Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 6
uvodnik
NA PUTU
FINANSIJSKE
EDUKACIJE
Veroljub Dugalić
Udruženje banaka Srbije
ubs@ubs-asb.com
U
brzane i sve evidentnije promene finansijskog sistema, digitalna transformacija bankarskog
sektora, sofisticirani proizvodi i usluge, međuzavisnost uslovljena globalizacijom finansijskih
i ekonomskih sistema, kao rezultat imaju i činjenicu da finansijske odluke danas predstavljaju
sve veći izazov za pojedince i na mikro i na makro planu. Olakšan pristup osnovnim transakcionim
proizvodima u različitim ekonomskim, finansijskim i društvenim okolnostima širom sveta ujedno
podrazumeva i veću odgovornost u pogledu buduće finansijske dobrobiti i zaštite potrošača. Upravo
iz ovih razloga nesumnjiv je rastući značaj finansijske edukacije tokom protekle decenije, koja je u
većini zemalja prepoznata kao jedna od suštinskih životnih kompetencija svakog pojedinca suočenog
sa nezadrživim razvojem finansijskih tržišta i demografskim, ekonomskim i političkim promenama.
Ovo potvđuje i publikacija koju je pod nazivom Finansijska edukacija - Nacionalne strategije u Evropi
(Financial Education - National Strategies in Europe)
2015. godine objavila Evropska bankarska federacija,
pruživši sistematičan prikaz inicijativa i projekata Šta je finansijska edukacija?
na polju finansijske edukacije u 32 evropske
zemlje. Vim Mijs, izvršni direktor EBF-a, još tada OECD je 2005. godine formulisao definiciju
je, u predgovoru ovoj publikaciji, istakao značaj finansijske edukacije, koju su lideri Grupe G20
finansijske edukacije za zdravu i stabilnu ekonomiju usvojili 2012. godine:
jedne zemlje, kao i posvećenost finansijskom „Finansijska edukacija je proces tokom koga
opismenjavanju svih građana, a naročito dece i finansijski potrošači/investitori poboljšavaju svoje
omladine. Prema tadašnjim podacima, od zemalja razumevanje finansijskih proizvoda, koncepata i
uključenih u studiju, finansijsku edukaciju kao deo rizika i, na osnovu informacija, instrukcija i/ili
školskog programa (u vidu zasebnog predmeta ili objektivnih saveta, razvijaju veštine i samopouzdanje
dela redovnog programa) imale su Danska, Finska, kako bi postali svesniji finansijskih rizika i prilika,
Hrvatska, Island, Letonija, Malta, Norveška, Poljska, donosili ispravne odluke, znali kome da se obrate za
Portugalija, Republika Češka, Rumunija, Slovačka, pomoć i preduzimali druge efektivne korake u cilju
Slovenija, Španija, Švajcarska i Velika Britanija. poboljšanja svoje finansijske dobrobiti.“
Od tada pa do danas, broj zemalja koje uključuju (Poboljšanje finansijske pismenosti: Analiza
finansijsku pismenost u obrazovni školski sistem u problema i politika, OECD, 2005)
7 Bankarstvo, 2018, Vol. 47, Issue 2
editorial
ON THE ROAD
TO FINANCIAL
EDUCATION
Veroljub Dugalić
Association of Serbian Banks
ubs@ubs-asb.com
T
he accelerated and ever more evident changes in the financial system, digital transformation of
the banking sector, sophisticated products and services and interdependence conditioned by the
globalization of financial and economic systems have resulted in the fact that financial decisions
are nowadays an increasing challenge for individuals, both on the micro and macro plan. Easier access
to basic transaction products in the different economic, financial and social circumstances around the
world also implies greater accountability in terms of future financial welfare and consumer protection.
It is precisely for these reasons that the growing importance of financial education over the past
decade is indisputable, and recognized by most countries as one of the essential life competences of
every individual faced with the unstoppable development of financial markets and the demographic,
economic and political changes.
This has also been confirmed by the publication
entitled Financial Education - National Strategies in
What is Financial Education? Europe, published in 2015 by the European Banking
Federation, providing a systematic overview of
In 2005, the OECD formulated a definition of initiatives and projects in the field of financial
financial education, adopted by the G20 leaders education in 32 European countries. Wim Mijs,
in 2012: Chief Executive of the EBF, even back then, in
“Financial literacy is the process by which the foreword to this publication, emphasized the
financial consumers/investors improve their importance of financial education for a healthy and
understanding of financial products, concepts and stable economy, as well as the significance of the
risks and, through information, instruction and/or commitment to the financial literacy of all citizens,
objective advice, develop the skills and confidence especially children and youth. According to the data
to become more aware of financial risks and obtained at the time, among the countries included
opportunities, to make informed choices, to know in the study, financial education was a part of the
where to go for help, and to take other effective school curriculum (in the form of a separate subject
actions to improve their financial well-being.” or part of the regular curriculum) in Croatia, Czech
(Improving Financial Literacy: Analysis of Republic, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Malta,
Issues and Policies, OECD, 2005) Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Bankarstvo, 2018, vol. 47, br. 2 8 Dugalić V.
Na putu finansijske edukacije
stalnom je porastu. Osim u školama, međutim, Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, Španije, Turske
na finansijskom opismenjavanju radi se i u i Velike Britanije), kao i iz zemalja Evropske
saradnji sa drugim relevantnim institucijama, unije. Publikacija potvrđuje da je sve veći broj
nevladinim organizacijama, ekonomskim država angažovan na razvijanju nacionalnih
institutima, udruženjima banaka i slično, strategija finansijske edukacije, te da se ulažu
kroz raznovrsne oblike edukacije (seminare, kontinuirani napori za poboljšanje efikasnosti
interaktivne radionice, specijalne vebsajtove programa finansijskog opismenjavanja kroz
i tutorijale, itd.) i aktivnosti prilagođene rešenja namenjena finansijskoj edukaciji
različitim ciljnim grupama. pojedinaca iz svih kategorija stanovništva, a
Nastavak aktivnosti na ovom polju obeležilo posebno osetljivih grupa. Strategije finansijske
je i osnivanje Evropske platforme za finansijsku edukacije na svim nivoima usvajaju se ili u
edukaciju (European Platform for Financial formi zasebnih javnih politika ili u kombinaciji
Education) 2017. godine, koja okuplja devet
evropskih organizacija i udruženja sa ciljem da
promovišu potrebu za finansijskom edukacijom Evropska nedelja novca
i podstaknu trend finansijskog opismenjavanja
u Evropi, naročito među mladima i U martu ove godine je, na inicijativu
preduzetnicima. Evropska bankarska federacija Evropske bankarske federacije iz Brisela,
jedna je od pomenutih devet članica Platforme, bankarski sektor Evrope po četvrti put uspešno
a predstavnik Udruženja banaka Srbije aktivno organizovao i sproveo Evropsku nedelju novca.
učestvuje na redovnim sastancima na kojima Prošle, 2017. godine, ovaj događaj ispratilo je
se razmenjuju ideje, informacije, stečeni uvidi i preko pola miliona mladih kroz više od 16.000
iskustva, ali i podstiče diskusija o načinu na koji aktivnosti na temu finansijske edukacije, od
Evropska unija može da odigra vodeću ulogu u klasičnih predavanja u učionici do celodnevnih
poboljšanju finansijske pismenosti. konferencija.
Zahvaljujući Međunarodnoj mreži za Evropska nedelja novca ima za cilj da
finansijsku edukaciju OECD-a (OECD podigne svest javnosti o benefitima finansijske
International Network for Financial Education), edukacije u vremenu u kome se niska
sprovedena su i druga relevantna istraživanja finansijska pismenost sve više doživljava
koja ukazuju na to da mnoge evropske zemlje kao problematična, naročito imajući u vidu
sprovode planirani razvoj financijske edukacije, nezaustavljivo napredovanje finansijske
uključujući u taj proces sve zainteresovane tehnologije koja ističe digitalnu prirodu novca.
aktere i postavljajući jasne ciljeve u skladu sa Globalno istraživanje na temu finansijske
svojim nacionalnim strategijama za finansijsko pismenosti (PISA studija koju je sproveo
opismenjavanje. Vodeći stručnjaci sarađuju na OECD: http://www.oecd.org/finance/financial-
strateškom nivou i razmenjuju najbolje prakse, education/oecdpisafinancialliteracyassessment.
a ustanovljen je i trend međunarodne saradnje htm), pokazalo je prošle godine da jedan od
i razmene iskustava u ovom pogledu. četiri učenika u razvijenim zemljama nije u
Značaj finansijske edukacije, naročito u stanju da donese čak ni jednostavne odluke u
periodu posle velike finansijske i ekonomske pogledu svakodnevnih troškova i finansija.
krize, prepoznat je i na globalnom nivou, o čemu Udruženje banaka Srbije je, u saradnji sa
između ostalog svedoči i zajednička publikacija bankama, 2018. godine po treći put organizovalo
OECD-a i Grupe G20 pod predsedništvom Evropsku nedelju novca u Srbiji. Aktivnosti
Rusije iz 2013. godine, pod nazivom Razvijanje su obuhvatile radionice Kreditnog biroa UBS
nacionalnih strategija finansijske edukacije na temu reklamacija i zaštite korisnika kroz
(Advancing National Strategies for Financial finansijsku edukaciju, prigodna predavanja za
Education), u kojoj su predstavljeni izveštaji iz učenike osnovnih škola o ulozi i funkciji novca,
ukupno 21 zemlje (Argentine, Australije, Brazila, predavanja za učenike srednjih stručnih škola i
Holandije, Francuske, Indije, Indonezije, Italije, gimnazija o upravljanju ličnim finansijama, kao
Japana, Južne Afrike, Kanade, Kine, Koreje, i interaktivne radionice i predstave za decu u
Meksika, Rusije, Saudijske Arabije, Singapura, vrtićima.
Dugalić V.
On the Road to Financial Education
9 Bankarstvo, 2018, Vol. 47, Issue 2
Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland and the United The continuation of the activities in this
Kingdom. Since then, the number of countries field was also marked by the establishment of
which include financial literacy in their school the European Platform for Financial Education
curriculum has been steadily increasing. In in 2017, which brings together nine European
addition to teaching it at schools, however, organizations and associations, with the aim
financial literacy is also being improved in of promoting the need for financial education
cooperation with other relevant institutions, and encouraging a trend of financial literacy
non-governmental organizations, economic in Europe, especially among young people
institutes, bank associations and the like, through and entrepreneurs. The European Banking
various forms of education (seminars, interactive Federation is one of the nine members of
workshops, special websites and tutorials, etc.) the Platform, whereas a representative of
and activities adapted to different target groups. the Association of Serbian Banks actively
participates in the regular meetings which
serve as an opportunity to exchange ideas,
European Money Week information, acquired insights and experiences,
and to encourage the discussion on how the
In March 2018, at the initiative of the European Union can play a leading role in
European Banking Federation in Brussels, the improving financial literacy.
European banking sector successfully organized By virtue of the OECD International
and implemented the European Money Week Network for Financial Education, other relevant
for the fourth time. Last year, this event was studies have been carried out which suggest that
attended by more than half a million young many European countries are implementing the
people through more than 16,000 activities on planned financial education activities, including
financial education, from classroom lectures to all stakeholders in this process and setting clear
full-day conferences. goals, in line with their national strategies for
The European Money Week seeks to financial literacy. Leading experts are working
boost public awareness on the benefits together on a strategic level and exchanging
of financial education at a time that low the best practices, while establishing a trend
levels of financial literacy are increasingly of international cooperation and exchanging
perceived as problematic, especially given relevant experiences.
the rapid emergence of financial technology The significance of financial education,
that emphasizes the digital nature of especially in the period after the major
money. The global benchmark survey on financial and economic crisis, has been globally
financial literacy (OECD PISA survey: recognized, as evidenced, among other things,
www.oecd.org/finance/financial-education/ by the joint 2013 publication by Russia’s G20
oecdpisafinancialliteracyassessment.htm), last Presidency and the OECD, Advancing National
year again showed that one in four students in Strategies for Financial Education, which
developed economies are not able to make even contains reports from 21 countries worldwide
simple decisions on everyday spending. (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China,
In 2018, the Association of Serbian Banks, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea,
in cooperation with the banks, organized the Mexico, the Netherlands, Russia, Saudi Arabia,
European Money Week in Serbia for the third Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, the
time. The activities included the ASB Credit United Kingdom and the United States),
Bureau’s workshops on the topic of consumer and from the EU countries. This publication
complaints and protection through financial confirms that an increasing number of countries
education, suitable lectures for elementary have been engaging in developing the national
school students about the role and function of financial education strategies, and that
money, lectures for secondary vocational school continuous efforts have being made to improve
and high school students on personal finance the effectiveness of financial literacy programs,
management, as well as interactive workshops through solutions designed to provide financial
and plays for children in kindergartens. education for individuals from all demographic
Bankarstvo, 2018, vol. 47, br. 2 10 Dugalić V.
Na putu finansijske edukacije
national coordinating body that would create regular meetings of the European Banking
a national strategy for financial education Federation and the European Platform for
and ensure the relevance and long-term Financial Education. The experience thus
sustainability of the financial literacy program acquired is transposed into Serbia through
in the education system. launching initiatives and promoting financial
The Association of Serbian Banks’ permanent education, primarily during the European
commitment and dedication to financial literacy Money Week, but also through the regular
is also reflected in other financial education activities that the Association of Serbian Banks
activities it has organized, independently has included in its business agenda as one of the
or within the initiatives of the international main priorities in the upcoming period.
banking institutions in which the ASB holds
membership. In this regard, it should be noted
that the ASB, through its representative, chairs Editor-in-Chief
the Financial Literacy Board of the European dr Veroljub Dugalić
Banking and Financial Services Training
Association (EBTN), and participates in the