Professional Documents
Culture Documents
For Teachers
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Marla C. Papango
Philippine Normal University
Parts of Speech
1. Nouns
2. Pronouns
3. Verbs
4. Adjectives
5.Adverbs
6.Conjunctions
7.Interjection
MCPapango_PNU
MCPapango_PNU
The review material
covers:
Subject-verb
agreement
Verbs
Nouns
Pronouns
MCPapango_PNU
The review material
covers:
Conditional sentences
Modals and similar
expressions
Indirect report structures
Parallelisms
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
Formula
If the subject is
singular, then, the verb
should also be singular.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
FORMULA
For singular subjects, use
the –s form of the verb.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
FORMULA
For plural subjects, do not
use the –s form of the
verb.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND
HOWEVER
Thomas, a lawyer and a father,
IS / ARE always concerned
with the welfare of children.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND
HOWEVER a compound
subject denoting closely
related ideas may take a
singular verb.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND
HOWEVER
Lavender and black IS / ARE
my favorite combination.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND
HOWEVER
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – Intervening Phrase
The two main goals of my
life IS / ARE to go to
college and get a good
job.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – with, together with,
as well as
A good education, together
with determination and
hard work, SPELL /SPELLS
success.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – with, together with,
as well as
Determination and hard work,
coupled with a good
education SPELL /SPELLS
success.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – negative explanatory
phrase
Not the teacher, but the
students take / takes care
waste segregation.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – negative explanatory
phrase
Not the students, but the
teacher take / takes care
of waste segregation.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – negative explanatory
phrase
The principal, not the teachers
IS / ARE responsible for
school funds.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – negative explanatory
phrase
The teachers, not the
principal IS / ARE responsible
for student discipline.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 4 - Either…or/Neither…nor
Either the teachers or the
principal IS / ARE invited to
grace the occasion.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 4 - Either…or/Neither…nor
Either Mrs. Santos or the
administrators IS / ARE
invited to grace the occasion.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 5 – Indefinite pronouns
Anybody Neither
Anyone Nobody SINGULAR
Anything No one
Each One
Either Somebody
Everybody Someone
Everyone Something
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 5 – Indefinite pronouns
PLURAL
Both Others
Few several
Many
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 6 – Indefinite pronouns
SINGULAR or PLURAL
All Most
Any None
Enough Some
More
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 6 – Indefinite pronouns
SINGULAR or PLURAL
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 7 – Plural in form,
singular in sense
Three yards IS / ARE not
enough for a gown.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 7 – Plural in form,
singular in sense
Fifty thousand pesos IS /
ARE enough to fund the
project.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 7 - Fractions
One-half of the pizza
HAS / HAVE been eaten.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 7 – Either singular or plural
verb for mathematical
computations
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 8 – Collective nouns
Singular if the
group is taken
as a UNIT MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 8 – Collective nouns
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 8 – The number/ A number
The number of students in
my class IS / ARE 50,
but of the 50, a number
IS / ARE gays.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 9 – Plural in form,
singular in sense
Mathematics IS / ARE my
waterloo.
Physics and Statistics IS /
ARE my favorite
subjects.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 9 – Plural in form,
singular in sense
Mathematics/Physics
Civics/Statistics Dynamics
(subject)
Whereabouts
Measles/Mumps
Aeronautics
News
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 9 – Plural in form, plural
in sense
His pants IS / ARE new.
Tweezers IS / ARE needed
to pluck unnecessary hair.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 9 – Plural in form, plural
in sense
My glasses IS / ARE on the
bed.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 10 – Delayed subject
Here COME / COMES the
bride and the groom.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 10 – Delayed subject
There IS/ARE much
money in circulation.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 10 – Delayed subject
Behind the desk HIDE /
HIDES the naughty child.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 11 – One of those who
Cynthia is on of those
women who FIGHT /
FIGHTS for human rights.
One of the
protesters IS / ARE
Cynthia.
MCPapango_PNU
Nouns
Functions of Nouns
1.Subject
2.Direct object
3.Indirect object
4.Object of the preposition
5.To show possession
MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Number Case
PERSON Subject Object Possessive
MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
All Other Another Enough
Nobody Both Any Everybody
None Several Anyone Everything
Nothing Some Either/ Many
One, two, Most Neither More
etc. Something
MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
This student
These students
MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
That picture
MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
Those
pictures
MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Interrogative
Who
What
Where
When
How
MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Myself
Himself Yourself
Themselves Yourselves
Herself
Itself
Theirselves
MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
Who Cynthia is the woman
That who fixed the laptop
that I bought from
Which Silicon Valley.
MCPapango_PNU
Verbs
1. Action
2. Linking
3. Auxiliary or
Helping
MCPapango_PNU
MCPapango_PNU
Linking Verb
Abby is a doctor.
Joshua is talented.
MCPapango_PNU
Helping Verb
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present tense
present action
state of being
general truth
scientific truth
schedules
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Past tense
• completed action
• completed condition
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Future Tense
Used to connote
an action that is
about to happen
at a future time
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Future Tense
will/shall + base form of the verb
am/is/are + going to + infinitive
am/is/are + -ing form
present form of the verb (only for
schedules)
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
Used for events occurring
at an indefinite time
Formula: has/have + past
participle form of the
verb
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
Used for events occurring
at an indefinite time
1.I have not yet fallen in love.
2.I fell in love when I was 12.
3.Have you been to Cebu?
4.She has never been to Cebu.
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
used with frequency
words always, never,
just, yet
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
Used with expressions
for and since
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
Used with expressions
for and since
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
Used for events occurring
at an indefinite time
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Past Perfect tense
Used to describe a past
event or condition
completed before another
event in the past
Formula: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Past Perfect tense
Used to describe a past
event or condition
completed before another
event in the past
Examples: HAD + SEEN
HAD + GROWN
HAD + HAD
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Past Perfect tense
I had had measles before I had
chicken pox.
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Past Progressive
MCPapango_PNU
Adjectives
ORDER OF AJECTIVES
1. Articles, demonstratives,
possessives, indefinite adjectives
2. NUMERALS
3. Quality or characteristics
4. Size/shape
5. Other nouns
MCPapango_PNU
ORDER OF AJECTIVES
1.Determiners — articles and other
limiters. See Observation —
postdeterminers and limiter
adjectives (e.g., a real hero, a
perfect idiot) and adjectives subject
to subjective measure (e.g.,
beautiful, interesting)
2.Size and Shape — adjectives
subject to objective measure (e.g.,
wealthy, large, round)
MCPapango_PNU
ORDER OF AJECTIVES
MCPapango_PNU
ORDER OF AJECTIVES
MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs of Manner
She moved
slowly and spoke
quietly.
MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs
Adverbs of Place
He has lived on the
island all her life.
He still lives there
now.
MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs
Adverbs of Frequency
They take the boat to the mainland
every day.
They often go together.
MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs
Adverbs of Time
He tries to get back
before dark.
It's starting to get dark
now.
He finished her tea first.
He left early.
MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs
Adverbs of Purpose
She drives her boat slowly to avoid
hitting the rocks.
She shops in several stores to get
the best buys.
MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs
Most adverbs end with –ly;
however…
She feels bad. (not badly)
He ran fast. (not fastly)
MCPapango_PNU
Order of Adverbs
Verb swims
Manner enthusiastically
Place in the pool
Frequency every morning
Time before dawn
Purpose to keep in shape
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of time
Sunday
June 17, 2006
June 17
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of time
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of time
Night
At noon
6:00 p.m.
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of place
Specific streets
43 Lirio Extension
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of place
With enclosure
On the corner
of the street
In the corner
of the street
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of place
Cities, countries
In the Philippines
In the corner
of the street
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
For To
Up At
From With
On
Against Above
Between Below
Of Beneath
In Under
underneath
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Idiomatic uses of the preposition
Off (emit)
Up (surrender)
In (yield, concede)
Away (information-
reveal/give)
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Idiomatic uses of the preposition
Up – to find something
Back – remember
Over – check, review
Into - investigate
After- take care
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Idiomatic uses of the preposition
up – to ring, to telephone
in – check, review
off- stop, cancel
on – ask someone to
answer
for – demand, require
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Idiomatic uses of the preposition
Down – hit a pedestrian
with a vehicle
Into - meet
Away – leave home
Out - lack
MCPapango_PNU