Pipe

Contents

Pipes and tubes are not the same...................................................... 42

Welded stainless steel pipe ................................................................... 43

Seamless pipe ............................................................................................ 44

Seamless high temperature stainless steel pipe.......................... 46

High temperature pipe grades and properties........................... 48

High temperature corrosion properties......................................... 49

Consider structural stability.................................................................... 49

Recommended operating temperatures in air............................ 50

Creep rupture strength............................................................................. 50

Pipe specifications and classes............................................................... 51

Pressure ratings for pipes, tubes and fittings................................. 52

Stainless steel pressure ratings.............................................................. 53

Basic allowable stress ‘S’ in tension for stainless steels............. 54

Theoretical working pressure for

stainless steel seamless pipe................................................................... 56

Stainless steel welded and seamless pipe

- nominal dimensions and weights...................................................... 58

Carbon steel welded and seamless pipe ....................................... 60

Standards - tube, pipe and fittings....................................................... 62

Seamless tube and pipe manufacture............................................... 64

Welded tube and pipe manufacture................................................. 65

Standards for testing of material.......................................................... 66

41
Pipe

Pipes and tubes are not the same

The terms “pipe”, “tube” and “hollow bar” in common use are often confused. The terminology is used as
interchangeable, but in engineering, each relates to specific standards. Pipe and tube are generally produced as
either welded (produced from slit coils or from plate), or seamless (hot finished extrusion, or cold finished by
pilgering or cold drawing). Hollow bar is produced as a hot extruded (seamless) product, trepanned from round
bar, or cast.
Care should be taken when converting between inch size and metric size due to common use of “soft” conversion
rather than “hard” conversion e.g. 1” = 25.4 mm (hard conversion), often converted as 25 mm (soft conversion).
Using the correct terminology, and specifying the actual dimensions according to the appropriate material
“Standard”, will ensure supply of the appropriate product.
A pipe, a tube, or a hollow bar is a term for a long hollow cylinder used mainly to convey substances which
can flow, including liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders, to machine components, or for structural and
architectural applications.
Tube is generally thin wall 0.51 mm to 6 mm thick, specified by the actual OD and WT but may be specified by
any two of OD, ID or WT. The term “tube” is also applied to non-cylindrical “hollow sections”, i.e., square (SHS)
or rectangular tubing (RHS) and oval - outside dimensions denoted by width and breadth (or height). Refer “Tube
introduction” on page 128.
Hollow Bar is generally heavy wall 6 mm to 60 mm thick, specified by OD and ID, but can also be specified as
OD and WT.  It is an interim  “mechanical tube” used for machining components, or further processing into pipe
or tube. Refer “Hollow bar” on page 170.
Pipe is generally medium wall 1.65 mm to 12.7 mm. Dimensions as specified by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) are covered by standards ASME B36.19 for stainless steel and ASME B36.10 for carbon steel.
Outside diameter is referenced by the NPS (Nominal Pipe Size - imperial) or DN (Diamètre Nominal - metric)
designator, often referred to as the ‘nominal bore’, which has a constant dimension for each given size. Wall
thickness is specified in a series of “schedule” numbers i.e. for stainless steel Sch 5S , 10S, 40S and 80S (suffix “S”
to differentiate from carbon steel). The “actual” WT for a given schedule number varies as the NB size increases.
The “actual” ID varies and is not an exact reflection of the inside bore size. To obtain the actual OD and WT
refer to the pipe tables in this section of our catalogue, or the tables in the applicable standards or specifications,
e.g. ASME B36.19, ASTM A312 , A358, A790 for stainless steel.
If in doubt, always specify at least 2 dimensions required - O.D. , W.T. or I.D. to ensure correct supply.

e..g 100 NB Sch 10S e..g 4” NB Sch 10S

114.3 mm O.D. x 3.05 mm W.T. 4.1/2” O.D. x 0.120” W.T.
114.3 mm O.D. x 108.2 mm I.D. 4.1/2” O.D. x 4.26” I.D.

O.D t

W.T. I.D b

42
 Pipe

Welded stainless steel pipe

According to ASTM A312M-08a / A999M-04
Austenitic, duplex and superduplex
Dimensions acc. to stainless steel Standard ASME B36.19M-2004
A = Ex. stock Australia
S = Seamless Ex. stock Australia
TST-W e.g. TST-W316L-6-SCH10S ● = Ex. Mill Stock or Production

Nom Pipe Size Nom ASTM 304L 316L 2205 2507

NB / DN NPS Wall O.D. av. wt I.D. Mass UNS S30403 S31603 S31803 S32750
mm inch Sch mm mm mm kg/m SANDVIK 3R12 3R65 SAF2205 SAF2507
8 1/4 Sch 10S 13.72 1.65 10.41 0.5 ● A - -
Sch 40S 2.24 9.25 0.6 A A - -
10 3/8 Sch 10S 17.15 1.65 13.84 0.6 ● A - -
Sch 40S 2.31 12.52 0.8 A A - -
15 1/2 Sch 10S 21.34 2.11 17.12 1.0 A A - S
Sch 40S 2.77 15.80 1.3 A A S S
20 3/4 Sch 10S 26.67 2.11 22.45 1.3 A A S -
Sch 40S 2.87 20.93 1.7 A A S S
25 1 Sch 10S 33.40 2.77 27.86 2.1 A A S S
Sch 40S 3.38 26.64 2.5 A A S S
32 1 1/4 Sch 10S 42.16 2.77 36.63 2.7 A A S -
Sch 40S 3.56 35.05 3.4 A A S -
40 1 1/2 Sch 10S 48.26 2.77 42.72 3.1 A A S S
Sch 40S 3.68 40.89 4.1 A A S S
50 2 Sch 10S 60.33 2.77 54.79 3.9 A A S S
Sch 40S 3.91 52.50 5.4 A A S S
65 2 1/2 Sch 10S 73.03 3.05 66.93 5.3 A A - -
Sch 40S 5.16 62.71 8.6 A A S -
80 3 Sch 10S 88.90 3.05 82.80 6.5 A A S S
Sch 40S 5.49 77.93 11.3 A A S S
90 3 1/2 Sch 10S 101.60 3.05 95.50 7.4 A A - ●
Sch 40S 5.74 90.12 13.6 A A - ●
100 4 Sch 10S 114.30 3.05 108.20 8.4 A A S S
Sch 40S 6.02 102.26 16.1 A A S S
125 5 Sch 10S 141.30 3.40 134.49 11.6 A A ● ●
Sch 40S 6.55 128.19 21.8 A A ● ●
150 6 Sch 10S 168.28 3.40 161.47 13.8 A A A ●
Sch 40S 7.11 154.05 28.3 A A S S
200 8 Sch 10S 219.08 3.76 211.56 20.0 A A A ●
Sch 40S 8.18 202.72 42.6 A A S A
250 10 Sch 10S 273.05 4.19 264.67 27.8 A A A ●
Sch 40S 9.27 254.51 60.3 A A A A
300 12 Sch 10S 323.85 4.57 314.71 36.0 A A A ●
Sch 20 * 6.35 311.2 49.71 ● ● ● A
Sch 40S 9.53 304.79 73.9 A A ● ●
350 14 Sch 10S 355.6 4.78 346.04 41.4 A A ● ●
Sch 20 * 7.92 339.8 68 ● ● ● A
Sch 40S 9.53 337 81.3 A A ● ●
400 16 Sch 10S 406.4 4.78 396.84 47.3 A A ● ●
Sch 40S 9.53 387 93.3 A A ● ●
450 18 Sch 10S 457.2 4.78 447.64 53 A A ● ●
Sch 40S 9.53 438 105 A A ● ●
500 20 Sch 10S 508.0 5.54 496.92 69 A A ● ●
Sch 40S 9.53 540 117 A A ● ●
600 24 Sch 10S 609.6 6.35 596.90 95 A A ● ●
Sch 40S 9.53 591 141 A A ● ●
750 30 Sch 10S 762.0 7.92 746.16 147 ● A ● ●

Sch 40S and Sch 80S above 200 NB are NOT the same as carbon steel Sch 40 and Sch Precision cut to length service available.
80 but thinner (equivalent to carbon steel walls STD and X/S above 200NB). see page 66 for tolerances.
Standard mill lengths 6.1 mtr ≤ 300 NB and 6 mtr > 300 NB. see page 56 for pressure tables.
Other sizes and grades available on enquiry.

43
Pipe

Seamless pipe
HF and CF stainless steel pipe acc. to ASTM A312M-08a,
A790M-10, ASTM B677, ASTM B668 and A999M-04 A = Ex. stock Australia
Austenitic, superaustenitic, duplex, superduplex ● = Ex. Mill Stock or Production
– Non standard ex. mill
Dimensions acc. to stainless steel Standard ASME B36.19M-2004
production minimum quantity
10 tonne per size and per
TST-S e.g. TST-S-316L-6-SCH40S grade, subject to available mill
capacity.

Nom Pipe Size Nom ASTM 304L 316L 2205 2507 2707 HD 904L –
NB / DN NPS Wall O.D. av. wt I.D. Mass UNS S30403 S31603 S31803 S32750 S32707 N08904 N08028
mm inch Sch mm mm mm kg/m SANDVIK 3R12 3R65 SAF2205 SAF2507 SAF 2707 2RK65 Sanicro
HD 28
6 1/8 Sch 10S 10.29 – – – – – – – – – –
Sch 40S 1.73 6.83 0.4 – A – – – – –
Sch 80S 2.41 5.46 0.5 – A – – – – –
8 1/4 Sch 10S 13.72 1.65 10.41 0.5 ● A – – – – –
Sch 40S 2.24 9.25 0.6 A A – – – – –
Sch 80S 3.02 7.67 0.8 ● A – – – – –
10 3/8 Sch 10S 17.15 1.65 13.84 0.6 A A – – – – –
Sch 40S 2.31 12.52 0.8 A A – – – – –
Sch 80S 3.20 10.74 1.1 A A – – – – –
15 1/2 Sch 10S 21.34 2.11 17.12 1.0 ● A A – – ●
Sch 40S 2.77 15.80 1.3 A A A A – A** ●
Sch 80S 3.73 13.87 1.6 A A A A – A**
Sch 160 4.78 11.8 2.0 – A – – – –
20 3/4 Sch 10S 26.67 2.11 22.45 1.3 A A A – – –
Sch 40S 2.87 20.93 1.7 A A A – – ●** ●
Sch 80S 3.91 18.85 2.2 A A ● A – A**
Sch 160 5.56 15.5 2.9 – A – – – –
25 1 Sch 10S 33.40 2.77 27.86 2.1 A A A – – – ●
Sch 40S 3.38 26.64 2.5 A A A A – ●** ●
Sch 80S 4.55 24.31 3.2 A A A A – A**
Sch 160 6.35 20.7 4.2 A A – A – –
32 1 1/4 Sch 10S 42.16 2.77 36.63 2.7 A A A – –
Sch 40S 3.56 35.05 3.4 A A A ● – ●**
Sch 80S 4.85 32.46 4.5 ● A – – – ●**
Sch 160 6.35 29.5 5.6 A A – – – –
40 1 1/2 Sch 10S 48.26 2.77 42.72 3.1 A A A S – –
Sch 40S 3.68 40.89 4.1 A A A A – ● ●
Sch 80S 5.08 38.10 5.4 A A A A – A
Sch 160 7.14 34.0 7.3 – A – A –
50 2 Sch 10S 60.33 2.77 54.79 3.9 A A A – – ●
Sch 40S 3.91 52.50 5.4 A A A A A ● ●
Sch 80S 5.54 49.25 7.5 A A A A – A
Sch 160 8.74 42.8 11.1 ● A – A – ●
65 2 1/2 Sch 10S 73.03 3.05 66.93 5.3 A A A – – –
Sch 40S 5.16 62.71 8.6 A A A – – ●
Sch 80S 7.01 59.00 11.4 ● A ● – – ●
Sch 160 9.53 54.0 14.9 – A – – – –
80 3 Sch 10S 88.90 3.05 82.80 6.5 A A A – – – ●
Sch 40S 5.49 77.93 11.3 A A A A A ● ●
Sch 80S 7.62 73.66 15.3 A A A A – A
Sch 160 11.13 66.6 21.4 ● A – – – –
90 3 1/2 Sch 10S 101.60 3.05 95.50 7.4 ● A – – – –
Sch 40S 5.74 90.12 13.6 ● ● – – – –
Sch 80S 8.08 85.45 18.6 ● A – – – –
Sch 160 – – – – – – – – – –
Sch 40S and Sch 80S above 200 NB are NOT the same as carbon steel Precision cut to length service available.
Sch 40 and Sch 80 but thinner (equivalent to carbon steel walls STD and see page 56 for pressure tables.
X/S above 200NB).
Standard mill lengths 5 to 6.7 metre randoms.
Other sizes and grades available on enquiry.

44
 Pipe

Seamless pipe
HF and CF stainless steel pipe acc. to ASTM A312M-08a,
A790M-10, ASTM B677, ASTM B668 and A999M-04 A = Ex. stock Australia
Austenitic, superaustenitic, duplex, superduplex ● = Ex. Mill Stock or Production
– non std ex mill production
Dimensions acc. to stainless steel Standard ASME B36.19M-2004
minimum quantity 10 tonne
per size and per grade,
TST-S e.g. TST-S-316L-6-SCH40S subject to available mill
capacity.
Nom Pipe Size Nom ASTM 304L 316L 2205 2507 2707 HD 904L –
NB / DN NPS Wall O.D. av. wt I.D. Mass UNS S30403 S31603 S31803 S32750 S32707 N08904 N08028
mm inch Sch mm mm mm kg/m SANDVIK 3R12 3R65 SAF2205 SAF2507 SAF 2RK65 Sanicro
2707 HD 28
100 4 Sch 10S 114.30 3.05 108.20 8.4 A A A – – –
Sch 40S 6.02 102.26 16.1 A A A A A –
Sch 80S 8.56 97.18 22.3 A A A A – A
Sch 160 13.49 87.3 33.5 ● ● – – – –
125 5 Sch 10S 141.30 3.40 134.49 11.6 A A – – – –
Sch 40S 6.55 128.19 21.8 ● A – – – –
Sch 80S 9.53 122.25 31.0 ● A – – – –
Sch 160 15.88 109.6 49.1 ● ● – – – –
150 6 Sch 10S 168.28 3.40 161.47 13.8 A A – – – –
Sch 40S 7.11 154.05 28.3 A A A – – –
Sch 80S 10.97 146.33 42.6 A A – A – –
Sch 160 18.26 131.7 67.6 ● ● – – – –
200 8 Sch 10S 219.08 3.76 211.56 20.0 A A – – – –
Sch 40S 8.18 202.72 42.6 A A A – – –
Sch 80S 12.70 193.68 64.6 A A – A – –
Sch 160 23.01 173.1 111.3 ● ● – – – –
250 10 Sch 10S 273.05 4.19 264.67 27.8 A A – – – –
Sch 40S 9.27 254.51 60.3 ● A – – – –
Sch 80S 12.70 247.65 81.6 ● A – – – –
300 12 Sch 10S 323.85 4.57 314.71 36.0 ● A – – – –
Sch 40S 9.53 304.79 73.9 ● A – – – –
Sch 80S 12.70 298.45 97.5 ● A – – – –

Tolerances Standards
For ASTM A312 and ASTM A790, acc. to ASTM A999 Sandvik 3R12 (ASTM 304L), 3R65 (ASTM 316L),
Valid for all grades except 2RK65 and Sanicro 28 6R35 (ASTM 321)
ASTM A312 incl. corrosion test acc. to ASTM A262 Pr.E.
Size O.D. tol W.T. tol % Thk/OD NACE MRO175 / ISO 15156-1:2001
mm mm av. wall ratio (3R12, 3R65) NFA 49-117, tolerances and leak test acc. to ASTM
10-48.3 + 0.4 / -0.8 + 20 / -12.5 all A312/A999
> 48.3 - 73.02 + 0.4 / -0.8 + 20 / -12.5 all
> 73.02 - 114.3 + 0.8 / -0.8 + 22 / -12.5 ≤ 5% Sandvik SAF 2205 (UNS S32205, S31803)
> 114.3 - 219.1 + 1.6 / -0.8 + 22 / -12.5 ≤ 5% and SAF 2507 (UNS S32750)
Note: WT tol > 88.9 - 219.1 + 22 / -12.5 > 5% ASTM A790 incl. corrosion test acc. to ASTM G-48 Method A
(SAF 2205 at 25°C, SAF 2507 at 50°C, both for 24 h)
Valid for 2RK65 According to ASTM A312-08a
Valid for Sanicro 28 According to ASTM B-668 (B-829)
Pipe is stocked with average wall Sandvik 2RK65 (UNS N08904)
ASTM A312
Size O.D. tol. Wall thickness tol. Sizes marked ** are also tested acc. to AD2000-W2 Einbaurohre
mm mm av wall % min wall %
TüV Bl. 421 incl. hot tensile test at +400°C
16 - 48.26 ± 0.19 ± 10 + 20 / -0
> 48.26 - 88.9 ± 0.25 ± 10 + 22 / -0 Sandvik Sanicro 28 (UNS N08028)
> 88.99 - 114.0 ± 0.38 ± 10 + 22 / -0 ASTM B668 average wall
> 114.0 ± 0.51 ±10 + 22 / -0

45
Pipe

Seamless high temperature

stainless steel pipe
High temperature grades HF and CF stainless steel pipe according to ASTM
A312M-08a, A268M-10, ASTM B407, A999M-04 and EN ISO 1127
A = Ex. stock Australia
● ■ ▲ = Ex. Mill Stock or Production

TST-S e.g. TST-S-253MA-2-SCH40S ● = Cold worked ■ = Hot worked ▲ = Powder Metallurgy tube

Nom Pipe Size UNS S44600 S30815 S35315 N08811 S31009 –

NB / DN NPS Wall O.D. av. wt I.D. Mass ASTM TP 446-1 – – N08810 310H –
mm inch Sch mm mm mm kg/m Sandvik 4C54 253MA® 353MA® Sanicro 31HT 7RE10 APM
- - - 13.5 2.35 8.8 0.66 ●
10 3/8 Sch 40S 17.15 2.31 12.52 0.85 ● A ●
Sch 80S 3.2 10.74 1.12 ●
- - - 21.3 2.65 16.0 1.24 A ●
15 1/2 Sch 10S 21.34 2.11 17.12 1.01 ●
Sch 40S 2.77 15.8 1.29 A ● ● ●
Sch 80S 3.73 13.87 1.65
- - - 22.0 2.00 18.0 0.95 ●
- - - 26.0 4.00 18.0 2.2 ●
20 3/4 Sch 10S 26.67 2.11 22.45 1.30 A
Sch 40S 2.87 20.93 1.71 A ● ● ● ▲
Sch 80S 3.91 18.85 2.23 ●
- - - 26.9 2.65 21.6 1.6 A
25 1 Sch 40S 33.40 3.38 26.6 2.54 A ● ■ ■ ▲
Sch 80S 4.55 24.3 3.29 ■ ■
- - - 33.7 3.25 27.2 2.48 ■ ■
32 1 1/4 Sch 40S 42.16 3.56 35.0 3.44 A ■ ■ ■
- - - 42.4 3.25 35.9 3.19 ■
- - - 44.5 3.00 38.5 3.12 ■
40 1 1/2 Sch 10S 48.26 2.77 42.72 3.15 A
Sch 40S 3.68 40.90 4.11 A ■ ■ ■
Sch 80S 5.08 38.10 5.49 ■
- - - 48.3 3.25 41.8 3.67 ■
- - - 60.3 3.65 53.0 5.18 A ■
50 2 Sch 10S 60.33 2.77 54.8 3.99 ■
Sch 40S 3.91 52.5 5.52 A ■ ■ ■ ▲
Sch 80S 5.54 49.2 7.60 ■ ■
65 2 1/2 Sch 40S 73.03 5.16 62.7 8.77 A ■
- - - 76.1 3.65 53.0 6.62 ■ ● ■
- - - 88.90 4.05 52.2 8.60 ■ ■
80 3 Sch 40S 88.90 5.49 49.3 11.50 A ■ ■ ▲
- - - 114.30 4.50 51.3 12.50 ■
100 4 Sch 40S 114.30 6.02 48.3 16.30 A ■
150 6 Sch 40S 168.28 7.11 46.1 28.70 A ■

Sandvik 353MA, 7RE10 and APM are also commonly stocked in Sweden. Other sizes in Sandvik APM available.

46
 Pipe

Seamless high temperature

stainless steel pipe

Tolerances
Sandvik 4C54 and 7RE10 (metric sizes), according Sandvik 253 MA, 353 MA and 7RE10, according to
to EN ISO 1127 ASTM A312/A999

Condition Outside diameter Wall thickness Size Outside diameter

Cold-worked tube ±0.75%, but min. ±10% (T3), but min.
±0.3 mm (D#) ±0.2 mm
Hot-worked tube ±1.5%, but min. ±15% (T3), but min.
±0.75 mm (D#) ±0.6 mm
mm mm
10.3-48.3 +0.4/-0.8
(48.3)-114.3 ±0.8
(114.3)-219.1 +1.6/-0.8

Tolerances on wall thickness

Sandvik Sanicro 31HT, according to ASTM B407
Size Outside diameter Wall thickness
mm mm %
Cold-worked:
15.8-38.1 ±0.19 ±10.0
Hot-worked. A999:
Tolerance to ASTM A999, see above table Sandvik 253 MA and
353 MA
Size Outside diameter TH/OD ratio
mm
10.3-73.03 +20/-12.5 All
88.90-219.10 +22.5/-12.5 Less or equal to 0.05
88.90-219.10 +15/-12.5 Above 0.05
Sandvik produces stainless steel boiler tubes - for more information
contact your nearest Sandvik branch.

Standards
Sandvik 4C54 (ASTM 446-1)
ASTM A268 (tube)

Sandvik 253 MA (UNS S30815) and 353 MA (UNS S35315)
ASTM A312 (pipe)

Sandvik Sanicro 31HT (UNS N08811 / N08810)

Cold-worked ASTM B407
Hot-worked ASTM B407, tolerances acc. to ATM A999

Sandvik 7RE10 (ASTM 310H)

ASTM A312
DIN 17458, PK 1
NFA 49-117
Hot-worked ASTM B407, tolerances acc. to ASTM A999

47
Pipe

High temperature pipe grades and properties

Standards Chemical composition (nominal), % Mechanical properties
ASTM UNS Sandvik EN Steel C Cr Ni Mo Others Proof Tensile Elongation
Designation number strength- strength A%, min.
Rp0.2, MPa, Rm, MPa
min.
304/304H S30400/S30409 5R10 1.4301/1.4948 0.04 18.5 9.5 − − 210 515−690 45
321/321H S32100/S32109 6R35 1.4541/1.4940 0.05 17.5 10.5 – Ti 210 515-690 45
347/347H S34700/S34709 8R40 1.4550/1.4912 0.06 17.5 11 − Nb 220 515−690 35
316, 316H S31600/S31609 6LR62 1.4401 0.05 17 11.5 2.1 – 205 515-790 45
309S, 309H S30908/S30909 8RE18 1.4833** 0.07 22.5 14 − − 205 ≥515 35
310S, 310H S31008/S31009 7RE10 1.4845** 0.06 24.5 21 − − 220 515−750 35
− S30815 253 MA 1.4835** 0.08 21 11 − Si, N, Ce 310 650−850 40
− S35315 353 MA 1.4854** 0.05 25 35 − Si, N, Ce 270 650−750 40
− N08811/N08810 Sanicro 31HT 1.4959 0.07 20.5 30.5 − Ti, Al 170 500−700 35
Alloy N06601 Sanicro 61 601 0.07 23 60 − Si, Mn, Al 205 ≥550 ≥30
Alloy N06600 Sanicro 70 600 0.05 16.5 72.5 − Fe 245 ≥560 35
446−1 S44600 4C54 1.4749** ≤0.20 26.5 − − N 275 500−700 20
446–2 S44600 2C48 – 0.09 23.5 − − N 275 ≥450 20
– – Kanthal APM – ≤0.08 22 – – Al = 5.8 475* 685* 11
– – Kanthal APMT – ≤0.08 22 – 3 Al = 5.0 545* 740* 26
* Typical values Sandvik, Sanicro and Kanthal are trademarks owned by Sandvik AB.
** Not applicable for tube and pipe. Only for information. 253 MA and 353 MA are trademarks owned by Outokumpu Stainless.

What are “H” grades

“H” grades are the higher carbon versions of the
standard or low carbon grades, produced primarily
in plate, bar, pipe and tube. The high carbon content
(0.04% C min. - 0.10%) results in increased strength
of the steel at elevated temperatures (generally above
500°C), with higher tensile strength (short term)
and “creep” strength (long term). These grades are
susceptible to “sensitisation” due to the formation
of chromium carbides at the grain boundaries if held
in the temperature range of about 450-850°C which
can lead to intergranular corrosion when operating in
aqueous environments such as during shutdown and
below dewpoint of the gas.
Commonly requested grades are 304H and 316H, for
which there is a slightly different chromium content
range (0.5%) to the standard grade 304 and 316. In
addition all austenitic “H” grades must have a grain
size of ASTM No 7 or coarser. Other high temperature
grades are “stabilised” by addition of titanium (eg 321
or 316Ti) or niobium (eg 347) and therefore do not
suffer from sensitisation even after exposure at 450°C
– 850°C because the Ti or Nb combines preferentially
with the carbon, leaving the chromium free to provide
resistance to corrosion.
The pressure vessel codes give the same allowable
pressure rating for “H” grades as for standard grades
- the “H” grades are simply the standard grades with
their carbon contents controlled to the top half of the
range, or slightly above. Standard grades can often be
used in place of “H” grades so long as their chemical
composition (carbon and chromium) mechanical
properties (tensile and yield strength), and grain size
meet the “H” limits. The grain size requirement may
be satisfied by extra testing. The product and its test
certificate may describe it as a standard 304 or 316
unless it was originally manufactured as a “H” grade.
If an application requires an “H” grade - generally for
high temperature applications - this must be specified
at time of order. Full compliance with “H” grade
specification may require additional measurement of
grain size. Due to availability issues, it is sometimes
desirable to be able to use a product labelled as a
standard grade when an “H” grade has been specified.
Mills’ inspection certificates give this information.
Such substitution can be made where standard grades
can be used as “H” grades so long as the chemical and
mechanical properties and grain size conform to the
“H” grade requirements. Full details given on the mill
inspection certificate will show whether the standard
grade meets compliance with the “H” grade chemical
and mechanical requirements, while additional testing
will most likely be required to confirm grain size.

48
 Pipe

High temperature corrosion properties

A comparison between Sandvik high temperature
materials and ASTM 304H
Grade In air Oxidizing sulfur Reducing sulfur Carburizing Nitriding
ASTM Sandvik
304H 5R10 0 0 0 0 0
321H 6R35 0 0 0 0 0
347H 8R40 0 0 0 0 0
316H 6LR62 0 0 0 0 0
309 8RE18 ++ ++ + + ++ (**)
310H* 7RE10 +++ ++ 0 ++ ++
– Sandvik 253 MA* ++++ +++ ++ +++ ++ (**)
– Sandvik 353 MA* ++++ + 0 ++++ ++++
– Sandvik Sanicro 31HT* ++ + 0 +++ +++
Alloy Sandvik Sanicro 61 ++++ 0 - + ++
Alloy Sandvik Sanicro 70 +++ 0 - + ++++
446-1 Sandvik 4C54* ++++ +++ ++++ - -
446-2 Sandvik 2C48 +++ +++ +++ - -
– Kanthal APM +++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++(***)
– Kanthal APMT +++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++(***)

* Sandvik stock standard

** In low oxygen potential (<100ppm O2) nitriding may occur
*** In low dew point (<-20°C) severe nitriding may occur
0 = reference value + = superior to - = inferior to

Consider structural stability

Almost all steels developed to combat corrosive environments at elevated temperatures can suffer from
embrittlement due to a secondary phase formation. A common type is sigma-phase, which is formed after a longer
period of service in the temperature range 600 to 850°C.
The amount of sigma-phase formed is related to the chemical composition of the material. Chromium rich
materials are, in general, more prone to form a sigma-phase. On the other hand, elements like nickel and nitrogen
hinder the formation of sigma-phase. Nitrogen is a very efficient sigma-phase blocker, which is why Sandvik
253 MA is less prone to sigma-phase formation in comparison to some of the more common high temperature
grades such as ASTM 309 and ASTM 310H – due to its unique chemical content (slightly lower chromium and
lower nickel). Ferritic steels with more than 16% chromium are very sensitive to sigma-phase formation. Ferritic
chromium steels are also prone to embrittlement in the temperature range 400 to 550°C (475°C - embrittlement).
Heat treatment at 1,000 to 1,100°C dissolves most embrittling phases and returns the material to a ductile state.

49
Pipe

Recommended operating temperatures in air

Material
Sandvik ASTM
5R10 304H
6R35 321H
8R40 347H
6LR62 316H
8RE18 309
7RE10 310H
253 MA –
353 MA –
Sanicro 31HT –
Sanicro 61 Alloy
Sanicro 70 Alloy

4C54 446-1
2C48 446-2

Kanthal APM –
Kanthal APMT –

Creep rupture strength

50
 Pipe

Pipe specifications and classes

The term pipe covers a specific range of sizes laid down by ANSI specifications.
Any sizes not covered by these specifications are tube. Stainless Steel Pipe
dimensions determined by ASME B36.19 covering the outside diameter and the
Schedule wall thickness. Note that stainless wall thicknesses to ANSI B36.19 all
have an ‘S’ suffix. Sizes without an ‘S’ suffix are to ANSI B36.10 which is intended
for carbon steel pipes.
Seamless and Welded Welded Pipe Specifications
ASTM A312: Seamless and straight-seam welded Usually it will be to ASTM A312. If it is to ASTM
austenitic pipe intended for high temperature and A358 then there are various Classes available as shown
general corrosive service. Filler metal not permitted below. The Class Number dictates how the pipe is
during welding. welded and what non-destructive tests:
ASTM A358: Electric fusion welded austenitic pipe for Class 1: Pipe shall be double welded by processes
corrosive and/or high temperature service. Typically employing filler metal in all passes and shall be
only pipe up to 8 inch is produced to this specification. completely radiographed.
Addition of filler metal is permitted during welding.
Class 2: Pipe shall be double welded by processes
ASTM A790: Seamless and straight-seam welded employing filler metal in all passes. No radiography is
ferritic/austenitic (duplex) pipe intended for general required.
corrosive service, with a particular emphasis on
Class 3: Pipe shall be welded in one pass by processes
resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
employing filler metal and shall be completely
ASTM A409: Straight-seam or spiral-seam electric radiographed.
fusion welded large diameter austenitic light-wall pipe
Class 4: Same as Class 3 except that the welding
in sizes 14” to 30” with walls Sch 5S and Sch 10S for
process exposed to the inside pipe surface may be made
corrosive and/or high temperature service.
without the addition of filler metal.
ASTM A376: Seamless austenitic pipe for high
Class 5: Pipe shall be double welded by processes
temperature applications.
employing filler metal in all passes and shall be spot
ASTM A813: Single-seam, single or double-welded radiographed.
austenitic pipe for high temperature and general
corrosive application.
Markings on pipe
The full identification of the pipe should be
ASTM A814: Cold-worked welded austenitic pipe for continuously marked down its whole length, including:
high temperature and general corrosive service.
• Nominal Pipe Size (Nominal Bore)
Note: Welded pipes manufactured to ASTM A312,
A790 and A813 must be produced by an automatic • Schedule (Wall Thickness)
process with NO addition of filler metal during the • Specification
welding operation.
• Grade
• Method of Manufacture (Seamless or Welded)
• Heat Number
• Manufacturer’s Name or Symbol

51
Pipe

Pressure ratings for pipes, tubes and fittings

Wall thickness calculations for straight Secondly, the minimum required wall thickness tm of
pipe under internal pressure straight sections of pipe is determined in accordance
The following equations and tables are based on those with the following equation.
provided in the Process Piping Specification, ASME
31.3a-1996, ASME Code for Pressure Piping (see Notes tm = t+c
for references to source paragraphs and tables in this
specification). where:
tm = Minimum required thickness, including mechanical, corrosion-
Firstly, anyone of the following four equations may be and erosion allowances
used to calculate the ‘pressure design wall thickness’ (t) c = The sum of the mechanical allowances (thread or groove
of a straight pipe subject to internal pressure. depth) plus corrosion and erosion allowances. For threaded
components, the nominal thread depth (dimension h of ASME
The equations assume t < D/6 (for pipe with t ≥ D/6 or B1.20.1, or equivalent) shall apply. For machined surfaces or
P/SE > 0.385 additional factors need to be considered). grooves where the tolerance is not specified, the tolerance
shall be assumed to be 0.5 mm (0.02 in) in addition to the
The four alternative equations are: specified depth of the cut.
The actual minimum thickness for the pipe selected, considering
manufacturer’s tolerance, shall not be less than tm
t = PD
2(SE + PY) Units of Measure for Calculations
It is important to use compatible units for pressure
calculations. ASTM and ASME/ANSI specifications are
PD based upon imperial sizes.
t =
2SE Pipe bends
The equations above may also be used for pipe bends
provided the requirement for minimum wall thickness
t = D 1 - SE - P (tm) is met.
2 SE + P
Worked Example:
Taking the simplest equation: t = PD

t = P(d + 2c) 2SE

2[SE - P(1 - Y)]
Where:
t = Pressure design thickness
d = Inside diameter of pipe. For pressure design calculation, the
inside diameter of the pipe is the maximum value allowable
under the purchase specification
P = Internal design pressure
D = Outside diameter pipe as listed in tables of standards or
specifications or as measured
E = Quality factor. See the table “Basic quality factors ‘E’ for longi-
tudinal weld joints in stainless steel pipes, tubes and fittings”
on page 53
S = Stress value for material from the table “Basic allowable
stresses ’S’ in tension for stainless steels” on page 54
Y = Coefficient from table “Values of coefficient ‘Y’ for t<O/S” on
page 53
A. If you wish to calculate what wall thickness should be
used in a design for the following situation:
P = Internal Design Pressure – For this example lets say 2000 pounds
per square inch = 2ksi
D = Outside Diameter – For this example lets say 4 inch nominal bore
= 4.5 inches
S = Stress Value for material from table below taking into account
operating temperature – For
this example lets take ASTM A312 TP 316L operating at 500OC for
which S = 14.4 ksi (1ksi = 1,000 psi / psi = Pounds Pressure per
Square Inch)
E = Quality Factor from table below according to manufacturing-
specification – For this example we are using ASTM A312 TP
316L Seamless for which E = 1.0
So this gives: t = 2 x 4.5 = 0.313 inches
2 x 14.4 x 1.0
Thus we would use 4 inch Nominal Bore Schedule 80S which has a
wall thickness of 0.337 inches. If the wall thickness calculation leads
to a heavier wall than is available then the pipe diameter must be
increased. Depending upon the design of the system this may also
reduce the pressure.

52
 Pipe

Stainless steel pressure ratings

Values of coefficient ‘Y’ for t<D/S

Temperature, °F (°C)
Materials <900 (≤482) 950 (510) 1000 (538) 1050 (566) 1100 (593) 1150
Ferritic steels 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Austenitic Steels 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7
Cast Iron 0.0 – – – – –
Note:
– The above table and the equations are based on paragraph 304.1 of ASME B31.3a-1996
– The value for Y may be interpolated for intermediate temperatures. For t > D/6:
Y = d + 2c
D + d + 2c

Basic quality factors ‘E’ for longitudinal weld joints in stainless steel pipes,
tubes and fittings
Specification No. Class (or Type) Description E Notes
A 182 – Forgings and Fittings 1.00 –
– Seamless Tube 1.00 –
A268 – Electric Fusion Welded Tube, Double Butt Seam 0.85 –
– Electric Fusion Welded Tube, Single Butt Seam 0.80 –
– Seamless Tube 1.00 –
A269 – Electric Fusion Welded Tube, Double Butt Seam 0.85 –
– Electric Fusion Welded Tube, Single Butt Seam 0.80 –
– Seamless Pipe 1.00 –
A312 – Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, Double Butt Seam 0.85 –
– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, Single Butt Seam 0.80 –
1, 3, 4 Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, 100% radiographed 1.00 –
A358 5 Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, Spot radiographed 0.90 –
2 Electric Fusion Welded Pipe , Double Butt Seam 0.85 –
A376 – Seamless Pipe 1.00 –
– Seamless Fittings 1.00 –
– Welded Fitting, 100% radiographed 1.00 1
A403
– Welded Fitting, Double Butt Seam 0.85 –
– Welded Fitting, Single Butt Seam 0.80 –
– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe , Double Butt Seam 0.85 –
A409
– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, Single Butt Seam 0.80 –
A430 – Seamless Pipe 1.00 –
– Seamless 1.00 –
– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, 100% radiographed 1.00 –
A 789
– Electric Fusion Welded Tube, Double Butt Seam 0.85 –
– Electric Fusion Welded Tube, Single Butt Seam 0.80 –
– Seamless 1.00 –
– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, 100% radiographed 1.00 –
A 790
– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, Double Butt Seam 0.85 –
– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, Single Butt Seam 0.80 –
Note:
– This table is based on Table A-1B of ASME B31.3a-1996
1. An E factor of 1 .00 may be applied only if all welds, including welds in the base material, have passed 100% radiographic examination.
Substitution of ultrasonic examination for radiography is not permitted for the purpose of obtaining an E of 1.00.

53
Pipe

Basic allowable stress ‘S’ in tension for

stainless steels
ASTM Grade Min Metal Temperature, °F (°C)
Spec Temp Min Temp 300 500 700 850 1000 1150 1300 1400 1500
No. °F (for to 100 (149) (260) (371) (454) (538) (621) (704) (760) (816) Notes
°C see (37.8)
Notes) Basic Allowable Stress, S ksi
A 312 TP321 -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1, 2
A 376 TP321 -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1, 2
A 269 TP304L -425 16.7 16.7 14.8 13.5 12.8 7.8 4.0 2.1 1.1 0.9 2, 3
A 312 TP304L -425 16.7 16.7 14.8 13.5 12.8 7.8 4.0 2.1 1.1 0.9 -
A 358 304L -425 16.7 16.7 14.8 13.5 12.8 7.8 4.0 2.1 1.1 0.9 2
A 269 TP316L -325 16.7 16.7 14.4 12.9 12.1 11.2 8.8 3.5 1.8 1.0 2, 3
A 312 TP316L -325 16.7 16.7 14.4 12.9 12.1 11.2 8.8 3.5 1.8 1.0 -
A 358 316L -325 16.7 16.7 14.4 12.9 12.1 11.2 8.8 3.5 1.8 1.0 2
A 312 TP321 -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2, 4
A 376 TP321 -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2, 4
A 312 TP321H -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2
A 376 TP321H -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 -
A 268 TP409 -20 20.0 - - - - - - - - - 6
A 268 TP430Ti -20 20.0 - - - - - - - - - 6, 7
A 376 16-8-2H -325 20.0 - - - - - - - - - 5, 6, 8
A 268 TP405 -20 20.0 17.7 17.2 16.2 10.4 4.0 - - - - 6
A 268 TP410 -20 20.0 17.7 17.2 16.2 10.4 6.4 1.8 - - - 6
A 268 TP430 -20 20.0 19.6 19.0 17.6 10.4 6.5 2.4 - - - 6, 7
A 312 TP317L -325 20.0 20.0 17.7 16.2 15.2 - - - - - -
A 312 TP310 -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 11.0 3.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 4, 6, 10
A 358 310S -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 11.0 3.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 2, 4, 5, 6
A 409 TP310 -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 11.0 3.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 2, 4, 5, 6, 10
A 312 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1
A 358 321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1, 2
A 376 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1, 2
A 409 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1, 2
A 312 TP309 -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 10.5 5.0 2.3 1.3 0.7 4, 6, 10
A 358 309S -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 10.5 5.0 2.3 1.3 0.7 4, 5, 6, 2
A 409 TP309 -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 10.5 5.0 2.3 1.3 0.7 2, 4, 5, 6, 10
A 312 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 -
A 358 347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2
A 376 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2
A 409 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2
A 312 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 -
A 358 348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2
A 376 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2
A 409 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2
A 312 TP310 -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 11.0 7.3 3.5 1.6 0.8 4, 6, 10, 11
A 358 310S -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 11.0 7.3 3.5 1.6 0.8 2, 4, 5, 6, 11
A 430 FP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2
A 312 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 4
A 358 321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2, 4
A 376 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2, 4
A 409 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2, 4
A 430 FP321H -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2
A 376 TP321H -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2
A 312 TP321H -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 -
A 430 FP316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 5, 8,
A 430 FP316H -325 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 5, 8,
A 269 TP316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 3, 4, 5, 8
A 312 TP316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 4, 8
A 358 316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 4, 5, 8

54
 Pipe

Basic allowable stress ‘S’ in tension for

stainless steels
ASTM Grade Min Metal Temperature, °F (°C)
Spec Temp Min Temp 300 500 700 850 1000 1150 1300 1400 1500
No. °F (for to 100 (149) (260) (371) (454) (538) (621) (704) (760) (816) Notes
°C see (37.8)
Notes) Basic Allowable Stress, S ksi
A 376 TP316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 4, 5, 8
A 409 TP316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 4, 5, 8
A 312 TP317 -325 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 4, 8
A 409 TP317 -325 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 4, 5, 8
A 376 TP316H -325 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 5, 8
A 312 TP316H -325 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 8
A 430 FP347 -425 20.0 20.0 18.6 18.2 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2
A 430 FP347H -325 20.0 20.0 18.6 18.2 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2
A 376 TP347H -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2
A 312 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 4
A 358 347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4
A 376 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4
A 409 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4
A 312 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 4
A 358 348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4
A 376 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4
A 409 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4
A 312 TP347H -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 -
A 312 TP348H -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 -
A 430 FP304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 5, 8
A 430 FP304H -325 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 5, 8
A 269 TP304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 3, 4, 5, 8
A 312 TP304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 4, 8
A 358 304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 4, 5
A 376 TP304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 4, 5, 8
A 376 TP304H -325 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 5, 8
A 409 TP304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 4, 5, 8
A 312 TP304H -325 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 8
A 268 TP443 -20 23.3 21.4 19.4 17.5 15.1 4.5 - - - - 6
A 268 TP446 -20 23.3 21.4 19.4 17.5 15.1 4.5 - - - - 6
A 789 S32304 -60 29.0 26.3 24.9 - - - - - - - 9
A 790 S32304 -60 29.0 26.3 24.9 - - - - - - - 9
A 789 S31803 -60 30.0 28.9 27.2 - - - - - - - 9
A 790 S31803 -60 30.0 28.9 27.2 - - - - - - - 9
A 789 S32900 -20 30.0 - - - - - - - - - 9
A 790 S32900 -20 30.0 - - - - - - - - - 9
A 789 S32750 -20 38.7 33.1 31.4 - - - - - - - 9
A 790 S32750 -20 38.7 33.1 31.4 - - - - - - - 9
Notes
- This table is based on Table A-1A of ASME B31.3a-1996.
- For specified minimum tensile and yield strengths refer to the individual ASTM specifications in Sections 2 and 3.
- Minimum temperatures in °C: -20 °F = -29 °C, -60 °F = -51 °C, -325 °F = -199 °C, -425 °F = -254 °C
1 For temperatures above 538 °C (1000 °F), these stress values may be used only if the material has been heat treated at a temperature of
1093°C (2000°F) minimum.
2 When the material has not been solution heat treated, the minimum temperature shall be -29 °C (-20 °F) unless the material is impact tested.
3 Must be verified by tensile test.
4 For temperatures above 538 °C (1000 °F), these stress values apply only when the carbon content is 0.04% or higher.
5 For temperatures above 538 °C (1000 °F), these stress values may be used only if the material has been heat treated by heating to a minimum
temperature of 1038 °C (1900 °F) and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.
6 This steel is intended for use at high temperatures; it may have low ductility and/or low impact properties at room temperature after being used
at higher temperatures.
7 If the chemical composition of this Grade is such as to render it hardenable, qualification under P-No. 6 is required.
8 Increasingly tends to precipitate intergranular carbides as the carbon content increases above 0.03%.
9 This steel may develop embrittlement after service at approximately 316 °C (600 °F) and higher temperature.
10 This material when used below -29 °C (-20 °F) shall be impact tested if the carbon content is above 0.10%.
11 The stress values above 538 °C (1000 °F) shall be used only when the micrograin size, is No. 6 or less (coarser grain). Otherwise, the lower
stress values listed for the same material, specification, and grade shall be used.

55
Pipe

Theoretical working pressure for

stainless steel seamless pipe Pressures in psi

Pipe schedules
NB NPS 5S 10S 40 40S / STD 80 80S / XS 160 XXS
mm inch
6 1/8 3241 4537 6296 6296 8796 8796
8 1/4 3403 4514 6111 6111 8264 8264
10 3/8 2722 3611 5056 5056 7000 7000
15 1/2 2902 3705 4866 4866 6563 6563 8393 13125
20 3/4 2322 2964 4036 4036 5500 5500 7821 11000
25 1 1854 3108 3793 3793 5105 5105 7129 10209
32 1.1/4 1468 2462 3163 3163 4315 4315 5648 8630
40 1.1/2 1283 2151 2862 2862 3947 3947 5546 7895
50 2 1026 1721 2432 2432 3442 3442 5432 6884
65 2.1/2 1083 1565 2648 2648 3600 3600 4891 7200
80 3 889 1286 2314 2314 3214 3214 4693 6429
90 3.1/2 778 1125 2119 2119 2981 2981 5963
100 4 692 1000 1975 1975 2808 2808 4425 5617
125 5 735 903 1739 1739 2528 2528 4213 5056
150 6 617 759 1585 1585 2445 2445 4070 4891
200 8 474 644 1400 1400 2174 2174 3939 3804
250 10 467 576 1273 1273 2072 1744 3924
300 12 459 529 1194 1103 2024 1471 3859 2941
350 14 418 504 1173 1004 2009 1339 3766
400 16 387 441 1172 879 1978 1172 3736
450 18 344 392 1171 781 1952 1042 3710
500 20 353 409 1114 703 1933 938 3692
600 24 341 391 1075 586 1905 781 3663

Working pressures for ASTM 304 and 316 pipe to ASTM A312 The information presented above are typical or average values and
between - 20°F and 100°F. are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values.
The ASME code suggests a safety factor of four based on burst
pressure.
e.g. - 1” SCH40 = 3793PSI (15171 ÷ 4)
Conversion factors
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
For higher temperatures multiply working pressure by: (according to
1 MPa = 145.04 psi
ANSI B31.3)
1 psi = 0.007 MPa
1 Kg f/mm2 = 9.807 MPa
40°C 150°C 260°C 540°C
1 Kg f/mm 2
= 1422.34 psi
ASTM 304 1.000 1.000 0.875 0.715
1 bar = 14.5 psi
ASTM 316 1.000 1.000 0.895 0.765
1 bar = 0.1 MPa
SAF 2304 1.445 1.350 1.260
1 MPa = 1000 KPa
SAF 2205 1.500 1.445 1.360
SAF 2507 1.935 1.655 1.570
Welded pipe: use joint factor 0.85

56
 Pipe

Theoretical bursting pressure for

stainless steel seamless pipe Pressures in psi

Pipe schedules
NB NPS 5S 10S 40 40S / STD 80 80S / XS 160 XXS
mm inch
6 1/8 12963 18148 25185 25185 35185 35185
8 1/4 13611 18056 24444 24444 33056 33056
10 3/8 10889 14444 20222 20222 28000 28000
15 1/2 11607 14821 19464 26250 26250 33393 33571 52500
20 3/4 9286 11856 16143 16143 22000 22000 31286 44000
25 1 7414 12433 15171 20418 20418 20418 28517 40837
32 1.1/4 5873 9849 12651 12651 17259 17259 22590 34518
40 1.1/2 5132 8605 11447 11447 15789 15789 22184 31579
50 2 4105 6884 9726 9726 13768 13768 21726 27537
65 2.1/2 4330 6261 10591 10591 14400 14400 19565 28800
80 3 3557 5143 9257 9257 12857 12857 18771 25714
90 3.1/2 3112 4500 8475 8475 11925 11925 23850
100 4 2767 4000 7900 7900 11233 11233 17700 22467
125 5 2939 3613 6957 6957 10111 10111 16852 20223
150 6 2468 3034 6340 6340 9781 9781 16279 19562
200 8 1896 2574 5600 5600 8696 8696 15757 15217
250 10 1870 2302 5093 5093 8288 6977 15698
300 12 1941 2118 4776 4412 8044 5882 15435 11765
350 14 2679 4693 4018 8036 5357 15064
400 16 2344 4688 3516 1913 4688 14944
450 18 2083 4683 3125 7808 4167 14842
500 20 1875 4455 2813 7733 3750 14768
600 24 1563 4300 2344 7619 3125 14650

The information presented above are typical or average values and Bursting pressures
are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values.
ASTM 304 and 316 pipe to ASTM A312 based on 75,000 psi Tensile P = 2xSxt
Strength
D
P = Pressure Rating (psi or MPa)
Conversion factors S = Minimum Tensile Strength (psi or MPa)
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 t = Wall Thickness (inch or mm)
1 MPa = 145.04 psi D = Outside Diameter (inch or mm)
1 psi = 0.007 MPa
1 Kg f/mm2 = 9.807 MPa
Pressure pipe
1 Kg f/mm
2
= 1422.34 psi Duplex pipe can replace 304 or 316 pipe:
1 bar = 14.5 psi Sch 10S duplex can replace Sch 40S to 50 NB
1 bar = 0.1 MPa Sch 40S duplex can replace Sch 80S to 100 NB
1 MPa = 1000 KPa

Welded pipe: use joint factor 0.85

57
Pipe

Stainless steel welded and seamless pipe

- nominal dimensions and weights
Nominal wall thickness, minimum and maximum allowable wall thickness according ASTM A312M-10 table 3

NB NPS OD Sch 5S Sch 10S Sch 40S / STD WT

mm inch mm av w.t. min wt max wt kg/m av w.t. min wt max wt kg/m av w.t. min wt max wt kg/m
6 1/8 10.29 1.24 1.09 1.49 0.28 1.73 1.51 2.07 0.37
8 1/4 13.72 1.65 1.44 1.98 0.49 2.24 1.96 2.68 0.63
10 3/8 17.15 1.65 1.44 1.98 0.63 2.31 2.02 2.77 0.84
15 1/2 21.34 1.65 1.44 1.98 0.80 2.11 1.84 2.53 1.00 2.77 2.42 3.32 1.27
20 3/4 26.67 1.65 1.44 1.98 1.03 2.11 1.84 2.53 1.28 2.87 2.51 3.44 1.69
25 1 33.40 1.65 1.44 1.98 1.29 2.77 2.42 3.32 2.09 3.38 2.96 4.05 2.50
32 1.1/4 42.16 1.65 1.44 1.98 1.65 2.77 2.42 3.32 2.69 3.56 3.11 4.27 3.39
40 1.1/2 48.26 1.65 1.44 1.98 1.90 2.77 2.42 3.32 3.11 3.68 3.22 4.42 4.05
50 2 60.33 1.65 1.44 1.98 2.39 2.77 2.42 3.32 3.93 3.91 3.42 4.69 5.44
65 2.1/2 73.03 2.11 1.84 2.53 3.69 3.05 2.67 3.66 5.26 5.16 4.51 6.19 8.63
80 3 88.90 2.11 1.84 2.58 4.52 3.05 2.67 3.73 6.46 5.49 4.80 6.72 11.29
90 3.1/2 101.60 2.11 1.84 2.58 5.18 3.05 2.67 3.73 7.41 5.74 5.02 7.03 13.57
100 4 114.30 2.11 1.84 2.58 5.84 3.05 2.67 3.73 8.37 6.02 5.27 7.37 16.08
125 5 141.30 2.77 2.42 3.39 9.46 3.40 2.98 4.17 11.56 6.55 5.73 8.03 21.77
150 6 168.28 2.77 2.42 3.39 11.31 3.40 2.98 4.17 13.83 7.11 6.22 8.71 28.26
200 8 219.08 2.77 2.42 3.39 14.78 3.76 3.29 4.61 19.97 8.18 7.16 10.02 42.55
250 10 273.05 3.40 2.98 4.17 22.61 4.19 3.67 5.13 27.79 9.27 8.11 11.36 60.31
300 12 323.85 3.96 3.47 4.85 31.25 4.57 4.00 5.60 35.99 9.53 8.34 11.67 73.88
350 14 355.6 3.96 3.47 4.85 34.34 4.78 4.18 5.86 41.36 9.53 8.34 11.67 81.33
400 16 406.4 4.19 3.67 5.13 41.56 4.78 4.18 5.86 47.34 9.53 8.34 11.20 93.27
450 18 457.2 4.19 3.67 5.13 46.79 4.78 4.18 5.86 53.31 9.53 8.34 11.20 105..0
500 20 508.0 4.78 4.18 5.61 59.32 5.54 4.85 6.51 68.65 9.53 8.34 11.20 117.15
550 22 558.8 4.78 4.18 5.61 65.33 5.54 4.85 6.51 75.62
600 24 609.6 5.54 4.85 6.51 82.58 6.35 5.56 7.46 94.53 9.53 8.34 11.20 141.12
750 30 762.0 6.35 5.56 7.46 119.94 7.92 6.93 9.31 147.29

NB NPS OD SCH 80S / XS SCH 160 Stainless steel thickness are

mm inch mm av w.t. min wt max wt kg/m av w.t. min wt max wt kg/m specifed as Sch “..S” numbers and
6 1/8 10.29 2.41 2.11 2.90 0.47 above 200 NB are NOT the same
8 1/4 13.72 3.02 2.64 3.63 0.80 as corresponding “Sch” carbon
10 3/8 17.15 3.20 2.80 3.84 1.10 steel thicknesses. Carbon steel
15 1/2 21.34 3.73 3.27 4.48 1.62 4.78 4.18 5.73 1.95 dimensions are specified in ASME
B36.10M-04 to 2000mm (80 “) N.B.
20 3/4 26.67 3.91 3.42 4.69 2.20 5.56 4.87 6.68 2.90
with w.t. Sch 10 to Sch XXS (double
25 1 33.40 4.55 3.98 5.46 3.24 6.35 5.56 7.62 4.24
extra strong).
32 1.1/4 42.16 4.85 4.24 5.82 4.47 6.35 5.56 7.62 5.61
40 1.1/2 48.26 5.08 4.45 6.10 5.41 7.14 6.25 8.56 7.25
50 2 60.33 5.54 4.85 6.64 7.48 8.74 7.65 10.49 11.11
65 2.1/2 73.03 7.01 6.13 8.41 11.41 9.53 8.33 11.43 14.92
80 3 88.90 7.62 6.67 8.76 15.27 11.13 9.73 12.79 21.35
90 3.1/2 101.60 8.08 7.07 9.29 18.64
100 4 114.30 8.56 7.49 9.84 22.32 13.49 11.80 15.51 33.54
125 5 141.30 9.53 8.33 10.95 30.97 15.88 13.89 18.26 49.12
150 6 168.28 10.97 9.60 12.62 42.56 18.26 15.98 21.00 67.57
200 8 219.08 12.70 11.11 14.61 64.64 23.01 20.14 26.46 111.27
250 10 273.05 12.70 11.11 15.56 81.56 28.58 25.01 32.87 172.27
300 12 323.85 12.70 11.11 15.56 97.47 33.32 29.16 38.32 238.69
350 14 355.6 12.70 11.11 15.56 107.40 35.71 31.25 41.07 281.72
400 16 406.4 12.70 11.11 15.56 123.31 40.49 35.43 46.56 365.38
450 18 457.2 12.70 11.11 15.56 139.16 45.24 39.59 52.03 459.39
500 20 508.0 12.70 11.11 14.92 155.13 50.01 43.76 58.76 564.85
550 22 558.8 53.98 47.23 63.43 672.30
600 24 609.6 12.70 11.11 14.92 187.07 59.54 52.10 69.96 808.27
750 30 762.0

58
 Pipe

Stainless steel welded and seamless pipe

- tolerances
O.D. and wall thickness tolerances
Permissable Variations in Outside Diameter and Wall Thickness According to ASTM A312M-10 table 3, and ASTM A999M-04a table 1
O.D. W.T.
NPS Designator Over Under Tolerance from Nominal Weight
mm mm Over % Under %
6 mm - 40 mm incl. 0.4 0.8 20 12.50
Over 40mm - 65 mm incl. 0.8 0.8 20 12.50
Over 65mm - 100 mm incl. 0.8 0.8 20 12.50
Over 100mm - 200 mm incl. 1.6 0.8 20 12.50
Over 200mm - 450 mm incl. 2.4 0.8 20 12.50
Over 450mm - 650 mm incl. 3.2 0.8 20 12.50
Over 650mm - 850 mm incl. 4.0 0.8 20 12.50
Over 850mm - 1200 mm incl. 4.8 0.8 20 12.50

Straightness tolerance - ASTM A999M-04a section 16

1. All - the finished pipe shall be reasonably straight
2. For metal-arc welded pipe, the maximum deviation shall be 3.2 mm measured from a 3 m straight edge, where
both ends are in contact with the pipe
Ovality
Included in the tolerances for specified O.D. except thin wall pipes (wt 3% or less of O.D.) where ovality is not to
exceed 1.5% of the specfied O.D.

Welded pipe - specified single and double welds

Welded pipe ≤ 350 NB shall have a single longitudinal weld.
Welded pipe > 350 NB shall have a single longitudinal weld OR two longitudinal welds where formed from plate.
Note: The weld area for sizes ≥ 350 NB can be higher than the surface on the O.D. & I.D. subject to depth of the weld. This
may affect surface finish and roundness, particulary on pipe with 2 welds. Forming from plate, the weld area can be fairly wide
and flat, generally not suitable for decorative or close fit uses.

Surface finish Weight calculation formula:

Surface imperfections such as handling marks, Wpe = weight to nearest 0.01kg in kg/m
straightening marks, mandrel and die marks, shallow D = specified O.D. to nearest 0.1mm up to 406.4 mm
and to nearest 1.0 mm for larger sizes.
surface pits, or scale pattern are not considered
t = specified wall thickness to the nearest 0.01 mm
defects if they are removable within the wall thickness
tolerance or 0.1 mm, whichever is greater. Min. wall calculation formula: tn x 0.875 = tm
tn = nominal (average) wall in mm rounded to 1
See page 269.
decimal place
Dimensions and weights tm = min. wall in mm rounded to 1 decimal place
Metric sizes based on 1 in. = 25.4mm
Weights based steel plain end pipe 1 lb/ft = 1.4895 kg/m
Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel wall thickness designation comparison
Like schedule numbers with same nominal wall thickness Size range inclusive
Sch 10S & Sch 10 same wall thickness to 200 NB
Sch 40S , Sch 40 and Standard Weight (STD ) same wall thickness to 250 NB
Sch 80S , Sch 80 and Extra Strong (XS) same wall thickness to 200 NB
Sch 80S and Extra Strong (XS) same wall thickness to 600 NB
Sch 160 and Sch 160 (SS sizes based carbon steel standard) same wall thickness, limited avail in SS
Double Extra Strong (XXS) carbon steel only
Non standard sizes of stainless steel pipe can be produced in seamless or welded for most carbon steel dimensions, subject to minimum quantities, and production lead times.

59
Pipe

Carbon steel welded and seamless pipe

Seamless and welded carbon steel pipe acc. to ASTM specifications,
e.g. ASTM A106, ASTM A53, API 5L line pipe

Nominal dimensions and weights acc. to carbon steel Standard ASME B36.10M-04
(Theoretical ID included for reference - all dimensions are subject to tolerances nominated in relevant specifications)

Nom Pipe Nom Sch 10 Sch 20 Sch 30 Sch 40 Sch STD WEIGHT Sch 60
Size
NB NPS O.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t I.D.
mm inch mm mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m
6 1/8 10.29 1.24 7.80 0.28 - - - 1.45 7.39 0.32 1.73 6.83 0.37 1.73 6.83 0.37 - - -
8 1/4 13.72 1.65 10.4 0.49 - - - 1.85 10.0 0.54 2.24 9.2 0.63 2.24 9.2 0.63 - - -
10 3/8 17.15 1.65 13.8 0.63 - - - 1.85 13.4 0.70 2.31 12.5 0.84 2.31 12.5 0.84 - - -
15 1/2 21.34 2.11 17.1 1.00 - - - 2.41 16.5 1.12 2.77 15.8 1.27 2.77 15.8 1.27 - - -
20 3/4 26.67 2.11 22.5 1.28 - - - 2.41 21.9 1.44 2.87 20.9 1.69 2.87 20.9 1.69 - - -
25 1 33.40 2.77 27.9 2.09 - - - 2.90 27.6 2.18 3.38 26.6 2.50 3.38 26.6 2.50 - - -
32 1.1/4 42.16 2.77 36.6 2.69 - - - 2.97 36.2 2.87 3.56 35.1 3.39 3.56 35.1 3.39 - - -
40 1.1/2 48.26 2.77 42.7 3.11 - - - 3.18 41.9 3.53 3.68 40.9 4.05 3.68 40.9 4.05 - - -
50 2 60.33 2.77 54.8 3.93 - - - 3.18 54.0 4.48 3.91 52.5 5.44 3.91 52.5 5.44 - - -
65 2.1/2 73.03 3.05 66.9 5.26 - - - 4.78 63.5 8.04 5.16 62.7 8.63 5.16 62.7 8.63 - - -
80 3 88.90 3.05 82.8 6.46 - - - 4.78 79.3 9.92 5.49 77.9 11.29 5.49 77.9 11.29 - - -
90 3.1/2 101.60 3.05 95.5 7.41 - - - 4.78 92.0 11.41 5.74 90.1 13.57 5.74 90.1 13.57 - - -
100 4 114.30 3.05 108.2 8.37 - - - 4.78 104.7 12.91 6.02 102.3 16.08 6.02 102.3 16.08 - - -
125 5 141.30 3.40 134.5 11.56 - - - - - - 6.55 128.2 21.77 6.55 128.2 21.77 - - -
150 6 168.28 3.40 161.5 13.83 - - - - - - 7.11 154.1 28.26 7.11 154.1 28.26 - - -
200 8 219.08 3.76 211.6 19.97 6.35 187.3 33.32 7.04 205.0 36.82 8.18 202.7 42.55 8.18 202.7 42.55 - - -
250 10 273.05 4.19 264.7 27.78 6.35 237.3 41.76 7.80 257.5 51.01 9.27 254.5 60.29 9.27 254.5 60.29 12.70 248 81.53
300 12 323.85 4.57 314.7 35.98 6.35 287.3 49.71 8.38 307.1 65.19 10.31 303.2 79.71 9.53 304.8 73.86 14.27 295 108.93
350 14 355.6 6.35 343 55 7.92 334 68 9.53 337 81 11.13 333 95 9.53 337 81 15.09 325 127
400 16 406.4 6.35 394 63 7.92 384 78 9.53 387 93 12.7 381 123 9.53 387 93 16.66 373 160
450 18 457.2 6.35 445 71 7.92 434 88 11.13 435 122 14.27 429 156 9.53 438 105 19.05 419 206
500 20 508.0 6.35 495 79 9.53 481 117 12.70 483 155 15.09 478 183 9.53 489 117 20.62 467 248
550 22 558.8 6.35 546 87 9.53 531 129 12.70 533 171 - - - 9.53 540 129 22.23 514 294
600 24 609.6 6.35 597 95 9.53 581 141 14.27 581 210 17.48 575 255 9.53 591 141 24.61 560 355
650 26 660.4 7.92 645 127 12.70 625 203 - - - - - - 9.53 641 153
700 28 711.2 7.92 695 137 12.70 675 219 15.88 679 272 - - - 9.53 692 165
750 30 762.0 7.92 746 147 12.70 725 235 15.88 730 292 - - - 9.53 743 180
800 32 812.8 7.92 797 157 12.70 775 251 15.88 781 312 17.48 778 343 9.53 794 189
850 34 863.6 7.92 848 167 12.70 825 267 15.88 832 332 17.48 829 365 9.53 845 201
900 36 914.4 7.92 899 177 12.70 875 282 15.88 883 352 19.05 876 420 9.53 895 213
950 38 965 7.92 949 187 17.48 930 408 9.53 946 225
1000 40 1016 7.92 1000 197 17.48 981 430 9.53 997 237
1050 42 1067 11.13 1045 290 17.48 1032 452 9.53 1048 249
1100 44 1118 11.13 1096 304 17.48 1083 482 9.53 1099 261
1150 46 1168 11.13 1146 318 17.48 1133 504 9.53 1149 272
1200 48 1219 11.13 1197 352 17.48 1184 526 9.53 1200 284
1300 52 1321 11.13 1299 360
1350 54 1372 11.13 1350 379
1400 56 1422 11.13 1400 393
1500 60 1524 11.13 1502 422
1600 64 1626 11.13 1604 450
1700 68 1727 11.13 1705 478
1800 72 1829 11.13 1807 507
1900 76 1930 11.13 1908 535
2000 80 2032 11.13 2010 563

= Equivalent stainless steel dimensions for quick comparison to carbon steel sizes av w.t. = average wall thickness

60
 Pipe

Carbon steel welded and seamless pipe

*ASME B36.10M-04 does not include Sch 160 or XXS wall thickness for 6 NB, 8 NB and 10 NB.
For reference these non standard thicknesses are listed acc. to Forged Fitting Standard ASME B16.11-09 Table 8

Nom Pipe Nom SCH XS SCH 80 SCH 100 SCH 120 SCH 140 SCH 160 SCH XXS
Size
NB NPS O.D. av w.t I.D. av I.D. av I.D. av I.D. av I.D. av w.t I.D. av I.D.
w.t w.t w.t w.t w.t
mm inch mm mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m
6 1/8 10.29 2.41 5.46 0.47 2.41 5.46 0.47 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
8 1/4 13.72 3.02 7.7 0.80 3.02 7.67 0.80 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
10 3/8 17.15 3.20 10.7 1.10 3.20 10.74 1.10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
15 1/2 21.34 3.73 13.9 1.62 3.73 13.87 1.62 - - - - - - - - - 4.78 7.59 1.95 7.47 2.21 2.55
20 3/4 26.67 3.91 18.8 2.20 3.91 18.85 2.20 - - - - - - - - - 5.56 10.21 2.90 7.82 5.69 3.64
25 1 33.40 4.55 24.3 3.24 4.55 24.31 3.24 - - - - - - - - - 6.35 13.97 4.24 9.09 8.48 5.45
32 1.1/4 42.16 4.85 32.5 4.47 4.85 32.46 4.47 - - - - - - - - - 6.35 20.70 5.61 9.70 14.00 7.77
40 1.1/2 48.26 5.08 38.1 5.41 5.08 38.10 5.41 - - - - - - - - - 7.14 27.89 7.25 10.15 21.86 9.55
50 2 60.33 5.54 49.3 7.48 5.54 49.25 7.48 - - - - - - - - - 8.74 30.78 11.11 11.07 26.11 13.44
65 2.1/2 73.03 7.01 59.0 11.41 7.01 59.00 11.41 - - - - - - - - - 9.53 41.28 14.92 14.02 32.28 20.39
80 3 88.90 7.62 73.7 15.27 7.62 73.66 15.27 - - - - - - - - - 11.13 50.77 21.35 15.24 42.55 27.68
90 3.1/2 101.60 8.08 85.4 18.64 8.08 85.45 18.64 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
100 4 114.30 8.56 97.2 22.32 8.56 97.18 22.32 - - - 11.13 79.3 28.32 - - - 13.49 74.63 33.54 17.12 67.36 41.03
125 5 141.30 9.53 122.3 30.97 9.53 122.25 30.97 - - - 12.70 88.9 40.28 - - - 15.88 82.55 49.12 19.05 76.20 57.43
150 6 168.28 10.97 146.3 42.56 10.97 146.33 42.56 - - - 14.27 112.8 54.21 - - - 18.26 104.78 67.57 21.95 97.41 79.22
200 8 219.08 12.7 193.7 64.64 12.70 193.68 64.64 15.09 138.1 75.92 18.26 131.8 90.44 20.62 127.0 100.93 23.01 122.25 111.27 22.23 123.83 107.93
250 10 273.05 12.7 247.7 81.53 15.09 242.87 95.98 18.26 182.6 114.71 21.44 176.2 133.01 25.40 168.3 155.10 28.58 161.93 172.27 25.40 168.28 155.10
300 12 323.85 12.7 298.5 97.44 17.48 288.90 132.05 21.44 230.2 159.87 25.40 222.3 186.92 28.58 215.9 208.08 33.32 206.40 238.69 25.40 222.25 186.92
350 14 355.6 12.7 330 107 19.05 318 158 23.83 276 195 27.79 268 225 31.75 260 254 35.71 252 282
400 16 406.4 12.7 381 123 21.44 364 204 26.19 303 246 30.96 294 287 36.53 283 333 40.49 275 365
450 18 457.2 12.7 432 139 23.83 410 255 29.36 348 310 34.93 337 364 39.67 327 408 45.24 316 459
500 20 508.0 12.7 483 155 26.19 456 311 32.54 392 382 38.10 381 442 44.45 368 508 50.01 357 565
550 22 558.8 12.7 533 171 28.58 502 374 34.93 438 451 41.28 425 527 47.63 413 601 53.98 400 672
600 24 609.6 12.7 584 187 30.96 548 442 38.89 481 548 46.02 467 640 52.37 454 720 59.54 440 808
650 26 660.4 12.7 635 203 30.96 598 527
700 28 711.2 12.7 686 219 30.96 649 567
750 30 762.0 12.7 737 235 30.96 700 n/a
800 32 812.8 12.7 787 251 30.96 751 606
850 34 863.6 12.7 838 267 30.96 802 646
900 36 914.4 12.7 889 282
950 38 965 12.7 940 298
1000 40 1016 12.7 991 314
1050 42 1067 12.7 1042 330
1100 44 1118 12.7 1093 346
1150 46 1168 12.7 1143 362
1200 48 1219 12.7 1194 378
1300 52 1321 12.7 1296 410
1350 54 1372 12.7 1347 432
1400 56 1422 12.7 1397 448
1500 60 1524 12.7 1499 481
1600 64 1626 12.7 1601 513
1700 68 1727 12.7 1702 545
1800 72 1829 12.7 1804 577
1900 76 1930 12.7 1905 610
2000 80 2032 12.7 2007 642
= Equivalent stainless steel dimensions for quick comparison to carbon steel sizes

61
Pipe

Standards - tube, pipe and fittings

Standards make it possible for designers to easily specify a well-defined material for a given application – chemical
composition, size, properties, etc. The standards define the production route, what tests shall be performed, how
the testing shall be carried out and how the results shall be reported.
A brief description of common standards is given below.
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
MSS Manufacturer’s Standardisation Society
NACE National Association of Chemical Engineers (The Corrosion Society)
ISO International Organisation for Standardisation
EN Europäische Norm, i.e. European standard
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung
PED Pressure Equipment Directive
VdTüV Vereinigung der Technischen Ueberwachungsvereine
BS British Standard
UNS Unified Numbering System
AS Australian Standard

ASME ASTM/ASME (cont.)

B16.47 Large diameter flanges 26” to 60” NB
B16.5 Pipe flanges and flanged fittings as per
ASTM
B16.9 Factory-made wrought buttwelding
fittings as per ASTM such as 90 / 180 deg
long radius and short radius elbows tees,
crosses, reducing fittings, caps and stub
ends short length
B16.11 Forged fittings, socket-welding and
threaded as per ASTM
B16.25 Buttwelding ends
B16.28 Wrought steel buttwelding short radius
elbows and returns as per ASTM
B36.10 Welded and seamless wrought steel pipe
B36.19 Stainless steel pipe
ASTM/ASME
A182 Stainless steel forged flanges, fittings and
valves
A213 Seamless ferritic and austentitic alloy steel
boiler, superheater and heat exchanger
tubes.
A249 Welded austenitic steel boiler, superheater,
and heat exchanger tubes
A262 Intergranular corrosion tests
A268 Seamless and welded ferritic and
martensitic stainless steel tubing for
general service
A269 Seamless and welded austenitic stainless
steel tubing for general service
A312 Welded pipes without filler metal and
seamless pipes for general applications
A358 Electric fusion welded austenitic
chromium-nickel alloy steel pipe for high
temperature service
A403 Wrought austenitic stainless steel fittings
A409 Welded large diameter austenitic steel
pipe for corrosive or high temperature
service
A511 Seamless stainless steel mechanical tubing
A554 Welded stainless steel mechanical tubing
A632 Seamless and welded austenitic stainless
steel tubing (small diameter) for general
service
A731 Seamless and welded ferritic and
martensitic stainless steel pipe
A789 Seamless and welded ferritic/austentic
stainless steel tubing for general service

62

Standards - tube, pipe and fittings
ASTM/ASME (cont.)
A790 Seamless and welded ferritic/austenitic
stainless steel pipe
A815 Wrought ferritic, ferritic/austenitic and
martensitic stainless steel fittings
A928 Ferritic/austenitic (duplex) stainless steel
pipe electric fusion welded with addition
of filler metal
A999 Standard specification for alloy and
stainless steel pipe
A1016 General requirements for ferritic alloy
steel, austenitic alloy steel, and stainless
steel tubes
B366 Factory-made wrought nickel and nickel
alloy fittings
AS
AS 1528.1 Tubes stainless steel for the food industry
AS 1528.2 Screwed couplings stainless steel for the
food industry
AS 1528.3 Butt weld stainless steel tube fittings for
the food industry
AS 2129 Table flanges (derived from British
Standard BS10 - 1962, withdrawn 1970)
AS4087 Metallic flanges for waterworks purposes
BS
3799 Steel pipe fittings, screwed and socket-
welding
DIN
2501 Flange dimensions PN6 - 320
2527 Blind Flanges PN 6 - 100
2576 Plain welding flanges PN 10
2605 Elbows
2615 Tees
2616 Reducers
2617 Caps
2632 Welding neck flanges PN 10
2633 Welding neck flanges PN 16
2635 Welding neck flanges PN 40
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Pipe
2642 Collar rings and flanges PN 10
17457 Welded round austenitic stainless steel
tubes
17458 Seamless steel tubes for pressure
purposes – technical delivery conditions
EN
1092-1 PN based flanges and their joints
10204 Types of inspection documents
10217-7 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes
– technical delivery conditions
10216-5 Seamless steel tubes for pressure
purposes – technical delivery conditions
ISO
1127 Dimensions, tolerances and weights of
stainless steel tubes
MSS
SP-25 Standard marking system for ASTM
fittings, flanges, unions and valves
SP-43 Wrought stainless steel butt-welding
fittings
SP-83 Class 3000 steel pipe unions, socket
welding and threaded
SP-97 Integrally reinforced forged branch
outlet fittings – socket-welding, threaded
and buttwelding ends
NACE
MR0175 Standard Material Requirements. Metals
for sulfide stress cracking and stress
corrosion cracking resistance in sour
oilfield environments
PED
97/23/EC In force since 29th May 2002. PED
refers to EN standards. Many times
however it is also requested for ASME
products. Therefore we buy ASME
products from PED approved producers.
Pipe

Seamless tube and pipe manufacture

Hot-finished tube and pipe

Extrusion Extrusion of composite tubes

Billet in loading position Billet ready for extrusion Extrusion

Outer component
Container Die
Components
combined into a billet
Stem Glass film

Glass
disc

Mandrel Billet
1200°C
Lining Inner component
The ends are cut off to obtain the
Extrusion in progress Extrusion completed same layer thickness along the whole length
Cutting

3 - 5 m/s The principle for extrusion of composite tubes

Extrusion principle

Cold-finished tube and pipe

Cold pilgering Cold drawing

Starting position

Starting material = an extruded tube Position with tapered groove

Die Die
Grip Grip
Mandrel bar Tapered mandrel

Stand
Tube,
cold-rolled to
requested
dimension
Floating
plug
Principle for cold drawing by sinking Principle for cold drawing on a floating plug

Position at
end of stroke

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 Pipe

Welded tube and pipe manufacture

Strip welding of tube and pipe

Principle for strip welding of tubes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Strip decoiler 5 Bead rolling 9 In-line heat treatment

2 Strip magazine 6 Grinding 10 Cutting
3 Forming into slotted tubes 7 Calibration
4 Welding 8 Eddy-current testing

Plate welding of tube and pipe

Principle for plate welding of tube and pipe

Sheet or plate Forming into slotted tubes Welding Grinding

Finishing of non heat-treated material

Cutting Calibration Pickling Inspection and stenciling

Finishing of heat-treated material

Heat treatment Pickling Calibration Straightening

Cutting Hydrostatic testing Radiography Pickling Inspection and stenciling

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Pipe

Standards for testing of material

Seamless tube, pipe and hollow bar
Steel grade Sandvik / ASTM TP / UNS
Tube and pipe 3R12 3R60 6R35 5R75 SAF 2205 SAF 2507
304L 316L 321 S31803 S32750
Hydraulic tubing SS 219711 1) ASTM DIN 17458 10) ASTM A789
DIN 17458 10) A213-AW, TC1 PED 97/23/EC
TC1 A269 PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1 EN10216-5 TC1
NFA 49–117 A632
PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1
Instrumentation ASTM, A213-AW
tube A269
Imperial sizes A632
PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1

Sizes acc. to 3R65 2)

ANSI B36.19 ASTM A312 3) ASTM A312 3) ASTM A790 11)
NFA 49-117 4)

Metric sizes SS 2197111) DIN 17458, TC1 10)

DIN 17458 10) PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1
TC1
NFA 49 -117 AD-W2, DIN 17458
PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1 PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1

Hollow bar Sanmac 304L Sanmac 4571 Sanmac SAF 2205

Sanmac 316L DIN 17456 6) Data sheet13)
Data sheet 5) Data sheet 5) PED 97/23/EC
NFA 49-317 12) PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC16)
DIN 17456, DIN 17458 PK1 6) EN10216-5
PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1 6) TC16)

Steel grade Sandvik / TP / UNS

Tube and pipe 2RK65 Sanicro 28 4C54 7RE10 253 MA 353 MA Sanicro 31HT
N08904 N08028 446-1 S31008/S31009 S30815 S35315 N08811/N08810
Instrumentation ASTM A269 ASTM B668
tube PED 97/23/EC PED 97/23/EC
Imperial sizes EN10216-5 TC1 EN10216-5 TC1

Sizes acc. to
ASTM A312 ASTM B668
ANSI B36.19
Tube and pipe ASTM A268 ASTM A312, ASTM A312 ASTM A312 ASTM B407 8)
for high DIN17458, PK 1
NFA 49-117
temperatures
1) SS 219711, condition 22, e.g. 3R12 = SS 2352-22 8) Hot worked tolerances ASTM A999
2) 3R65 = TP 316L (S31603) 10) Incl. IC test acc. to DIN 50914 (EN ISO 3651-2 Method A)
3) Incl. IC = Intergranular Corrosion test acc. to ASTM A 262 Pr.E 11) Incl. corrosion test acc. to ASTM G-48 Method A
NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156 12) IC-test in delivery condition
4) Tolerances and leak test acc. to ASTM A312/A999 13) Heat analysis and mechanical properties acc. to data sheet. Corrosion test
5) Heat analysis and tensile strength. IC test in delivery condition acc. to ASTM G 48, Method A. Impact test (t ≥ 6mm).
6) The leakage test is deferred to the finished component. IC-test in delivery condition Micrographic test (400X) NACE MRO175 / ISO 15156-1:2001

Tolerances according to EN ISO 1127

Outside diameter
Classes Tolerances
D1 ±1,5%, but min. ±0.75 mm
D2 ±1,0%, but min. ±0.5 mm
D3 ±0,75%, but min. ±0.3 mm
D4 ±0,50%, but min. ±0.1 mm
1) Not in EN ISO 1127
Wall thickness
Classes Tolerances
T0 ±20%, but min. ±1 mm) 1)
T1 ±15%, but min. ±0.6 mm
T2 ±12.5%, but min. ±0.4 mm
T3 ±10%, but min. ±0.2 mm
T4 ±7.5%, but min. ±0.15mm
T5 ±5%, but min. ±0.1 mm

66