Magnetic Field:

A magnetic field is a region where a magnetic force acts on magnets and magnetic materials.

Magnetic flux density is the magnetic flux per unit area. The symbol of magnetic flux density is
“B” and the unit is Tesla (T).

Field lines are collectively called flux. Magnetic flux is a physical quantity and therefore it has a
symbol as well as a unit. The symbol of magnetic flux is Φ and the unit of magnetic flux is
weber (Wb).

The table below shows the different terms, the symbol and their units associated with magnetic
field:

Quantity Quantity Symbol Unit Unit Symbol

Flux density B Tesla T

Flux Φ Weber Wb

Φ
The link between magnetic flux density, B, magnetic flux and area is given by, B =

A
Flux linkage:

Flux linkage is the cutting of field lines by a coil or through a coil. In more technical terms, flux
linkage is the interaction of field lines (flux) with a certain number of turns of a coil.

When two different magnets come near, they join (not cut).

Diagram of flux linkage:

Mathematically, flux linkage = NΦ, where

N is the number of turns of the coil.

 Φ
Since B =

A
Φ = BA

∴ Flux linkage = BA N

*Unit of flux linkage = weber, since N has no unit.

Behavior of magnetic field lines:

Magnetic field lines have a tendency to pass through magnetic

materials.

This is illustrated in the diagram on the left.

Flaming’s left hand rule:

In F.L.H.R, the finger represent the direction of the quantities. The fingers do not represent the
quantity themselves.

• Direction of the thumb indicates the direction the force

• Direction of the index finger indicates the direction of the magnetic field

• Direction of the middle finger indicates the direction of the current

Example 1:

Aerial view:

When the switch is closed, the wire

experiences a force out of the page.

Example 2:

Lateral (3D) view:

• Current coming out the page

When the switch is closed, the wire

experiences a force upward.

Magnetic field around a straight current carrying conductor:

The shape of the magnetic field around a straight

current carrying conductor is concentric circles. The
direction of the magnetic field around a straight current
carrying conductor is found out using right hand grip
rule. In right hand grip rule, the thumb represents the
direction of the current and the direction of the grip
represents the direction of the magnetic field.



Description:


•Clockwise when seen from above

•Anti-clockwise when seen from below

• Clockwise when seen from right

• Anti-clockwise when seen from left

Force on a straight current carrying conductor in a magnetic field:

The force on a straight current carrying

conductor in a magnetic field is given by
F = BIl, where B is the magnetic flux density,
I is the current flowing through the conductor
and l is the length of conductor in the
magnetic field.

Here, l = 5 cm