https://theconstructor.

org/geotechnical/retaining-wall-types-use/24566/

https://www.homestratosphere.com/retaining-wall-materials/

https://www.aboutcivil.org/retaining-wall-definition-types-uses-retaining-walls.html

https://fpmccann.co.uk/product/andacrib-concrete-crib-retaining-walls/

Wall Footing
It is a type of shallow foundation. Shallow foundations are those foundations whose depth is smaller the width of the foundation. The wall
footings support the structural and non-structural walls. The structural walls are those which carry the load of the other floors and the
nonstructural wall does not carry any load. It works as a partition wall. Wall footings are also known as strip footing and it is continuous over
the entire wall.

The fundamental reason behind providing the foundation is to spread loading over a bigger area. This helps the soil to withstand against the
stress. The acting pressure should be less than the safe bearing pressure.

The construction of wall footing is done as either masonry wall footing or as RCC wall footing. The wall is secure and has a foundation, when
a wall footing is provided. It can withstand load without sinking and failing. The RCC wall footing is provided either in the construction of
heavy wall or if the bearing capacity of the soil is low. The thickness of the strip can be reduced towards the edge to affect economy.

The wall footing will be reinforced in one-way, with main reinforcing steel provided along the transverse direction. This is due to the fact that
these footing extend along the lengthwise direction of the load bearing wall supported by them.