BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 4: RESEARCH

BILL OF MATERIALS

DESCRIPTION:

General Requirements

 Lay-out & Staking (Survey works to include line & grade)

Layout refers to the initial planning and design of the building's footprint and
placement on the site. This involves considering factors such as the size and shape
of the building, the site's topography, the surrounding landscape, and any zoning or
building code requirements. The layout also takes into account how the building will
be accessed, where parking and other facilities will be located, and how the building
will relate to the surrounding environment.

Staking, on the other hand, describes the procedure of physically indicating

the building's location and orientation on the site. This entails employing surveying
tools to make sure the building is positioned and aligned in accordance with the
layout design. To guarantee that the building is constructed in the proper position and
orientation, as well as to avoid encroachments or violations of zoning or building
code rules, staking is often done before construction begins.

 Clear Out

Clearing out a site is typically one of the first steps in the construction process
and is necessary to ensure that the new building or structure can be built safely and
in compliance with local building codes and regulations. This process may also
involve hazardous materials removal, such as asbestos or lead paint, and proper
disposal of these materials in accordance with environmental regulations.

Clearing out a site can be a complex and time-consuming process,

particularly if there are existing structures or obstacles that need to be removed.
However, it is an important step in the construction process that helps to ensure the
safety and success of the project.

Structural Works

 Backfilling/ Compaction / Trimming

Backfilling refers to the process of refilling an excavated area with soil or

other material after construction work has been completed. This is necessary to
ensure that the site is level and stable, and to provide a solid foundation for the
building or structure that will be constructed on top of it.

Compaction is the process of using heavy machinery or other tools to

compress and stabilize the soil or other backfill material. Compaction is important to
ensure that the soil can support the weight of the building or structure and to prevent
settling or shifting of the ground over time.
 Trimming refers to the process of cutting or shaping the surface of the back
filled and compacted soil or material to the desired level and slope. This is important
to ensure that the site is level and properly graded to prevent drainage issues and
other problems.

 Soil Poisoning & Final Treatment

Soil poisoning is the process of treating the soil with chemical agents to
prevent termite infestation and other pests that can damage the building or structure.
This is typically done by applying a chemical solution to the soil before construction
begins. The solution is absorbed by the soil and creates a barrier that repels termites
and other pests. Soil poisoning is important in areas where termites are prevalent, as
they can cause extensive damage to the structure over time.

Final treatment refers to the process of finishing and protecting the surface of
the ground after construction work has been completed. This may involve applying a
layer of topsoil, planting grass or other vegetation, and installing drainage systems or
other infrastructure. The final treatment is important to ensure that the site is stable,
aesthetically pleasing, and functional.

 Welded wire mesh

Welded wire mesh is a type of reinforcement material commonly used in

construction and architecture. It is made up of a series of wire strands that are
welded together at each intersection to form a grid-like pattern. The wire strands can
be made from a variety of materials, including steel, stainless steel, and galvanized
steel.

Welded wire mesh is a versatile and durable reinforcement material that is

widely used in construction and architecture due to its strength, stability, and
resistance to damage.

 Gravel Bedding

Gravel bedding is a construction technique used in building foundations to

provide a stable and level base for the foundation to rest on. It involves creating a
layer of gravel or crushed stone underneath the foundation, which serves several
important functions.

Gravel bedding is an important component of building foundation

construction, helping to ensure that the foundation is stable, level, and able to
support the weight of the building over time.

 Steel Deck

Steel deck is a type of roofing or flooring system used in construction and

architecture. It is made up of a series of steel sheets that are corrugated or ribbed to
provide added strength and stiffness. The sheets are typically manufactured in a
variety of thicknesses and lengths, making them suitable for a wide range of
construction applications.
 Steel deck is also commonly used as a form work material for concrete slabs.
The steel sheets are laid out on the support beams and then used to support the wet
concrete as it is poured and cured. Once the concrete has hardened, the steel deck
provides added strength and stiffness to the slab, helping to prevent cracking and
other types of damage.

 Plaswall Panels

Plaswall panels are a type of building material that is designed to provide a

quick and efficient solution for constructing walls in buildings. Plaswall panels are
made from a mix of cement, sand, and polystyrene beads, which are molded into
panels of various sizes and shapes.

The panels are lightweight and easy to handle, making them easy to transport
to the construction site and install. They are also designed to interlock, which means
that they can be quickly and easily assembled to form walls and other structures.
One of the benefits of Plaswall panels is their energy efficiency. The polystyrene
beads in the panels provide insulation, helping to reduce the amount of heat that is
lost through the walls of the building. This can result in lower heating and cooling
costs and improved energy efficiency overall.

 Turn Buckle

A turnbuckle, also known as a stretching screw or bottle screw, is a

mechanical device used to adjust the tension or length of cables, wires, or ropes. It
typically consists of two threaded eye bolts, with a hollow metal frame in between
them. Inside the frame, there is a threaded rod with a center pivot point, which can be
rotated to increase or decrease the tension on the cables or wires.

 Strip Footing

A strip footing, also known as a continuous footing, is a type of shallow

foundation used in construction to support a load-bearing wall or column. It consists
of a continuous strip of concrete that is typically wider than the wall or column it
supports, providing a stable base for the structure.

Strip footings are usually constructed in trenches dug into the ground, which
are then filled with concrete. The width and depth of the trench depend on the size
and weight of the structure that the footing will support, as well as the soil conditions
and other factors.

Architectural Finish

 Metal Furring

Metal furring is a technique used in construction to create a framework for

attaching finishing materials such as drywall, plaster, or tile to walls, ceilings, or
floors. It involves installing metal strips, known as furring channels, perpendicular to
the wall or ceiling studs or floor joists.
 Metal furring is often used in buildings that have uneven walls or ceilings, as it
allows for the creation of a level surface for finishing materials. It is also commonly
used in areas with high moisture or humidity, such as bathrooms and kitchens, as
metal furring is resistant to water damage.

 Roof Eaves

Roof eaves are the overhanging edges of a roof that extend beyond the walls
of a building. They are typically the lowest part of a sloping roof and serve several
important functions.

One of the primary functions of roof eaves is to provide protection against

water damage. They prevent rainwater from running down the walls of the building
and direct it into the gutters or downspouts, helping to prevent water from seeping
into the building's foundation or causing other forms of damage.
Roof eaves also provide shade and help to regulate the temperature of a building. By
shading the walls of a building from direct sunlight, they can help to keep the interior
cooler during hot weather.

 PVC Celing Panels

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) ceiling panels are a type of lightweight, low-cost

ceiling material that is commonly used in residential and commercial construction.
PVC ceiling panels are made from rigid PVC plastic, which is durable, waterproof,
and resistant to mold and mildew.

PVC ceiling panels come in a variety of colors and designs, and they can be
easily installed using a tongue-and-groove system that allows the panels to snap
together. The panels can be cut to size using a saw or a utility knife, making them
easy to customize for any room.

One of the primary advantages of PVC ceiling panels is their low cost. They
are significantly cheaper than many other types of ceiling materials, such as drywall
or plaster, making them a popular choice for budget-conscious builders and
homeowners.

 Cove Ceiling

A cove ceiling is a type of ceiling design that features a curved or rounded

transition between the walls and ceiling. It is often used to create a sense of
elegance and sophistication in a room, and can be used in a variety of architectural
styles, from traditional to contemporary. Cove ceilings are typically created by adding
a curved or rounded molding between the wall and ceiling. The molding can be made
from a variety of materials, including plaster, wood, or composite materials.

 Shadow Moulding

Shadow molding, also known as shadow gap or reveal molding, is a type of

trim that creates a narrow channel or groove between two surfaces, such as a wall
and a ceiling, or a wall and a floor. The molding is typically installed by recessing it
into a groove or slot in the wall or ceiling.
 The purpose of shadow molding is to create a subtle shadow line or reveal
that adds depth and dimension to a room. The shadow line can create a sense of
visual interest and contrast, and can help to define the different areas of a room.

Shadow molding is often used in modern or contemporary design styles,

where simplicity and clean lines are valued. It can be made from a variety of
materials, including wood, metal, or composite materials, and can be finished in a
variety of colors and textures to match the surrounding surfaces.

 Water Proofing

Waterproofing is the process of making a surface or structure impervious to

water or moisture. It is an essential part of construction and is used to prevent water
from penetrating into the interior of buildings, structures, and surfaces, which can
cause damage, decay, and mold growth.

Waterproofing can be applied to a variety of surfaces, including roofs, walls,

foundations, and basements.Waterproofing is important for maintaining the structural
integrity and longevity of buildings and structures. It helps to prevent damage from
moisture and water, which can lead to costly repairs and maintenance. Proper
waterproofing also helps to create a healthy and comfortable living environment by
preventing the growth of mold and other harmful microorganisms.

 C-channel Paint

C-channel paint is a type of paint that is specifically designed for use on C-

channels, which are steel channels shaped like the letter "C". These channels are
commonly used in construction, particularly in framing applications for walls, floors,
and ceilings.

C-channel paint is typically formulated to provide a durable and long-lasting

finish that can withstand the elements and resist chipping, cracking, and peeling. It
may be oil-based or water-based, depending on the specific product.

 Wood Accent- Sadolin Finish

Wood accent with Sadolin finish is a popular way to enhance the natural
beauty of wood surfaces while also providing protection against the elements.
Sadolin is a brand of wood stain and varnish that is known for its high-quality and
durability.

The Sadolin can be applied using a brush, roller, or spray gun, depending on
the specific product and the desired finish. It is important to apply the Sadolin evenly
and allow it to dry completely between coats.Once the Sadolin has been applied and
has dried completely, the wood accent will have a beautiful and durable finish that
will protect it from the elements and enhance its natural beauty. Sadolin finishes are
known for their resistance to fading, peeling, and cracking, making them a popular
choice for exterior wood accents such as fences, decks, and pergolas.