information about MKUltra is gleaned from testimony given during senate hearings
in 1977. The hearings were prompted by the seven boxes of documents containing some eight
thousand pages that the CIA had turned up earlier that same year in response to a FOIA request.

The heavily censored documents surfaced in early 1977 even when Richard Helms, Director of the
CIA from June 30, 1966 – February 2, 1973, had ordered all documentation pertaining to MKUltra
destroyed during his tenure.
The new documents survived only due to a clerical error. They are budgetary data and give little
additional information from what had already been obtained by the Rockefeller Commission and the
Church Committee. Some surviving information pertaining to MKUltra was officially declassified in July
2001.

The legend of MKUltra began at the end of 1974, when journalist Seymour Hersh, in an article
published in the New York Times, accused the CIA of conducting experiments on American citizens
and of sundry other nefarious acts on American soil during the sixties. In the beginning of 1975,
responding to national outrage, President Gerald Ford convened The United States President’s
Commission on CIA Activities within the United States. Ford’s commission was known as the
Rockefeller Commission because it was headed by then Vice President Nelson Rockefeller.

Considering the Rockefeller Foundation’s well known relationship with Ira Einhorn, self-proclaimed
“planetary catalyst” and no doubt MKUltra poster boy, if not Puharich himself, a Rockefeller
investigation was not going to please the assorted senators and congressman who had any idea of
what had been going on.

They launched their own investigation formally titled The United States
Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with
Respect to Intelligence Activities, known simply as the Church
Committee, because it was chaired by Senator Frank Church. Admiral
Stansfield Turner served as the Director of the CIA from 1977 to 1981.
It was his job to run damage control during the reformism of the Carter
Administration. A Christian Scientist and reformist himself, he was
highly critical of the Agency’s culture of secrecy. Turner would
eventually advocate the dismantling of the CIA in the 2005 book titled
Burn Before Reading: Presidents, CIA Directors, and Secret
Intelligence.

Original file
As the acting Director of the CIA in the seventy-seven senate hearings, Turner testified that there
were “149 MKULTRA subprojects, many of which appear to have some connection with research into
behavioral modification, drug acquisition and testing, or administering drugs surreptitiously.” (5)

Seemingly lost in all the ramifications of the mind control experiments was what Turner said a few
sentences later about there also having been “thirty-three additional sub-projects concerning certain
intelligence activities previously funded under MKULTRA but which have nothing to do either with
behavioral modifications, drugs or toxins, or any closely related matter .” (6)

Turner goes on to testify that there were “eighty institutions where work was done.” The institutions
included “forty-four colleges or universities, fifteen research foundation or chemical or pharmaceutical
companies or the like, twelve hospitals or clinics, in addition to those associated with the universities,
and three penal institutions.” (7)

Seemingly, the rest of the hearings consisted of a visibly penitent Turner and his CIA entourage being
chastised by a blustering Senator Ted Kennedy and assorted other political grandstanders. As it had
been in seventy-five and seventy-six, the human experimentation, voluntary and otherwise, was
blamed on Dr. Sidney Gottlieb and the CIA’s Technical Services Staff (TSS).

Gottlieb had retired in 1972, and as it turned out, had a really bad memory. He was not in Turner’s
entourage. All Turner could do is look remorseful, as the incredulous Kennedy asked him why: “every
single document that the staff reviews has Mr. Gottlieb’s name on it, and you come to tell us that we
don’t have to worry any more, we have these other final facts, and Mr. Gottlieb has not been talked
to?” (8)

Gottlieb never would talk; guys like Gottlieb never do…

 Gottlieb – whose real name was Joseph Scheider – was a club-
footed Jew from the Bronx. His degree in chemistry was from
the California Institute of Technology, better known as Caltech;
the progenitor of Jet Propulsion Laboratories (JPL). Caltech
continues to manage and operate JPL to this very day, much in
the same way that JPL manages and operates NASA.

Gottlieb would have been attending Caltech right about the time
Jack Parsons was putting JPL together with Theodore von
Kármán, the Jewish aerodynamics genius, who fled Germany
in the early thirties to assume the Directorship of Guggenheim
Dr. Sidney Gottlieb
Aeronautical Laboratory at Caltech. Kármán was a direct
descendant of the Maharal of Prague; Judah Loew ben Bezalel, a legendary master Qabalist from the
sixteenth century.

Like Delgado, Gottlieb had been born to play his part. When he showed up at their door in 1951 at
age thirty-three seeking gainful employment as a poison expert, the CIA must have thought he had
been sent by central casting. Pale, gaunt and expressionless, Gottlieb could have taught Peter Lorre a
thing or two about creepy. If he had been born a decade or two earlier he would have been sitting in
Rosie Gold’s candy store at the corner of Saratoga and Livonia Ave in Brooklyn, playing cards while
fingering the ice pick in his pocket, waiting for an assignment from Murder Incorporated.

According to Wikipedia, Gottlieb was known in the TSS as the “Black Sorcerer” and the “Dirty
Trickster.” Others say he was known affectionately as ‘The Gimp,’ by friends he didn’t kill. When he
retired, he became very elusive and for a while ran a leper colony in India with his wife. He died in
1999, spending the final years of his life caring for terminal patients at a hospice.

Earlier, during the Rockefeller Commission and Church Committee, what the CIA could not blame on
Gottlieb, they had blamed on Dr. Ewen Cameron. Cameron was a fanatical anglophile and
Scotchman. He was in attendance at the Nuremberg Trails and had a pathological hatred of Germans,
which he justified through his pseudoscientific theories. In his 1948 book Life is For Living, Cameron
advocated preventing Germans from having children, or rising to any kind of position of authority
because they were genetically and culturally predisposed to war.

Ironically enough, considering the charges that have been leveled against National Socialism,
Cameron’s ideas were based on Eugenics. Cameron envisioned an Anglo-empire free of Germans
and strictly regulated by Behavioral science. His “Psychic Driving” techniques, in order to produce
personality splits, redefine torture as a fine art. He is described as an enthusiastic sadist and general
practitioner of every imaginable manner of medical malevolence by anyone who had ever watched
him ‘work,’ let alone came under the misfortune of being in his ‘care.’

Cameron was actually quite insane himself and considering Operation Paper Clip must have been a
big hit in CIA social circles. When he died abruptly in 1967, climbing a mountain, making him an ideal
fall guy, an autopsy probably should have been done.

Much of what was obtained through the FOIA had been blackened out, and Turner refused to
name at least twenty-one of the institutions and many of the names of the individual
researchers involved in MKUltra.

He cited Exemption 3 of the FOIA – which stipulates that the agency does not have to disclose
“matters that are . . . specifically exempted from disclosure by statute . . . provided that such statute . .
. refers to particular types of matters to be withheld.” The CIA contended that the information
requested fell under Exemption 3, 102(d) (3) of the National Security Act of 1947, which states that
“the Director of Central Intelligence shall be responsible for protecting intelligence sources and
methods from unauthorized disclosure.” (9)

The legal wrangling continued well into 1985, when the Supreme Court would finally make a decision
in the CIA v. SIMS No. 83-1075. The court said “We hold that the Director of Central Intelligence
properly invoked 102(d) (3) of the National Security Act of 1947 to withhold disclosure of the identities
of the individual MKULTRA researchers as protected ‘intelligence sources.’

We also hold that the FOIA does not require the Director to disclose the institutional affiliations of the
exempt researchers in light of the record which supports the Agency’s determination that such
disclosure would lead to an unacceptable risk of disclosing the sources’ identities.” (10)

Factoring in the Supreme Court decision it can safely be concluded that the CIA’s internal memoranda
on MKUltra have remained undisclosed to this day, except for the ones they want disclosed.

In an internal memorandum to the Director, released with the FOIA documents in seventy-seven, the
CIA evaluates the documentation itself as harmless. David S. Brandwein, the then Director of the
TSS, crows to his Director that there was nothing in the “newly located files that would indicate the
MKULTRA activities were more extensive or more controversial than indicated by the Senate Select
(Church) Committee Report. If anything, the reverse is true.” (11) A smug Brandwein then goes on in
the memo to urge his Director to “Release appropriately sanitized material”, first to the Senate then to
the lawyers. (12)

Alfred W. McCoy — acknowledged by Wikipedia and practically everyone else as the world’s leading
authority on “underworld crime syndicates and international political surveillance” — is adamant that
the CIA deliberately misdirected the attention of the MKUltra investigations to its most “ridiculous”
programs. In McCoy’s opinion, this was done in order distract unwanted scrutiny of the project’s
primary focus, which he feels were torture techniques. (13)

Regardless of its true intentions, what does appear to have been spoon-fed by the CIA to those
inquiring about MKUltra is the impression of intelligence operatives behaving like frat boys on Easter
Vacation. The premise is that professional spies, the best in the world, many with decades of service
in war zones, were indiscriminately dosing each other and everyone else in their vicinity with their
brand new toy from Sandoz Laboratory’s; LSD. Just a classic case of Spooks Gone Wild and boys will
be boys…
Initially everybody in the TSS was required to take LSD. Two agents would administer the drug to
themselves, then they would sit in a closed room and each would take notes on how the drug affected
the other. This quickly progressed to agent’s surreptitiously dosing each other’s morning coffee.

Fort Detrick

One agent is known to have run down DC Streets screaming in terror as he fled the monsters he saw
in every car. But by far the most notorious case was the strange death of Dr. Frank Olson. (14) In the
early morning hours of November 28, 1953 Olson, a bacteriologist and biological warfare specialist out
of Camp Detrick [Fort Detrick] and deployed into the MKUltra project by way of the TSS, plunged from
the thirteenth floor of the Hotel Statler splattering on the pavement below like a bug on a car
windshield. The macabre spectacle, perhaps a statement, played out right in front of Madison Square
Garden in midtown Manhattan. He was under the supervision of his TSS Deputy Director Robert
Lashbrook, who was the only one in the room when local authorities arrived. He had been sharing the
room with Olson.

Lashbrook claimed to have been sleeping when Olson took the

 plunge. When the hotel manager, who got up to the room first, told
Lashbrook his friend was now a stain on the pavement outside,
Lashbrook went to the telephone, rang a number and said “Olson’s
gone.” He then hung up went into the bathroom and sat on the toilet
with his head in his hands.

Frank Rudolph Olson
Olson, as the story would eventually turn out, had been slipped
some LSD by then TSS Director Gottlieb at a meeting in a Maryland
farmhouse nine days earlier. Olson suffered a nervous breakdown.
Absurdly enough Lashbrook then took him to New York City to get
treatment from Dr. Harold Abramson, an allergist and pediatrician,
who worked for the CIA…

Not at all surprisingly the death was ruled a suicide. When the incident was brought to public attention
by the Rockefeller Commission in seventy-five, perhaps as a compensatory exercise, Olson’s family
was invited to the White House for a personal apology from President Ford and given 750,000 dollars,
(15) the maximum amount allowable under United States law.

In 1988 the CIA would pay Cameron’s Canadian victims the same sum. That money was released
over the objections of Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney’s rabidly conservative government
which seemingly had every intention of dragging it out in the Canadian courts until the litigants died of
old age. CIA director William Webster is quoted as saying “Sometimes you see the right thing to do,
and you do it.” (16)

The cash wasn’t good enough for Olson’s son who in the mid-nineties, after his mother died, had his
father’s body exhumed and autopsied. The autopsy was performed by Dr. James Starrs, Professor of
Law and Forensic Science at The National Law Centre, George Washington University. Contrary to
the original medical report, Starrs found no cuts and abrasions on the body as would have been
caused by diving through a window. (17) What Starrs did find was a hematoma on the left side of
Olson’s skull which he speculated was caused by a hammer, the same hammer that would have been
used to break the window in preparation for Olson’s early morning flying lesson. He concluded that the
forensics were “rankly and starkly suggestive of homicide.” (18)
 50ies newspaper headline

Olson got his Ph.D. in Bacteriology in 1938 by way of the University Of Wisconsin (UW). Afterwards
he served as a captain in the Army Chemical Corps. Those who now serve in the Chemical Corps are
called Dragon Soldiers, after its blue and gold regimental insignia approved in 1986 to replace the old
one of a cobalt blue enamel benzene ring superimposed over two crossed gold retorts. The old one
had been in service since WWI. The new regimental insignia is emblazoned with the Latin motto
Elementis Regamus Proelium: “Let us rule the battle by means of the elements.” The bottom left hand
corner of the insignia depicts a gnarled tree stump such as those found in the no man’s lands of WW I
battlefields. The top right hand corner depicts the rampant chlorine breathing Green Dragon of
Alchemists from which the dragon soldiers take their name. (19)

By 1943, Olson was a civilian. It was as a civilian that he was recruited by Ira Baldwin to work in the
Army Biological Warfare Laboratories at Camp Detrick. Baldwin had been Olson’s departmental
advisor at UW and was working closely with the military and George W. Merck to establish a top
secret biological weapons program for America.

Merck, an alumnus of Harvard, was the son and heir of Friedrike Merck who emigrated from Germany
in 1891 to establish E. Merck and Company on 62 Wall Street. Before WWI, E. Merck and Company
was a subsidiary of the German chemical colossus Merck KGaA. After ten years Olson was the Army
Biological Warfare Laboratories senior bacteriologist. Sometime during all this he became an
employee of the CIA in the TSS. (20)

The official story of Olson’s death was vague, to say the least. The CIA even gave him a closed
casket funeral ostensibly because his head was so badly lacerated. Lashbrook, though in attendance
at the funeral, never even bothered to tell Olson’s family that he was actually in the room on the night
Olson exited through the window. (21)

From 1950 to fifty-three, Olson had been commuting regularly to England, collaborating with British
microbiologists at Porton Down. Near Salisbury in Wiltshire, Porton Down is England’s real life answer
to fictions Frankenstein’s Castle. (22) There the empire’s homegrown mad scientists played with their
newest toys acquired as dividends from the Third Reich in the aftermath of WWII. Among this treasure
of horrors was; tabun, sarin and soman; at the time the most lethal nerve agents known to man.

During his time with them, Olson witnessed the British carry on what the CIA not so
euphemistically dubbed “terminal experiments.”

In at least one known case the British murdered one of their own soldiers, an unwitting volunteer who
thought he was participating in research to cure the common cold. According to witnesses, he died
horribly frothing at the mouth and contorting in agony like a slug doused with salt. They were
attempting to ascertain just how much of the German nerve agents it would take to kill a man… (23)

Olson reported the disturbing impressions left on him by what he had seen at Porton Down to Harley
Street psychiatrist; Dr. William Sargant, the finest psychiatrist in all England. Of course Sargant was
also under the auspices of British Intelligence. Sargant, in his capacity as an operative for MI 6,
dutifully assessed Olson as a security risk right then and there. (24)
Sometime in the summer of fifty-three Olson took one of his frequent trips to Germany. What he saw
there changed him, spooked him real bad… The people who knew him said he was a changed man
when he got back to England. He could no longer go on in the capacity of senior bacteriologist in the
MKUltra Program. He went back to Sargant and told him he wanted out of the CIA. Sargant, ever the
loyal soldier of empire, immediately reported Olson to his MI 6 handler. (25

It’s a foregone conclusion that Olson was a dead man walking after that.

Olson, obviously not a diplomat, had been issued a diplomatic passport back in April of 1950. This
enabled him to carry pouches that were not subject to customs searches. It has recently been
insinuated by Annie Jacobsen in her book, Operation Paperclip, that Olson had been taking full
advantage “flying to Frankfurt and making the short drive out to Camp King.” There, according to
documents obtained through the FOIA and interviews with Olson’s former partner Norman Cournoyer,
Olson as an agent of empire used “unconventional interrogation techniques on Soviet prisoners.” (26)

It has always been assumed, because the CIA has always insinuated, that Olson was using mind
altering drugs in terminal experiments on Soviet spies captured by the Gehlen Organization the
forerunner and progenitor of Germany’s federal intelligence agency Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND).
But Olson would have been acting under the instructions of the former Deputy Surgeon General of the
Third Reich; the notorious Dr. Kurt Blome. (27) Blome’s war time field of expertise was well known to
be bacteriology.

Over and over again in what has become the academically orthodox lore of MKUltra there is the
repetitive theme of “Acid Dreams.” (28) It’s well documented that LSD was used at Camp King but
there were other far more nefarious and terrible things taking place there and being transplanted back
into the empire by the personnel of Porton Down, Camp Detrick and Edgewood…

Olson was a bacteriologist, the senior one in the program. If anybody was dosing personnel with LSD
at that high a level for the CIA at that time it would have been Puharich, their premier expert on those
matters. By early 1953, Puharich had been “redrafted,” after presenting a paper to the Pentagon about
clairvoyance on behalf of Essentia Research Associates. He was serving at the rank of Captain out of
the Army Chemical Center in Edgewood in Maryland.

Edgewood Arsenal, part of Aberdeen Proving Ground, is one of the most secret military bases in
America and has been for a very long time. The high and foreboding fence stretching around its
approximately thirteen thousand acres attests to that right from the first impression. It is the
playground of the Army Chemical Corps. Located in a secluded area on the Chesapeake Bay it is
twenty miles out of Baltimore and just about seventy from Camp Detrick.

All through the late forties and the fifties Edgewood, through Operation Paperclip, was the
destination for an eclectic assortment of the Reich’s most malevolent mad scientists.

Paperclip alumni

Much of the human experimentation for MKUltra was taking place there under the orchestration of Dr.
Ray Treichler, assistant director of Edgewood’s Medical Laboratories and an employee of the TSS. Dr.
Harold Abramson the allergist who is on record as being Olson’s “therapist” in NYC and as it would
turn out flight instructor, was working out of Edgewood. (29)

Ira Einhorn – now convicted of Holly Maddux’s murder and doing life – insists Puharich, his onetime
mentor and benefactor, was Gottlieb or the Gimps go-to guy on hallucinogenics. Einhorn now claims
Puharich was involved up to his neck in Olson’s terminal pre dawn flying session. (30)

Not even the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA)

charged during Paperclip and Project 63 with bringing National
Socialist scientists to America at all costs could get Dr Kurt
Blome in. Hollywood could not have invented a better evil Nazi
genius. Blome actually bragged to Alsos Agents how he had
intended to let the Soviets have it with the Bubonic Plague
under a 1943 directive from Heinrich Himmler that planned to
ignore Adolph Hitler’s moratorium on biological and chemical
weapons in the Third Reich. The Soviets overrunning Blome’s
lab before he could get it going was the only thing that stopped
him.

Dr. Kurt Blome

It was a matter of public record and still is that Blome directed all manner of atrocities against the
Poles while experimenting with biological warfare behind Hitler’s back on the eastern front. Blome’s
method of treating Poles incapacitated by tuberculosis was to kill them. At times, he had even used
the Plague to ‘euthanize’ those that were too sick to work in the camps.

Yet Blome was acquitted of all charges at his 1947 Nuremberg trial, and two months later, four
representatives from Camp Detrick and the CIA’s biological warfare program showed up in Germany
to interview him. What he told them about biological warfare no doubt made them swoon, but because
of the statements he had made to Alsos he was “inadmissible for immigration” to America. Instead
after all legal wrangling failed; Blome was put to work in 1951 for the Army Chemical Corps as the
lead doctor at Camp King. (31)

To this very day the CIA routinely gives the Glomar Response to FOIA requests for documentation
about what Blome told the agents from Camp Detrick and exactly what he was overseeing for the
Army Chemical Corps at Camp King. (32)
After lengthy legal battles in 1976, the U.S. District Court of Appeals upheld the CIA’s right to answer
journalist Harriet Phillippi’s FOIA request for information about the research ship Glomar Explorer by
simply saying that “it can neither confirm nor deny the existence of the requested documents.” The
CIA now makes standard use of this sentence to legally brush off FOIA requests to which it doesn’t
want to comply, without invoking Exemption 3, 102(d) (3) of the National Security Act.

It’s known from an April 18, 1944 entry in the diaries of the executed Wolfram Sievers;
Reichsgeschäftsführer or managing director of Ahnenerbe that Blome was carrying out experiments in
neutron radiation. An April 26, 1944 entry shows Blome was also contemplating human
experimentation with bacterial pathogens although it doesn’t say what pathogens nor does it give any
details as to exactly what Blome was doing with the neutron radiation. (33)

But it is known that during his interview with the agents from Camp Detrick, Blome recommended the
use of Serratia marcescens; an Enterobacteriaceae as is Yersinia pestis the bacterial pathogen that
causes the Bubonic Plague and a perennial favorite of Blome. (34)
In September of 1950, a navy minesweeper drifted silently a couple of miles off the coast of San
Francisco for six days. It sprayed clouds of Serratia marcescens into the city’s fabled fog, both
mingled together and rolled inland to saturate its unsuspecting residents.

Dubbed Operation Sea Spray by the Navy and labeled a ‘vulnerability test’, this first recorded
excursion into madness by America’s armed forces is little known until this day. A week later, eleven
patients were being treated in Stanford University Hospital for severe urinary tract infections resistant
to all known antibiotics. One would die when the S marcescens colonized his heart. (35)

The Navy, quite pleased with itself, would reckon it had infected not only all of San Francisco but
Albany, Berkeley, Daly City, Colma, Oakland, San Leandro, and Sausalito too. It estimated that some
eight hundred thousand residents, many of them the most important people in the West’s burgeoning
defense industry, each inhaled millions of the insidious bacteria throughout the testing period. (36)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Vpb1WaAXto
A 1951 report reads: “It was noted that a successful BW [biological warfare] attack on this area can be
launched from the sea, and that effective dosages can be produced over relatively large areas.” (37)
In a recently declassified 1952 navy training film, the Navy is shown enthusiastically attacking the
coast of San Francisco with what it laments to be “a rather crude spraying system.” (38)

Later in the same film, the navy uses “fluorescent tracer particles” to attack the southeast coast of the
United States by sea; covering what it estimated to be some twenty-thousand square miles of inland
Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina by taking advantage of favorable wind conditions off the
coast. (39)

Fluorescent tracer particles were a euphemism, at the time being used by America and
England, for zinc cadmium sulphide. Cadmium had been classified by both the British and
Americans as a chemical weapon since WWII.

They were just getting started. In 1962 the Kennedy Administration, acting on a directive issued in
January of sixty-one by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, authorized America’s Department of
Defense (DoD) to launch Project 112; a comprehensive and highly classified ‘testing’ program that
over fifty years later Americans still know nothing about.

Project 112, along with its spinoff Project SHAD (Shipboard Hazard and Defense), officially authorized
the ghouls at Camp Detrick and their dragon soldier counterparts to attack their own comrades in
arms and the very citizens they were supposed to be protecting with chemical and bacteriological
weapons; euphemistically called simulates.

The project was run in conjunction with similar ones being carried out throughout the length and
breadth of the empire from Canada to Australia, and from America to Great Britain. Unbeknownst to
the enlisted sailors aboard them, at least thirteen American warships were exposed by simulated
attack to both chemical and biological weapons under Project Shad alone.
The DoD never publicly considered let alone acknowledged the long term consequences to the health
of the sailors onboard those ships. In fact the existence of Project 112 and Project SHAD were
categorically denied by the military until May 2000, when a CBS Evening News investigative report
exposed them.

The ‘tests’ were global, with much of Project SHAD taking place in the South Pacific, but they were
coordinated and orchestrated by the Army Chemical Corps operating out of the Deseret Test Center at
Fort Douglas, Utah. Administrative support came from the Dugway Proving Ground, about 80 miles
away, bypassing the usual Defense Department channels and reporting directly to the Joint Chiefs of
Staff and US Cabinet consisting of the Secretary of Defense, Secretary of State and to a far lesser
extent the Secretary of Agriculture. Deseret Test Center was in operation from 1962-1973.

‘Simulation experiments’ on American citizens would continue officially till 1966. In all likelihood, the
carnage continued till 1969, when President Nixon theoretically put an end to it with a presidential
order, which “unequivocally” halted germ warfare research and the stockpile of biological agents.

Until 1966, America’s armed forces are known to have biologically and chemically attacked its own
citizens at least 239 times in eight American cities, among them New York City the world’s financial
center… (40)

Not to be outdone by the antics of the colonies, Great Britain’s Ministry of Defense (MoD)
unleashed the madmen of Porton Down right into their own living room.

One sixty page report alone issued at the turn of the twenty-first century lists a hundred such attacks –
always euphemistically called experiments – by the MoD on British citizens. In the Fluorescent Particle
Trials from 1955 to 1963 residents of Cornwall were bombed by air and Somerset sprayed by truck,
like mosquitoes, with zinc cadmium sulphide, a known cause of lung cancer. (41)

At the same time the British were carrying on the Fluorescent Particle Trials, America was performing
the Large Area Coverage ‘experiments’ known as Operation LAC and carried out from the end of 1957
into 1958. This time, the Army Chemical Corps used a C119 or flying boxcar borrowed from the air
force to make repetitive runs over America’s heartland, saturating most of the US and a good part of
Canada with zinc cadmium sulphide. (42)

From 1961 to 1968 during England’s Large Area Coverage Trials, more than a million people along
the south coast of England, from Torquay to New Forest, were attacked by sea with e.coli and bacillus
globigii, said to be mimics of anthrax. In a joint effort with their American counterparts British scientists
sprayed the hapless residents of South Dorset from 1971-1975 with “massive quantities of serratia
marcescens.” (43)

There is every reason to believe Blome’s little pet was also the bacterium of choice in The Sabotage
Trials, which took place from fifty-two to sixty-four. On the flimsiest of excuses, again to check target
vulnerability, government buildings and the London subway system including the one under Whitehall
were targeted and attacked with bacterial ‘markers’ by the lunatics from Porton Down. (44)

The few in the West that are aware of America and England’s environmental modifications in the thirty
years following WW II and are not clinically insane are being told Serratia marcescens produces a
bright reddish-orange tripyrrole pigment called Prodigiosin, which makes it easy to track when used as
a marker in bacteriological warfare tests. Most of the literature available to the public tells them that
prior to the fifties, S marcescens was considered a harmless nonpathogenic “saprophyte.” (45)

This is nonsense, as by 1896 it was already known in Germany that the “organism contributed
to more deaths than many pathogenic bacteria.” (46)

Blome very well may have been using Serratia marcescens as a marker on enemy troop formations
and experiments with captured Soviets and Poles, but he would never have recommended it to be
used as such by his new benefactors within their own borders on their own citizens.

Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacterium. That means, simply, the mesh like layer called
Peptidoglycan, encasing the cell’s plasma membrane, will not retain the crystal violet stain used in the
Gram staining test after being washed with alcohol. Gram-positive bacteria has a much thicker
Peptidoglycan layer which constitutes around 90% of its dry weight as opposed to only about 10% in
Gram-negative bacteria.

Gram-positive bacteria is more sensitive to ionizing radiations than Gram-negative bacteria, (47)
making it far less likely to survive Radiation Mutagenesis; a process by which the genetic information
of the bacteria is changed through exposure to ionizing radiations. (48)

In the case of neutron radiation, a form of indirect ionizing radiation which Blome was no doubt
treating his pets with, it causes radiation enhanced diffusion. Over time in inorganic substances such
as zirconia, urania, spinels, pyrochlores, and silicon carbide; ceramics used in the construction of
particle accelerators and reactors, enhanced diffusion leads to what is called ‘Microstructural
Evolution.’ (49)

What is above board about Microstructural Evolution, which is really very little, is that the Office of
Naval Research (ONR) is handing out the choicest of government grants to the most gifted of atomic
scientists who chose to work in that field.

Called 3-D printing or additive manufacturing by the ONR it is the technology depicted by Puharich
disciple Gene Roddenberry in his landmark television series Star Trek. Instead of building, say a
propeller as the ONR does in its explanation, by subtracting material, as is done in machining;
material is layered on by fusing it together at the atomic level. (50)

In Star Trek, when Scotty needs a new part for his warp drive, he simply punches a bar code into the
ship’s computer and the part is waiting for him a few hours later, built from atoms by the computer.
According to Roddenberry this technology is at least 250 years in the future but the ONR is far more
optimistic. Besides anticipating near future “dividends both in the marketplace and as cultural
modification” they are predicting that “the next 30 years will see a dramatic increase in our ability to
create parts on demand.” (51)
 Beam me up, Scotty

Roddenberry – who aside from his relationship with the ever-dubious Puharich – was also taking
advice on his scripts from the perhaps even more dubious, if that’s possible, Rand Corporation... (52)

This did not begin in the bowels of the now forever sealed underground citadels of National Socialism,
although no doubt that is where its metathesis took place. It all began at the University of Wisconsin
almost a decade before WW II, ostensibly before another world war was even a gleam in anyone’s
eyes. The original bacterial strains were brought from UW to Camp Detrick by Baldwin. In all
likelihood UW is also responsible for transporting its little prize across the ocean to Porton Downs.
(53)

The army has destroyed all records of what it was doing at Camp Detrick from 1942–1955 and
anybody who could say is conveniently dead. But a note found in the archive of Baldwin’s papers,
dated February 19, 1943, contained an order from a Dr. Fildes for a batch of B. subtilis spores. Sir
Paul Fildes was the lead bacteriologist in the British Biological Weapons program.

The empires original bacteria of choice was apparently B. subtilis var. niger, what they were calling
“red strain.” (54) This is just a misnomer in the taxonomic classification, perhaps deliberate. The name
of the bacteria is most appropriately B. atrophaeus var. globigii, the closest known relative of Bacillus
subtilis. (55)

B subtilis is also called grass bacillus because it is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of
ruminants like cattle; an animal that in America for the last fifty years has been turning up with
alarming frequency dead and surgically mutilated. Nobody has ever been caught doing it and the
animals usually have their blood, various internal organs and their anuses removed…

B subtilis is referred to by Wikipedia as “one of the bacterial champions in secreted enzyme

production.” Outside a barrage of extremely complicated microbiology tests and the fact that it
will not readily swap DNA with it, the ‘military strain’ can only be distinguished from B. subtilis
by its black color, reminiscent of the sentient “oil” in the X Files…

In lieu of the facts information available to the public would have them believe that the empire was
searching for a suitable bacterium to be used as a marker for Bacillus anthracis so they could run field
experiments. Nothing could be more absurd.

B anthracis is a pop gun. It was used by the Japanese against the Chinese in Manchuria during the
Thirties and early Forties with little to no effect. It is deadly to animals, not humans. Just like Blome,
whom they were exchanging information with, the Japanese found the plague to be far more effective.
(56)

By 1944, B anthracis could already be treated with Penicillin. (57) In fact Fildes had done live testing
with it on the island of Gruinard, located off the northwest coast of Scotland, in forty-two and forty-
three. He had five million cattle cakes laced with B anthracis and ready to be dropped on Germany. It
was estimated the cakes would kill 30% of Germany’s cattle. (58)

But Fildes never did get to drop his anthrax cattle cakes on the Germans. No doubt allied high
command knew very well that Blome would have gleefully responded, this time with Hitler’s blessing,
by using the plague to kill more than 30% of Great Britain’s people…

The forensic evidence used by bacteriologists to pinpoint the taxonomy of the Camp Detrick strain
indicates the bacteria was mutated over and over again at Camp Detrick, Porton Down, Edgewood
and the Dugway Proving Grounds. (59)

The best bacteriologists America and Britain had to offer were working night and day on this. After the
war the CIA would end up tossing its own senior bacteriologist, Frank Olsen, out a window right in
front of Madison Square Garden to maintain secrecy. During the war, the empire was in the middle of
a life and death struggle with National Socialism. Its Biological Weapons Program was just as
important as the Manhattan Project, if not more so. They were looking for a weapon that would win.

It’s a documented fact that the empires bacteriologists were cultivating strains that exhibited elevated
rates of sporulation. (60) When certain types of bacteria, almost exclusively Gram positive, are unable
to tolerate their environment and they have exhausted every option to adapt they produce
endospores.
 Sporulation - Nature Reviews

The bacterium divides within its cell wall. One side then absorbs the other. What is left is an almost
indestructible multilayered vessel containing the genetic material, cytoplasm, necessary enzymes and
whatever else it needs to sustain activity that is now ten million times slower than the metabolic rate of
a growing bacterium. When the mother cell dies, the cell wall degrades and the endospore is freed.
This is called sporulation. When conditions become more hospitable the endospore, not completely
dormant, senses the change and reverses the process transforming itself back into a vegetative cell.
(61)

No one knows how long bacteria can survive as endospores. Claims have been made for the revival
of endospores that are forty million years old. (62) B. subtilis is the undisputed world champion of
sporulation…

Bacteriologists have always considered gram negative bacteria incapable of sporulation because it
lacked the hard outer shell necessary to produce endospores. But recently wastewater from a sewage
treatment tank in Saku, Japan was analyzed and found to contain an endospore-forming bacterium
that produced S marcescens signature red pigment Prodigiosin. (63)

The bacterium was also able to hydrolyze cooked meat; in other words decompose it and split it into
other compounds by reacting with water. These are tell-tale indications that it is S marcescens, but
endospores have never been found before in any Serratia. They are characteristic of Bacillus which is
always present in abundance in sewage treatment tanks, (64) particularly B subtilis, which is used to
normalize the pH of wastewater.

Using S. marcescens and B. subtilis as controls comparison tests were run and the mysterious
bacterium was found to be a new subspecies of S. marcescens; dubbed KREDT. This is the first
recorded instance of an Enterobacteriaceae, the large family of extremely dangerous pathogens to
which both S. marcescens and Yersinia pestis belong, ever producing endospores. It is believed that
due to the presence of high concentrations of magnesium and silicate in the treatment water the S.
marcescens was able to swap genes with the Bacillus (65)

B subtilis may well be one of the bacterial champions in secreted enzyme production, but as Blome
well knew, it’s not even playing in the same league as S. marcescens.

S. marcescens is the pinkish oily film that appears in bathrooms that aren’t disinfected regularly.
Wherever there is moisture, suitable temperatures and a lack of fresh air, no matter how extreme
other environmental conditions, S. marcescens will not only survive, it will grow. It has been found
flourishing in disinfectant, antiseptics, double distilled water and human blood. (66)

When growing in temperatures above 98o Fahrenheit, S. marcescens is pale white. When its nutrient
requirements are met, the intensity of the red pigmented prodigiosin in individual cells is regulated by
population density, making the prodigiosin itself what microbiologists call an autoinducer.

In bacteria autoinducers regulate the way genes are expressed. It is believed that Bacteria use
autoinducers the same way insects use pheromones. Both constitute a language expressed
through chemical manipulation at a molecular level by which the communal intelligence of a
hive or colony is coordinated. Science refers to this as Quorum Sensing.
Dozens of scholarly papers have been written on S. marcescens use of prodigiosin as a means of
quorum sensing. Dozens more have been written about the uses of quorum sensing in robotics. All
the way back in 2006 a hundred and four page presentation was delivered at the Bio Micro and
Nanosystems Conference in San Francisco titled “Swarm intelligence for cooperation of bio-nano
robots using quorum sensing.” (67)

Pathogens have been known to hijack their host’s body through the molecular manipulation of
chemicals. In a most extreme case the fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sometimes referred to as
the Zombie fungus turns its host, an ant, into a zombie that lives only to serve the life cycle of its
parasite. The ant leaves its life with its colony in the tree to live in the dank dark places of the
rainforest floor as if it were a fungus. Finally it crawls up and out on a branch, clasps its mandibles to a
leaf and dies as the fungus bursts through its head and spores.

In the case of the parasitic worms Spinochordodes tellinii and Paragordius tricuspidatus, they force
their cricket or grasshopper host to leap into a body of water and drown. The worm then emerges from
the insects floating corpse to swim away and find a mate. Studies of P. tricuspidatus have shown that
it produces effector molecules that manipulate the cricket’s central nervous system. S. tellinii
reproduces proteins used in the insects signaling pathways. These chemical signals by which the
parasite hijacks the body of its host are called mimetic molecules. (68)

Scientific studies have shown mosquitoes carrying Plasmodium falciparum, the parasitic protozoa that
causes malaria, not only exhibit heightened predatory senses, but are three times as likely to be
attracted to human odors. (69)

Toxoplasma gondii is the parasitic protozoon that causes toxoplasmosis; a disease found all over the
world. Estimates suggest that over 30% of the world’s human population is infected. T gondii has been
shown to alter behavior in infected rodents, its intermediate host which it uses as a vector, in order to
increase the rodents’ chances of being eaten by a cat, its target host and the only animal in which it
can sexually reproduce. Infected rodents lose all fear of cats, their greatest natural predator.
In humans, infection by T gondii is held in check by the immune system and Toxoplasmosis is
usually asymptomatic. But studies have shown a strong correlation between schizophrenia
and the disease. Some studies have shown that women with toxoplasmosis are more likely to
cheat on their husbands, men more likely to be aggressive, with slower reaction times for both
sexes. (70)

Bacteria may be even more subtle in the manipulation of its host. Subtilis in Latin means to be finely
spun, to be exact; to be minutely thorough, strict and precise. Bacteriologists now suspect that the
microbiota in people’s stomachs may actually dictate behavior patterns in their human hosts that will
more likely result in the bacteria getting their required nutrients. (71)

Citations

1 – Coppens, Phillip. “Chapter 1. A Man for All Psychics.” The stargate conundrum The US
Government’s secret pursuit of the psychic drug.

2 – Ibid.

3 – Ibid.

4 – “Interim Report of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments” Appendix, pp. E-1.1
to 1.6, page 240 (as per PDF).

5 – “TESTIMONY OF ADM. STANSFIELD TURNER, DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE,”

page 21 (as per PDF).

6 – Ibid.

7 – Ibid, page 23.

8 – Ibid, page 65.

9 – US Supreme Court. CIA v. SIMS. FindLaw, April 16, 1985, Web.

10 – Ibid.
11 – “Senate MKUltra Hearing: APPENDIX B, Documents Referring To Discovery Of Additional
MKULTRA Material, page 147 (as per PDF), paragraph 3.

12 – Ibid, page 148, paragraph 7.

13– McCoy, Alfred (2006). A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation from the Cold War to the War on
Terror. New York: Metropolitan Books. pp. 8, 22, 30.

14 – Lee, M. A., Shlain, B. (1985). Acid Dreams, the Complete Social History of LSD: the CIA, the
Sixties, and Beyond. Grove Press.

15 – Dowling, Kevin. Knightley, Phillip. “A secret that could destroy the CIA.” The London Mail. . (Aug
23, 1998.):. Web.

16 – McCOY, ALFRED W. “SCIENCE IN DACHAU’S SHADOW: HEBB, BEECHER, AND THE

DEVELOPMENT.” CIA and Canada page 409. Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences. Vol.
43(4), 401–417, page 409. : Wiley Periodicals, Inc., 2007. Web.

17 – Albarelli, H. P. . “A Terrible Mistake: The Murder of Frank Olson and the CIA’s Secret Cold
War….” District Attorney Robert Morgenthau Investigation. (2009): Chapter 3. Web.

18 – Ibid.

19 – Mauroni, Albert J. Where are the WMDs?: The Reality of Chem-bio Threats on the Home Front
and the Battlefront. Illustrated, Annotated. . : Naval Institute Press. , page 4. Print.

20 – Ignatieff, Michael (April 1, 2001). “What did the C.I.A. do to Eric Olson’s father?”. The New York
Times Magazine.

21 – “CIA Secret Experiments: National Geographic Documentary: 6:00-7:17.” Youtube. Web.

10/2/2015.

22 – Ibid: 9:30-10:00

23 – Ibid: 10:00-13:23

24 – Ibid: 13:23-14:27

25 – Ibid: 21:50-22:44
26 – Jacobson, Annie. “What Cold War CIA Interrogators Learned from the Nazis.” The Daily Beast.
(2/11/14): . Web.

27 – Ibid

28 – Lee, M. A., Shlain, B. (1985). Acid Dreams, the Complete Social History of LSD: the CIA, the
Sixties, and Beyond. Grove Press.

29 – Hunt, Linda. “SECRET AGENDA.” The United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project
Paperclip, 1944-1990. . (Pub Date: May 29th, 1991): pages 96-97. Web.

30 – Coppens, Phillip. “Chapter 1. A Man for All Psychics.” The stargate conundrum The US
Government’s secret pursuit of the psychic drug.

31 – Hunt, Linda. “SECRET AGENDA.” The United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project
Paperclip, 1944-1990. . (Pub Date: May 29th, 1991): page 105. Web.

32 – Kaye, Jeffrey . “FOIA request regarding Kurt Blome files.” . March 5, 2014. MuckRock , Web.
10/8/2015.

33 – Deichmann, Ute . “Biologists Under Hitler.” Harvard University Press. Notes: #60. (1996): Page
417.

34 – Emory, Dave. “FTR #480 Plum Island, Lyme Disease and the Erich Traub File.” Spitfire . 479 and
480 in sequence. ( October 3, 2004): Point 16. Web.

35 – Kreston, Rebecca . “Blood & Fog: The Military’s Germ Warfare Tests in San Francisco.” Discover.
June 28, 2015: . Web.

36 – Ibid.

37 – Ibid.

38 – “Naval concepts of chemical and biological warfare. 2:32.” Sage of Quay Radio. Web.
10/20/2015.

39 – Ibid. 3:50.

40 – Kreston, Rebecca . “Blood & Fog: The Military’s Germ Warfare Tests in San Francisco.”
41 – Barnett, Antony. “Millions were in germ war tests.” The Guardian. Politics (Sunday 21 April 2002
05.23 EDT): Web.

42 – Cole, Leonard A.. “Operation LAC and Zinc Cadmium Sulphide.” The Eleventh Plague. 1997:
Chapter 2 pages 19-28. Web.

43 – Barnett, Antony. “Millions were in germ war tests.”

44 – Ibid.

45 – J Anía, MD, Basilio. “Serratia.” Medscape. (Oct 21, 2014): Web.

46 – Hejazi, A. Falkiner, F. R.. “Serratia marcescens.” Vol. 46. (1997): page 1. Web.

47 – Prasad, S. K. “Biological War.” Google books. (2009): page 118. Web.

48 – “Radiation Mutagenesis.” World of Microbiology and Immunology. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 22

Oct. 2015.

49 – “Radiation Effects in Nuclear Ceramics.” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2012.
Hidawi Publishing Corporation. , Web. 10/23/15.

50 – Schuette, Dr. Lawrence C. (office of naval research, acting director of research). “3-D Printing
Offers Unlimited Potential for Navy.” Navy Live (The Official Blog Of The United States Navy). May 18,
2013. Web.

51 – Ibid.

52 – Hap, Abrams . “The Rand Corporation.” Opsec News. 3/14/2013: . Web.

53 – Gibbons, Henry. “Genomic Signatures of Strain Selection and Enhancement in Bacillus

atrophaeus var. globigii, a Historical Biowarfare Simulant.” (25 Mar 2011): Results (Historical
investigations of BG provenance). Web.

54– Ibid.

55 – Ibid, Bioinformatic analysis of sequence data.

56 – Bergman , Nicholas H. (editor). “CHALENGES TO THE NORM.” Bacillus anthracis and Anthrax.
(2011): Web.

57 – CDC. “A History of Anthrax.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (September 1, 2015): .
Web.

58 – Spencer, RC. “Bacillus anthracis.” National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National
Library of Medicine . J Clin Pathol. 2003 Mar; 56(3): –187. . (2003): Web.

59 – Gibbons, Henry. “Genomic Signatures of Strain Selection and Enhancement in Bacillus

atrophaeus var. globigii, a Historical Biowarfare Simulant.”

60 – Ibid, Discussion.

61 – “Sporulation.” World of Microbiology and Immunology. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 27 Oct. 2015.

62 – Cano, RJ; Borucki, MK (1995). “Revival and identification of bacterial spores in 25- to 40-million-
year-old Dominican amber.” Science 268: 1060–1064.

63 – Ajithkumar, Bindu. Vasudevan , P. Ajithkumar. Iriye, Ryozo . Doi, Yukio . Sakai, Tadashi. “Spore-
forming Serratia marcescens subspsakuensis subsp. nov., isolated from a domestic.wastewater
treatment tank.” International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2003), 53, 253–
258. (2003): Web.

64 – Ibid.

65 – Ibid.

66 – Hejazi, A.. Falkiner, F. R.. “Serratia marcescens.” Vol. 46. (1997): page 2. Web.

67 – Chandrasekaran, S. “Swarm intelligence for cooperation of bio-nano robots using quorum

sensing.” Bio Micro and Nanosystems Conference, 2006. BMN ‘06. (15-18 Jan. 2006 ): Web.

68 – Biron, D. G, and others. “Behavioural manipulation in a grasshopper harbouring hairworm: a

proteomics approach.” The Royal Society. . (Published 22 October 2005): . Web.

69 – Senthilingam, Meera . “Malaria bug may give mosquitoes a super sense of smell.” New Scientist .
. (15 May 2013): . Web.

70 – “Toxoplasma Gondii.” Parasites In Humans; Find The Nastiest Parasites In Humans. 2010. Web.
71 – Norris, Vic, and others. “Hypothesis: Bacteria Control Host Appetites.” Journal for bacteriology
(American society for microbiology). (2013): . Web.

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