Assignment

Name: Minhajul Alam

ID:181002210
Topic: Electric Power Plant in Bangladesh
 INTRODUCTION
I.
ELECTRICITY is the key ingredient for socio-economic
development of any country. Often per capita
consumption of electricity and energy is considered as
one of the development indication of a nation. But, in
Bangladesh (in June 2009) only around 47% of the population
has access to electricity, and per capita commercial energy
consumption is 182kWh, the lowest in the world [1]. In this
context, Bangladesh is in the immediate need of manifold
increase of existing electricity generation capacity. At
present, electricity production in Bangladesh is mostly based
on existing reserve of conventional energy sources (such as
fossil fuel like gas, coal, oil etc) will not be available after
few years if the shortage power is generated by only that
conventional sources. Moreover, generation of electricity
from conventional sources is costly and more significantly
polluting the environment. Again, power generation from
renewable energy will not be enough to fulfil the huge
shortage of power. Installed electric generating capacity of
the country in 2007 was 5269MW and in June 2009 was
5,719MW. In June 2008 is generation was 3501MW for the
power demand of above 5GW and in June 2011 generation is
near about 4150 MW for demand above 5.5 GW [1]. It is very
essential for Bangladesh to give major concentration on large
scale power generation. In this context, Nuclear Power Plants
could be the best option for Bangladesh to Power Plant for
power generation [9].

The utility electricity sector in Bangladesh has one national grid with an
installed capacity of 21,419 MW as of September 2019. The total installed
capacity is 20,000 MW (combining solar power). Bangladesh's energy
sector is booming. Recently Bangladesh started construction of the 2.4-
gigawatt. Rooppur Nuclear Plant expected to go into operation in
2023.[2] According to the Bangladesh Power Development Board in July
2018, 90 percent of the population had access to electricity. However
per capita energy consumption in Bangladesh is considered low.[3]
Electricity is the major source of power for most of the country's economic
activities. Bangladesh's total installed electricity generation capacity
(including captive power) was 15,351 megawatts (MW) as of January
2017[4] and 20,000 megawatts in 2018.[5]
The largest energy consumers in Bangladesh are industries and the
residential sector, followed by the commercial and agricultural sectors. [6]
As of 2015, 92% of the urban population and 67% of the rural population
had access to electricity. An average of 77.9% of the population had
access to electricity in Bangladesh.[7] Bangladesh will need an estimated
34,000 MW of power by 2030 to sustain its economic growth of over 7
percent.[8]
Problems in Bangladesh's electric power sector include high system
losses, delays in completion of new plants, low plant efficiency, erratic
power supply, electricity theft, blackouts, and shortages of funds for power
plant maintenance. Overall, the country's generation plants have been
unable to meet system demand over the past decade.
On 2 November 2014, electricity was restored after a day-long nationwide
blackout. A transmission line from India had failed, which "led to a cascade
of failures throughout the national power grid," and criticism of "old grid
infrastructure and poor management." However, in a recent root-cause
analysis report the investigating team has clarified that the fault was
actually due to lack of coordination and poor health of transmission and
distribution infrastructure that caused the blackout. [9][10] According to the
Bangladesh's Power Sector Master Plan 2016 (PSMP–2016), the country
has the potential to generate a combined 3.6 GW of electricity from
renewable energy sources.[15] Another research has estimated that the
potential from wind power alone stands at 20 GW.[15]
Bangladesh has 15 MW solar energy capacity through rural households
and 1.9 MW wind power in Kutubdia and Feni.[16] The government of
Bangladesh has approved the construction by private developers of 19 on-
grid solar parks, with would have cumulative generation capacity of 1070
MW.[17]A solar power plant having a power generation capacity of 28 MW
has recently started its operation in Teknaf of Cox's Bazar. Accounting this,
the power generation capacity from renewable energy sources exceeds
five percent of the country's total demand. Technical Solartech Energy Ltd
(TSEL) has installed this power plant in Teknaf utilizing a total of 116 acres
of land. Currently, the power plant is feeding 20MW to the national grid. [18]
Bangladesh has planned to produce 10% of total power generation by 2020
from renewable energy sources like wind, waste, and solar energy. The
country plans to increase its renewable energy share to 17% by 2041
under its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) commitment
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 5% until 2030. [6]
The country's prospect of geothermal energy extraction has also been
discussed by researchers.[19] Studies carried out by geologists suggested
geothermal resources in northwest and southeast region. [20][21]

Types of fuel used: Bangladesh has small reserves of oil and

coal, but very large natural gas resources. Commercial energy
consumption comes mostly from natural gas (around 66%), followed by
oil, hydropower, and coal. Non-commercial energy sources, such as wood
fuel, and crop residues, are estimated to account for over half of the
country's energy consumption.
A 2014 news report stated that:
Bangladesh is considered one of the most arousing energy growth nations.
More than a third of Bangladesh's 166 million people still have no access to
electricity, while the country often is able to produce only some of its
11,500-megawatt generation capacity.[10]
In generating and distributing electricity, the failure to adequately manage
the load leads to extensive load shedding which results in severe disruption
in the industrial production and other economic activities. A recent survey
reveals that power outages result in a loss of industrial output worth $1
billion a year which reduces the GDP growth by about half a percentage
point in Bangladesh. A major hurdle in efficiently delivering power is caused
by the inefficient distribution system. It is estimated that the total
transmission and distribution losses in Bangladesh amount to one-third of
the total generation, the value of which is equal to US$247 million per year.
In 2011, there were proposals to upgrade the grid technologies to digital
smart metering systems and investing in renewable energy technologies to
produce 5% of total power generation by 2015 & 10% by 2020, as noted in
the National Renewable Energy Policy of 2008. American engineer Sanwar
Sunny said that the city should put more effort in zoning areas to
encourage more self-reliant subdivisions and higher density housing
around subways to be more sustainable, as during peak times load
shedding would not affect everyone. It will reduce effects of power cuts and
provide stability to the power sector. He proposed that Radio
transmitters could be operating remotely in unlicensed radio bands using
two way real time communication and transmit coded instructions from
the central to the circuit breakers in selected coordinates of the micro
grids substations thereby maintain multiple power flow lines with automated
control and digital metering. Using this technology, Feed-in tariffs (FIT)
would also be possible, as the energy usage could be monitored remotely
and private power generation and energy efficient entities could be offered
rebates and incentives. "This will also expedite investments in this sector,
create job opportunities for engineering graduates and technicians, and
ease pressures on the government" he said. Think tanks such as
Bangladesh Solar Energy Society and Renewable Energy Institute (REI),
along with European International Development Government Agencies
such as Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit supported this scheme. However, The Secretary of
the Ministry of Power, Government of Bangladesh has said that the
government has no plans to do so.[22]

Waste Disposal
There are arguments in favor of nuclear energy when compared to the use
of coal.[dubious – discuss] For example, a single 1000 MW coal-fired plant
produces over 300,000 tons of ash, 44,000 tons of sulphur dioxide, 22,000
tons of Nitrous Oxide and 6 million tons of carbon. In contrast, a 1000 MW
of nuclear power plant produces 3 cubic meters of waste after reprocessing
the spent fuel, 300 tons of radioactive waste and 0.20 tons of plutonium.
However, a unit ton of nuclear waste is far more dangerous than the same
amount of coal-fired plant waste, if not managed properly. At the same
time, dealing with nuclear wastes is more expensive.[8]
Nuclear waste disposal will be managed by Radioactive Waste
Management Company, to be formed according to Bangladesh
government’s National Policy on Radioactive Waste and Spent Nuclear
Fuel Management-2019.[9] Bangladesh plans to store nuclear waste for a
given period, after which the waste will be brought to Russia.[9] Spent fuel
may be reprocessed in Russia for fast breeder reactors.[10]
According to the 4th IPCC, climate change in the region of the project area
could cause exacerbate significant river erosion, deposition and flooding
which would be of concern.[8] River erosion is a significant hazard along all
of Bangladesh's rivers which destroys land and critical infrastructure
continually, rendering thousands homeless and displaced every year. The
site area immediately downstream from the Indian border is in addition
vulnerable to unilateral bank protection construction.

Conclusion
Energy planning of a developing country such as
Bangladesh is a great challenge if a target is set to ensure
sustainable development. Being low the present energy
consumption of Bangladesh, the road map of its development
is affected greatly. Since the gap between demand and
generation for electricity is increasing day by day, there is no
alternative way to meet the power crisis without nuclear
power. If Bangladesh is to get out of the chronic power
shortage problem and look for energy security, entry into a
long term nuclear power program should not be delayed
anymore and decision has to be made by Bangladesh not by
other countries. Safety and safeguards issues can be dealt
with by BAEC and IAEA

References

1. "Present Installed Generation Capacity (MW) as on 30 June,

2018". bpdb.gov.bd. Bangladesh Power Development Board. Retrieved 17
July 2018.
2. ^ "Nuclear Power in Bangladesh". world-nuclear.org. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
3. ^ "Booming Energy Sector Of Bangladesh: 90 Percent Have Access To The
Electricity". bdnewsnet.com. Dhaka,Bangladesh. Bangladesh News Network. 12
July 2018. Retrieved 17
July 2018. http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/bpdb/index.php?option=com_content&view=
article&id=150&Itemid=16
4. ^ "Key Statistics". Bangladesh Power Development Board. Retrieved 3
November 2014.
5. ^ "In pictures: Celebrating 20,000MW of power". Dhaka Tribune. 8 September
2018. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
6. ^ Jump up to:a b Rashid and Sajjad (20 August 2018). "Powering the
nation". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
7. ^ "Source of Light in Bangladesh : 2015". Archived from the original on 15
August 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
8. ^ "Govt plans to sign energy pact with Bangladesh". The Himalayan Times. 16
April 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
9. ^ "Nasrul: Lack in electricity management caused blackout – Dhaka
Tribune". dhakatribune.com. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
10. ^ Jump up to:a b "Nationwide blackout in Bangladesh ends – LA Times". Los
Angeles Times. 2 November 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
11. Sunny 2011, p. 136
12. ^ Randeep Ramesh, "Six killed in protests over UK mining firm in
Bangladesh", The Guardian, 29 August 2006, accessed 25 March 2013
13. ^ "WikiLeaks cables: US pushed for reopening of Bangladesh coal mine", The
Guardian, 21 December 2010
14. ^ "Massive protest in London" Archived 24 February 2013 at the Wayback
Machine, BanglaNews24, 10 December 2010, accessed 25 March 2013
15. ^ Jump up to:a b Rahman and Sarker (2 February 2018). "Nuclear power:
Surviving on secrecy and misinformation". The Daily Star. Retrieved 4
January 2019.
16. ^ Rahman and Kholilullah (October 2017). "Use of Solar Panel at Rural Areas in
Bangladesh: Impacts, Financial Viability and Future Prospects". International
Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 6 (10). S2CID 51499628.
17. ^ Imam, Badrul (11 April 2018). "Why is solar power development so slow in
Bangladesh?". The Daily Star. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
18. ^ http://energybangla.com/largest-solar-power-plant-starts-operation-in-teknaf/
19. ^ Md. A. Akbar, “An assessment of the geothermal potential of Bangladesh”,
United Nations University, Geothermal Training Programme, Orkustofnun,
Grensasvegur 9, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland, Reports 2011, Number 5.
20. ^ D.K. Guha, H. Henkel, and B. Imam, “Geothermal potential in Bangladesh -
results from investigations of abandoned deep wells,” Proceedings of the World
Geothermal Congress 2010, Bali, Indonesia, April 2010.
21. ^ M. Rahman, “Geothermal potential resources in Thakurgaon district, northern
Bangladesh,” Bangladesh Journal of Geology, 25:13-30, 2006.
22. ^ Faisal Mahmud (20 August 2011). "Experts for microgrids to ease power
woes". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012.
Retrieved 31 March 2008.
23. ^ Mamun, Shohel (7 June 2018). "Budget FY19: Rooppur nuclear plant receives
highest allocation among mega projects". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 4
January 2019.