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Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Nations and each other through the co-ordinating machinery of the United Nations
Economic and Social Council at the intergovernmental level, and through the Chief Executives Board for co-ordination (CEB) at the inter-secretariat level.[1]
Specialized agencies may or may not have been originally created by the United Nations, but they are incorporated into the United Nations System by the United
Nations Economic and Social Council acting under Articles 57 and 63 of the United Nations Charter. At present the UN has in total 15[2][3][4][note 1] specialized
agencies that carry out various functions on behalf of the UN. The specialized agencies are listed below.[7]
Contents
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
World Bank Group (WBG)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
International Development Association (IDA)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO or WTO)
Former specialized agencies
Related organizations
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Summary
Notes
References
External links
The IMO is supported by a permanent secretariat of employees who are representative of its members. The secretariat is
composed of a Secretary-General who is periodically elected by the Assembly, and various divisions including, inter alia,
marine safety, environmental protection, and a conference section. It also promotes international cooperation in education,
science and culture.
IMO flag.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Monetary Fund (IMF) is part of the United Nations system and has a formal relationship agreement with the UN, but retains its independence.[8] The
IMF provides monetary cooperation and financial stability and acts as a forum for advice, negotiation and assistance on financial issues. It is headquartered in
Washington D.C., United States of America.
The IBRD makes loans to developing countries for development programmes with the stated goal of reducing poverty. It is part of the World Bank Group (WBG).
The IFC is the largest multilateral source of loan and equity financing for private sector projects in the developing world. It is part of the World Bank Group
(WBG).
The IDA's mandate is close to that of IBRD, with the focus on the poorest countries. It is part of the World Bank Group (WBG).
Related organizations
There are other intergovernmental organizations that have concluded cooperation agreements with the United Nations. In terms of cooperation structures, some
agreements come very close to the relationship agreements concluded under articles 57 and 63 of the UN Charter with the specialized agencies, but due to Charter
requirements that the agencies deal with "economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields", organizations with such agreements are not formally
specialized agencies of the United Nations.[9][10][11][12][13][14] These organizations are termed Related Organizations by the UN.[15]
The IAEA established such an agreement with the UN in 1957, and the OPCW and the CTBTO used this model for agreements of their own with the
UN.[13][14][16]
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission preparatory commission is tasked with preparing the activities of the nuclear
non-proliferation organization.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization for scientific and technical cooperation in the field of nuclear technology. It
is headquartered in Vienna, Austria. It seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for military purposes. The IAEA was set up as an
autonomous organization on 29 July 1957. Prior to this, in 1953, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower envisioned the creation of this international body to control
and develop the use of atomic energy, in his "Atoms for Peace" speech before the UN General Assembly.[17] The
organization and its former Director General, Mohamed ElBaradei, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize announced
on 7 October 2005. As of March 2015, the IAEA's membership is 164 countries.[18]
Due to historical reasons and the political nature of its work, the IAEA is not a specialized agency. Instead, its relationship
to the United Nations is governed by a special agreement as well as by its statute that commits the IAEA to report annually
to the General Assembly and, when appropriate, to the Security Council.[19]
Since September 2016, IOM has been a related organization to the United Nations with its headquarters in Geneva,
Switzerland.[20] The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is an intergovernmental organization that provides services and advice concerning migration
to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers.
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organization, located in The Hague, Netherlands. The organization
promotes and verifies the adherence to the Chemical Weapons Convention which prohibits of the use of chemical weapons and requires their destruction. The
verification consists both of evaluation of declarations by members states and on-site inspections.
The WTO was established instead of the failed proposal for a specialized agency dealing with trade issues, the International Trade Organization. WTO
headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
Summary
Location Location Precursor Map an
No. Logo Official name Abbreviation Established Member states Other participants
(Country) (City) established referenc
observer states:
Holy See,
Palestine
observer entities:
Order of Malta
United New York the UN observer
– United Nations UN 1945 1920
States City members regional UN (https://w
un.org/en/m
organizations:[21]
ers/index.sh
European Union
other observer
entities and
organizations[22]
Specialized agencies
the UN associate
Food and members members: Faroe
Italy except Islands, Tokelau FAO (http://
1 Agriculture FAO Rome 1945 —
Liechtenstein member fao.org/unfa
Organization
Cook Islands, organization: vbodies/me
Niue European Union nations_reg
asp)
the UN
International Civil members
2 Aviation ICAO Canada Montreal 1947 — except —
ICAO (http:/
Organization Liechtenstein w.icao.int/ic
Cook Islands n/members
the UN
members
except
Andorra,
Australia,
Bahrain,
Belarus,
Brunei,
Bulgaria,
Czech
Republic,
International Fund Latvia, IFAD (https
3 for Agricultural IFAD Italy Rome 1977 — Liechtenstein, observers: Holy b.archive.or
Development Lithuania, See b/20130803
Monaco, 39/http://ww
Montenegro, d.org/gover
San Marino, e/ifad/ms.ht
Serbia,
Singapore,
Slovenia,
Slovakia,
Turkmenistan,
Ukraine
Cook Islands,
Niue
the UN
members
except
International Andorra,
4 Labour ILO Geneva 1919 — Bhutan, — ILO (http://w
Organization Switzerland Liechtenstein, o.org/public
Micronesia, sh/standard
Monaco, m/country.h
Nauru, North
Korea
the UN
members
except
International United Washington, Andorra,
6 IMF 1945 — Cuba, — IMF (http://w
Monetary Fund States D.C.
Liechtenstein, mf.org/exter
Monaco, and p/sec/memd
North Korea; mbers.htm)
Kosovo
associate
members:
Anguila, Aruba,
British Virgin
Islands, Cayman
Islands,
Curaçao, Faroe
the UN Islands, Macau,
United Nations members Montserrat, New
UNESCO (h
Educational, except Israel, Caledonia, Sint
s://www.web
8 Scientific and UNESCO France Paris 1946 1922 Liechtenstein, Maarten,
on.org/618jo
Cultural United States Tokelau
b?url=http://
Organization Cook Islands, observers: Holy nesco.org/p
Niue, See UNESCOM
Palestine NOC only: rStates.asp
Liechtenstein, uage=en)
Hong Kong,
Bermuda, Guam,
American
Samoa, Puerto
Rico, US Virgin
Islands
the UN
members
except
Andorra,
Australia,
Brunei,
Canada,
Estonia,
Iceland,
Kiribati,
Latvia,
United Nations Liechtenstein,
Industrial Lithuania, observers: Holy
9 UNIDO Austria Vienna 1985 1966 See, Order of UNIDO (http
Development Nauru, New
Malta ww.unido.or
Organization Zealand (as ex.php?id=o
of 31 9)
December
2013), Palau,
San Marino,
Singapore,
Solomon
Islands, South
Sudan, United
Kingdom,
United States
Palestine[23]
the UN
member
members
countries: Aruba,
except
Curaçao and
Andorra,
Sint Maarten,
Universal Postal Marshall
10 UPU Bern 1874 — British Overseas UPU (http://
Union Switzerland Islands, the
Territories, upu.int/en/th
Federated
Overseas u/member-c
States of
France ies.html)
Micronesia,
Palau observers:
Palestine
Vatican City
associate
members:
the UN Puerto Rico,
members Tokelau
World Health except
12 WHO Geneva 1948 1907 observers:
Organization Switzerland Liechtenstein WHO (http:/
Chinese Taipei
w.who.int/co
Cook Islands, (2009-2016),
es/en/)
Niue Holy See,
Palestine, Order
of Malta
the UN
members
World Intellectual except
13 Property WIPO Geneva 1967 — Micronesia, observers:
Switzerland Palau, South Palestine WIPO (http:
Organization
Sudan w.wipo.int/m
ers/en/)
Holy See,
Niue
the UN
members
except
Equatorial
Guinea,
Grenada, member
Liechtenstein, territories: British
Marshall Caribbean WMO (https
World Islands, Territories, b.archive.or
14 Meteorological WMO Geneva 1950 1873 Palau, Saint Curaçao and b/20111010
Organization Switzerland Sint Maartin, 57/http://ww
Kitts and
Nevis, Saint French mo.int/page
Vincent and Polynesia, Hong mbers/mem
the Kong, Macau, hip/index_e
Grenadines, New Caledonia l)
and San
Marino
Cook Islands,
Niue
the UN
members
except
Antigua and
Barbuda,
Belgium,
Belize,
Canada,
Denmark,
Dominica,
Estonia,
Finland,
Grenada,
Guyana,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Kiribati,
Latvia,
Liechtenstein, associate
Luxembourg, members:
Marshall Aruba, Flemish
Islands, Community, UNWTO (ht
World Tourism Spain Micronesia,
15 UNWTO Madrid 1974 1925 Hong Kong, web.archive
Organization Nauru, New Macau, Madeira, web/200707
Zealand, Puerto Rico 1037/http://w
Norway, Saint unwto.org/s
Kitts and observers: Holy
See, Palestine index.php)
Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint
Vincent and
the
Grenadines,
Singapore,
Solomon
Islands,
Suriname,
Sweden,
Tonga,
Trinidad and
Tobago,
Tuvalu,
United Arab
Emirates,
United
Kingdom,
United States
Related organizations
16 Comprehensive CTBTO Prep Austria Vienna 1996 — —
Nuclear-Test-Ban Com the UN
Treaty members
Organization except
Preparatory Bhutan,
Commission Cuba, CTBTO (htt
Dominica, ww.ctbto.org
India, treaty/status
Mauritius, gnature-and
North Korea, cation/)
Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia,
Somalia,
South Sudan,
Syria, Tonga,
Tuvalu
Cook Islands,
Holy See and
Niue
the UN
members
except
Andorra,
Bhutan, Cape
Verde,
Comoros,
Equatorial
Guinea,
Gambia,
Grenada,
Guinea,
Guinea-
Bissau,
Kiribati,
International Maldives,
17 Atomic Energy IAEA Austria Vienna 1957 — Micronesia, — IAEA (http:/
Agency Nauru, North w.iaea.org/A
Korea, Saint t/Policy/Mem
Kitts and States/)
Nevis, Saint
Lucia,
Samoa, São
Tomé and
Príncipe,
Solomon
Islands,
Somalia,
South Sudan,
Suriname,
Timor-Leste,
Tonga, Tuvalu
Holy See
the UN
members
Organisation for except Egypt,
the Prohibition of Israel, North
18 OPCW Hague 1997 — Korea and — OPCW (http
Chemical Netherlands
Weapons South Sudan w.opcw.org/
Cook Islands, t-opcw/mem
Holy See and states/)
Niue
8 observer states
International (over 80 global and
172 member
20 Organization for IOM Geneva 1951 — regional IGOs and
Switzerland states
Migration NGOs are also IOM (https:/
observers) w.iom.int/)
Notes
1. In some sources,[5][6] the UN indicates that there are 17 specialized agencies, when counting the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the International Development Association (IDA), all part of the World
Bank Group (WBG), as individual specialized agencies.
References
13. Bothe, Michael; Ronzitti, Natalino; Rosas, Allan, eds. (1998). The
1. "The United Nations System" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080109 New Chemical Weapons Convention: Implementation and Prospects
184227/http://www.un.org/aboutun/chart_en.pdf) (PDF). Archived (https://books.google.com/books?id=m9G6xaGx8fgC). Kluwer Law
from the original (https://www.un.org/aboutun/chart_en.pdf) (PDF) on
International. p. 6. "The Organization is not a specialized agency of
9 January 2008. the United Nations (UN), but it will have a special relationship with it,
2. "REPERTORY OF PRACTICE OF UNITED NATIONS ORGANS to be organized on the basis of an agreement between the two
SUPPLEMENT No. 10 (2000–2009) – ARTICLE 17(3)" (https://web.a organizations. It could not be a specialized agency within the
rchive.org/web/20131019223038/http://legal.un.org/repertory/art17/e meaning of Articles 57 and 63 of the UN Charter, as these provisions
nglish/rep_supp10_vol2_art17_3_e_advance.pdf) (PDF). United presuppose that the functions of the agency fall within the powers of
Nations. Archived from the original (http://legal.un.org/repertory/art1 the UN Economic and Social Council, which is clearly not the case
7/english/rep_supp10_vol2_art17_3_e_advance.pdf) (PDF) on 19 with the OPCW. Its status will rather be comparable to that of the
October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013. "The number of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)."
specialized agencies thus rose to fifteen." 14. Lattanzi, Flavia; Schabas, William, eds. (2014). Essays on the Rome
3. Eckart Klein: United Nations, Specialized Agencies, para.9. In: Max Statute of the International Criminal Court (https://books.google.com/
Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (http://www.mpepil.c books?id=oy-nxUyXqfgC). 2. Il Sirente. p. 64.
om). 15. "DIRECTORY OF UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM ORGANIZATIONS –
4. "What are UN specialized agencies, and how many are there?" (htt Related Organizations" (https://www.unsystem.org/members/related-
p://ask.un.org/faq/140935). Dag Hammarskjöld Library. Retrieved organizations). United Nations. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
11 March 2018. "There are currently 15 specialized agencies: ..."
16. "International Affairs" (https://books.google.com/books?ei=vmgJUau
5. "UN Specialized Agencies" (http://research.un.org/en/docs/unsyste aD6OiiQKE8oG4Dw&id=LNQMAQAAMAAJ). 53 (4–6). Znanye
m/sa). Dag Hammarskjöld Library. Retrieved 11 March 2018. "There Publishing House. 2007: 63. "IAEA, for example, is not a UN
are 17 Specialized Agencies: ..." specialized agency. It submits annual reports to the UN General
6. "World Bank Group" (http://research.un.org/c.php?g=756034&p=543 Assembly and to the Security Council, when necessary. If any
5564#s-lg-box-wrapper-20157664). Dag Hammarskjöld Library / UN questions arise that fall within the purview of the Security Council,
System Documentation. Retrieved 11 March 2018. "... IBRD, IFC the IAEA notifies the SC accordingly. The IAEA's special relationship
and IDA are Specialized Agencies of the UN ..." with the UN and UN SC is also specified in an agreement between
7. UN structure and organization, United Nations specialized agencies the IAEA and the UN in 1957. Under this agreement the IAEA
(https://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/index.shtml) cooperates with the Security Council by furnishing it, at its request,
8. "REPERTORY OF PRACTICE OF UNITED NATIONS ORGANS with such information and assistance as may be required in the
exercise of its responsibility for maintenance or restoration of
SUPPLEMENT NO. 9 (1995–1999) – VOLUME II – ARTICLE 17(3)"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20131019223041/http://legal.un.org/rep international peace and security. This agreement has since served
ertory/art17/english/rep_supp9_vol2-art17_3_e_advance.pdf) (PDF). as a model for UN agreements with nonproliferation organizations
United Nations. Archived from the original (http://legal.un.org/reperto such as the OPCW and the CTBTO"
ry/art17/english/rep_supp9_vol2-art17_3_e_advance.pdf) (PDF) on 17. About IAEA: History (http://www.iaea.org/About/history.html)
19 October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013. 18. "IAEA By Numbers" (http://www.iaea.org/About/by_the_numbers.htm
9. List of Agreements between Specialized Agencies and the United l). www.iaea.org. 26 May 2014.
Nations (http://www.unsceb.org/ceb/about/agreements/list) 19. Johan Rautenbach: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),
10. "The UN System, Chief Executives Board for Coordination" (http://w para.2. In: Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (htt
ww.unsceb.org/ceb/about/un). Unsceb.org. Retrieved 22 January p://www.mpepil.com).
2013.: "The Executive Heads of IAEA and WTO are invited to 20. "IOM Becomes a Related Organization to the UN" (https://www.iom.i
meetings of the CEB like any other specialized agency head." nt/news/iom-becomes-related-organization-un). International
11. The United Nations System chart (http://www.unsceb.org/chart/inde Organization for Migration. 26 July 2016.
x/chart_en.pdf), Published by the United Nations Department of 21. Regional organizations allowed by their member states to speak on
Public Information, December 2007 their behalf.
12. "Organization Chart – United Nations System Chief Executives 22. Listed in the table are only these UN observers that participate in the
Board for Coordination" (https://www.unsystem.org/organizationchar 15 specialized agencies, IAEA, ICJ and WTO.
t). www.unsystem.org. 23. "Member States List" (https://www.unido.org/member_states).
UNIDO. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
External links
UN official site (http://www.un.org)
system
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