2015 Construction Cost Handbook China & Hong Kong PDF

Electronic Cost Handbook
We have a number of options for accessing an electronic

version of our Cost Handbook:

1. Download the PDF version from our website to your
iPhone or iPad.
○ Using Safari browser, go to www.LangdonSeah.com
○ Tap “Publications” at the top menu
○ Select “Annual Construction Cost Handbook”
category
○ Select “China and Hong Kong” region
○ Tap “PDF Download”
○ Tap "Open in ...."
○ Tap "Open in iBooks"
○ You can then go to iBooks to read the downloaded
2015 Construction Cost Handbook, even when
your iPhone or iPad is in Airplane mode
2. For Android Smart Phone and Tablet users, scan the
QR code below to directly access the PDF file.
○ Tap “PDF Download”
○ You can then go to "Download" folder to read the
downloaded 2016 Construction Cost Handbook,
even when your Smart Phone is in Airplane mode
3. Or download our App to your Smart Phone or iPad by

searching for Langdon & Seah Cost Handbook in the
App Store or Google Play.
Handbook Cover Photos:-

2 1. Ritz-Carlton, Shenzhen
1 2. One Central Residences, Macau
3 3. M+ Phase 1, West Kowloon Cultural District, Hong Kong**
4 4. Academic and Administration Building, City University of
5 Hong Kong
5. Nanning CRC MixC Mall, Nanning
** Design by M+ Consultancy JV (Herzog & de Meuron, TFP Farrells, Ove Arup & Partners HK)
Image Courtesy of M+ Consultancy JV (Hdm, TFP and OAP)
The following handbook of information relating to the
construction industry has been compiled by:
Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited,

An Arcadis Company
38/F, AIA Kowloon Tower, Landmark East
100 How Ming Street
Kwun Tong, Kowloon
Hong Kong

Telephone : (852) 2830 3500
Fax : (852) 2576 0416
Email : info-hk@arcadis.com
Website : www.arcadis.com
© Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited 2016
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

re-produced or copied in any form without prior written
permission from Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited.
The information contained herein should be regarded

as indicative and for general guidance only. Whilst
every effort has been made to ensure accuracy,
no responsibility can be accepted for errors and
omissions, however caused.
If advice concerning individual projects is required, we

would be happy to assist.
Unless otherwise stated, costs reflected in this handbook

are Hong Kong costs at 4th Quarter 2015.
Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited would like to

acknowledge the assistance of Knight Frank and
Baker & McKenzie in providing additional data and
information for this publication.
ISO 14001 : 2004 OHSAS 18001 : 2007 ISO 9001 : 2008

Certificate No. : CC5456 Certificate No. : CC5457 Certificate No. : CC271
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents 1
Calendars 3
About Us 5
Health & Safety Management System 7
Quality Management System 8
Environmental Management System 9
1. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

Construction Costs for Hong Kong 11
M&E Costs for Hong Kong 13
ACMV Costs for Various Designs
and Developments in Hong Kong 15
Fit-out Costs for Hong Kong 17
Unit Costs for Ancillary Facilities
for Hong Kong 19
Construction Costs for Selected Asian Cities 21
M&E Costs for Selected Asian Cities 27
Major Rates for Selected Asian Cities 33
Construction Cost Specification 39
2. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA

2016 Outlook 45
Building Cost Trends in Hong Kong 51
Labour Index in Hong Kong 54
Material Prices in Hong Kong 55
Progress Payments 58
Estimating Rules of Thumb and Design Norms 59
Construction Activity in Hong Kong 65
Construction Value in Hong Kong 66
Hong Kong General Construction Insurance 67
Specified Forms for Buildings Ordinance
or Regulations for Hong Kong 69
Summary of Building Regulations for
Hong Kong 73
Percentage Site Coverage and Plot Ratios
for Hong Kong 74
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
FIREE Recordals Tracker: October 2015
Update 77
Procurement Strategies and Form of Contracts 81
3. PROPERTY
Property Commentary 87
Property Indicators 93
Gross Floor Area (GFA) Calculations
in Hong Kong 95
in PRC 97
Construction Floor Area (CFA) Definition 99
4. FINANCIAL
Financial Definitions 101
Financial Formulae 102
Mortgage Repayment Table 103
Composite CPI 104
Prime Rates 105
Exchange Rates 107
Currency Charts 109
Hang Seng Index 112
5. OTHER INFORMATION
Utility Costs for Selected Asian Cities 115
Conversion Factors 119
IDD Codes and Time Differences 121
Public Holidays 123
Arcadis Asia Leadership Team 133
Arcadis Asia Sectors 135
Arcadis Asia Services 138
Directory of Offices 140
Telephone Directory 156
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
CALENDARS

2015
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH
S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 31
APRIL MAY JUNE

1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
2015
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 27 28 29 30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER

1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 5
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
26 27 28 29 30 31 23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30
OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 27 28 29 30 31

2016
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
24/31
25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 27 28 29 30 31
APRIL MAY JUNE

1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2016
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30

1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
2 4/31
25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30

1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
2 3/30 24/31
25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29
30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
3 CALENDARS

2017
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
29 30 31 26 27 28 26 27 28 29 30 31
APRIL MAY JUNE

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2017
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
2 3/30
24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30

1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
2 3/30 24/31
25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30

2018
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
APRIL MAY JUNE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 1 2
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2018
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
29 30 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 31 23/30 24 25 26 27 28 29

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29
CALENDARS 4
LANGDON & SEAH, AN ARCADIS COMPANY
ABOUT US
Cost management is a fundamental part of our Design &

Consultancy business. Across the world today, no other
organisation employs or trains more cost managers than
Arcadis. We can call upon the skills and expertise of
almost 6000 talented and experienced quantity surveyors
and commercial managers based in regions including
Asia, the Middle East, the UK and Continental Europe.
Within Asia we have the best and most experienced cost

management teams in each of the 13 markets across the
region where we currently operate. Our cost management
capability was first established in Singapore in 1934 as
Waters & Watson, and over the last 80 years we have
grown significantly as Davis Langdon & Seah and, more
recently, as Langdon & Seah. In September 2015 we
moved to adopt a single Arcadis brand across the world
and in doing so, established a truly world-class cost
management offering.
Our cost management heritage is particularly strong

in Greater China having set up our first office in Hong
Kong back in 1949. We entered the Mainland China
market in 1984, introducing modern cost management
techniques to its newly evolving construction market. Our
initial commissions were from Hong Kong and foreign
developers investing in China, however since then our
client base has grown to include state owned enterprises
and local developers. Today we have over 50 offices
spread across Greater China and the wider Asia region,
and employ more than 5,000 colleagues.
Throughout our history, we have a proud tradition of

providing world-class construction consulting services for
all types of building and infrastructure projects. As Arcadis
we are committed to further extending our professional
expertise to include new areas like whole-life costing, and
to supporting the growing number of clients in Asia who
are looking for high quality cost management solutions
as they embark on projects in other parts of the world.
5 LANGDON & SEAH, AN ARCADIS COMPANY

Our Core Values
Integrity
We perform business in an honest and responsible

way, working to the highest professional standards.
Client Focus
We are enterpreneurial and agile, passionate about

creating value for our clients and achieving high
performance.
Collaboration
We believe in diversity, the power of global teamwork

and that by working as one we can deliver exceptional
outcomes.
Sustainability
We own the responsibility to sustain our world and

society in a balanced way with health, safety and well-
being of our people central to all we do.
LANGDON & SEAH, AN ARCADIS COMPANY 6

HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Based on the
recognized international
standards of ISO 14001
and OHSAS 18001,
Langdon & Seah has
implemented a Health
and Safety Management
System which is part
of our integrated
Environmental
and Occupational
Health and Safety
Management System
(EHS). This system strives to eliminate or at least
minimize occupational health and safety risks to anyone
associated with our activities and services.
To help all offices in HK, China and Macau work on health

& safety issues, we have a designated coordinator in each
of our Langdon and Seah offices to assist in planning,
implementing, monitoring and reporting H&S issues.
Following the success of our Health & Safety accreditation

in Hong Kong in 2012, we have been progressively rolling
out our H&S management system across all our offices
in China and Macau.
Langdon & Seah strives to achieve zero incidents in

everything we do ensuring the health, safety and well-
being of our employees and stakeholders. Based on a
strong H&S culture within the ARCADIS group companies,
we integrate Health & Safety standards and best practices
into our solutions that bring positive outcomes for our
employees and clients.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Nowadays an effective
Quality Management
System is one of the core
elements in any kind of
business. Langdon and
Seah aims to provide
not merely quantity
surveying services but
also the highest quality
services to meet our
clients’ requirements.
We launched our Quality

Management System in the Hong Kong office in 1993 and
have continually upgraded
our quality standards
since then. Langdon &
Seah China Limited (Hong
Kong office) was certified
to the ISO 9001:2008
standard in December
2009. The System and
ISO 9001 Standard were
further extended to Macau
as well as our seventeen
China offices. This year
our Hengqin office will
also be certified to ISO 9001:2008.
LANGDON & SEAH, AN ARCADIS COMPANY 8

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
As a socially responsible
company, we have been
formally implementing
our Environmental and
Occupational Health
and Safety Management
System (EHS) in Hong
Kong since 2012,
when HKQAA certified
us to both ISO 14001
(Environmental)
and OHSAS 18001
(Occupational Health
& Safety). With work-
related environmental protection measures, we have been
successful in reducing the impact of our activities on the
environment and improving our operating efficiency. After
extending our system to the Macau office in 2014, we are
implementing a gradual roll-out of these standards across
all our offices in China.
In September 2013, we introduced our Document

Management System (DMS) in our Hong Kong office with
the aim of eventually creating a paperless green office.
All incoming drawings and hardcopy documents are
scanned and uploaded to our system for instant review
by our staff members. This has resulted in reducing paper
usage, freeing up more storage space and providing better
traceability of documents.
For Langdon & Seah, environmental protection and

resource conservation are high-priority corporate goals.
To help transform our workplace into a green office,
we continue to devise more environmentally friendly
standards and practices.

CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
1
Construction Costs for Hong Kong
M&E Costs for Hong Kong
ACMV Costs for Various Designs and

Developments in Hong Kong
Fit-out Costs for Hong Kong
Unit Costs for Ancillary Facilities

for Hong Kong
Construction Costs for Selected Asian

Cities
M&E Costs for Selected Asian Cities
Major Rates for Selected Asian Cities
Construction Cost Specification

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR HONG KONG 1
11
HK$/m2 CFA
BUILDING TYPE
BUILDING SERVICES TOTAL
DOMESTIC
Apartments, high rise, public authority standard 9,200 - 11,850 1,800 - 2,150 11,000 - 14,000
Apartments, high rise, average standard 20,700 - 23,500 3,800 - 5,300 24,500 - 28,800
Apartments, high rise, high end 28,100 - 31,900 5,000 - 6,600 33,100 - 38,500
Terraced houses, average standard 30,050 - 34,550 3,550 - 4,650 33,600 - 39,200
Detached houses, high end 39,700 - 43,850 3,800 - 5,650 43,500 - 49,500
OFFICE / COMMERCIAL
Medium/high rise offices, average standard 18,400 - 21,500 5,600 - 7,000 24,000 - 28,500
High rise offices, prestige quality 23,500 - 28,750 6,300 - 7,950 29,800 - 36,700
Out-of-town shopping centre, average standard 18,300 - 21,800 6,200 - 7,000 24,500 - 28,800
Retail malls, high end 26,200 - 30,900 6,400 - 7,800 32,600 - 38,700
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR HONG KONG

HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market 24,250 - 25,200 7,050 - 8,600 31,300 - 33,800
Business hotels - 4/5-star 25,150 - 29,250 7,650 - 9,550 32,800 - 38,800
Luxury hotels - 5-star 30,750 - 34,950 7,650 - 9,550 38,400 - 44,500
INDUSTRIAL

Owner operated factories, low rise, light weight industry 16,550 - 20,850 2,250 - 3,050 18,800 - 23,900
OTHERS
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) 15,900 - 19,350 2,600 - 3,650 18,500 - 23,000
Multi storey car parks, above ground(<4 levels) 9,550 - 10,350 1,950 - 3,150 11,500 - 13,500
Schools (primary and secondary) 17,400 - 18,150 2,800 - 3,750 20,200 - 21,900
Students' residences 15,150 - 17,000 4,650 - 6,000 19,800 - 23,000
Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure centres (dry sports) 24,800 - 27,150 6,200 - 7,850 31,000 - 35,000
with a/c and including FF&E
General hospitals - public sector 31,300 - 34,800 8,700 - 10,700 40,000 - 45,500
The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2015 levels.
12
M&E COSTS FOR HONG KONG 1
13
HK$/m2 CFA
BUILDING TYPE
MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL FIRE LIFTS/ HYDRAULIC TOTAL
SERVICES SERVICES SERVICES ESCALATORS SERVICES SERVICES
DOMESTIC
Apartments, high rise, public authority -- 600 - 700 150 - 200 300 - 350 750 - 900 1,800 - 2,150
standard
Apartments, high rise, average standard 850 - 1,100 1,100 - 1,400 150 - 250 450 - 750 1,250 - 1,800 3,800 - 5,300
Apartments, high rise, high end 1,400 - 1,750 1,400 - 1,750 150 - 250 550 - 850 1,500 - 2,000 5,000 - 6,600
Terraced houses, average standard 1,100 - 1,500 1,150 - 1,450 100 - 200 -- 1,200 - 1,500 3,550 - 4,650
Detached houses, high end 1,100 - 1,900 1,400 - 2,050 100 - 200 -- 1,200 - 1,500 3,800 - 5,650
OFFICE / COMMERCIAL
M&E COSTS FOR HONG KONG
Medium/high rise offices, average standard 2,000 - 2,400 1,750 - 2,200 550 - 700 700 - 950 600 - 750 5,600 - 7,000
High rise offices, prestige quality 2,200 - 2,800 2,100 - 2,500 550 - 700 850 - 1,200 600 - 750 6,300 - 7,950
Out-of-town shopping centre, average 2,300 - 2,500 1,900 - 2,100 550 - 700 850 - 950 600 - 750 6,200 - 7,000
standard
Retail malls, high end 2,300 - 2,850 2,100 - 2,500 550 - 700 850 - 1,000 600 - 750 6,400 - 7,800

HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market 2,200 - 2,500 1,900 - 2,200 600 - 850 550 - 750 1,800 - 2,300 7,050 - 8,600
Business hotels - 4/5-star 2,300 - 2,750 2,200 - 2,600 600 - 850 550 - 850 2,000 - 2,500 7,650 - 9,550
Luxury hotels - 5-star 2,300 - 2,750 2,200 - 2,600 600 - 850 550 - 850 2,000 - 2,500 7,650 - 9,550
INDUSTRIAL
Owner operated factories, low rise, light 200 - 300 650 - 900 400 - 500 550 - 750 450 - 600 2,250 - 3,050

weight industry
OTHERS
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) 900 - 1,100 650 - 1,050 350 - 450 350 - 450 350 - 600 2,600 - 3,650
Multi storey car parks, above ground 350 - 800 550 - 850 350 - 450 350 - 450 350 - 600 1,950 - 3,150
(<4 levels)
Schools (primary and secondary) 750 - 1,100 1,050 - 1,250 350 - 500 200 - 350 450 - 550 2,800 - 3,750
Students' residences 850 - 1,100 1,800 - 2,100 600 - 850 200 - 350 1,200 - 1,600 4,650 - 6,000
Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure 2,700 - 3,200 2,000 - 2,700 600 - 850 350 - 450 550 - 650 6,200 - 7,850
centres (dry sports) with a/c and including
FF&E
General hospitals - public sector 3,600 - 4,200 2,600 - 3,150 700 - 950 400 - 600 1,400 - 1,800 8,700 - 10,700
14
1 CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
ACMV COSTS FOR VARIOUS DESIGNS

AND DEVELOPMENTS IN HONG KONG

CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 16
FIT-OUT COSTS FOR HONG KONG
BUILDING TYPE HK$/m 2
HOTELS
Public Areas (Front of House) :
3-star Hotel 10,000 - 14,500
4-star Hotel 15,000 - 21,000
5-star Hotel 21,000 up
Guest Rooms :
3-star Hotel 8,500 - 10,000
4-star Hotel 10,000 - 13,500
5-star Hotel 13,000 up
Notes :
1. Includes furniture, floor, wall and ceiling
finishes, drapery, sanitary fittings and
light fittings.
2. Excludes partitioning, M&E works, building
shell, chandeliers, operational items and
equipment (e.g. cutlery, crockery, linen,
television, refrigerator etc.), opening
expenses, stage equipment and computer
systems.
OFFICES
General office 6,000 - 9,500
Executive office 9,500 - 13,000
Prestige office 13,000 up
Notes :
1. Local/Taiwanese/PRC furniture allowed
for general offices.
2. Includes furniture, partitioning, electrical
work, minor alteration to air-conditioning,
fire services and suspended ceiling to
suit layout.
3. Excludes telephones, data cabling, office
equipment (e.g. computers, photocopiers,
fax machines, UPS, etc).

BUILDING TYPE HK$/m 2
DEPARTMENT STORES
General department store 7,500 - 12,000

Prestige department store 12,000 up
Notes :
1. Includes electrical work, additional FCU
and minor alteration of fire services to
suit layout.
2. Excludes facade modification, data
cabling, operational items and equipment
(e.g. computers, P.O.S., office equipment)
and opening expenses.
RESTAURANTS
General dining restaurant 10,000 - 19,500
Fine dining restaurant 22,000 up
Notes :
1. Includes furniture, floor, wall and ceiling
finishes, electrical work, minor alteration
to air-conditioning and fire services
installation to suit layout, exhaust for
kitchen.
2. Excludes exhaust flue, operational items
(e.g. cutlery, crockery, linen, utensils, etc.).
The costs per square meter are based on fit-out area measured to the inner
face of the perimeter wall.

UNIT COSTS FOR ANCILLARY FACILITIES

FOR HONG KONG
DESCRIPTION UNIT HK$
SQUASH COURTS
Single court with glass backwall

including associated mechanical and
electrical services but excluding any
public facilities (enclosing structure not
included). per court 600,000

TENNIS COURTS
Single court on grade with acrylic

surfacing and complete with chain link
fence. per court 1,350,000
Single court on grade with artificial turf
surfacing and complete with chain link
fence. per court 1,500,000
Extra for lighting. per court 500,000
SWIMMING POOLS
Half Olympic (25m x 10.50m) outdoor

swimming pool built on-grade, fully
tiled; complete with 5m wide deck and
associated pool equipment and ozone
system. per pool 9,500,000
PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT
Outdoor playground equipment 300,000

comprising various activities. per set to
700,000

DESCRIPTION UNIT HK$
SAUNAS
Sauna room for 4-6 people complete

with all accessories (enclosing structure
not included). per room 200,000

STEAM BATHS
Steam bath for 4-6 people complete with

all accessories (enclosing structure not
included). per room 200,000
GOLF COURSES
(Based on average cost of an 18-hole

golf course)
8,000,000
Excluding associated buildings and to
equipment. per hole 14,000,000
GREEN ROOF
Proprietary lightweight green roof 3,000

system; with automatic irrigation system to
(roofing and roof structure not included). per m2 6,000
VERTICAL GREEN
Vertical green system; wire frame 5,000

type, with automatic irrigation system to
(backgorund supporting wall not included). per m2 8,000

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
1
21
US$/m2 CFA
BUILDING TYPE
SHANGHAI + BEIJING + GUANGZHOU/ CHONGQING/ SHENYANG +
SHENZHEN + CHENGDU + DALIAN +
DOMESTIC
Apartments, high rise, average standard 675 - 750 630 - 695 520 - 575 490 - 645 520 - 590 560 - 650
ASIAN CITIES
Apartments, high rise, high end 1,645 - 1,800 1,575 - 1,795 865 - 955 785 - 1,040 860 - 965 1,070 - 1,170
Terraced houses, average standard 450 - 480 929 - 1,010 390 - 435 385 - 470 385 - 445 415 - 475
Detached houses, high end 675 - 750 1,795 - 1,875 535 - 590 530 - 630 520 - 565 560 - 625
OFFICE / COMMERCIAL
Medium/high rise offices, average standard 900 - 1,195 900 - 1,215 755 - 836 805 - 960 815 - 890 845 - 905
High rise offices, prestige quality 1,195 - 1,495 1,215 - 2,000 1,045 - 1,155 1,025 - 1,415 1,110 - 1,260 1,155 - 1,215
Out-of-town shopping centre, average N/A 695 - 930 720 - 795 630 - 835 666 - 740 740 - 830
standard
Retail malls, high end 1,270 - 1,645 1,245 - 1,715 1,065 - 1,175 1,100 - 1,495 1,110 - 1,260 1,140 - 1,290
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market 975 - 1,195 1,010 - 1,245 980 - 1,085 945 - 1,180 980 - 1,080 1,010 - 1,095
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED
Business hotels - 4/5-star 1,645 - 2,245 1,715 - 2,190 1,585 - 1,750 1,655 - 2,125 1,480 - 1,930 1,700 - 1,930
Luxury hotels - 5-star 2,245 - 2,695 2,190 - 2,820 2,160 - 2,385 N/A N/A N/A

INDUSTRIAL
Industrial units, shell only (Conventional 525 - 600 535 - 615 495 - 545 440 - 585 N/A N/A
single storey framed units)
Owner operated factories, low rise, light N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
weight industry
OTHERS
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) 750 - 1,050 770 - 850 500 - 795 N/A 560 - 625 N/A

Multi storey car parks, above ground 375 - 525 455 - 535 355 - 390 330 - 395 350 - 375 365 - 380
(<4 levels)
Schools (primary and secondary) 525 - 675 535 - 695 395 - 435 N/A N/A N/A
Students' residences 375 - 525 380 - 535 250 - 280 N/A N/A N/A
Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure 975 - 1,195 930 - 1,245 740 - 815 N/A N/A N/A
centres (dry sports)
General hospitals - public sector 1,495 - 1,945 1,245 - 1,560 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Exchange Rate Used : US$1 = RMB6.35 RMB6.35 RMB6.35 RMB6.35 RMB6.35 RMB6.35
The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2015 levels, inclusive of preliminaries but exclusive of contingencies.
+ Houses are built to shell and core standard ONLY, where all tenant or occupant areas are unfurnished.
Schools (primary and secondary) are of public authority standard, no a/c and complete with basic external works.
(Cont'd)
22
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES (Cont'd)
1
23
US$/m2 CFA
BUILDING TYPE
HONG £ MACAU Ђ SINGAPORE♣ KUALA BRUNEI BANGKOK œ
KONG LUMPUR
DOMESTIC
Apartments, high rise, average standard 3,140 - 3,690 2,170 - 2,655 1,360 - 1,540 305 - 460 813 - 1,116 604 - 730
ASIAN CITIES
Apartments, high rise, high end 4,240 - 4,940 3,035 - 4,635 2,075 - 3,075 735 - 880 1,004 - 1,307 899 - 1,067
Terraced houses, average standard 4,310 - 5,030 3,710 - 4,425 1,750 - 1,965 210 - 305 526 - 829 421 - 505
Detached houses, high end 5,580 - 6,350 4,510 - 5,875 2,215 - 2,930 715 - 880 800 - 1,103 730 - 885
OFFICE / COMMERCIAL
Medium/high rise offices, average standard 3,080 - 3,650 2,505 - 3,235 1,750 - 1,930♠ 575 - 665 813 - 1,116 590 - 730
High rise offices, prestige quality 3,820 - 4,710 3,235 - 3,535 1,930 - 2,145♠ 835 - 1,130 1,149 - 1,453 772 - 983
Out-of-town shopping centre, average 3,140 - 3,690 2,355 - 3,535 1,930 - 2,075 515 - 615 789 - 1,092 576 - 744
standard
Retail malls, high end 4,180 - 4,960 3,710 - 4,475 2,075 - 2,290 635 - 825 1,040 - 1,343 772 - 800
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market 4,010 - 4,330 3,295 - 3,720 2,180 - 2,360 965 - 1,350 1,537 - 1,840 1,053 - 1,165
Business hotels - 4/5-star 4,210 - 4,970 4,475 - 5,340 2,790 - 3,145 1,675 - 1,960 2,167 - 2,471 1,348 - 1,544
Luxury hotels - 5-star 4,920 - 5,710 5,340 - 6,315 2,790 - 3,145 1,855 - 2,175 2,225 - 2,528 1,573 - 1,685

INDUSTRIAL
Industrial units, shell only (Conventional N/A N/A 740 - 945 305 - 385 375 - 678 449 - 562
Owner operated factories, low rise, light 2,410 - 3,060 N/A N/A 415 - 465 511 - 814 N/A
weight industry
OTHERS
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) 2,370 - 2,950 1,955 - 2,870 945 - 1,290 345 - 475 N/A 505 - 660

Multi storey car parks, above ground 1,470 - 1,730 1,080 - 1,415 665 - 945♥ 200 - 255 416 - 720 168 - 270
(<4 levels)
Schools (primary and secondary) 2,590 - 2,810 2,155 - 2,505 N/A 210 - 235 610 - 913 N/A
Students' residences 2,540 - 2,950 1,715 - 1,990 1,610 - 1,750 265 - 295 713 - 1,016 N/A
Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure 3,970 - 4,490 N/A 2,000 - 2,145 560 - 610 1,640 - 1,943 N/A
General hospitals - public sector 5,130 - 5,830 N/A 2,790 - 2,930 835 - 1,040 1,843 - 2,146 N/A
Exchange Rate Used : US$1 = HKD 7.80 MOP 7.98 S$ 1.40 RM 4.33 B$ 1.37 BHT 35.61
£ Offices of average standard are built to the following provisions: ♣ Rates are nett of GST.
(i) Curtain wall/window wall facade ♠ Includes raised floor and ceiling to tenanted areas but excludes
(ii) Tenant are with screeded floor, painted wall and ceiling office carpets (normally under tenant's fit-out).
Schools (primary and secondary) are of public authority standard,
(Cont'd)
♥ Open on all sides with parapet.
no a/c and complete with basic external works.
œ Rates exclude VAT.
24
Ђ Rates are exclusive of any management contract fee.
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES (Cont'd)
1
25
US$/m2 CFA
BUILDING TYPE
MANILA Ω INDIA ₲ JAKARTA $ HO CHI MINH $ SEOUL $
DOMESTIC
Apartments, high rise, average standard 860 - 920 510 - 585 636 - 722 605 - 755 1,347 - 1,629
ASIAN CITIES
Apartments, high rise, high end 1,170 - 1,310 775 - 930 879 - 998 765 - 885 1,620 - 1,981
Terraced houses, average standard 605 - 690 350 - 375 342 - 442 405 - 475 N/A
Detached houses, high end 1,280 - 1,370 460 - 485 922 - 1,112 465 - 565 2,210 - 3,363
OFFICE / COMMERCIAL
Medium/high rise offices, average standard 820 - 870 385 - 420 627 - 698 710 - 825 1,197 - 1,364
High rise offices, prestige quality 1,260 - 1,365 480 - 510 926 - 1,045 815 - 1,110 1,391 - 1,690
Out-of-town shopping centre, average 735 - 870 375 - 410 542 - 599 N/A 1,127 - 1,743
standard
Retail malls, high end 1,080 - 1,260 525 - 570 599 - 646 655 - 860 1,320 - 2,183
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market 1,180 - 1,375 725 - 805 1,093 - 1,292 1,305 - 1,590 1,646 - 2,069
Business hotels - 4/5-star 1,350 - 1,685 1,130 - 1,340 1,492 - 1,663 N/A 2,306 - 3,979
Luxury hotels - 5-star 1,575 - 2,030 1,430 - 1,585 1,596 - 1,805 1,690 - 1,960 2,562 - 4,093

INDUSTRIAL
Industrial units, shell only (Conventional 450 - 460 300 - 355 287 - 310 305 - 380 660 - 836
Owner operated factories, low rise, light 560 - 650 320 - 375 310 - 343 360 - 475 N/A
weight industry
OTHERS
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) 510 - 560 250 - 270 442 - 541 605 - 725 942 - 1,109

Multi storey car parks, above ground 460 - 606 195 - 215 287 - 310 385 - 425 581 - 757
(<4 levels)
Schools (primary and secondary) 690 - 765 245 - 270 N/A 505 - 555 N/A
Students' residences 690 - 765 270 - 300 N/A 505 - 655 1,382 - 1,488
Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure 1,180 - 1,425 535 - 560 998 - 1,496 755 - 805 N/A
General hospitals - public sector 1,350 - 1,475 585 - 640 N/A N/A N/A
Exchange Rate Used : US$1 = PHP 47.00 INR 65 IDR 13,750 VND 22,410 KRW 1,136
Ω Rates include 12% VAT. $ Rates are nett of VAT.
₲ Rates are based on projects in Bangalore and are nett of VAT and
Service Tax. Mumbai costs are generally 8% higher.
26
M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
1
27
SHANGHAI BEIJING GUANGZHOU/ CHONGQING/ SHENYANG DALIAN
SHENZHEN CHENGDU
BUILDING TYPE
RMB/m2 CFA RMB/m2 CFA RMB/m2 CFA RMB/m2 CFA RMB/m2 CFA RMB/m2 CFA
MECHANICAL SERVICES
Offices 761 - 966 760 - 1,050 765 - 1,040 680 - 980 585 - 683 585 - 683
Industrial * 173 - 289 170 - 280 150 - 268 130 - 220 N/A N/A
Hotels 971 - 1,265 910 - 1,150 1,071 - 1,339 720 - 1,150 683 - 780 683 - 780
Shopping Centres 1,050 - 1,103 790 - 950 707 - 954 580 - 980 585 - 878 585 - 683
Apartment 310 - 410 140 - 410 122 - 380 90 - 280 98 - 293 98 - 293
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices 593 - 651 460 - 703 530 - 765 420 - 650 439 - 634 458 - 673
Industrial ** 305 - 431 320 - 450 306 - 445 250 - 350 N/A N/A
Hotels 651 - 830 705 - 943 680 - 916 500 - 750 683 - 878 702 - 897
Shopping Centres 520 - 651 481 - 676 483 - 653 400 - 650 488 - 585 507 - 605
Apartment 252 - 368 253 - 398 278 - 445 220 - 330 293 - 390 215 - 312
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices 110 - 163 95 - 140 122 - 166 60 - 120 30 - 118 69 - 118
Industrial 89 - 131 95 - 140 86 - 112 60 - 120 N/A N/A
Hotels 368 - 488 370 - 480 391 - 493 280 - 350 197 - 296 197 - 296

Apartment 168 - 226 170 - 230 145 - 257 100 - 180 99 - 197 99 - 148
FIRE SERVICES
Offices 220 - 300 180 - 265 224 - 348 160 - 230 146 - 224 146 - 224
Industrial 150 - 250 150 - 225 139 - 267 130 - 230 N/A N/A
Hotels 280 - 380 220 - 375 278 - 413 180 - 300 127 - 224 146 - 224

Apartment 50 - 100 70 - 135 64 - 122 45 - 90 49 - 127 59 - 146
LIFTS / ESCALATORS
Offices 280 - 550 294 - 577 294 - 481 330 - 580 300 - 550 300 - 550
Industrial 135 - 390 145 - 400 150 - 434 140 - 340 N/A N/A
Hotels 220 - 495 232 - 520 241 - 465 280 - 480 300 - 500 250 - 350
Apartment 165 - 325 175 - 289 122 - 268 130 - 230 120 - 250 120 - 200
The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2015 levels, exclusive of contingencies.
* Generally without A/C.

** Excludes special power supply.
(Cont'd)
28
M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES (Cont'd)
1
29
HONG KONG MACAU SINGAPORE ♣ KUALA BRUNEI BANGKOK ⱷ
LUMPUR
BUILDING TYPE
HK$/m2 CFA MOP/m2 CFA S$/m2 CFA RM/m2 CFA B$/m2 CFA BHT/m2 CFA
MECHANICAL SERVICES
Offices 2,000 - 2,800 N/A 165 - 270 360 - 475 181 - 226 4,400 - 4,800
Industrial * 200 - 300 N/A 35 - 125 62 - 90 23 - 39 1,550 - 1,600
Hotels 2,200 - 2,750 2,600 - 3,000 140 - 300 290 - 465 292 - 336 4,600 - 5,100
Shopping Centres 2,300 - 2,850 2,200 - 2,800 160 - 265 300 - 410 207 - 246 4,400 - 4,800
Apartment 850 - 1,750 900 - 1,100 95 - 180 210 - 295 214 - 246 4,400 - 4,500
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices 1,750 - 2,500 N/A 170 - 275 230 - 470 233 - 292 3,400 - 3,600
Industrial ** 650 - 900 N/A 55 - 145 144 - 160 194 - 233 1,950 - 2,200
Hotels 1,900 - 2,600 2,600 - 3,100 195 - 380 255 - 600 292 - 381 3,800 - 4,200
Shopping Centres 1,900 - 2,500 2,600 - 2,800 170 - 325 210 - 280 221 - 317 2,800 - 3,010
Apartment 1,100 - 1,750 1,000 - 1,300 105 - 245 88 - 220 252 - 317 2,800 - 3,350
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices 600 - 750 N/A 30 - 60 26 - 59 16 - 39 790 - 910
Industrial 450 - 600 N/A 20 - 40 37 - 46 11 - 19 750 - 790
Hotels 1,800 - 2,500 1,800 - 2,200 100 - 190 180 - 250 61 - 84 1,400 - 1,650

Apartment 1,250 - 2,000 1,500 - 2,000 80 - 155 20 - 50 38 - 60 1,200 - 1,400
FIRE SERVICES
Offices 550 - 700 N/A 35 - 60 60 - 80 32 - 39 780 - 850
Industrial 400 - 500 N/A 25 - 55 45 - 65 12 - 19 730 - 750
Hotels 600 - 850 900 - 1,100 35 - 60 65 - 95 26 - 49 780 - 890

Apartment 150 - 250 250 - 300 25 - 55 20 - 25 26 - 52 720 - 850
LIFTS / ESCALATORS
Offices 700 - 1,200 N/A 70 - 180 88 - 400 9 - 32 1,050 - 1,180
Industrial 550 - 750 N/A 45 - 115 55 - 190 4 - 19 N/A
Hotels 550 - 850 600 - 800 70 - 120 85 - 370 12 - 45 1,100 - 1,200
Shopping Centres 850 - 1,000 450 - 700 60 - 100 85 - 110 12 - 36 250 - 450
Apartment 450 - 850 450 - 600 45 - 125 63 - 105 11 - 26 500 - 580
* Generally without A/C. ⱷ Based upon nett enclosed area and nett of VAT.
** Excludes special power supply.
♣ Rates are nett of GST and excluding BAS.
(Cont'd)
30
M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES (Cont'd)
1
31
MANILA Ω INDIA ₲ JAKARTA # HO CHI MINH SEOUL $
BUILDING TYPE
PHP/m2 CFA INR/m2 CFA IDR'000/m2 CFA VND'000/m2 CFA KRW'000/m2 CFA
MECHANICAL SERVICES
Offices 3,000 - 5,000 4,250 - 6,050 965 - 1,140 1,736 - 2,474 230 - 301
Industrial * 650 - 1,500 1,965 - 3,500 300 - 700 N/A 96 - 165
Hotels 3,000 - 6,500 5,250 - 5,725 965 - 1,300 N/A 223 - 353
Shopping Centres 2,500 - 4,500 4,085 - 5,350 855 - 1,030 N/A 155 - 255
Apartment 600 - 3,000 2,335 - 2,865 855 - 1,110 1,387 - 1,900 99 - 180
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices 3,300 - 6,000 3,765 - 5,195 780 - 1,040 2,037 - 2,429 210 - 395
Industrial ** 2,000 - 3,500 2,225 - 3,700 440 - 690 N/A 130 - 190
Hotels 4,700 - 9,000 4,200 - 5,725 790 - 1,110 N/A 300 - 490
Shopping Centres 3,060 - 6,000 3,600 - 4,825 690 - 870 N/A 180 - 262
Apartment 3,600 - 6,300 1,825 - 2,500 780 - 1,040 1,796 - 2,269 140 - 189
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices 900 - 2,000 665 - 1,005 190 - 290 281 - 534 36 - 59
Industrial 700 - 1,300 450 - 795 110 - 200 N/A 23 - 33
Hotels 1,950 - 4,000 3,445 - 5,195 790 - 1,110 N/A 74 - 115

Shopping Centres 700 - 1,600 980 - 1,775 190 - 290 N/A 30 - 60
Apartment 1,400 - 2,700 1,550 - 2,150 770 - 1,110 546 - 647 51 - 78
FIRE SERVICES
Offices 700 - 1,200 1,050 - 1,375 250 - 390 650 - 1,079 32 - 65
Industrial 600 - 900 505 - 665 110 - 200 N/A 25 - 38
Hotels 700 - 1,200 1,225 - 1,565 270 - 390 N/A 38 - 85
Shopping Centres 700 - 1,300 1,010 - 1,165 270 - 310 N/A 26 - 70

Apartment 650 - 1,300 555 - 670 270 - 310 446 - 561 35 - 68
LIFTS / ESCALATORS
Offices 1,600 - 2,900 875 - 1,115 430 - 1,170 611 - 1,165 42 - 67
Industrial N/A 565 - 730 N/A N/A 16 - 26
Hotels 1,800 - 3,000 1,275 - 1,850 430 - 1,090 N/A 100 - 175
Shopping Centres 595 - 2,000 1,485 - 1,910 320 - 870 1,243 - 1,760 48 - 84
Apartment 800 - 2,100 795 - 1,010 420 - 870 694 - 1,004 29 - 41
* Generally without A/C. # All rates are nett of VAT. Rates for Electrical Services are excluding genset. Rates
** Excludes special power supply. for Hydraulic Services are excluding STP. Rates for Mechanical Services refer to
ACMV Rates only.
Ω Transformer, included in Electrical Services.
(Cont'd)
$ Rates are nett of VAT.
₲ Rates are based on projects in Bangalore and
are nett of VAT and Service Tax. Mumbai costs
32
are generally 8% higher.
MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
1
33
GUANGZHOU/ CHONGQING/ DALIAN
SHANGHAI BEIJING SHENZHEN CHENGDU SHENYANG
DESCRIPTION
UNIT RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB
3
1. Excavating basement ≤ 2.00m deep m 30 26 30 18 22 28
2. Excavating for footings ≤ 1.50m deep m3 30 31 25 25 25 33
3. Remove excavated materials off site m3 98 37 65 52 35 30
4. Hardcore bed blinded with fine materials m3 165 170 180 150 150 170
5. Mass concrete grade 15 m3 320 433 449 340 410 420
6. Reinforced concrete grade 30 m3 420 517 484 360 500 500
7. Mild steel rod reinforcement kg 3.4 4 5 3.5 4.2 4.2
8. High tensile rod reinforcement kg 3.4 4 5 3.5 4.2 4.2
9. Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabs m2 84 85 80 50 90 92

10. Sawn formwork to columns and walls m2 84 73 80 50 90 92
11. 112.5mm thick brick walls m2 85 @ 72 60 65 70 70
12. "Kliplok Colorbond" 0.64mm profiled steel m2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
sheeting

13. Aluminium casement windows, single glazed m2 690 815 * 525 700 * 700 * 700 *
14. Structural steelwork - beams, stanchions and kg 10 9.35 10 8.5 9.8 9.8
the like
15. Steelwork - angles, channels, flats and the kg 8 8.5 8 8.5 9.8 9.8
like
16. 25mm cement and sand (1:3) paving m2 25 27 30 28 25 37
17. 20mm cement and sand (1:4) plaster to walls m2 26 28 25 32 26 40

18. Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed m2 155 140 150 120 165 140
(measured separately)
19. 12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling lining m2 150 162 180 120 120 140
20. Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered m2 39 32 30 35 30 32
surfaces
Average expected preliminaries % 5 - 10 7 - 10 5 - 10 5 - 10 5 - 10 5 - 10
The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2015 levels and are based on lump sum fixed price contract rates exclusive of preliminaries and
contingencies.
@ Rates for 120mm thick concrete block walls.
* Rates for double glazed window.
(Cont'd)
34
MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES (Cont'd)
1
35
HONG KONG MACAU SINGAPORE ♣
KUALA BRUNEI BANGKOK ⱷ
LUMPUR
DESCRIPTION
UNIT HK$ MOP S$ RM B$ BHT
3
1. Excavating basement ≤ 2.00m deep m 225 120 20 15 - 20 3.5 120
2. Excavating for footings ≤ 1.50m deep m3 205 140 20 15 - 20 3 120
3. Remove excavated materials off site m3 280 @ 90 15 - 20 20 - 25 3 120
4. Hardcore bed blinded with fine materials m3 950 1,100 50 60 - 70 43 650
5. Mass concrete grade 15 m3 1,200 1,400 190 - 200 ♣♣ 240 - 280 124 2,200
6. Reinforced concrete grade 30 m3 1,400 1,300 130 - 135 260 - 320 130 2,600
7. Mild steel rod reinforcement kg 9.5 8 1.2 - 1.3 3 - 3.3 0.65 23
8. High tensile rod reinforcement kg 9.5 8 1.2 - 1.3 3 - 3.3 0.65 22
9. Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabs m2 420 280 42 38 - 45 15 420

10. Sawn formwork to columns and walls m2 420 280 42 38 - 45 15 420
11. 112.5mm thick brick walls m2 420 500 35 - 40 45 - 50 17.5 700
12. "Kliplok Colorbond" 0.64mm profiled steel m2 880 N/A 43 55 - 60 58 1,200
sheeting

13. Aluminium casement windows, single glazed m2 2,950 4,000 290 350 - 500 160 - 210 7,000
14. Structural steelwork - beams, stanchions and kg 38 38 4.8 - 5.8 6-8 3.5 55
the like
15. Steelwork - angles, channels, flats and the kg 42 43 4.8 - 5.8 6-8 3.2 55
like
16. 25mm cement and sand (1:3) paving m2 140 120 21 15 - 22 9 200
17. 20mm cement and sand (1:4) plaster to walls m2 145 150 22 15 - 22 8 220

18. Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed m2 380 500 74 50 - 70 33 1,200
19. 12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling lining m2 570 650 30 35 - 45 28 800
20. Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered m2 60 200 3.5 - 4 3.5 - 4.5 5 120
surfaces
Average expected preliminaries % 10 - 15 6 - 12 13 - 17 6 - 12 5-8 12 - 18
contingencies.
@ Rates including dumping charges. ⱷ Rates are nett of VAT.
♣ Rates are nett of GST.
♣♣ Rate for lean concrete blinding.
(Cont'd)
36
MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES (Cont'd)
1
37
MANILA INDIA ₲ JAKARTA # HO CHI MINH # SEOUL $
DESCRIPTION
UNIT PHP INR IDR'000 VND'000 KRW
3
1. Excavating basement ≤ 2.00m deep m 220 175 35 68.3 - 75.4 1,930
2. Excavating for footings ≤ 1.50m deep m3 250 195 45 76.4 - 84.5 1,930
3. Remove excavated materials off site m3 145 N/A 38 70.4 - 77.8 9,900
4. Hardcore bed blinded with fine materials m3 784 4,025 370 350 - 386.9 29,200
5. Mass concrete grade 15 m3 2,750 5,650 1,050 1,377.9 - 1,522.9 64,400
6. Reinforced concrete grade 30 m3 3,500 6,850 1,200 1,787.4 - 1,975.5 78,000
7. Mild steel rod reinforcement kg 42 63 10 17.6 - 19.5 1,240
8. High tensile rod reinforcement kg 43 65 10 16 - 17.7 1,280
9. Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabs m2 900 600 190 184 - 203 29,400
10. Sawn formwork to columns and walls m2 850 650 170 235.3 - 260 29,400
11. 112.5mm thick brick walls m2 N/A 940 170 198 - 218 44,700
12. "Kliplok Colorbond" 0.64mm profiled steel m2 1,100 1,425 250 494.2 - 546.2 39,300
sheeting

321,000
13. Aluminium casement windows, single glazed m2 10,500 Ω 5,250 1,200 2,660 - 2,940
14. Structural steelwork - beams, stanchions and kg 95 103 25 26 - 28.7 1,660

the like
15. Steelwork - angles, channels, flats and the kg 95 103 25 28.5 - 31.5 1,660
like
16. 25mm cement and sand (1:3) paving m2 250 400 60 57.4 - 63.5 3,160
17. 20mm cement and sand (1:4) plaster to walls m2 275 340 75 82 - 90.6 9,300

18. Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed m2 1,600 1,450 160 239.5 - 264.7 64,400
19. 12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling lining m2 965 1,100 150 æ 283.5 - 313.3 26,500
2
20. Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered m 220 210 25 77.7 - 85.8 7,870
surfaces
Average expected preliminaries % 12 - 18 8 - 12 6 - 10 8 - 12 6 - 11
contingencies.
Ω Rate for aluminium with anodized finish; 6mm thick. # Rates are nett of VAT.
₲ All rates above are Supply and Fix, based on projects in Bangalore and æ Rate for 9mm gypsum board.
are nett of VAT and Service Tax. Mumbai costs are generally 8% higher. $ Rates include labour costs and are nett of VAT.
38
CONSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATION
1
39
BUILDING TYPE OUTLINE SPECIFICATION
DOMESTIC
Apartment units with fit-out, including air-conditioning, kitchen cabinets and home
Apartment, high rise, average standard appliances, but excluding decorative light fittings and loose furniture
Apartment units with good quality fit-out, including air-conditioning, kitchen cabinets and
Apartment, high rise, high end home appliances, but excluding decorative light fittings and loose furniture
Houses with fit-out, including air-conditioning, kitchen cabinets and home appliances, but
Terraced houses, average standard excluding decorative light fittings, loose furniture, garden and parking
Houses with good quality fit-out, including air-conditioning, kitchen cabinets and home
Detached houses, high end
appliances, but excluding decorative light fittings, loose furniture, garden and parking
OFFICE / COMMERCIAL
Medium/high rise offices, average standard

RC structure, curtain wall, including public area fit-out, tenant area with raised floor/
carpet, painted wall and false ceiling
High rise offices, prestige quality

Out-of-town shopping centre, average standard
Including public area fit-out and M&E, but excluding shop fit-out
Retail malls, high end
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market 1) Interior decoration

2) Furniture (fixed and movable)
Business hotels - 4/5-star
3) Special light fittings (chandeliers, etc.)
Luxury hotels - 5-star 4) Operating Supplies and Equipment (OS&E) excluded.
INDUSTRIAL
Industrial units, shell only (Conventional single RC structure with steel roof and M&E to main distribution, but excluding a/c, heating
storey framed unit) and lighting
Owner operated factories, low rise, light weight RC structure, including small office with simple fit-out and M&E, but excluding a/c and
industry heating
(Cont'd)
40
CONSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATION (Cont'd)
1
41
BUILDING TYPE OUTLINE SPECIFICATION
OTHERS
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) RC structure
Multi storey car parks, above ground (<4 levels) RC structure, natural ventilaion, no facade enclosure
Schools (primary and secondary) Including fit-out and a/c, but excluding educational equipment
Students' residences Including fit-out, loose furniture and a/c
Dry sports (no swimming pool) and are for 'leisure centre' type schemes including main
Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure centres sports hall, ancillary sports facilities, changing and showers, restaurant / cafe, bar, etc.
(dry sports) Costs include a/c, Furniture, Fittings and Equipment (FF&E).
General hospitals - public sector Excluding medical and operating equipment


Notes:
1. The costs for the respective categories given above are averages based on fixed price competitive tenders. It must be
understood that the actual cost of a building will depend upon the design and many other factors and may vary from the
figures shown.
2. The costs per square metre are based on Construction Floor Areas (CFA) measured to the outside face of the external walls
/ external perimeter including lift shafts, stairwells, balconies, plant rooms, water tanks and the like.

3. All bulidings are assumed to have no basements (except otherwise stated) and are built on flat ground, with normal soil
and site condition. The cost excludes site formation works, external works, land cost, professional fees, finance and legal
expenses.
4. The standard for each category of building varies from region to region and do not necessary follow that of each other.
5. All costs are in US$/m2 CFA. Fluctuation in exchange rates may lead to changes in construction costs expressed in U.S.
dollars.
42
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA
2
2016 Outlook
Building Cost Trends in Hong Kong
Labour Index in Hong Kong
Material Prices in Hong Kong
Progress Payments
Estimating Rules of Thumb and Design
Norms
Construction Activity in Hong Kong
Construction Value in Hong Kong
Hong Kong General Construction Insurance

Specified Forms for Buildings Ordinance
or Regulations for Hong Kong
Summary of Building Regulations
for Hong Kong
Percentage Site Coverage and Plot Ratios
for Hong Kong
FIREE Recordals Tracker: October 2015
Update
Procurement Strategies and Form
of Contracts
2 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA
2016 OUTLOOK
China
The construction industry in China faced a challenging

year in 2015, with overall construction costs falling by
around 3% year-on-year. This fall is against a backdrop
of weakening momentum in terms of GDP growth.
In addition, the central government’s property anti-
speculation measures over the last few years have
continued to hinder investment in the property market,
leading to a fall in private sector residential construction
output over the same period.
The National Bureau of Statistics’ material index has

continued to weaken – falling 1.5% in 2014 followed by a
subsequent 4-5% drop in 2015. Steel was again one of the
key drivers, having now dropped in price by around 25%
over the last three years. This adjustment in steel costs
reflects the fall in prices on the international markets for
raw materials such as iron ore, crude oil and metallurgical
coal. These price movements have an immediate and
direct impact on overall construction costs.
At the same time, the NBS’s Labour Index rose by 4%

in 2015, down from the 6% rise recorded in 2014. In the
wider economy, the Consumer Price Index stayed rather
flat – adjusting only slightly from 2% in 2014 to around
1.5% in 2015. This stability in the cost of living, coupled
with fairly steady home prices across the country, has
gone some way to alleviate the pressure which can quite
often be a catalyst for workers’ pay rises.
In 2015, the less statistically significant plant index rose

modestly by 1%, down slightly from a 1.7% rise in 2014.

In the private building sector, floor areas commencing
on site dropped further – continuing a trend which began
in early 2014. The first eleven months of 2015 saw a
15% reduction, as compared with a fall of 9% in the
same period of 2014. This trend was driven not only by
the government’s property anti-speculation measures,
but also by the record-high inventory of unsold private
floor areas. With about half of the Chinese construction
industry’s workload being in the private building sector (the
remainder being the civil engineering and public building
sectors), private residential property developments make
a significant contribution to construction volume.
The central government is targeting “medium-high”

economic growth over the next five years, suggesting a rise
of around 6.5% p.a. in GDP. Also, after years of property
market anti-speculation measures, the government has
made several moves recently to scale back some of
these measures, including lowering downpayments and
abolishing some residency requirements for overseas
purchasers in selected cities. These have been aimed at
boosting property sales and reducing alarming inventory
levels. One outcome has been a stabilisation of the home
price index in most of the 70 benchmark cities compiled by
the National Bureau of Statistics in the last six months of
2015. Whilst this was not consistent across all cities, the
overall trend does tend to suggest a cautiously optimistic
forecast.
Given these conditions, we anticipate construction costs

edging up by around 2% p.a. in 2016 and 2017.
(Cont'd)
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA 46

2016 OUTLOOK
Hong Kong
Hong Kong’s construction output reached an all-time

high in 2015, driven in part by accelerating growth in new
private building works.
The output of new construction works in the private sector

grew at 28% year-on-year during the first three quarters of
2015, which contrasts positively with the 8% growth seen
in 2014. On the other hand, the public sector recorded
an increase of only 11% in the same period, similar to
the 10% growth witnessed in 2014. These public sector
figures were adversely impacted by various significant
delays in funding approval in 2014; with a number of
public work tenders having their contract awards deferred
to mid-2015. This meant that the volume of public works
actually commencing in 2015 was similar to previous
years. The continuity of a stable workload for public
works through 2016 and beyond will depend to a large
extent on how these funding approval bottlenecks can be
resolved in 2016.
The total floor area of building superstructure commenced

in the private sector during the first ten months of 2015
was at an 8-year high, more than double that of the
same period in 2014. Closer analysis of these figures
reveals that this increase was due to a handful of mega
developments, mainly built on plots of land sold two or
more years ago. Given that there have been a number
of further similar-sized plots of lands sold in the past two
years we envisage that new construction floor area starts
will likely be maintained at relatively high levels in the next
one to two years.
Assuming the current impasse on government funding

approvals can be resolved to a reasonable extent, we
expect the overall volume of public works in the next five
years to be reasonably healthy, albeit at lower levels than
have been seen over the last few years. However, the
fact that less than HK$500m of new public projects were

approved by LegCo in the last 3 months of 2015 (as
compared to over HK$50Bn in the full 2014/15 LegCo
session) means that the budget approvals scheduled
for debate in the remaining LegCo session to July 2016
will be critical in dictating workload over the next few
years. Upcoming public works would include not only the
major infrastructure projects currently under construction
(MTRC, HKZMB etc.), but also some other mega projects
that have been at the planning stages for some years –
such as the Three Runway System expansion at Hong
Kong International Airport.
Construction workers’ wages continued to rise in 2015,

but not to the same degree as in previous years. Certain
trades which have experienced higher-than-average
rises over the last few years had much-reduced rises in
2015. For example, two years ago bar benders received
raises of 15%, whilst this has reduced to around 11% in
2016. A likely explanation is the gradual completion of the
structural elements on a number of major infrastructure
projects and the subsequent reduction in demand for such
workers. This trend is likely to continue. All in all, overall
wage levels in Hong Kong’s construction industry rose
around 8% in 2015.
Generally speaking, construction material prices were

generally negative to flat for the year, as a result of a
global fall in raw material prices and a weakening of the
Chinese Yuan over the last two years. However, prices of
steel reinforcement dropped by almost one-third over the
year, reflecting a similar trend on international markets.
As a whole for 2015, construction costs rose by around
4% in the building sector, easing somewhat from the 7%
increase for 2014.
Based on the above market conditions, we anticipate

overall construction price levels to continue rising in 2016,
albeit at a slower pace of around 4% for the full year.
(Cont'd)

2016 OUTLOOK
Macau
Macau’s construction output reached another historical

high in 2015. Again, this has been largely driven by the
current wave of ongoing projects in the hospitality and
gaming sector.
Whilst a few of these hospitality projects completed

in 2015, most are scheduled to open in 2016 and into
2017. Demand for workers will likely continue for the
next year or so, but the labour market, whilst still fairly
strong, has softened somewhat since the periods
of critical shortages seen over the last few years.
The previously strong pipeline of new developments in

the hospitality sector have been tempered to a large
extent by a 35% drop in Macau gaming revenues in the
first 11 months of 2015. This continued a turnaround in
fortunes for the industry which began its decline in 2014.
Government figures indicated quite a strong start to

2015 for the construction industry, in terms of floor area
commenced. In fact, construction floor area starts in
the first half of 2015 were similar to those in the same
period in 2014. However, the drop in gaming revenues
seems to have only become apparent in the third quarter
of 2015, where construction starts were much reduced.
The public sector share of total construction output in Macau

has already dropped to less than 15%. The relatively steady
nature of this sector will mean that public works are unlikely
to make up the shortfall caused by a decline in the pipeline
of new private sector hospitality projects which would
have been scheduled to start in two to three years’ time.

Material prices rose by around 2% in 2015 after taking into
account a significant drop in steel prices. Nevertheless,
the continued high volume of construction output during
the year meant that demand for labour stayed strong, with
wages rising by an average of 13% year-on-year. Overall
construction costs rose by around 5% in 2015.
The Macau Government have forecast a likely further

fall of 15% in gaming revenues for 2016. If so, that
would mean a 5-year low. Despite Beijing’s comments
encouraging Macau to diversify its economy away from
the gaming sector, such revenues still account for over
40% of economic output. As such, the fall in revenues
has had a direct impact on GDP, which has contracted
by nearly 25% from a year earlier.
Bearing these factors in mind, we anticipate that

construction costs will rise modestly by 4% in 2016, and
3% in 2017.
CONSTRUCTION COST TREND PREDICTION
REGION 2015 2016 2017

China (1) -3% +2% +2%
(1)
Hong Kong +4% +4% +4%
Hong Kong (2) +4% +3% +3%
Macau (1) +5% +4% +3%
(1) Building Works
(2) Civil Engineering Works

BUILDING COST TRENDS IN HONG KONG
INDEX
(Base = 100, at Year 1970)
YEAR
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2005 945 955 963 970

2006 970 980 985 990
2007 1,020 1,074 1,175 1,150
2008 1.239 1,360 1,355 1,281
2009 1,245 1,242 1,253 1,273
2010 1,297 1,315 1,342 1,367
2011 1,385 1,425 1,452 1,491
2012 1,511 1,552 1,595 1,632
2013 1,688 1,713 1,747 1,786
2014 1,789 1,808 1,857 1,903
2015 1,946 1,958 1,963 1,974*
* Provisional
Historical TPI values from 1970 onwards available at www.LangdonSeah.com.

INDEX
(Base = 100, at Year 1970)
YEAR
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2005 711 716 718 697

2006 714 730 751 789
2007 821 859 906 998
2008 1,118 1,305 1,401 1,262
2009 1,074 983 1,111 1,107
2010 1,134 1,161 1,249 1,266
2011 1,273 1,320 1,369 1,408
2012 1,414 1,438 1,467 1,496
2013 1,516 1,532 1,559 1,590
2014 1,621 1,648 1,679 1,703
2015* 1,732 1,761 1,777
* Up to Q3 only
Source : Architectural Services Department, Hong Kong, SAR
Refer to www.archsd.gov.hk for further information.
(Cont'd)

BUILDING COST TRENDS IN HONG KONG
CEDD CIVIL
HyD CONST. COST ENGINEERING
YEAR INDEX WORKS INDEX
(Nov. 1975 Value = 100)
(1980 Value = 100)
2005 869 429

2006 886 436
2007 917 450
2008 1,031 500
2009 950 461
2010 989 481
2011 1,075 525
2012 1,127 550
2013 1,191 583
2014 1,256 616
2015* 1,282 627
* 1/15 to 8/15 only

Source : Civil Engineering and Development Department, Hong Kong, SAR
Refer to www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/index.htm for further information.

LABOUR INDEX IN HONG KONG
INDEX
(Base = 100, at April 2003)
YEAR
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2005 92 91 89 88
2006 88 88 89 90
2007 91 89 85 84
2008 84 83 83 85
2009 85 85 85 86
2010 87 87 88 89
2011 90 90 91 94
2012 95 95 96 102
2013 109 111 113 115
2014 117 121 126 133
2015* 138 141 143
Figures above are the quarterly average of the monthly indices * 1/15 to 9/15 only
Source: Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong, SAR
Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.

MATERIAL PRICES IN HONG KONG
GALVANIZED MILD STEEL ANGLE

REBAR


SAND

ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT

(Cont'd)

MATERIAL PRICES IN HONG KONG
COPPER GRADE A
Source: International Monetary Fund

Refer to www.imf.org for further information.
CRUDE OIL
Source: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Refer to www.opec.org for further information.

PROGRESS PAYMENTS
The following graph and table are an indication of the rate

of expenditure for construction projects.
The rate of expenditure is an average rate and will vary
from project to project when specific project circumstances
are taken into account.
No account has been made for retention.
CONTRACT CUMULATIVE
PROGRESS CONTRACT CUMULATIVE
PROGRESS
PERIOD PAYMENTS PERIOD PAYMENTS
5% 1% 55% 41%
10% 2% 60% 50%
15% 3% 65% 60%
20% 4% 70% 69%
25% 6% 75% 77%
30% 8% 80% 84%
35% 12% 85% 89%
40% 17% 90% 93%
45% 24% 95% 97%
50% 32% 100% 100%

ESTIMATING RULES OF THUMB AND DESIGN

NORMS
HONG KONG
CFA To GFA Ratio
Building Type CFA : GFA
Residential 1.15 to 1.25 : 1
Office / Commercial 1.15 to 1.25 : 1
Hotel 1.30 to 1.45 : 1
The above ratios do not include any associated car

parking area.
Functional Area Distribution in 5-Star Hotels

Functional Area % of Total Hotel CFA
Front of House 15 - 20%
Guestroom Floors 50 - 60%
Back of House 25 - 30%
Dimensions of Typical Grade A Office Space

Component Dimension
Distance from curtain wall to
core wall 9 - 13 m
Population 9 m2 usable floor
area/person
Average waiting interval for lifts 30 - 40 seconds
Density of Basic Materials for Structure

Material Density
Concrete 2,400 kg/m3
Cement 1,450 kg/m3
Sand 1,600 kg/m3
Aggregate 1,600 kg/m3
Steel 7,843 kg/m3
Average Loads Volume

Lorry (24 ton) 10.0 m3
Concrete truck (24 ton) 5.5 m3
Barge 200 - 1,450 m3

HONG KONG (Cont'd)
Average Piling Ratio - Bored Piles
Building Type m2 CFA / m2 cross
section area of piles
Residential 200 - 300
Office / Commercial 200 - 250
Hotel 200 - 300
Average Piling Ratio - Driven H-Piles

Building Type m2 CFA / No. of piles
Residential 50 - 90
Hotel 50 - 90
Average Piling Ratio - Pre-Bored H-Piles

Building Type m2 CFA / No. of piles
Hotel 70 - 120
All pile ratios are for high-rise buildings with normal soil
conditions.
Building Structure - Concrete Ratio

Concrete/floor area 0.4 m3/m2 to 0.5 m3/m2
Formwork/floor area 2.2 m2/m2 to 3.0 m2/m2
Reinforcement 160 kg/m3 to 250 kg/m3
Average External Wall/Floor Ratio

Residential Apartments 1.2 m2/m2
Office, Hotel 0.4 m2/m2
Industrial 0.4 m2/m2
(Cont'd)


NORMS
HONG KONG (Cont'd)
Average Internal Wall/Floor Ratio
Residential Apartments 1.0 m2/m2
Office 0.5 m2/m2
Hotel 1.5 m2/m2
The above ratios are indicative and for reference purposes

only. They do not account for buildings with special
shapes, configurations or particularly small foot prints.
Average Lighting Level

Building Type Lux
Residential 300
Office 500
Retail 400
Hotel 300
School 300 - 500
Average Power Density

Building Type VA/m2 CFA
Office 70
Retail 300 - 400
Hotel - Accommodation 30
Hotel - F&B Area 550
School 50
Average Cooling Load

Building Type m2 Cooling Area/RT
Residential 18 - 23
Office 14 - 18
Retail 12-14
Hotel 23
School 23

HONG KONG (Cont'd)
Dimensions of Parking Spaces
Minimum
Type of Vehicle Length Width Headroom
Private Cars and
Taxis 5 m 2.5 m 2.4 m
Light Goods Vehicles 7 m 3.5 m 3.6 m
Medium/Heavy
Goods Vehicle 11 m 3.5 m 4.7 m
Container Vehicles 16 m 3.5 m 4.7 m
Coaches and Buses 12 m 3.5 m 3.8 m
Light buses 8 m 3 m 3.3 m
Minimum headroom means the clearance between

the floor and the lower most projection from the ceiling
including any lighting units, ventilation ducts, conduits
or similar.
Indicative Dimensions for Sports Grounds

Length Width
Tennis Court 40 m 20 m
Squash Court 10 m 6.4 m
Basketball Court 34 m 20 m
Volleyball Court 36 m 20 m
Badminton Court 20 m 10 m
Ice Rink 61 m 26 m
Soccer Pitch 120 m 90 m
The above dimensions are for a single court with

appropriate clearance. No spectator seating or support
area has been allowed.
(Cont'd)


NORMS
CHINA & HONG KONG
Minimum Imposed Loads (kPa) for Building Design
Building Type China@ Hong Kong*
DOMESTIC
Apartments 2.0 2.0
OFFICE / COMMERCIAL
Office 2.0 3.0
Shopping Arcade 3.5 5.0
HOTELS
Hotel 2.0 2.0
INDUSTRIAL
Industrial, light duty 4.0 5.0
OTHERS
Carpark, private cars 2.5 3.0
School 2.5 3.0
Theatre, Sports Hall, etc. 4.0 5.0
Hospital 2.0 2.5
Source :
@ Load Code for the Design of Building Structures, GB 50009-2012,
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, PRC
* Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads 2011, Buildings
Department, HKSAR

CHINA
Seismic Precautionary Intensity Zoning

As stipulated in PRC National Standard GB 50011-2010
(Code for Seismic Design of Buildings), geographic
regions which are classified as Level 6 or above in Seismic
Precautionary Intensity Classification should incorporate
seismic measures in the design of the structure and
foundations.
Seismic Precautionary
Intensity Zoning
of China
Level 5
Level 6
Level 7
Level 8
Level 9
Geographic Intensity Geographic Intensity

Regions Level Regions Level
Beijing 8 Hong Kong 7
Changsha 6 Macau 7
Chengdu 7 Qingdao 6
Chongqing 6 Shanghai 7
Dalian 7 Shenyang 7
Foshan 6-7 Shenzhen 7
Guangzhou 6-7 Suzhou 6
Haikou 8 Tianjin 7-8
Hangzhou 6 Wuhan 6
Hengqin 7 Xi'an 6-8
Source : China Earthquake Data Center (data.earthquake.cn)

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY IN HONG KONG
COMPLETED CONSENT TO
YEAR COMMENCE
m2 m2
2005 1,227,000 1,476,000
2006 1,389,000 1,398,000
2007 1,030,000 1,539,000
2008 1,097,000 997,000
2009 815,000 1,075,000
2010 1,139,000 1,222,000
2011 991,000 1,056,000
2012 1,395,000 1,536,000
2013 831,000 1,400,000
2014 1,099,000 1,260,000
2015* 717,400 1,377,100
* 1/15 to 9/15 only

Buildings Department, Hong Kong , SAR
Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk and www.bd.gov.hk for further
information.

CONSTRUCTION VALUE IN HONG KONG
VALUE IN NOMINAL VALUE IN CONSTANT

YEAR TERMS (2000) MARKET PRICE
HK$ MILLIONS HK$ MILLIONS
2005 90,851 98,275
2006 90,230 96,269
2007 92,866 96,844
2008 99,599 97,024
2009 100,944 93,683
2010 111,274 100,278
2011 128,535 108,263
2012 161,449 126,414
2013 176,575 129,868
2014 199,737 138,285
2015* 108,818 72,285
* Up to Q2 figures and are provisional only


HONG KONG GENERAL CONSTRUCTION

INSURANCE
This section provides general information regarding

construction insurance arrangements in Hong Kong.
It is common place for Hong Kong construction contracts

to contain provisions as to insurances such as Employees
Compensation Insurance, Third Party Liability Insurance,
Works Insurance and, on occasion, Professional Liability
Indemnity Insurance. For employers, the insurance
placement ensures that the contractual indemnities are
backed by a financial institution that can afford to pay.
For contractors, it provides a certain degree of protection
to ensure that he has the means to pay in the event of
mishaps.
The insurances may be effected by the contractor

(Contractor Controlled Insurance Programme or CCIP)
or be taken out by the employer (Employer Controlled
Insurance Programme or ECIP). CCIP tends to be the
most common insurance arrangement in Hong Kong,
since the contractor is in control of all site operations
and in a better position to manage its own site safety
/ risk. As a poor safety record will count against the
contractor in premiums negotiation in the procurement of
insurance, CCIP provides an incentive for better safety /
risk management. On the other hand, ECIP placement
leaves the control of the insurance programme in the
hands of the employer, thereby offering the advantage
of providing comprehensive insurance coverage on a
project-wide basis and hence minimizing overlaps and
gaps in insurance coverage.
Employees Compensation
Section 40(1) of the Employees Compensation Ordinance

states that no employer shall employ any employee unless
there is a policy of Employees Compensation Insurance
in place. The maximum penalty for failing to comply with
this provision is two years in jail and a maximum fine of
HK$100,000.

Under the Ordinance, the principal contractor shall take
out insurance for his employees and all of the employees
of subcontractors with a limit of indemnity of HK$200
million per event (or HK$100 million if the number of
employees is less than 200).
Since an injured worker could attempt to sue the

employer, the employer will want to ensure the
contractor has taken out insurance in joint names with
the employer.
Contractors' All Risks Insurance
A Contractors' All Risks policy generally comprises (i) Third

Party Insurance which covers injury to persons (except
the Contractor’s own workmen) or damage to property
(other than the Works), due to the carrying out of the
Works which may or may not be caused by a default of the
contractor. The policy is normally subject to a maximum
reimbursement per incident but unlimited in the number
of incidents, (ii) Contract Works Insurance which covers
damage caused to the Works itself by risks not excluded
from the policy and (iii) Plant & Equipment Insurance which
covers the contractor’s plant and equipment used in the
Works. Plant & Equipment Insurance is not normally
required under the contract conditions and is voluntarily
purchased by the contractor.
Professional Indemnity Insurance
For construction contracts involving contractor’s design, it

is not uncommon for the employer to require the contractor
and his design consultants and independent checking
engineers to obtain insurance to cover their liability for
design. For Government Contracts, the Professional
Indemnity Insurance shall cover the contractor's liability
for design generally for the construction period and a
further 6 years.

2
69
SPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OR REGULATIONS
FORM NO. PURPOSE RELEVANT SECTION

OF REGULATION
Application for inclusion in the authorized persons' register / structural engineers' register / geotechnical
BA1 engineers' register / inspector's register. BOs 3(6)
BA1A Application for retention of name in the authorized persons' register / structural engineers' register / geotechnical BOs 3(9B)
engineers' register / inspector's register.
BA1B Application for restoration of name to the authorized persons' register / structural engineers' register / geo- BOs 3(12)
technical engineers' register / inspector's register.
BA2 Application for registration as a general building contractor / specialist contractor. BOs 8B
BA2A Application for renewal of registration as a registered general building contractor / registered specialist BOs 8C(2)
contractor.
BA2B Application for restoration of name to the register of general building contractors / specialist contractors. BOs 8D(2)
OR REGULATIONS FOR HONG KONG
BA2C Application for approval of technical director / other officer / person appointed to act for the purposes of the BOs 8B
Building Ordinance for a registered general building contractor / registered specialist contractor.
BA4 Notice of appointment of authorized person and/or registered structural engineer and/or registered geotechni- B(A)R 23
cal engineer.
BA5 Application for approval of plans of building works and/or street works, and certificate of preparation of plans. B(A)R 29(1) & 18A
SPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE

BA6 Stability certificate of authorized person and/or registered structural engineer. B(A)R 18
BA7 Notice of urgent works required as a result of accident or emergency. BOs 19, B(A)R 28
BA8 Application for consent to the commencement and carrying out of building works or street works. BOs 14(1)(b), B(A)R 31
BA8A Application for concurrent consent to the commencement of building works. BOs 14(1)(b), B(A)R 31
BA9 Application for renewal of consent to the carrying out of building works or street works. BOs 20

BA10
Notice of appointment of registered contractor, notice of commencement of building works or street works B(A)R 20, BOs 9
and undertaking by registered contractor.
BA11 Notice from a registered contractor on ceasing to be appointed in respect of building works or street works and B(A)R 24
certificate in respect of that part of the building works or street works carried out by the registered contractor.
BA12 Certificate on completion of building works resulting in a new temporary building, a new building or part of a B(A)R 25, BOs 21
new building and application for temporary occupation permit in respect of such building or part.
BA13 Certificate on completion of building works resulting in a new building and appplication for permit to occupy B(A)R 25, BOs 21
such building.
BA14 Certificate on completion of building works not resulting in a new building or of street works. B(A)R 25 & 26
BA14A Certificate on completion of demolition works. B(A)R 25
(Cont'd)
Source : Buildings Department, Hong Kong, SAR. Refer to www.bd.gov.hk for further information.
70
2
71
SPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OR REGULATIONS
FORM NO. PURPOSE RELEVANT SECTION

OF REGULATION
BA15 Notice of intended material change in the use of a building. BOs 25
BA16 Application for modification of and/or exemption from the provisions of the Buildings Ordinance and/or Regu- BOs 42
lations made thereunder.
BA17 Application for permit to erect a temporary building. B(P)R 51
BA18 Application for permit to erect a contractor's shed. B(P)R 53
BA19 Application for permit to erect hoardings, covered walkways or gantries. B(P)R 64
BA20 Notice of technically competent person or persons appointed to supervise demolition works. B(DW)R 8
Notice of nomination by authorized person or registered structural engineer or registered geotechnical engineer
BA21 of another authorized person or registered structural engineer or registered geotechnical engineer to act in BOs 4(2), B(A)R 23(2)
his stead during temporary inability to act.
OR REGULATIONS FOR HONG KONG
BA22 Application for authorization to carry out and/or maintain groundwater drainage works. BOs 28B(1)
BA23 Application for grant/renewal of licence for an oil storage installation. B(OSI)R 6(1) & 7(3)
BA24 Notification to the Building Authority of change of business address. B(A)R 45

SPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE

BA25 Application for registration as a registered minor works contractor (company). B(MW)R 10(1)(B)
BA25A Application for renewal of registration of registered minor works contractor (company). B(MW)RS 14(1)
BA25B Application for restoration of name to the register of minor works contractor (company). B(MW)RS 18(1)
BA25C Application for registration of additional class and /or type of minor works for a registered minor works con- B(MW)RS 21(2)
tractor (company).
BA25D Application for approval of nomination of additional authorized signatory/technical director of a registered B(MW)RS 24(1)
minor work contractor (company).

BA25E Application for review of decision of the Building Authority or recommendation of the Minor Works Contractors B(MW)RS 26
Registration Committee in respect of registration of minor works contractor (company).
BA26 Application for registration as a registered minor works contractor (individual). B(MW)RS 10(1)(A)
BA26A Application for renewal of registration of registered minor works contractor (individual). B(MW)RS 14(1)
BA26B Application for restoration of name to the register of minor works contractor (individual). B(MW)RS 18(1)
BA26C Application for registration of additional items of Class III minor works for a registered minor works contractor B(MW)RS 21(1)
(individual).
BA26D Application for review of decision of the Building Authority or recommendation of the Minor Works Contractors B(MW)RS 26
Registration Committee in respect of registration of minor works contractor (individual).
Source : Buildings Department, Hong Kong, SAR. Refer to www.bd.gov.hk for further information.
72
SUMMARY OF BUILDING REGULATIONS FOR

HONG KONG
NUMBER OF
DESCRIPTION REGULATIONS
Administration 48
Appeal 14
Construction 93
Demolition Works 13
Energy Efficiency 6
Minor Works 66
Minor Works (Fees) 21
Inspection and Repair 36
Oil Storage Installations 12
Planning 72
Private Street and Access

28
Roads
Refuse Storage and Material

Recovery Chambers and 25
Refuse Chutes
Standards of Sanitary Fitments,
Plumbing, Drainage Works and 91
Latrines
Ventilating Systems 7
Source: Buildings Ordinance, Hong Kong, SAR

Refer to www.legislation.gov.hk for further information.

PERCENTAGE SITE COVERAGE AND PLOT
RATIOS FOR HONG KONG
DEFINITION
Class A Site : N
ot being a class B or class C site, that abuts
on one specified street not less than 4.5 m
wide or on more than one such street.
Class B Site : A corner site that abutson 2 specifiedstreets

neither of which is less than 4.5 m wide.
Class C Site : A corner site that abuts on 3 specified

streets none of which is less than 4.5 m
wide.
OPEN SPACE ABOUT DOMESTIC BUILDINGS
Item Class of site Open space required
ot less than one-half of

N
1. Class A site the roofed-over area of the
building
Not less than one-third of

2. Class B site the roofed-over area of the
building
Not less than one-quarter

3. Class C site of the roofed-over area of
the building

(Cont'd)

PERCENTAGE SITE COVERAGE AND PLOT

RATIOS FOR HONG KONG
DOMESTIC BUILDINGS
Height of Percentage site

Plot Ratio
coverage
Building
in metres
Class Class Class Class Class Class

A B C A B C
site site site site site site
Not over 15 m 66.6 75 80 3.3 3.75 4.0
15 m to 18 m 60 67 72 3.6 4.0 4.3
18 m to 21 m 56 62 67 3.9 4.3 4.7
21 m to 24 m 52 58 63 4.2 4.6 5.0
24 m to 27 m 49 55 59 4.4 4.9 5.3
27 m to 30 m 46 52 55 4.6 5.2 5.5
30 m to 36 m 42 47.5 50 5.0 5.7 6.0
36 m to 43 m 39 44 47 5.4 6.1 6.5
43 m to 49 m 37 41 44 5.9 6.5 7.0
49 m to 55 m 35 39 42 6.3 7.0 7.5
55 m to 61 m 34 38 41 6.8 7.6 8.0
Over 61 m 33.33 37.5 40 8.0 9.0 10.0


NON-DOMESTIC BUILDINGS
Percentage site
Plot Ratio
coverage
Class Class Class Class Class Class

A B C A B C
site site site site site site
100 100 100 5 5 5
97.5 97.5 97.5 5.8 5.8 5.8
95 95 95 6.7 6.7 6.7
92 92 92 7.4 7.4 7.4
89 90 90 8.0 8.1 8.1
85 87 88 8.5 8.7 8.8
80 82.5 85 9.5 9.9 10.2
75 77.5 80 10.5 10.8 11.2
69 72.5 75 11.0 11.6 12.0
64 67.5 70 11.5 12.1 12.6
60 62.5 65 12.2 12.5 13.0
60 62.5 65 15 15 15

FIREE RECORDALS TRACKER:

OCTOBER 2015 UPDATE
Since May 2007, any injection of foreign capital in

foreign-invested real estate enterprises (“FIREEs”)
must be recorded with the PRC Ministry of Commerce
(“MOFCOM”). These “FIREE recordals” provide a
useful perspective on the trend and pace of new foreign
capital inflow into the China real estate sector. However,
the FIREE recordal statistics do not disclose the actual
amount of foreign capital involved in each transaction.
Baker & McKenzie has been tracking FIREE recordals

announced by MOFCOM since May 2007. Set out below
are some FIREE recordal statistics and data current up to
the end of October 2015. In summary:
○ The total number of FIREE recordals in

October 2015 was 36, up from 30 in September
2015.
○ The total number of FIREE recordals in 2008, 2009,

2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 were 1,051, 991,
1,094, 767, 759, 763 and 622 respectively.
○ Since May 2007, cumulatively, there have been

8,253 FIREE recordals up to the end of October
2015. This includes 3,457 cases of new project
operating entities being established, 3,860 cases
of capital increase or M&A transactions (involving
capital increase) related to existing project operating
entities, and 531 cases of M&A transactions which
do not involve any capital increase.
Provided by :
Mr. Rico Chan
Partner, Baker & McKenzie Hong Kong Office
+852 2846 1971
rico.chan@bakermckenzie.com

1. FIREE recordals: monthly from 1 Jan 2012 to
31 Oct 2015:
2. Cities with the highest number of FIREE

recordals from May 2007 to Oct 2015:
Provided by :
Mr. Rico Chan
+852 2846 1971
(Cont'd)

FIREE RECORDALS TRACKER:

OCTOBER 2015 UPDATE
3. Types of FIREE recordals from May 2007 to

Oct 2015:
About the FIREE Recordal Regime
The regulatory regime for recording foreign-invested

real estate enterprises was first established in May 2007
by MOFCOM and the State Administration of Foreign
Exchange (“SAFE”). This “FIREE recordal” regime was
part of a scheme of regulatory measures introduced
between 2006 to 2007 to monitor and control foreign
investment in the real estate sector at a time when the
central government considered the real estate sector to be
overheated. This regime controls all types of foreign capital
inflow being injected into the real estate sector for purposes
such as the setting up of new entities, capital increases
and mergers & acquisitions. Foreign capital flowing into
China cannot be converted into Renminbi (China’s legal
currency) unless and until the “FIREE recordal” process
has been completed with MOFCOM and SAFE.
Since July 2008, the provincial-level commerce authorities

have been charged with the primary responsibility of
vetting the legal compliance of FIREE-related transactions.
Provided by :
Mr. Rico Chan
+852 2846 1971

MOFCOM reserves the right to conduct random checks
on the recordals filed by the provincial-level commerce
authorities. Generally, within one to two weeks of receiving
an electronic submission from a provincial level commerce
authority, MOFCOM will release the new FIREE recordal
on its public website. Only then can the local bureau of
SAFE and the local commercial bank credit the foreign
currency funds into the accounts of the transaction parties
concerned. In December 2008, MOFCOM further simplified
the local recordal procedures such that the general office
of the provincial government is no longer required to
jointly endorse the recordal form with the provincial-level
commerce authority.
Pursuant to Notice 340 issued by MOFCOM, starting from

August 2014 provincial-level commerce authorities are
authorized to complete the FIREE recordal process for
companies located in their respective regions. MOFCOM
will continue to consolidate all the new FIREE recordals
on a nation-wide basis and publish such data on its official
website. MOFCOM will also conduct random checks on the
recordals submitted and the local authorities and parties
involved, and non-compliance will lead to sanction and
black-listing of the violators.
Special Note: Pursuant to the Notice on Further Improving

the Recordal of Foreign Investments in Real Estate (Notice
895) issued by MOFCOM, starting from 6 November 2015
MOFCOM will no longer publish the data of new FIREE
recordals on its official website, but it will continue to conduct
random checks on the local bureaus’ approvals relating
to FIREEs and that non-compliance with the statutory
approval requirements will lead to the black-listing of the
violators and also legal sanctions against them.
Provided by :
Mr. Rico Chan
+852 2846 1971

PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES AND FORM OF

CONTRACTS
General
A host of contract procurement approaches have emerged

in the past decade. Each procurement approach has
characteristics, benefits and restrictions peculiar to it.
There is no single approach that fits all situations. The key
to a successful procurement arrangement lies in marrying
the right procurement approach with the particular contract
in question. This calls for a systematic identification of
client’s requirements and evaluation of the decision criteria
relating to the procurement strategy.
Common criteria for procurement selection
Speed – Fast-tracking projects generally favor

arrangements that offer opportunities to overlap the
design and construction processes e.g. design & build
contracting and management contracting.
Cost certainty – Reliability of budgets is one of the prime

concerns of most clients. Traditional lump sum bills of
quantities and design & build contracting offer the highest
degree of price certainty.
Complexity – Projects which are technologically advanced

or highly serviced generally favor the use of traditional
contracting where the design will be well developed prior to
the tendering stage. Procurement arrangements such as
construction management and management contracting
that allow early involvement of management contractor are
also considered suitable for complex projects.
Responsibility – For projects using traditional contracting,

the contractor is employed to build what the client’s
design team has documented. Therefore, any dispute
as to quality of works has to be resolved into a design or
workmanship issue in the very first place. By contrast,
design & build contracts offer the clearest division of
responsibility where the design & build contractor will be
the sole point of responsibility.

Common standard form of contract in Hong Kong
In 2005, the Hong Kong Institute of Architects, the Hong

Kong Institute of Construction Managers and the Hong
Kong Institute of Surveyors jointly published a new
standard form of building contract which is designed
particularly for private projects where bills of quantities
are provided.
In 2006, the three institutes published another standard

form of building contract tailored for private projects
without bills of quantities.
For public works, the conditions of contracts are often

based on one of the following standard forms: -
The Government of the HKSAR, General Conditions of

Contract for Building Works 1999 Edition

Contract for Civil Engineering Works 1999 Edition

Contract for Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Works
1999 Edition

Design and Build Contracts 1999 Edition
New Engineering Contract (NEC)
NEC is the abbreviation for “New Engineering Contract”

which is a suite of contracts published by the Institute of Civil
Engineers in the United Kingdoms. The NEC has become
increasingly popular in the public sector of Hong Kong. In
a Development Bureau paper for LegCo dated 25 February
2014, it was reported that “Government has been using the
NEC form …… Currently, there are 10 public works projects
with construction contracts using NEC form. We will use
(Cont'd)

PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES AND FORM OF

CONTRACTS
New Engineering Contract (NEC) (Cont’d)
the NEC form more extensively in different works categories

(including building works, civil engineering works etc.),
contract types and contracts of different prices.” The NEC
family covers not only construction contracts between
employers and contractors but also professional services
for employers to engage consultants and adjudicators.
The Engineering & Construction Contract (ECC) of the

NEC family of contracts contains standard options that
cover lump sum contracts, target cost contracts, cost
reimbursable contracts and management contracts. The
ECC contract claims to be radically different to traditional
construction contracts in that it facilitates good management
and encourages collaborative working. For instance, both
the Project Manager and the Contractor are obliged to
give early warnings and to hold early warning meetings
to mitigate the effects of change in contract scope. Great
emphasis is also given to the programme which has to be
accepted by the Project Manager and to be kept updated
by the Contractor. The Project Manager is to maintain a
Risk Register to record risks that have arisen during the
contract and the decisions of how to deal with them.
Arcadis was the NEC Advisor for Fuk Man Road Nullah
Improvement Works – the very first NEC pilot project in
Hong Kong. Our work with the project team for that pilot
project reveals that it is not only the letter or the form of
the NEC that brings about the advantages of flexibility and
promotion of good project management. The success lies
in a change in mindset and attitudes and the establishment
of mutual trust.

PROJECT CRITERIA RELATIVE DEGREE OF APPROPRIATENESS
Management Construction Design and

Parameter Objectives Traditional Contracting Management Construct
Timing Early Completion Low High High High
Cost Pre construction price certainty High Low Low High
Quality Design prestige High High High Low

Variations Avoid prohibitive cost of change High Moderate Moderate Low
Procurement Strategy Table
Complexity Technically advance or highly Moderate High High Low

complex building
Responsibility Single contractual link Low Low Low High
Professional Responsibility Need for design team to report to High High High Low
sponsor
Risk Avoidance Desire to transfer complete risk Low Low Low High
Damage Recovery Facility to recover costs direct from Moderate Low Low High
contractor
Buildability Contractor input to economic Low High High High
construction
84
PROPERTY
3
Property Commentary
Property Indicators

in Hong Kong

in PRC
Construction Floor Area (CFA) Definition

3 PROPERTY
PROPERTY COMMENTARY
HONG KONG'S PROPERTY MARKET IN 2015
Economic overview
Hong Kong’s economy expanded at a moderate pace
in 2015 despite volatile equity market and spill-over
effect from China’s economic slowdown. In the first three
quarters of 2015, the city’s real GDP rose 2.5% year on
year, slightly faster than 2.4% during the same period of
2014. Consumer price inflation eased to 2.4% in October,
reflecting softening import prices. Meanwhile, the labour
market remained resilient with seasonally adjusted
unemployment rate for September to November 2015
standing at 3.3%.
Financial services, information technology and construction

sectors were buoyant in 2015. The launches of Shanghai-
Hong Kong Stock Connect and Mutual Fund Recognition
scheme, coupled with the development of the offshore
RMB business in Hong Kong, attracted mainland
financial institutions to explore the opportunities of cross-
border financial integrations and Reminbi liberalisation.
Meanwhile, the information technology sector also
expanded along with fast growing e-commerce markets in
the Asia-Pacific region. The construction sector remained
robust with massive transport infrastructure projects and
building works undergoing.
However, the trade and wholesale sector continued

to face challenges due to the contraction of China’s
merchandise trade. The volumes of imports and exports
in the first nine months of 2015 decreased 2.7% and
2.2% respectively. Contraction can also be witnessed in
the retail and tourism sectors. With a 0.8% year-on-year
decline in the number of visitor arrivals in the first ten
months, the total retail sales value decreased 2.7% year
Provided by :
87 PROPERTY
on year to reach HK$153 billion.
Looking ahead, Hong Kong’s economy will retain its

close ties with the mainland and global macro-economic
conditions. The financial services, information technology
and logistics sectors could continue to benefit from China’s
transformation into a consumption-and-services-driven
economy. We expect Hong Kong’s real GDP to grow
around 2-3% per annum from 2016 to 2018. The possible
spill-over effects from the weakening retail sector to the
labour market remain an on-going concern.
Retail
In 2015, Hong Kong’s retail market faced considerable
headwinds due to a contraction in inbound tourism. Its
attractiveness as a travel destination diminished as the
Hong Kong dollar remained strong, being pegged to the
US dollar. In the first ten months of 2015, the number of
visitor arrivals decreased by 0.8% compared with the
same period in 2014. Visitor spending in the third quarter
recorded a 5.6% year-on-year decline in real terms,
faster than the 3.1% decline in the first half. Against this
backdrop, the value of total retail sales in the first ten
months decreased by 2.7% compared with the same
period in 2014. The categories of “jewellery, watches,
clocks & valuable gifts” and “clothing, footwear & allied
products” saw drastic declines, mirroring the slowdown
in tourist spending.
Sluggish retail sales promoted luxury retailers to

consider branch consolidation. Prime street shop
landlords were under pressure to cut rents and in some
Provided by :
(Cont'd)
PROPERTY 88
3 PROPERTY
PROPERTY COMMENTARY
Retail (Cont'd)
cases to subdivide a larger space into smaller units to
boost demand. Meanwhile, demand from mass-market
retailers, such as those in the “supermarkets, food
and beverage and consumer durable goods” category,
remained robust due to resilient local consumption on the
back of stable labour market conditions.
Transaction activity in the retail property sales market was

stagnant with buyers sitting on the sideline. The volume
in the first ten months of 2015 decreased by 27.3% year
on year, while the total value also fell 11.4% year on year
to HK$25.8 billion. During the first three quarters of 2015,
prime street shop prices and rents dropped by 12% and
10% respectively, according to Knight Frank. Retail yields
remained steady at around 2.3% over the past year,
according to official figures.
Looking ahead, with a slower Chinese economy, US

interest-rate hikes and the spill-over effects from the
weakening retail sector to the labour market, we expect
retail sales to continue softening. Prime street shop rents
could fall 10-15% next year, but rents in prime shopping
malls are expected to climb 2-3% in 2016, while rents
in non-core major shopping malls, such as those in the
New Territories near MTR stations, could increase 5-10%
thanks to their convenient locations for both Mainland
tourists and local consumers.
Residential
Only one major property market cooling measure was
introduced by the Hong Kong government in 2015, namely
the lowering of the Loan-to-value ratio for self-use homes
under HK$7 million announced in February 2015. With a
Provided by :
89 PROPERTY
lifted down-payment ratio, even more homebuyers shifted
to the low-price segment of the market due to lowered
affordability. Home sales worth below HK$10 million took
up about 70% of the total sales during the year. In terms
of the size of transacted units, over 70% of units sold
were below 600 sq ft.
While Government’s cooling measures are still in place,

a potential US interest-rate hike and abundant housing
supply in the pipeline have prompted potential buyers
to adopt a wait-and-see approach, resulting in subdued
property sales in the year, dampening especially the
second-hand market, with abundant supply of primary
units offered for competitive prices comparable with
secondary units in the vicinity.
For the first eleven months of 2015, residential property

sales reached 51,939 units, down 10.1% compared with
the same period in 2014. During the period, 14,673 of
them were primary transactions, down 2.7% year on
year. Meanwhile, secondary home sales declined 12.8%.
Primary sales represented 28% of total residential sales
transactions, compared with about 10% in 2010. Despite
slower sales, residential prices went up 8.7% according
to official figures.
The Chief Executive has announced that the market

cooling policies will remain in place in the near term, which
will continue to suppress housing demand. On the supply
side, there will be around 110,000 new homes supply from
2016 to 2020, representing about 22,000 units per year on
average. With these, combined with the interest-rate rise,
we expect mass home prices to decrease 5-10% next year,
while luxury residential prices could drop 0-5% over 2016.
Provided by :
(Cont'd)
PROPERTY 90
3 PROPERTY
PROPERTY COMMENTARY
Office
The Hong Kong Grade-A office sales market became more
active in 2015, with a number of record-breaking en-bloc
transactions recorded during the year. In the first ten
months of 2015, the number of office sales transactions
reached 1,317, exceeding the total of 1,271 recorded
over 2014. During the period, the average capital value of
Grade-A offices went up 2%, while Grade-A office yields
slightly dropped 0.1 percentage point to 2.8%, compared
with the end of 2014.
On the leasing front, the market remained active

in 2015, driven by strong expansion demand from
mainland Chinese firms, riding on the launch of
Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect and Mainland-
Hong Kong Mutual Recognition of Funds, together with
relocation demand towards decentralised areas from
cost-cautious companies and large-space occupiers.
As a result, the average Grade-A vacancy rate plunged
from 3.4% in December 2014 to 1.5% in November
2015. In Central, the vacancy rate fell to 1.3%, close
to the historical low of 1% in 2008.
By the end of November, the average Grade-A office

rent witnessed a 10.8% increase year to date. All
districts on Hong Kong Island recorded positive growth
in office rents, with Central seeing an 11% growth.
However, due to increasing supply, decentralised
areas such as Hung Hom and Kowloon East saw rental
declines during the year.
Looking forward, given sustained demand and low

vacancy rates, the long-term outlook for the Hong Kong
Grade-A office market remains optimistic. Grade-A
office rents in core areas, in particular the Central
CBD, is expected to further increase on the back of
Provided by :
91 PROPERTY
limited availability. However, rental growth in non-core
districts may be suppressed due to abundant supply
in the pipeline.
Industrial
With favourable government policies encouraging the
redevelopment of industrial buildings, the sales volume of
flatted factories reached approximately 2,900 during the
first ten months of 2015, up 20% from the same period
in 2014. Their prices and rents increased 9.1% and 6.7%
respectively during the period, according to the Rating and
Valuation Department. Industrial property yields slightly
dropped 0.1 percentage point to 2.8%.
Revitalisation activity remained robust in 2015, particularly

in Kowloon East, in line with the emergence of CBD2.
As of November 2015, the government had received
181 applications for the revitalisation of industrial
buildings, compared with 142 a year ago. Among the 181
applications, 159 involved wholesale conversion and 22
involved redevelopment. 10 applications were approved
in 2015, of which 4 were located in Kowloon East.
However, industrial leasing became slower since the

second quarter of the year, as the weakening retail sales
resulted in softening demand for warehouse facilities.
Looking ahead, the industrial leasing market is expected
to remain under pressure in 2016, given the lingering
weak retail market in Hong Kong. Meanwhile, industrial
sales activity is also expected to slow down following the
expiry of the Revitalisation of Industrial Building Policy
in March 2016, as investors will have less incentive to
buy industrial buildings for conversion or redevelopment
without the favourable measures.
Provided by :
PROPERTY 92
3 PROPERTY
PROPERTY INDICATORS
HONG KONG GRADE-A OFFICE PRICE
* Nov figure
Source: Knight Frank Research
HONG KONG GRADE-A OFFICE VACANCY RATES
* Nov figure
93 PROPERTY
HONG KONG GRADE-A OFFICE RENTAL VALUES
* Nov figure
HONG KONG GRADE-A OFFICE SUPPLY
Source: Rating and Valuation Department / Knight Frank Research
PROPERTY 94
3
95
GROSS FLOOR AREA (GFA) CALCULATIONS IN HONG KONG
BUILDING
FEATURE (PLANNING) REMARKS
REGULATION
General floor area Accountable Area within outer surface of external walls.
PROPERTY
HONG KONG
Basement Accountable
Balcony / utility platform * Accountable Non-accountable if for residential buildings and be open on at least 2
sides, max. 50% area grantable.
Non- accountable if: 1. The curtain wall system itself does not form part of
Curtain wall / cladding Non-accountable the structural system of the parent building; 2. The system does not result
in any additional floor area at a floor level; 3. The projection of the system
from the outer face of the structural elements does not exceed 300 mm.
External wall finishes (including bay Non-accountable Precast facades may subject to conditions be excluded from GFA
windows) * calculation.
Plant rooms Non-accountable Subject to justification with reasonable plant layouts.
Staircases and lift shafts Accountable Except staircases and lift shafts solely serving non-accountable areas.
Covered public carparking space Accountable
Covered private carparking space Non-accountable Applicable only for spaces serving users of the building required under
local standard and built below ground.
GROSS FLOOR AREA (GFA) CALCULATIONS IN
Lobby * Accountable Concession may be granted for lift lobbies subject to conditions.
PROPERTY
Canopy Accountable Non-accountable when the canopy solely serves as protection against
weather and falling object.
Refuge floor Non-accountable
PROPERTY
Space below elevated ground floor Accountable Non-accountable if the covered areas are clearly intended for and designed
as playground or dedicated as public passage.
Open-sided covered walkways for common areas in residential
Covered walkways * Accountable developments may be exempted, subject to the proposed walkways being
not for commercial use.
Loading and unloading bay Non-accountable Applicable if required under local standard/lease and built below ground.
Refuse storage chambers, refuse
storage, refuse chutes, refuse Non-accountable
hopper rooms
Floor space inside sloping roof Accountable
Covered area on roof-tops Non-accountable Non-accountable for plant rooms and staircases only.
Recreational facilities * Accountable Non-accountable subject to conditions.
Spaces for watchmen and Accountable Non-accountable subject to conditions.
management staff *
External staircases Accountable Non-accountable if situated in non-accountable areas.
* Total concessions of these areas are subject to a cap of 10% of the total GFA and prerequisites with sustainability designs.
Disclaimer : GFA calculations are subject to various legislation and practice notes. All cases of accountable or non-accountable GFA
are subject to individual conditions. The above presents a brief summary only and users are advised to seek professional
advice from authorized persons. Langdon & Seah herewith disclaims any liability that may arise from unsolicited use of the
information given above.
96
3
97
GROSS FLOOR AREA (GFA) CALCULATIONS IN PRC
PRC
NATIONAL STANDARD
- STANDARD
MEASUREMENT FOR
FEATURE CONSTRUCTION AREA OF REMARKS FOR BEIJING, SHANGHAI AND GUANGZHOU
BUILDING
(GB/T 50353-2005)
PROPERTY
General floor area Accountable Area within outer surface of external insulation.
Shanghai : External insulation is exempted from calculation of plot ratio.
1. Beijing: Non-accountable
Basement Accountable 2. Shanghai : Non-accountable.
3. Guangzhou : Accountable for GFA except where the floor space is
solely for plant rooms or carpark.
Balcony / utility platform Accountable
Curtain wall / cladding Accountable Except decorative type of curtain wall.
External wall finishes (including bay Non-accountable
windows)
Plant rooms Accountable
Staircases and lift shafts Accountable
Covered public carparking space Accountable
Covered private carparking space Accountable
GROSS FLOOR AREA (GFA) CALCULATIONS IN
Lobby Accountable
PROPERTY
Canopy Accountable Non-accountable subject to width of the canopy not exceeding 2.1m.
1. Shanghai : Non-accountable.
Refuge floor Accountable 2. Guangzhou : Only refuge areas on refuge floor are non-accountable.
PROPERTY
Space below elevated ground floor Accountable Non-accountable for GFA if for the usage of walkway, green, public
amenities or similar public function.
Covered walkways Accountable
Loading and unloading bay Accountable Non-accountable if not roofed over.
Refuse storage chambers, refuse
storage, refuse chutes, refuse Accountable Non-accountable if not roofed over.
hopper rooms
Floor space inside sloping roof Accountable Non-accountable if clear height does not exceed 1.2m.
1. Shanghai : Non-accountable if the area of the construction on roof-
Covered area on roof-tops Accountable top does not exceed 1/8 of the area of the typical floor.
2. Guangzhou: Staircase, lift lobby and water tank room on roof-tops
are exempted from GFA
Recreational facilities Accountable
Spaces for watchmen and Accountable
management staff
External staircases Accountable Non-accountable if not roofed over.
Disclaimer : GFA calculations are subject to various legislation and practice notes. All cases of accountable or non-accountable GFA
are subject to individual conditions. The above presents a brief summary only and users are advised to seek professional
advice from authorized persons. Langdon & Seah herewith disclaims any liability that may arise from unsolicited use of the
information given above.
98
3 PROPERTY
CONSTRUCTION FLOOR AREA (CFA)

DEFINITION
The construction floor area measured from drawings is

defined as covered floor areas fulfilling the functional
requirements of the building measured to the outside face
of the external walls or external perimeter.
It includes floor areas occupied by:

○ partitions
○ columns
○ stairwells
○ lift shafts
○ plant rooms
○ water tanks
○ balconies
○ utilities platforms
○ vertical ducts
○ service floors higher than 2.2m and the like
But excludes floor areas occupied by:

○ bay windows
○ planters projecting from the building, and
○ the areas covered by canopies, roof eaves and
awnings
Sloping surfaces such as staircases, escalators and

carpark ramps are to be measured flat on plan.
The measurement of construction floor area is as defined by

Langdon & Seah, an Arcadis Company.
99 PROPERTY
FINANCIAL
4
Financial Definitions
Financial Formulae
Mortgage Repayment Table
Composite CPI
Prime Rates
Exchange Rates
Currency Charts
Hang Seng Index

4 FINANCIAL
FINANCIAL DEFINITIONS
DISCOUNT RATE
The rate of return a developer expects when investing
in a project.
i.e. opportunity cost.
INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)

The IRR may be defined as the interest rate that equates
the present value of expected future cash flows to the
cost of the investment.
The IRR can be compared to the Discount Rate.
NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV)

The NPV is the present value of all future cash flows,
discounted back to today's values at the Discount Rate.
The NPV indicates in today's dollars the profit or loss a

developer makes above or below his required profit (based
on a nominated Discount Rate).
72 RULE
The approximate number of years required to double
your capital can be calculated by dividing the interest
rate into 72.
e.g. If interest rate = 10% p.a.

Then 72 ÷ 10 = 7.2 years
It will take approximately 7.2 years to double
your capital if it is invested at 10% p.a.
101 FINANCIAL
FINANCIAL FORMULAE
Future value of $1 FV = PV (1 + i)n
Future value of $1 per

FV = PMT [((1+i)n - 1) ÷ i]
period
Sinking fund (the

amount required to be
put away periodically PMT = FV [ i ÷ ((1 + i)n - 1)]
to realise some future
sum)
Present value of $1 PV = FV [1÷ (1+i)n]
Present value of $1
PV = PMT[((1+i)n -1)÷( i(1+i)n)]
per period
Annuity with a PV of
$1 (mortgage bond PMT = PV[(i (1+i)n) ÷((1+i)n -1)]
formula)
PV = present value
FV = future value
PMT = payment amount
n = period (e.g. 10 years with monthly

payments, n = 10 x 12 = 120)
i = interest rate per period

(e.g. 12% p.a. compounded monthly;
i = 12% ÷ 12 months = 1% per period)
Refer to www.hkifa.org.hk for further information.
FINANCIAL 102
4 FINANCIAL
MORTGAGE REPAYMENT TABLE
Based on :
○ 1,000 units of currency
○ Interest compounded monthly
○ Equal monthly repayments
REPAYMENT (years)
INTEREST
p.a.
10 15 20 25
1% 8.76 5.98 4.60 3.77
2% 9.20 6.44 5.06 4.24
3% 9.66 6.91 5.55 4.74
4% 10.12 7.40 6.06 5.28
5% 10.61 7.91 6.60 5.85
6% 11.10 8.44 7.16 6.44
7% 11.61 8.99 7.75 7.07
8% 12.13 9.56 8.36 7.72
9% 12.67 10.14 9.00 8.40
10% 13.22 10.75 9.65 9.09
11% 13.78 11.37 10.32 9.80
12% 14.35 12.00 11.01 10.53
13% 14.93 12.65 11.72 11.28
14% 15.53 13.32 12.44 12.04

15% 16.13 14.00 13.17 12.81
Example:
Borrow $1,000,000 to be repaid monthly at 5% p.a. over 20 years.
Repayments = 1,000,000 ÷ 1,000 x $6.60
= $6,600 per month
Refer to www.hkmc.com.hk for an online mortgage calculator.
103 FINANCIAL
COMPOSITE CPI
YEAR INDEX % CHANGE
2002 92.0 -3.1%

2003 89.7 -2.6%
2004 89.3 -0.4%
2005 90.1 1.0%
2006 92.0 2.0%
2007 93.8 2.0%
2008 97.8 4.3%
2009 98.4 0.5%
2010 100.7 2.4%
2011 106.0 5.3%
2012 110.3 4.1%
2013 115.1 4.3%
2014 120.2 4.4%
2015* 123.3 3.1%
Note: * 1/15 to 10/15 only
The base index (100) applies to the period from October 2009
to September 2010.
Source : Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong, SAR

FINANCIAL 104
4 FINANCIAL
PRIME RATES
PRIME RATES AND BASE LENDING RATES AS AT

4TH QUARTER 2015.
COUNTRY RATE (%)
Brunei 5.50
China1 4.75
Hong Kong 5.00
India 9.95
Indonesia 7.75
Macau 5.25
Malaysia2 4.65
Philippines 4.51
Singapore 5.35
South Korea3 1.50
Thailand4 7.10
United Kingdom 0.50
United States of America 3.25
Vietnam5 9.00
1 - 3-Year Benchmark Lending Rate

2 - Indicative Effective Lending Rate
3 - Call Rate of the Bank of Korea (Implementation date is
22 Nov. 2012)
4 - Minimum Loan Rate % per annum (average based on local bank)
5 - Minimum and VND per year
105 FINANCIAL
CHANGES IN HONG KONG PRIME RATES
DATE % DATE %
08 Jan 2001 9.00 05 Jul 2005 6.25

05 Feb 2001 8.50 22 Jul 2005 6.50
26 Mar 2001 8.00 11 Aug 2005 6.75
23 Apr 2001 7.50 23 Sep 2005 7.00
21 May 2001 7.00 03 Nov 2005 7.50
03 Jul 2001 6.75 15 Dec 2005 7.75
24 Aug 2001 6.50 30 Mar 2006 8.00
19 Sep 2001 6.00 07 Nov 2006 7.75
04 Oct 2001 5.50 20 Sep 2007 7.50
08 Nov 2001 5.25 02 Nov 2007 7.25
13 Dec 2001 5.125 12 Nov 2007 7.00
08 Nov 2002 5.00 13 Dec 2007 6.75
23 Sep 2004 5.125 24 Jan 2008 6.00
12 Nov 2004 5.00 01 Feb 2008 5.75
21 Mar 2005 5.25 20 Mar 2008 5.25
23 May 2005 5.75 10 Nov 2008 5.00
Source : Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Refer to www.info.gov.hk/hkma for further information.
FINANCIAL 106
4 FINANCIAL
EXCHANGE RATES
Approximate rates prevailing on 24 November 2015.
COUNTRY CURRENCY HK$1 US$1
Australia Dollar 0.18 1.39
Brunei Dollar 0.18 1.41
Canada Dollar 0.17 1.33
China Renminbi 0.82 6.39
EU (Euro Zone) Euro 0.12 0.94
Hong Kong Dollar 1.00 7.75
India Rupee 8.57 66.37
Indonesia Rupiah 1,767 13,696
Japan Yen 15.84 122.72
Macau Pataca 1.03 7.98
Malaysia Ringgit 0.55 4.24
New Zealand Dollar 0.20 1.53
Source : www.exchange-rates.org
Refer also : www.xe.com
107 FINANCIAL
COUNTRY CURRENCY HK$1 US$1
Philippines Peso 6.07 47.07
Qatar Rial 0.47 3.64
Saudi Arabia Riyal 0.48 3.75
Singapore Dollar 0.18 1.41
South Korea Won 148.90 1,153.59
Switzerland Franc 0.13 1.02
Taiwan NT Dollar 4.21 32.62
Thailand Baht 4.62 35.78
United Arab
Dirham 0.47 3.67
Emirates
United Kingdom Pound 0.09 0.66
United States of
Dollar 0.13 1.00
America
Vietnam Dong 2,902 22,494
Source : www.exchange-rates.org
Refer also : www.xe.com
FINANCIAL 108
4 FINANCIAL
CURRENCY CHARTS
STERLING POUND
EURO

Refer to www.info.gov.hk/hkma for further information
Refer also : www.xe.com ; www.exchange-rates.org
109 FINANCIAL
AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR
SINGAPORE DOLLAR

(Cont'd)
FINANCIAL 110
4 FINANCIAL
CURRENCY CHARTS
JAPANESE YEN
RENMINBI

111 FINANCIAL
HANG SENG INDEX
FINANCIAL
HANG SENG INDEX
Refer to www.aastocks.com for further information.
112
OTHER INFORMATION
5
Utility Costs for Selected Asian Cities
Conversion Factors
IDD Codes and Time Differences
Public Holidays
Arcadis Asia Leadership Team
Arcadis Asia Sectors
Arcadis Asia Services
Directory of Offices
Telephone Directory
5 OTHER INFORMATION
UTILITY COSTS FOR SELECTED

ASIAN CITIES
ELECTRICITY
EXCHANGE
RATE COMMERCIAL/
CITY DOMESTIC
INDUSTRIAL
US$1= US$/kWh US$/kWh
Hong Kong HK$ 7.80 0.10 0.12

0.097(peak) / 0.162(peak) /
Shanghai RMB 6.35 0.048(normal) 0.072(normal)
0.24(peak) /
Beijing RMB 6.35 0.07 0.13(normal)
Guangzhou RMB 6.35 0.10 0.16 / 0.11
Chongqing RMB 6.35 0.08 0.13
Macau MOP 7.98 0.17 0.17
Kuala Lumpur RM 4.33 0.050 - 0.132 0.088 - 0.118
Singapore S$ 1.40 0.15 0.15

Basis of Charges in Hong Kong, China
○ Water
Domestic :
0 - 12m3 = Free of charge; 12 - 43m3 = US$ 0.53/m3;
43 - 62m3 = US$ 0.83/m3; Above 62m3 = US$ 1.16/m3
○ Electricity (Based on tariff scheme of CLP Holdings Limited)
Domestic (bi-monthly consumption)
0 - 400kWh = US$ 0.10/kWh; 400 - 1,000kWh = US$ 0.12/kWh;
1,000 - 1,800kWh = US$ 0.14/kWh; 1,800 - 2,600kWh = US$ 0.18/kWh;
2,600 - 3,400kWh = US$ 0.21/kWh; 3,400 - 4,200kWh = US$ 0.22/kWh;
Above 4,200kWh = US$ 0.22/kWh
Basis of Charges in Beijing and Guangzhou, China
○ Unleaded fuel rate is for Unleaded gasoline 97.
Basis of Charges in Shanghai, China
○ Unleaded Fuel
93# = US$1.09/litre; 97# = US$1.15/litre
Basis of Charges in Chongqing, China
○ Unleaded Fuel
93# = US$0.91/litre; 97# = US$0.97/litre
Basis of Charges in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
○ Unleaded fuel rate is for Unleaded petrol Ron 95.
115 OTHER INFORMATION

WATER FUEL
COMMERCIAL/
DOMESTIC DIESEL LEADED UNLEADED
INDUSTRIAL
US$/m3 US$/m3 US$/litre US$/litre US$/litre
0.83 0.59 1.37 N/A 1.85
0.57 0.82 0.84 N/A 0.91 - 0.97
0.78 - 1.42 1.28 0.86 N/A 0.98
0.31 0.55 0.86 N/A 1.00
0.38 0.72 0.85 N/A 0.91 / 0.97
0.55 - 0.78 0.70 1.21 N/A 1.44
0.238 - 0.462 0.478 - 0.527 0.439 N/A 0.473
1.29 1.49 0.86 N/A 1.62
Basis of Charges in Macau, China

○ Water
Domestic :
Consumption charge = US$ 0.55/m3 for 28m3 or below; US$0.62/m3

for 29m3 to 60m3; US$0.70/m3 for 61m3 to 79m3 and US$0.78/m3

for 80m3 or above.
Other charges (Depending on meter size 15mm - 200mm) :
Meter rental = US$0.34 - 58.00/month
Commercial/ Industrial :
Charges for ordinary users (e.g. Business, government buildings,
schools, associations, hospitals and others) only. Special users (e.g.
gaming industries, hotels, saunas, golf courses, construction, public
infrastructure and other temporary consumption) are excluded.
○ Electricity
Electricity tariffs are a composition of demand charges, consumption
charges, fuel clause adjustment and government tax.
Basis of Charges in Singapore (All rates are nett of GST)
○ Domestic water rate includes water conservation tax and water-borne fee and
is an average for the 1st 40m3, exclude sanitary appliance fee.
○ Non-domestic water rate includes water conservation tax and water-borne fee,
exclude sanitary appliance fee.
○ Electricity tariff is based on low tension power supply.
○ Unleaded fuel rate is for 98 Unleaded petrol as at 5 November 2015.
○ Diesel fuel rate as at 5 November 2015. (Cont'd)
OTHER INFORMATION 116

5 OTHER INFORMATION
UTILITY COSTS FOR SELECTED

ASIAN CITIES
ELECTRICITY
EXCHANGE
RATE COMMERCIAL/
CITY DOMESTIC
INDUSTRIAL
US$1= US$/kWh US$/kWh
Bangkok BHT 35.61 0.052 - 0.111 0.074 - 0.076
Manila PHP 47.00 0.21 - 0.22 0.21
Brunei B$ 1.26 0.008 - 0.12 0.058 - 0.162
Jakarta IDR 13,750 0.111 0.111

0.09 - 0.16 /
Ho Chi Minh VND 22,410 0.11 0.06 - 0.11
Bangalore INR 65.00 0.042 - 0.098 0.116 - 0.121
New Delhi INR 65.00 0.062 - 0.130 0.139 - 0.160
Seoul KRW 1,136 0.05 - 0.165 0.06 - 0.10
Basis of Charges in Bangkok, Thailand

○ Electricity (Domestic) = For normal tariff with consumption not
exceeding 150kWh per month
○ Fuel (Unleaded) = Gasohol 95
Basis of Charges in Manila, Philippines

○ Water
Domestic : 29m3 - 41m3/month
Commercial/Industrial : 4,030m3/month
○ Electricity
Domestic : 190kWh - 860kWh
Commercial/Industrial : 150,000kWh
Water and Electricity actual billing includes miscellaneous charges such
as Environmental Charge, Currency Exchange Rate Adjustment (CERA),
VAT, etc.
Basis of Charges in Brunei

○ Electricity (Domestic) : Tariff effective from 1st Jan 2012. 1-10 kWh 10c,
11-60 kWh 8c, 61-100kWh 12c, above 100kWh 15c

WATER FUEL
COMMERCIAL/
DOMESTIC DIESEL LEADED UNLEADED
INDUSTRIAL
US$/m3 US$/m3 US$/litre US$/litre US$/litre
0.239 - 0.406 0.267- 0.444 0.648 N/A 0.719
0.48 - 0.80 1.47 0.568 N/A 0.905
0.088 - 0.355 0.492 - 0.532 0.306 0.411 0.427
0.713 0.877 0.487 N/A 0.538
0.24 - 0.51 0.75 / 0.43 0.61 N/A 0.81 - 0.84
0.400 - 0.692 1.338 0.762 N/A 0.993
0.288 - 1.037 1.318 - 5.886 0.720 N/A 0.939
0.32 - 0.69 0.70 - 1.11 1.08 N/A 1.28
Basis of Charges in Seoul, Korea

○ Water
Domestic = US$0.95/month (basic rate)
(the usage of 15mm caliber)
Commercial = US$78.35/month (basic rate)
(the usage of 100mm caliber)
○ Electricity
Domestic = US$1.41/month (basic rate) + US$0.05/kWh ~ 0.165/kWh
(300kWh below in use)
Commercial = US$6.31/month (basic rate) + US$0.06/kWh ~ 0.1/kWh
(300kWh below in use)
Basis of Charges in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam (All rates are VAT inclusive)
○ Electricity : Domestic electricity rates are applied to the 301 KW above
wards
○ Fuel : Diesel fuel D.O - 0.05%
: 92 and 95 Unleaded petrol as at October 2012.

5 OTHER INFORMATION
CONVERSION FACTORS
UNIT
LENGTH
10 mm = 1 cm 12 in = 1 ft
100 cm = 1 m 3 ft = 1 yd
1,000 m = 1 km 1,760 yd = 1 mile
AREA
10,000 m2 = 1 ha 9 ft2 = 1 yd2

100 ha = 1 km2 4,840 yd2 = 1 acre
640 acre = 1 mile2
VOLUME
1,000 ml = 1 l (UK) 8 pt = (UK) 1 gal

(US) 8 pt = (US) 1 gal
1,000 l = 1 m3
MASS
1,000 g = 1 kg 16 oz = 1 lb
1,000 kg = 1 tonne 2,240 lb = 1 ton
16 tael = 1 catty
POWER
TEMPERATURE
Refer to www.online-unit-converter.com , www.dimensionconverter.com

for further information.

(APPROX) (APPROX)
1 in = 25.400 mm 1 cm = 0.394 in
1 ft = 30.480 cm 1 m = 3.281 ft
1 yd = 0.914 m 1 m = 1.094 yd
1 mile = 1.609 km 1 km = 0.621 mile
1 ft2 = 0.093 m2 1 m2 = 10.764 ft2

1 yd2 = 0.836 m2 1 m2 = 1.196 yd2
1 acre = 0.405 ha 1 ha = 2.471 acres
1 mile2 = 2.590 km2 1 km2 = 0.386 mile2
(UK) 1 pt = 0.568 l (UK) 1 l = 1.760 pt

(US) 1 pt = 0.473 l (US) 1 l = 2.113 pt
(UK) 1 gal = 4.546 l (UK) 1 l = 0.220 gal
(US) 1 gal = 3.785 l (US) 1 l = 0.264 gal
1 oz = 28.350 g 1 gram = 0.035 oz

1 lb = 0.454 kg 1 kg = 2.205 lb
1 ton = 1.016 tonne 1 tonne = 0.984 ton
1 catty = 0.605 kg
1 hp = 0.746 kw 1 kw = 1.341 hp
(0F - 32) x 5/9 (0C x 9/5) + 32

5 OTHER INFORMATION
IDD CODES AND TIME DIFFERENCES
IDD TIME
AREA
LOCATION COUNTRY DIFFERENCE
CODE
CODE (Hours)*
Australia:
Melbourne 61 3 +3
Perth 61 8 0
Sydney 61 2 +3
Bahrain 973 - -5
Bangladesh (Dhaka) 880 2 -2
Bhutan (Thimphu) 975 2 -2
Brunei:
Bandar Seri Begawan 673 2 0
Kuala Belait 673 3 0
Cambodia (Phnom Penh) 855 23 -1
Canada:
Toronto (Metropolitan) 1 416 -13
Vancouver 1 604 -16
China:
Beijing 86 10 0
Guangzhou 86 20 0
Hong Kong 852 - 0
Macau 853 - 0
Shanghai 86 21 0
Shenzhen 86 755 0
France (Paris) 33 1 -7
India:
Bangalore 91 80 -2.5
Chennai 91 44 -2.5
New Delhi 91 11 -2.5
Mumbai 91 22 -2.5
Indonesia:
Bali 62 36 0
Jakarta 62 21 -1
Ireland:
Cork 353 21 -8
Dublin 353 1 -8
Japan:
Tokyo 81 3 +1
Osaka 81 6 +1
Kazakhstan (Almaty) 7 327 -2
Korea (Seoul) 82 2 +1
Korea (Pyongyang) 850 2 +1
Laos (Vientiane) 856 21 -1
Source : www.worldtimeserver.com ; www.worldtimezone.com

www.timeanddate.com

IDD TIME
AREA
LOCATION COUNTRY DIFFERENCE
CODE
CODE (Hours)*
Malaysia:
Johor Bahru 60 7 0
Kota Kinabalu 60 88 0
Kuala Lumpur 60 3 0
Kuching 60 82 0
Penang 60 4 0
Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar) 976 11 0
Myanmar (Rangoon) 95 1 -1.5
Nepal (Kathmandu) 977 1 -2.25
New Zealand:
Auckland 64 9 +5
Wellington 64 4 +5
Pakistan (Karachi) 92 21 -3
Philippines (Manila) 63 2 0
Qatar 974 - -5
Singapore 65 - 0
Spain:
Barcelona 34 93 -7
Girona 34 972 -7
South Africa:
Johannesburg 27 11 -6
Cape Town 27 21 -6
Sri Lanka (Colombo) 94 11 -2.5
Russia (Moscow) 7 495 -5
Taiwan (Taipei) 886 2 0
Thailand:
Bangkok 66 2 -1
Phuket 66 76 -1
United Arab Emirates:
Abu Dhabi 971 2 -4
Dubai 971 4 -4
United Kingdom:
London 44 20 -8
Edinburgh 44 131 -8
USA:
Los Angeles 1 213 -16
New York 1 212 -13
Vietnam:
Ho Chi Minh City 84 8 -1
Hanoi 84 4 -1
* As compared to Hong Kong. Allowance should be made for

seasonal time variations. Time differences above as at 1 January.

5 OTHER INFORMATION
PUBLIC HOLIDAYS
2016
HONG KONG
The first day of January 01 Jan
Lunar New Year's Day 08 Feb
The 2nd day of Lunar New Year 09 Feb
The 3rd day of Lunar New Year 10 Feb
Good Friday 25 Mar
The day following Good Friday 26 Mar
Easter Monday 28 Mar
Ching Ming Festival 04 Apr
The day following Labour Day 02 May*
Buddha's Birthday 14 May
Tuen Ng Festival 09 Jun
HKSAR Establishment Day 01 Jul
The day following the Chinese
Mid-Autumn Festival 16 Sep
National Day 01 Oct
The day following Chung Yeung Festival 10 Oct*
The 1st week-day after Christmas Day 26 Dec
The 2nd week-day after Christmas Day 27 Dec*

* As both the Labour Day and Chung Yeung Festival in 2016 fall
on a Sunday, the day following them is designated as a general
holiday in substitution; and as Christmas Day in 2016 falls on a
Sunday, the second weekday after Christmas Day is designated
as a general holiday in substitution.

2016
CHINA
New Year's Day 01 Jan
Chinese New Year’s Eve 07 Feb
Chinese New Year @ 08 Feb
09 Feb
10 Feb
Tomb-Sweeping Day 04 Apr
Labour Day Ω 01 May
Dragon-Boat Festival * 09 Jun
Mid-Autumn Festival ♣ 15 Sep
National Day ᵬ 01 Oct
02 Oct
03 Oct
@ 11 - 13 February 2016 are holidays, 6 and 14 Febuary 2016

are working days.
Ω 2 May 2016 is holiday.
* 10 - 11 June 2016 are holidays . 12 June 2016 is working day.
♣ 16 - 17 September 2016 are holidays . 18 September 2016 is
working day.
ᵬ
4 - 7 October 2016 are holidays, 8 - 9 October 2016 are
working days
(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
PUBLIC HOLIDAYS
2016
MACAU
New Year's Day 01 Jan#*
Lunar New Year's Day 08 Feb#*
The 2nd day of Lunar New Year 09 Feb#*
The 3rd day of Lunar New Year 10 Feb#*
Good Friday 25 Mar#
The day before Easter 26 Mar
The first working day after Easter 28 Mar#@
Ching Ming Festival 04 Apr#*
Labour Day 01 May*
The 1st working day after Labour Day 02 May#@
The Buddha's Birthday 14 May
The first working day after Buddha’s
Festival 16 May@
Tung Ng Festival (Dragon Boat Festival) 09 Jun#
Bank's Holiday 01 Jul#
The day following Mid-Autum Festival 16 Sep#*
National Day 01 Oct*
The day following National Day 02 Oct
The 1st working day after National Day 03 Oct#@
The 2nd working day after National Day 04 Oct@
Chung Yeung Festival 09 Oct*
The 1st working day after Chung Yeung
Festival 10 Oct#@
All Soul's Day 02 Nov#
Feast of the Immaculate Conception 08 Dec#
Macau SAR Establishment Day 20 Dec#*
Winter Solstice 21 Dec
Christmas Eve 24 Dec
Christmas Day 25 Dec
The 1st working day after Christmas Day 26 Dec#@
The 2nd working day after Christmas Day 27 Dec#@
# Bank's Holiday
*@ Obligatory Holiday
Special holiday granted by Chief Executive for staff in Public
Administration

2016
BRUNEI
Chinese New Year 08 Feb
National Day 23 Feb
Israk Miraj 06 May
Royal Brunei Armed Forces Anniversary 31 May
First Day of Ramadhan * 06 Jun
Anniversary of the Revelation of the
Holy Koran * 22 Jun
Hari Raya Aidilfitri * 07 Jul
HM The Sultan’s Birthday ** 15 Jul
Hari Raya Aidil Adha * & ** 11 Sep
Islamic New Year * & ** 02 Oct

Notes : Fridays and Sundays are government off days
* Subject to change
** Replacement for Fridays / Sundays

INDIA
Republic Day 26 Jan
Good Friday 25 Mar
Ugadi 08 Apr
Ramnavami 15 Apr
Independence Day 15 Aug
Ganesh Chaturthi 05 Sep
Dusshera 12 Oct
Karnataka Formation Day 01 Nov

(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
PUBLIC HOLIDAYS
2016
INDONESIA
Chinese New Year (Imlek) 08 Feb
Hindu Day of Quiet (Nyepi) 09 Mar
Good Friday 25 Mar
International Labour Day 01 May
Ascension Day of Jesus Christ 05 May
Ascension of Prophet Mohammad 06 May
Waicak Day 22 May
Idul Fitri * 06 Jul
07 Jul
National Independence Day 17 Aug
Idul Adha Day 12 Sep
Hijriyah New Year 02 Oct
Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday 12 Dec

* Subject to change

MALAYSIA
New Year's Day ^ 01 Jan
09 Feb
Labour Day 01 May
Wesak Day 21 May
King/Agong's Birthday 04 Jun
07 Jul
National Day 31 Aug
Hari Raya Qurban * 12 Sep
Malaysia Day 16 Sep
Awal Muharam (Maal Hijrah) 02 Oct#
Deepavali * 29 Oct
Prophet Muhammad's Birthday 12 Dec
Christmas Day 25 Dec#

* Subject to change
^ Except Johor, Kelantan, Kedah, Perlis and Terengganu
# The following Monday will be an additional public holiday

2016
PHILIPPINES
A. Regular Holidays
Maundy Thursday 24 Mar
Good Friday 25 Mar
Araw ng Kagitingan 09 Apr
Labour Day 01 May
Independence Day 12 Jun
End of Eid-ul-Fitre 08 Jul
National Heroes' Day 29 Aug
Eid-ul Adha 13 Sep
Bonifacio Day 30 Nov
Rizal Day 30 Dec
B. Special Holidays
(Non-Working Holidays)
Black Saturday (Additional) 26 Mar
Ninoy Aquino Day 21 Aug
All Saint's Day 01 Nov
All Souls Day (Additional) 02 Nov
Christmas Eve (Additional) 24 Dec
Last Day of the Year (Additional) 31 Dec

(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
PUBLIC HOLIDAYS
2016
SINGAPORE
09 Feb
Good Friday 25 Mar
Labour Day 01 May@
Vesak Day 21 May
Hari Raya Puasa 06 Jul
National Day 09 Aug
Hari Raya Haji 12 Sep
Deepavali 29 Oct
Christmas Day 25 Dec@

@
The following Monday will be a public holiday.

SOUTH KOREA
Lunar New Year (Seol) 07 Feb
Independent Movement Day 01 Mar
Children's Day 05 May
Buddha's Birthday 14 May
Memorial Day 06 Jun
Liberation Day 15 Aug
Full Moon Day (Chuseok) 14 Sep
National Foundation Day 03 Oct
Hangul Proclamation Day 09 Oct

2016
TAIWAN
Founding Day 01 Jan
Lunar New Year's Eve 07 Feb
Lunar New Year's Day 08 Feb
The 2nd day of Lunar New Year 09 Feb
The 3rd day of Lunar New Year 10 Feb
The 4th day of Lunar New Year 11 Feb*
The 5th day of Lunar New Year 12 Feb#
Peace Memorial Day 29 Feb
Children's Day 04 Apr*
Ching Ming Festival 05 Apr
Dragon Boat Festival 09 Jun
Extra vacation day after
Dragon Boat Festival 10 Jun#
Mid-Autumn Festival 15 Sep
Extra vacation day after
Mid-Autumn Festival 16 Sep#
Double Ten Day 10 Oct
* When the memorial day or holiday falls on a Saturday or Sunday,

a deferred day off will be granted. If a memorial day or a holiday
falls on a Saturday, the deferred day of is on the the preceding
workday; if a memorial day or a holiday falls on a Sunday, the
deferred day off is on the following workday. However, the
deferred days off for Chinese New Year's Eve and Chinese New
are always on the following workdays.
# The extra vacation days will have to be made up on the Saturday
before the long weekends occur.
(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
PUBLIC HOLIDAYS
2016
THAILAND
Chinese New Year * 08 Feb
Makha Bucha Day 22 Feb
Chakri Memorial Day 06 Apr
Songkran Festival 13 Apr
14 Apr
15 Apr
National Labour Day 02 May1
Coronation Day 05 May
Royal Ploughing Ceremony Day + 25 Apr
Visakha Bucha Day 20 May
Mid Year Bank Holiday @ 01 Jul
Asarnha Bucha Day 19 Jul
Khao Phansa Day (Buddhist Lent Day) + 20 Jul
H.M. The Queen's Birthday 12 Aug
Chulalongkorn Day 24 Oct2
H.M. The King's Birthday 05 Dec
Constitution Day 12 Dec3
New Year's Eve 02 Jan ‘174
* Unofficial Chinese Community only

@
Banks only
+ Government only
1 Substitute for 1 May 2016 (Sunday)
2 Substitute for 23 October 2016 (Sunday)
3 Substitute for 10 December 2016 (Saturday)
4 Substitute for 31 December 2016 (Saturday)

2016
VIETNAM
Normal Scheduled Holidays
Solar New Year 01 Jan
Lunar New Year 08 Feb
09 Feb
10 Feb
11 Feb
12 Feb
Hung Vuong King Celebration 16 Apr
18 Apr#
Liberation Day of Saigon 30 Apr
International Labour Day 01 May
02 May@
03 May@
National Day 02 Sep
# Substitute for 16 April 2016 (Saturday)

@
Substitute for 30 April and 01 May 2016 (Saturday and Sunday)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
ARCADIS ASIA LEADERSHIP TEAM
Kenneth Poon
Chief Executive Officer, Asia
kenneth.poon@arcadis.com
Matt Bennion
Chief Operating Officer, Asia
matt.bennion@arcadis.com
Graham Kean
Director
graham.kean@arcadis.com
Eric de Kruif
Chief Financial Officer, Asia
eric.dekruif@arcadis.com

Loo Ming Chee
Regional Head, Southeast Asia
mcloo@arcadis.com
Alan Hearn
Regional Head, East Asia & India
alan.hearn@arcadis.com
Lai Pak Hung

Head of Greater China
pakhung.lai@arcadis.com

5 OTHER INFORMATION
ARCADIS ASIA SECTORS
AUTOMOTIVE
We partner with leading automotive industry clients across

Asia to deliver guaranteed and sustainable outcomes.
Across many parts of Asia today, fast GDP growth,

rapid urbanization, globalization and sustainability are
just some of the key issues facing global automotive
businesses, whilst also delivering their brand expansion
quickly, consistently, efficiently and in an environmentally
sustainable way.
AVIATION
Airports are critical to a nation’s long-term economic

growth, but striking a balance between economic benefits
and environmental and social impacts is essential.
Our experience of working in complex airport environments

around the world gives us knowledge and insight into the
unique challenges faced by the aviation industry.
We maximize the potential of the airport by creating
outcomes-focused strategies, ensuring the business is
aligned with continuously changing regulatory.
CHEMICALS & PHARMACEUTICALS
Manufacturing is ‘on the move’ to Asia, driven by demand.

China, for example, ranked fairly low in top pharmaceutical
markets one decade ago but can now be found among
the Top 5, close to traditionally strong markets such as
Germany and France. Approximately two thirds of total
global demand growth for Chemicals is expected to be
generated in Asia.

COMMERCIAL DEVELOPERS
Commercial Developers contribute a significant share of

our market in Asia, where in many countries the economy
is driven by investment in property. China, for example,
has been fueled by demand for properties as a result of
rapid urbanization. Residential, office, retail, mixed use,
hospitality and entertainment, etc. account for most of
this sector. All of these building types are confronted with
ever increasing challenges in terms of efficiency of land
use, planning compliance, product positioning, cost, time
to launch and market competitiveness .
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
We have a strong track record of helping clients in the

Financial sector across Asia address different challenges
in the market. With a combination of international
expertise and local knowledge, we have the ability to
identify the right solutions and maximise returns on our
client’s investments. With our wide coverage and strong
establishment in the region, we bring the best business
outcomes to our clients.
OIL AND GAS
Rising production costs and unpredictable prices put Oil

& Gas clients under more pressure than ever. Add to
this the growing complexities of shifting environmental
legislation and you have a heavily complex and rapidly
evolving industry.
We partner with global Oil & Gas clients to navigate

even the most challenging issues across rapidly shifting
markets. Our people bring together expertise and
understanding from a broad base of technical capabilities
to ensure our clients are operating as efficiently and
sustainably as possible. (Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
ARCADIS ASIA SECTORS
RAIL
Rapidly increasing urbanization, tight budgets and

environmental sensitivity require innovative approaches
to deliver advanced infrastructure. With our expertise
in rail, and our transformational thinking, clients rely on
us to improve performance and connect communities
across the globe. In Asia, we have been involved in
providing engineering design, cost management, contract
administration, risk management, business advisory and
mobility oriented design across numerous metro rail and
high speed rail projects in Hong Kong, Singapore and
Malaysia.
RETAIL & CONGLOMERATES
Our retail delivery experts enable retailers to respond

to these modern challenges and gain a competitive
advantage. With unrivaled experience across all facets
of the retail world, from luxury to fast fashion, beauty and
cosmetics to supermarkets, through major department
stores to fast food chains, we will help you successfully
navigate these complex challenges across the world
through our comprehensive set of specialist services.

ARCADIS ASIA SERVICES
BUSINESS ADVISORY
From rapid urbanization and pressure on natural

resources, to tighter regulation and market consolidation,
we live in an increasingly complex world. With Arcadis you
have a partner that understands your business challenges
and has first-hand experience of the assets you own and
operate. We bring unique insights which support you in
getting better results with more certainty.
COST MANAGEMENT
Be it a high-rise office building, a state-of-the-art rail

station or a large scale industrial development, the need
to achieve value for money is central to every investment
strategy.
Our people understand the need to accurately advise

on costs and procurement at planning stage, ensuring
a development or program is both economically and
environmentally viable for many years to come.
CONTRACT SOLUTIONS
Disputes in the construction and engineering sectors

can be extremely difficult to identify, assess and resolve.
Delays, disruption and potentially huge financial costs
not only drain your resources but can also potentially
place projects or businesses in jeopardy. Our years of
experience in avoiding, mitigating or resolving disputes
have helped our clients overcome even the most complex
of challenges.
(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
ARCADIS ASIA SERVICES
ENVIRONMENT
We all deserve a clean, safe environment in which to

live. Now more than ever, businesses and governments
recognize the need to incorporate environmental concerns
into their decision making. Arcadis is a global leader in
inventive technical and financial approaches, helping
some of the world’s leading corporates and governments
understand their impact on the natural world.
PROJECT & PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT
Organizing the creation of the world’s largest, most

complex and iconic programs of work in the built and
natural environment today is no easy task. Budgets,
supply chains, health and safety, timeframes and the large
number of parties involved can be daunting.
At Arcadis, we work alongside our clients to create the

right strategy, manage and mitigate risk, and assure the
outcomes to meet our clients’ business objectives and
create exceptional value.
WATER
From source to tap and then back to nature, the planet’s

most precious resource should be cherished.
Thanks to our centuries of experience in the water sector,

Arcadis’ specialist teams around the globe are uniquely
positioned to provide safe and secure water technology
that is built to withstand the demands of a rapidly changing
world.

DIRECTORY OF OFFICES
CHINA
HONG KONG
ARCADIS ASIA LIMITED
LANGDON & SEAH HONG KONG LIMITED
LANGDON & SEAH CHINA LIMITED
LANGDON & SEAH MANAGEMENT LIMITED
100 How Ming Street
Kwun Tong, Kowloon
Hong Kong
GPS : 22.3125, 114.2223
Tel : (852) 2830 3500
Fax : (852) 2576 0416
Email : info-hk@arcadis.com
Contact : Au Kai Ming, Francis
BEIJING
LANGDON & SEAH (BEIJING) CONSTRUCTION
CONSULTANTS CO. LTD.
Suite 1225 - 1242, South Wing
Central Tower, Junefield Plaza
10 Xuan Wu Men Wai Street
Beijing 100052
China
GPS : 39.896738, 116.375676
Tel : (86 10) 6310 1136
Fax : (86 10) 6310 1143
Email : info-cn@arcadis.com
Contact : Chan Chi Keung, Andrew
CHANGSHA
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHANGHAI)
CO. LTD. CHANGSHA BRANCH
Room 11051, Zhong Tian Plaza
766 Wu Yi Avenue
Furong District
Changsha
Hunan Province 410005
China
GPS : 28.195151, 112.983057
Tel : (86 731) 8971 1860
Fax : (86 731) 8971 6736
Contact : Chen Yong
(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
CHENGDU
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (CHENGDU)
CO. LTD.
Room 807, Block A
Times Plaza
2 Zongfu Road
Chengdu
Sichuan Province 610016
China
GPS : 30.656666, 104.080567
Tel : (86 28) 8671 8373
Fax : (86 28) 8671 8535
Contact : Lum Ka Wai, Andy
CHONGQING
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (CHENGDU)
CO. LTD. CHONGQING BRANCH
Room 3408, International Trade Centre
38 Qing Nian Road
Central District
Chongqing 400010
China
GPS : 29.556331, 106.574332
Tel : (86 23) 8655 1333
Fax : (86 23) 8655 1616
Contact : Lin Wai Yip, Gary
DALIAN
CONSULTANTS CO. LTD. DALIAN BRANCH
Unit 07, 32F, Xiwang Tower
136 Zhongshan Road
Zhongshan District
Dalian
Liaoning Province 116001
China
GPS : 38.914864, 121.631245
Tel : (86 411) 8800 8018
Fax : (86 411) 8800 8823
Contact : Ng Hin Kan, Kenn

FOSHAN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHENZHEN)
CO. LTD. FOSHAN BRANCH
3/F, Foshan Ling Nan Tian Di
Zu Miao Road Shop Nos. Z01 - Z11
Zu Miao Road
Foshan
Guangdong Province 528000
China
GPS : 23.031224, 113.11278
Tel : (86 757) 8203 0028
Fax : (86 757) 8203 0029
Contact : Lee Kwok Wing, Dickey
GUANGZHOU
CO. LTD. GUANGZHOU BRANCH
3A10 - 18 Unit, 3/F
Bank of America Plaza
555 Ren Min Zhong Road
Guangzhou
China
GPS : 23.123148, 113.253628
Tel : (86 20) 8130 3813
Fax : (86 20) 8130 3812
Contact : Wong Wing Cheung, Jack
HAIKOU
CO. LTD. HAIKOU BRANCH
Unit B, 27/F, Times Square
2 Guomao Road
Haikou
Hainan Province 570100
China
GPS : 20.029509, 110.326235
Tel : (86 898) 6652 7818
Fax : (86 898) 6652 7809
Contact : Yi Zheng Gang
(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
HANGZHOU
CO. LTD. HANGZHOU BRANCH
Room 2305, WinNing International
100 Min Xin Road
Hangzhou
Zhejiang Province 310016
China
GPS : 30.251755, 120.218913
Tel : (86 571) 2829 7766
Fax : (86 571) 2829 7622
Contact : Lu Mei Hua / Zhou Yuan
HENGQIN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY ZHUHAI
HENGQIN CO. LTD.
7/F, 156 Nan Shan Ju Road
Hengqin, Zhuhai
China
GPS : 22.142774, 113.544438
Tel : (86 756) 868 8986
Fax : (86 756) 868 8969
Contact : Wan Chi Shing, Stanley
MACAU
LANGDON & SEAH MACAU LIMITED
Avenida da Praia Grande, No. 594
Edificio BCM, 12th Floor
Macau
GPS : 22.192210, 113.541252
Tel : (853) 2833 1710
Fax : (853) 2833 1532
Email : info-mo@arcadis.com
Contact : Chan Yuk Sim, Katherine

NANJING
CO. LTD. NANJING BRANCH
1104 South Tower Jinmao Plaza
201 Zhong Yang Road
Nanjing
Jiangsu Province 210009
China
GPS : 32.071984, 118.783443
Tel : (86 25) 5791 1860
Fax : (86 25) 6698 1860
Contact : Chen Taofen
QINGDAO
CO. LTD. QINGDAO BRANCH
Room 09, 16/F, HNA Center
234 Yan An San Road
Shinan District
Qingdao
Shangdong Province 266071
China
GPS : 36.060852, 120.375351
Tel : (86 532) 8280 1818
Fax : (86 532) 8280 1881
Contact : Feng Shi En, Andy
SHANGHAI
CO. LTD.
11th Floor, Building C, The Place
No. 150, Zunyi Road
Changning District
Shanghai 200051
China
GPS : 31.207363, 121.407984
Tel : (86 21) 6026 1300
Fax : (86 21) 6026 1800
Contact : Chan Hoi Or, Joe
(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
SHENYANG
CONSULTANTS CO. LTD. SHENYANG BRANCH
Room 1801, 1806 - 1809, 18/F
E Tower of Fortune Plaza
59 Beizhan Road
Shenhe District
Shenyang
Liaoning Province 110013
China
GPS : 41.814314, 123.435484
Tel : (86 24) 3195 8880
Fax : (86 24) 3128 6983
Contact : Chow Hau Ming, Simon
SHENZHEN
CO. LTD.
Room 1001, AVIC Centre
1018 Huafu Road
Shenzhen
China
GPS : 22.543241, 114.082051
Tel : (86 755) 2598 1841
Fax : (86 755) 2598 1854
Contact : Lo Kwok Chu, Kenneth
SUZHOU
CO. LTD. SUZHOU BRANCH
Room 906, Century Financial Tower
1 Suzhou Avenue West
Suzhou
Jiangsu Province 215021
China
GPS : 31.315872, 120.674879
Tel : (86 512) 8777 5599
Fax : (86 512) 8777 5600
Contact : Zhang Rui

TIANJIN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY CO. LTD.
TIANJIN BRANCH
4002, 40/F
Tianjin World Financial Centre Office Tower
2 Dagubei Road
He Ping District
Tianjin 300020
China
GPS : 39.129619, 117.202758
Tel : (86 22) 2329 8611
Fax : (86 22) 2319 3186
Contact : Wong Chin Ying
WUHAN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHANGHAI) CO.
LTD. WUHAN BRANCH
Room 1008, 10/F
Corporate Centre 5
Wuhan Tiandi
1628 Zhongshan Road
Wuhan
Hubei Province 430010
China
GPS : 30.608202, 114.310273
Tel : (86 27) 5920 9299
Fax : (86 27) 5920 9298
Contact : Guang Rong
XI’AN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHENZHEN) CO.
LTD. XI’AN BRANCH
Unit 06-07, 16/F, CapitaMall Office Building
64 South Second Ring Western
Xi’an
Shaanxi Province 710065
China
GPS : 34.230397, 108.934893
Tel : (86 29) 8866 9711
Fax : (86 29) 8866 9760
Contact : Wang Zhu Zhu
(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
BRUNEI
BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN
LANGDON & SEAH
JURUUKUR BAHAN dan PENGURUSAN
UTAMACON
Unit 25, BT Complex, Kg. Jaya Setia
Mukim Berakas 'A' BB2713
P.O. Box 313
Bandar Seri Begawan BS8670
Negara Brunei Darussalam
GPS : 4.9394, 114.9377
Tel : (673) 233 2833
Fax : (673) 233 2933
Email : info-bn@arcadis.com
Contact : Shafie Yusof
KUALA BELAIT
JBPU (B) SDN BHD
Unit 1, 1st Floor
Tang Ching Ying (TCY) Building
Lot 118, Jalan Sungai
Kuala Belait, KA 2331
Tel : (673) 334 7641
Email : info.jbpusb@jbpu.com.bn
Contact : Shafie Yusof / Shahril Othman
PETROKON UTAMA SDN BHD

Lot 7219, Jalan Jaya Negara
Kg. Pandan, P.O. Box 811
Kuala Belait KA1189
GPS : 4.5843, 114.2087
Tel : (673) 334 7878
Fax : (673) 334 7788
Email : pusbkb@pusbbrunei.com.bn
Contact : Shafie Yusof

INDIA
BANGALORE
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTING INDIA PVT. LTD.
2nd Floor, Esquire Center
No. 9, M G Road
Bangalore 560008
India
GPS : 12.974, 77.617
Tel : (91 80) 4123 9141
Fax : (91 80) 4123 8922
Email : info-in@arcadis.com
Contact : Velan Murali / Biju AK
CHENNAI
New No. 20
West Cott Road
Royapettah
Chennai 600004
India
GPS : 13.055, 80.265
Tel : (91 44) 2855 3137
Fax : (91 44) 2855 0141
Contact : Velan Murali / Sankar Ramakrishnan
DELHI
The Elements
2nd Floor, Unit No. 465
Udyog Vihar, Phase-V
Gurgaon, Haryana 122016
India
GPS : 28.5012, 77.085
Tel : (91 124) 430 8790
Fax : (91 124) 430 8793
Contact : Velan Murali / Arun Basu
(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
HYDERABAD
2nd Floor, Trade Fair Office
Hitex Exhibition Center
Izzat Nagar
Hyderabad 500084
India
GPS : 17.475, 78.375
Tel : (91 40) 2311 4942
Fax : (91 40) 2311 2942
Contact : Velan Murali / Bhoomeshwar Rao
KOLKATA
Stesalit Towers, 6th Floor
E2-3, EP & Gp Block
Sector V, Salt Lake
Kolkata 700091
India
GPS : 22.569814, 88.433725
Tel : (91 124) 430 8790
Fax : (91 124) 430 8793
Contact : Velan Murali / Arun Basu
MUMBAI
Unit No. 103, First Floor
Akruti SMC, Khopat Junction
Near Khopat Bus Depot
Thane (West) 400601
Maharashtra
India
GPS : 19.1988, 72.9756
Tel : (91 22) 4125 6060
Fax : (91 22) 4125 6050
Contact : Velan Murali / Darshan Joshi

PUNE
City Survey No. 804 / B
Bhandarkar Institute Road
Lane No-14
Pune 411004 (Near Skoda Show Room)
Maharashtra
India
GPS : 18.5204, 73.8567
Tel : (91 20) 2565 0417 / 2565 0419
Fax : (91 22) 3933 5556
Contact : Velan Murali / Darshan Joshi
INDONESIA
BALI
P.T. LANGDON & SEAH INDONESIA
Level 2, Alamandra Office
Jalan By Pass Ngurah Rai No. 67
Banjar Pengenderan, Kedonganan
Bali 80361
Indonesia
GPS : 8.7893, 115.2106
Tel : (62 361) 472 5353
Fax : (62 361) 472 5354
Email : info.idbali@arcadis.com
Contact : Ir. Putu Arya Canti
JAKARTA
P.T. LANGDON & SEAH INDONESIA
Level 18, Ratu Plaza Office Tower
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 9
Jakarta 10270
Indonesia
GPS : 6.2271, 106.8008
Tel : (62 21) 739 7550
Fax : (62 21) 739 7846
Email : info.idqs@arcadis.com
Contact : Peter Robinson
(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
MALAYSIA
SELANGOR
LANGDON & SEAH SDN BHD
JURU UKUR BAHAN MALAYSIA
JUBM SDN BHD
ARCADIS PROJEKS SDN BHD
Level 5, Menara TSR
12 Jalan PJU 7/3, Mutiara Damansara
47810 Petaling Jaya
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
GPS : 3.1616, 101.6129
Tel : (60 3) 2106 8000
Fax : (60 3) 2106 9090
Email : info-my@arcadis.com
Contact : Loo Ming Chee / Mohd Ali Abd Karim /
Justin Teoh / Syed Mahadzir Syed Ahmad /
Mohamad Faiz Awang / Nur Aziz Abu Bakar
JOHOR
JUBM SDN BHD
47, Jalan Setia Tropika 1/30
Taman Setia Tropika
81200 Johor Bahru
Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia
GPS : 1.5422, 103.7111
Tel : (60 7) 232 8300
Fax : (60 7) 232 8232
Contact : Syed Mahadzir Syed Ahmad
PENANG
JUBM SDN BHD
Suite 3A-3, Level 3A, Wisma Great Eastern
No. 25, Lebuh Light
10200 Penang, Malaysia
GPS : 5.4201, 100.3408
Tel : (60 4) 264 2071 / 264 2072 / 264 2073
Fax : (60 4) 264 2068
Contact : Nur Aziz Abu Bakar

SABAH
JUBM SDN BHD
Suite 8A, 8th Floor, Wisma Pendidikan
Jalan Padang
P.O. Box 11598, 88817 Kota Kinabalu
Sabah, Malaysia
GPS : 5.9783, 116.0761
Tel : (60 88) 223 369
Fax : (60 88) 216 537
Contact : Ang Kun Eng
SARAWAK
JUBM SDN BHD
No. 2 (3rd Floor), Jalan Song Thian Cheok
93100 Kuching
Sarawak
Malaysia
GPS : 1.5532, 110.3532
Tel : (60 82) 232 212
Fax : (60 82) 232 198
Contact : Nor Azman Bin Baharum
PHILIPPINES
MANILA
LANGDON & SEAH PHILIPPINES INC
4th & 7th Floor, Kings Court 1
2129 Chino Roces Avenue
Makati City 1231
Philippines
GPS : 14.5576, 121.0135
Tel : (63 2) 811 2971
Fax : (63 2) 811 2071
Email : info-ph@arcadis.com
Contact : Darneil Perez
(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
CEBU
LANGDON & SEAH PHILIPPINES INC
12F, 2Quad Building
Cardinal Rosales Avenue
Cebu Business Park
Cebu City 6000
Philippines
GPS : 10.3142574, 123.9053502
Tel : (63 32) 232 2200
Fax : (63 32) 260 3699
Email : info-ph@arcadis.com
Contact : Darneil Perez
SINGAPORE
LANGDON & SEAH SINGAPORE PTE LTD
L&S CONTRACT ADVISORY & DISPUTE
MANAGEMENT SERVICES PTE LTD
1 Magazine Road
#05-01 Central Mall
Singapore 059567
GPS : 1.288526, 103.842085
Tel : (65) 6222 3888
Fax : (65) 6224 7089
Email : info-sg@arcadis.com
Contact : Eugene Seah / Ho Kong Mo
ARCADIS PROJECT MANAGEMENT PTE LTD

1 Magazine Road
#03-12 Central Mall
Singapore 059567
GPS : 1.288526, 103.842085
Tel : (65) 6239 8600
Fax : (65) 6538 4508
Email : pmps@arcadis.sg
Contact : Seah Choo Meng / Teoh Wooi Sin /
Bernard Ho

SOUTH KOREA
SEOUL
LANGDON & SEAH KOREA CO. LTD.
#429, 27
Seochojungang-ro 24-gil
Seocho-gu
Seoul 137-882
Korea
GPS : 37.4953, 127.0164
Tel : (82 2) 543 3888
Fax : (82 2) 543 3898
Email : info-kr@arcadis.com
Contact : Aaron Page
THAILAND
BANGKOK
LANGDON & SEAH (THAILAND) LTD.
LECE (THAILAND) CO. LTD.
10th Floor, Kian Gwan II Building
140/1 Wireless Road
Lumpini, Pratumwan
Bangkok 10330, Thailand
GPS : 13.734969, 100.545448
Tel : (66 2) 253 1438 - 9
Fax : (66 2) 253 4977
Email : info-th@arcadis.com
Contact : Ang Yen Kooi / Wong Soon Bin
VIETNAM
HANOI
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO. LTD.
Level 2, Hoa Binh Tower Building
106 Hoang Quoc Viet Street
Cau Giay District
Hanoi
Vietnam
GPS : 21.046280, 105.793827
Tel : (844) 3942 7525
Fax : (844) 3942 7526
Email : info-vn@arcadis.com
Contact : Mark Olive
(Cont'd)

5 OTHER INFORMATION
HO CHI MINH CITY

LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO. LTD.
L12-03, Level 12, Vincom Building
72 Le Thanh Ton Street, District 1
Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam
GPS : 10.777828, 106.702548
Tel : (848) 3823 8297
Fax : (848) 3823 8197
Email : info-vn@arcadis.com
Contact : Mark Olive
ARCADIS ASIA HEADQUARTERS

HONG KONG
ARCADIS ASIA LIMITED
100 How Ming Street
Kwun Tong, Kowloon
Hong Kong
GPS : 22.3125, 114.2223
Tel : (852) 2830 3500
Fax : (852) 2576 0416
Email : asiainfo@arcadis.com
Contact : Poon Kan Young, Kenneth, CEO, Asia
ARCADIS HEADQUARTERS
AMSTERDAM
ARCADIS NV
"Symphony"
Gustav Mahlerplein 97-103
1082 MS Amsterdam
P.O. Box 7895
1008 AB Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel : (31 20) 201 1011
Fax : (31 20) 201 1002
Email : info@arcadis.com
Website : www.arcadis.com
Contact : Neil McArthur, CEO

TELEPHONE DIRECTORY
HONG KONG GOVERNMENT
Architectural Services Department

Headquarters Administration Division 2867 3628
Architectural Branch
Advisory & Statutory Compliance
Division 2867 3759
Architectural Drawing Records Unit 2867 3691
Division 1 2867 3935
Site Staff (New Works) 2286 3524
Technical Officer (Architectural)
Grade Management Unit 2867 3691
Building Services Branch
Property Services Branch 2773 2217
Quantity Surveying Branch 2867 3298/2867 4597
Structural Engineering Branch 2867 3610
Buildings Department 2626 1616
Census and Statistics Department 2582 4807
Civil Engineering and Development
Department 2762 5111
Customs and Excise Department 2815 7711
Drainage Services Department 2877 0660
Electrical and Mechanical Services
Department 1823
Environmental Protection Department 3509 7636
Fire Services Department 2723 8787
Government Laboratory 2762 3700
Government Property Agency 2594 7768
Highways Department 2926 4111
Housing Department 2712 2712
Labour Department 2717 1771
Lands Department 2231 3294
Planning Department 2231 5000
Rating and Valuation Department 2152 0111
Water Supplies Department 2824 5000
Refer to http://tel.directory.gov.hk for further information.

2015 Construction Cost Handbook China & Hong Kong PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2015 Construction Cost Handbook China & Hong Kong PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electronic Cost Handbook

We have a number of options for accessing an electronic

3. Or download our App to your Smart Phone or iPad by

Handbook Cover Photos:-

Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited,

© Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited 2016

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

The information contained herein should be regarded

If advice concerning individual projects is required, we

Unless otherwise stated, costs reflected in this handbook

Langdon & Seah Hong Kong Limited would like to

ISO 14001 : 2004 OHSAS 18001 : 2007 ISO 9001 : 2008

1. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

2. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA

APRIL MAY JUNE

JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

APRIL MAY JUNE

JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER

APRIL MAY JUNE

JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

APRIL MAY JUNE

JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

Cost management is a fundamental part of our Design &

Within Asia we have the best and most experienced cost

Our cost management heritage is particularly strong

Throughout our history, we have a proud tradition of

5 LANGDON & SEAH, AN ARCADIS COMPANY

We perform business in an honest and responsible

We are enterpreneurial and agile, passionate about

We believe in diversity, the power of global teamwork

We own the responsibility to sustain our world and

LANGDON & SEAH, AN ARCADIS COMPANY 6

HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

To help all offices in HK, China and Macau work on health

Following the success of our Health & Safety accreditation

Langdon & Seah strives to achieve zero incidents in

7 LANGDON & SEAH, AN ARCADIS COMPANY

We launched our Quality

LANGDON & SEAH, AN ARCADIS COMPANY 8

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

In September 2013, we introduced our Document

For Langdon & Seah, environmental protection and

9 LANGDON & SEAH, AN ARCADIS COMPANY

M&E Costs for Hong Kong

ACMV Costs for Various Designs and

Fit-out Costs for Hong Kong

Unit Costs for Ancillary Facilities

Construction Costs for Selected Asian

M&E Costs for Selected Asian Cities

Major Rates for Selected Asian Cities

Construction Cost Specification

CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2015 levels.

CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

ACMV COSTS FOR VARIOUS DESIGNS

15 CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

FIT-OUT COSTS FOR HONG KONG

BUILDING TYPE HK$/m 2