Unmanned aerial vehicle

(Drone)
 DRONE
A drone is an aerial vehicle that flies unmanned. There are drones of various sizes and for different purposes. However,
it is important to indicate that this type of machine has existed for a long time, despite the fact that it was somewhat
expensive to manufacture and that it did not have the current characteristics.

The most outstanding feature of a drone is that its flight is controlled by remote control, although there are some that
are driven through software intervention and not directly by a pilot from the ground. Drones can be of two types: those
that resemble an airplane and those that resemble a helicopter, which can be kept statically in the air.
These artifacts have their origin in the military context, since it was there that this type of aerial robot with cameras, GPS
and all kinds of sensors was designed, to be used as a weapon, for combat or surveillance missions. However, currently
the use of these aircraft goes beyond seeking a warlike purpose, their sale and distribution is oriented towards various
uses, such as: in scientific studies, for taking photographs and videos, among others.

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 Drone parts
Frame, fuselage, chassis: It is the part of the aircraft where the
other components are housed.
Powertrain: is in charge of moving the aircraft and is made up
of engines and propellers
Batteries: they are responsible for autonomy and are currently
Li-Po, a bit dangerous and with little autonomy
Payment burden: is the set of elements in charge of carrying
out a specific job.
Sensors.
Cameras.
Gimbals.
 Ground station
Control screen: currently it is usually a Tablet
or phone and is operated through an APP.
Essential functions of the aircraft and the
camera are controlled.
Remote control, Joystick
 Types of Drones
1. Multi Rotor Drones
2. Fixed Wing Drones
3. Single Rotor Helicopter
4. Fixed Wing Hybrid VTOL
 Multi Rotor Drones
Different types of products are available in this segment in the market –
say multi-rotor drones for professional uses like aerial photography
(whose price may range from 500USD to 3K USD) and there are lots of
variants for hobby purposes like amateur drone racing, or leisure flying
(price range from 50USD to 400USD). Out of all the 4 drone types
(based on aerial platform), multi-rotor drones are the easiest to
manufacture and they are the cheapest option available as well.
Fixed Wing Drones
• Fixed Wing drones are entirely different in design and build to multi-
rotor type drones. They use a ‘wing’ like the normal airplanes out
there. Unlike multi-rotor drones, fixed wing type models never utilize
energy to stay afloat on air (fixed wing types can’t stand still on the
air) fighting gravity. Instead, they move forward on their set course or
as set by the guide control (possibly a remote unit operated by a
human) as long as their energy source permits.
 Single Rotor Dones
• Single rotor drones look very similar in design & structure to actual helicopters.
Unlike a multi rotor drone, a single roter model has just one big sized rotor plus a
small sized one on the tail of the drone to control its heading. Single rotor drones
are much efficient than multi rotor versions. They have higher flying times and can
even be powered by gas engines. In aerodynamics, the lower the count of rotors
the lesser will be the spin of the object. And that’s the big reason why
quadcopters are more stable than
octocopters. In that sense, single rotor
drones are much efficient than multi-rotor
drones.
Hybrid VTOL
• These are hybrid versions combining the benefits of Fixed wing
models (higher flying time) with that of rotor based models (hover).
This concept has been tested from around 1960’s without much
success. However, with the advent of new generation sensors (gyros
and accelerometers), this concept has got some new life and
direction.
 Drone uses
• Aerial photography for journalism and film
• Express shipping and delivery
• Gathering information or supplying essentials for
disaster management
• Thermal sensor drones for search and rescue
operations
• Geographic mapping of inaccessible terrain and
locations
• Building safety inspections
• Precision crop monitoring
• Unmanned cargo transport
• Law enforcement and border control surveillance
• Storm tracking and forecasting hurricanes and
tornadoes
 Drone photogrammetry
• Elaboration of maps (sedimentological,
mineralogical, geophysical, maps in general)
• Topography
• Surveying
• Photogrammetry
• Risk control
• Exploration progress
• Study of vegetation, health and impact of activities
• Environmental impact
• Water resources
• Community land use studies
• Land use assessment
• Processes for monitoring development activities
Plug and play technology
Drone sensors
Drone Cameras
Drone implements