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No Full APA Reference Citation Article Title Journal Name

1 McAvoy, B., & Murtagh, McAvoy, B., & Workplace BMJ: British
J. (2003). Workplace Murtagh, J. (2003) Bullying: The Medical Journal
Bullying: The Silent Silent Epidemic
Epidemic. BMJ: British
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326(7393), 776-777.

2 Lallukka, T., Rahkonen, Lallukka, T., Workplace Scandinavian

O., & Lahelma, E. (2011). Rahkonen, O., & bullying and Journal of Work,
Workplace bullying and Lahelma, E. (2011) subsequent sleep Environment &
subsequent sleep problems problems - the Health
- the Helsinki Health Helsinki Health
Study. Scandinavian Study
Journal of Work,
Environment & Health,
37(3), 204-212.
3 Kivimäki, M., Virtanen, Kivimäki, M., Workplace Occupational and
M., Vartia, M., Elovainio, Virtanen, M., Bullying and the Environmental
M., Vahtera, J., & Vartia, M., Risk of Medicine
Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. Elovainio, M., Cardiovascular
(2003). Workplace Vahtera, J., & Disease and
Bullying and the Risk of Keltikangas- Depression
Cardiovascular Disease Järvinen, L. (2003)
and Depression.
Occupational and
Environmental Medicine,
60(10), 779-783.

4 STRANDMARK, M., & STRANDMARK, Development, Scandinavian

RAHM, G. (2014). M., & RAHM, G. Implementation Journal of Public
Development, (2014) and Evaluation of a Health
implementation and Process to Prevent
evaluation of a process to and Combat
prevent and combat Workplace
workplace bullying. Bullying
Scandinavian Journal of
Public Health.
Supplement, 15, 66-73.

5 Nielsen, M., Einarsen, S., Nielsen, M., Does exposure to Scandinavian

Notelaers, G., Nielsen, G., Einarsen, S., bullying behaviors Journal of Work,
& Psychol, C. (2016). Notelaers, G., at the workplace Environment &
Does exposure to bullying Nielsen, G., & contribute to later Health
behaviors at the workplace Psychol, C. (2016) suicidal ideation?
contribute to later suicidal A three-wave
ideation? A three-wave longitudinal study
5 Nielsen, M., Einarsen, S., Nielsen, M., Does exposure to Scandinavian
Notelaers, G., Nielsen, G., Einarsen, S., bullying behaviors Journal of Work,
& Psychol, C. (2016). Notelaers, G., at the workplace Environment &
Does exposure to bullying Nielsen, G., & contribute to later Health
behaviors at the workplace Psychol, C. (2016) suicidal ideation?
contribute to later suicidal A three-wave
ideation? A three-wave longitudinal study
longitudinal study.
Scandinavian Journal of
Work, Environment &
Health, 42(3), 246-250.
 Findings

Background and Purpose : Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour towards an
employee, that poses a risk to health and safety.Many victims suffer from depression,anxiety and sleep
disturbances.The study investigated about the ill effects of workplace bullying,identification and
elimination of workplace bullying.
Subjects and Methods : The study discusses the research literature in which there are growing evidences
of bullying in hospitals,practices, professional organisations and colleges.Effective ways of
identifying,preventing and combating workplace bullying are concluded.
Results : Workplace bullying causes fear, shame, depression,
anxiety and lack of self-confidence.Bullying also results in lowerlevels of job satisfaction and encourages
intentions to leave .By proper interventions,a change can be brought in the organisations by adapting to
the practical information and advice available.
Conclusion and Discussion : In the era of tough and dynamic management styles, bullying
produces toxic workplaces that adversely effects the mental as well as physical health of an
employee.However,these effects can be minimized and eliminated in most of the organizations by
intervening, supporting and encouraging the victims.The elimination of workplace bullying starts by
becoming better role models for impressionable learners.

Background and Purpose : Sleep disturbances are common in general as well as in employed population
also but the relationship between workplace bullying and sleep problems are not well understood.The
study is aimed to examine in depth the associations between workplace bullying and sleep disorders and to
provide evidences in order to fill the gap. Subjects
and Methods : Data was retrieved from the Helsinki Health Study mailed questionnaire surveys of the
employees of the City of Helsinki, Finlad.At baseline in 2000-2002,8960 employees were surveyed and a
follow-up survey was carried out in 2007 among all respondents of the baseline survey (N=7332).The 4-
item Jenkins sleep questionnaire was used for both the surveys.Baseline survey asked whether the
participant has either suffered bullying or observed bullying in the workplace and the follow-up survey
asked questions about the respondent's sleeping habits or problems.Once data was collected,Logistic
Regression Models were fitted,adjusting for age,childhood bullying, education, working conditions,
obesity, common mental disorders, limiting long standing illness and baseline sleep problems.
Results : From baseline survey,
5% of women and men were being bullying and 9% of women and 7% of men had frequently observed
bullying at their workplaces and half of both the genders had sometimes observed bullying.Adjusted for
age,reported bullying was associated with sleep problems among women (OR 1.69,95% CI 1.30-2.20) and
men (OR 3.17,95% CI 1.85-5.43).Earlier bullying was found to be associated with sleep problems among
both men and women.After full adjustment,associations reduced.Similarly,adjusted for age,observing
bullying was also associated with subsequent sleep problems among men and women.
Conclusion and Discussion : Participants,both men
and women,who either reported or observed workplace bullying had reported subsequent sleep problems
but after the application of Logistic Regression Models the associations attenuated in both the
cases.However, sleep problems associated with workplace bullying still existed.
Background and Purpose : Prolonged stress caused by workplace bullying can trigger many diseases
and psychiatric disorders.The study was carried out to understand if there were any associations betweeen
the new reports of cardiovascular diseases and depression among hospital personnel and workplace
bullying.Study was carried out on data collected in two surveys conducted over two years.
Subjects and Methods : In 1998, a questionnaire was posted to all 10969 employees of Finnish
hospitals,out of which 1712 were men and 9257 were women lying in the age group of 18-63 years(10%
-doctors, 47% -nurses, 12% -laboratory and x-ray staff, 12% -administrative staff, 19%
-maintenance,cleaners and other workers).Later, in 2000 respondents who were still working in the
hospitals were sent a follow-up questionnaire. Survey asked questions about bullying,stress related
diseases, and behavioural risks on both ocassions.Logistic Regression Models were applied on data.
Results : Incidents of bullying was 5% in baseline survey and 6% in follow-up survey,in general
2% reported bullying in both the surveys which indicates prolonged bullying.After the adjustments of
age,sex and income,the odds ratio of incident cardiovascular disease for victims of prolonged bullying
compared to non-bullied employees was 2.3(95% CI 1.2 to 4.6.Further adjustments for
overweight,attenuated the odds ratio to 1.6(95% CI 0..8 to 3.5).However,even after the adjustments,the
associations between prolonged workplace bullying and depression was significant.
Conclusion and Discussion : The study found strong associations between
prolonged workplace bullying and subsequent depression suggesting that bullying is an aetiological factor
for mental health problems.Victims of bullying also seem to be vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases,
however, overweight also contributes partly.

Background and Purpose : Workplace bullying produces an unhealthy workplace that causes both
individual distress and organisational dysfunction.The victim is often pushed into a defenseless position
and may be rejected or expelled from the workplace.The study was carried out in order to develop and
implement an intervention program within the workplace to prevent and combat bullying.
Subjects and Methods : The project emanates from a community-based participatory approach. Data
was obtained from individual and focus group interviews.Grounded theory methodology was used, and a
comparative analysis was made before and after the intervention. Result :
The first three meetings with focus group indicated that immediate supervisors with co-workers and upper
management could be best used in order to prevent and combat bullying.Using humanistic value system,
open workplace atmosphere, group collaboration and conflict resolution could help to achieve the goal of
zero tolerance towards bullying,if all concerned parties worked together.Action plan was also
implemented.In the fourth meeting,after the implementation,organisation atmosphere had
improved,groups and colleague were collaborated,employees were much aware about the
bullying.Additional systematic work was proposed to implement action plan and a conflict resolution
system. Conclusion
and Discussion : Introduced action plan and implementation of anti-bullying programmes achieved some
success in transforming the organisation into a better workplace,however, the intervention process is still
going on.

Background and Purpose : Workplace Bullying is a situation wherein an employee receives

mistreatment from his/her superiors,co-workers, and subordinates and finds it difficult to defend against
it.Rather than well-known risk factors like anxiety,depression, depersonalization,etc.,bullying is more
strongly associated with suicidal ideation.The study is aimed to understand the impact of person-related
,work-related and physically intimidating bullying behaviours on suicidal tendencies in two and five years
follow-ups. Subjects and
Methods : Data was retrieved from the cohort sample of 1775(T1-T2) and 1613(T1-T3)Norwegian
Background and Purpose : Workplace Bullying is a situation wherein an employee receives
mistreatment from his/her superiors,co-workers, and subordinates and finds it difficult to defend against
it.Rather than well-known risk factors like anxiety,depression, depersonalization,etc.,bullying is more
strongly associated with suicidal ideation.The study is aimed to understand the impact of person-related
,work-related and physically intimidating bullying behaviours on suicidal tendencies in two and five years
follow-ups. Subjects and
Methods : Data was retrieved from the cohort sample of 1775(T1-T2) and 1613(T1-T3)Norwegian
employees.The time gap between T1-T2 was 2years and T1-T3 was five years.Negative Acts
questionnaire was used to measure bullying behaviours and suicidal ideation was measured by asking
respondents whether the y had "Thoughts about ending your life" during past seven days.Logistic
Regression Models were apllied on the collected data.
Results : Suicidal ideation was 4% at Tl, 5% at T2, and 4.2% at T3.At Tl, 8.2% reported monthly
exposure to person-related bullying, 19.1% to work-related bullying, and 1.8% to physically intimidating
bullying behaviors. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, baseline suicidal ideation, and the
shared variance of the bullying behavior categories, exposure to physical intimidation was the only form
of bullying which significantly predicted suicidal ideation two [odds ratio (OR) 10.68, 95% confidence
interval (95% CI) 4.13-27.58) and five (OR 6.41, 95% CI 1.85-22.14) years later.
Conclusion and Discussion : Physically intimidating behaviour at workplace causes a risk factor for
suicidal ideation.However,physical intimidation is low but the study shows that the consequences can be
detrimental and organizations should therefore take measures to prevent such type of bullying.