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ABSTRACT

Lakes or Wetlands named in international level are called as Tanks

in Tamil Nadu. Lakes are the important water resources which support
millions of people, but due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, many
thousands of lakes adjacent to urban center have already been closed and
polluted. The lakes are spread all over Tamil Nadu and they were created not
only for irrigation but also for flood control, domestic use, ground water
recharging but also to enrich the local bio diversity and to improve the
livelihood of people.This present work discusses on the present scenario of
the lakes, and the remedial measures to preserve these historically pride lakes
by adopting some new concepts Bio remediation, Bio Ozolyte and Bio
Engineering process. These methodologies are divided in to Structural and
Non Structural components. The main objectives are 1) to increase the storage
capacity of lakes, 2) to improve the water quality of lakes 3) to improve the
bio diversity of lakes and 4) to make sustainable plan for management of
lakes after restoration.

The structural components like eviction of encroachments, desilting

to increase the storage capacity, strengthening and widening of bunds and
repair of weirs and sluices play critical role in the action plan. The Non
Structural components like management of water weeds, treatment of waste
water and water spread area, management of solid wastes and debris and
creating public awareness, training etc are also important. For this purpose
urban, semi urban lakes, industrial area lakes, rural lakes and their supply
channels from Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Vellore, Dindigul and Nilgris districts
were selected. Along with physical survey and secondary data collection from
concerned departments, analysis of physico chemical biological parameters of
waste water of supply channels and lake water as well as treatment of waste
water using Bio Ozolyte, Bio Ozone and Bio Engineering methods were tried.
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From the results it was observed that 45 % to 90% percentage of reduction in

colour, electrical conductivity (EC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),
chemical oxygen demand (COD),total dissolved solids(TDS),total suspended
solids (TSS) and E.coli values. The Bio Ozolyte treatment method is a
combination of three or four technology helps to reduce the retention time
using the microbes and the disinfection agents like Ozone gas and new
Russian’s Anolyte liquid along with filtration, so the land area and power
requirement is reduced considerably. This reduces the capital cost as well as
maintenance cost.

A Mathematical modelling was developed for formation of islands

using desilted earth to avoid the conveyance cost and legal problems
involving in the present socio environment political situation. Indigenous
trees could be grown over the Islands so that bio diversity of lakes shall be
improved. For treating the water spread area a novel technology application of
a rich nutrient liquid called as “Nualgi” in to lakes was implemented as real
size study. From the results it was noticed that the dissolved oxygen level
were improved from 3mg/l to 7 mg/l at surface level and 0 mg/l to 4 mg at
bottom level of the lake. Plankton especially the populations of zoo plankton
study in few lakes were useful to know the health status of those lakes.
Hundreds of birds and plants were identified in the lakes water spread area
undertaken for this research which established the rich bio diversity.

In short the New Bio Ozolyte is found suitable to treat the waste
water in supply channel and Nualgi is suitable for water spread area of the
lakes. Formation of islands using the mathematical model will useful to
reduce the cost and to solve all social and environmental problems.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my great pleasure to express my sincere thanks to my Supervisor

Dr.K.Subramanian, Principal & Professor of Civil Engineering, PSR Engineering
College , Sivakasi for his highly Precious guidance.

I express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr.G.Sankarasubramanian, Professor

and Head of the Department, Department of Civil Engineering, PSG College of
Technology Coimbatore for his priceless counsel during the study time. I am obliged to
string my words of gratitude to Dr.B.G.Vishnuram, Professor of Civil Engineering in
Aheliya School of Engineering and Technology , Palakad for his pricey navigation and
motivation during the research period. An avalanche of indebtedness to Dr.N.Ezhili,
Professor and Head of the department zoology, PSG Krishnammal women’s College,
Coimbatore for her invaluable guidance on the research on plankton study. The
Technicians Mr.Prakash, and Mr.Anand who helped a lot during all my pilot project
research works, deserve an exorbitant acknowledgement. I also place my gratitude to Mr.
Duraisamy PWD Special drafting officer and other team members for their tireless help
during report writing.

I thank the alpha Lab chairman Mr.Joseph, and his team mates for their untiring
support in doing analysis of all water & soil samples. I place my thank to
Mr.Manikandan and Mr. Manish Kumar who helped a lot in this research on
planktons study. Thanks a heap to Dr.Nithya Jeniffer Assistant Professor Department of
Zoology in Kongu Nadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore for having volunteered
the editing work in this study.My heartful thank to Dr.I.K.Subramaniam for his
motivation and help in fine tuning the report. I owe my humble gratitude to my sisters,
brothers, relatives and family friends for their Co-Operation completed with patience and
support during this study. I would like to offer my thanks to my loving parents late
Mr.C.D. Rajan, and late Mrs.Lakshmi, to my wife Mrs.Geetha,to my children
I. Ezhilan, I. Adithyan, I. Athira (Daughter) and S. Sneha (Daughter in law) for their
sacrifice, patience, co-operation, support during the entire period of this work without
which this mission would not have been accomplished.

ILANGOVAN R