Assignment 2 : Construction Detailing of Building Elements

(CONSTRUCTION PROCESS)
Tutor : Azim Sulaiman
Group Members (Student ID) : Chee Yee Chenn, Vano (0336412)
Jaden Lim Kai Jie (0337132)
Jane Yong Sin Yii (0338792)
Liew Ai Sean (0342854)
Nur Aqilah binti Zamzuri (0336342)
Sophy Chin Raman (0337043)
Tang Qing Yang (0335553)
Tay Pei Yin, Paige (0336726)
 I. After the concrete is dry, remove the cast and connect the timber columns of the building to the
3 concrete footing using an iron U screw
II. Ensuring there is a layer of damp proof membrane in between the timber column and concrete
footing

Timber Column
(100x100mm)

Concrete I. Create a cast using wood and

Footing 2.5
lay the steel bracing in the
excavated area

II. Pour in the mixed concrete into

all the casted areas

Timber Cast
(300x300mm)

I. Excavation shall be measured and start on existing ground level.

II. Excavate the soil of the ground for the concrete footing with the correct
1
measurement and levels

I. Land surveyor will analyse the quality of the soil to identify the type of foundation.

II. Clearing all general vegetation, tall grass, thatch grass, creepers, shrubs, bushes
and rubbish

III. Then mark out the foundation of the building using the plan drawing on the ground
Soil
and use a leveler and string to ensure all the placement of the foundation is
straight and leveled.
5 I. Mark out the location of the position of the joist with minimum 400mm apart from each other
II. Roughly lay out the timber joists and other components at their position ready to nail in the
joist
III. Install Joist perpendicular to the beams to strengthen the support, then nail in the joist to their
placement and continue until the end

Timber Joist

I. Roughly lay out the timber beams and other components ready to connect
the timber columns
II. Install beams connecting the timber columns horizontally and secure them
4 using steel U brackets
III. Ensure all the timber beams are leveled

Timber Beams

I. The timber joist are not long enough to connect

4.5
through the entire building, so shorter joist is used
overlap each other on top of the timber beams
II. The overlap timber joist will be nailed together to
secure its place

Timber Joist

Timber Beams
7
Timber Planks

I. Starting from the corner of the joist, apply a

generous amount of adhesive on the top surface
Building wrap of the joists the place the plywood sheets on it
(Waterproofing) as this acts as a sheathing.
II. Or nail the sheathing onto the joists instead of
Plywood Sheets using adhesives
(Subfloor/Sheathing)
III. Hammer in the sheading to the sides to ensure
that there are no gaps
6
IV. Lay and secure the waterproofing sheet on the
entire floor base using nails
V. On top of that, place the timber planks. Again,
Hammer in the sheading to the sides to ensure
that there are no gaps in between
 I. Plywood sheathing is nailed onto the floor trusses
10 II. The sheathing act as a subfloor that serves as the foundation and structural
reinforcement for the floor.

I. Prefabricated Parallel-chord Floor Trusses that is custom made for this house
are installed
II. The advantage to using trusses instead of sawn wood or I-joists is that ducting,
plumbing, and electric wires can simply be strung through the open webs.

Steps To Raise And Secure The Wall

8.5
1. Lift the wall, push up and 2. As the wall gets close to
move one hand over the other vertical, grab the studs to keep
9 as you walk forward. the wall from going too far.

3. With the wall upright, check

that it is on the layout line.

6. Nail braces to the top of the wall

8 and to scraps of wood on the deck.

7. Nail or screw the

scrap of 2x4 to the
floor.

4. Adjust the wall

into position with a
sledgehammer.

I. Wall Frame of
ground floor is
installed 8. Place the braces every 10 ft. or
5. Attach the
bottom plate. so along the wall.
13
I. Plywood sheathing is nailed onto the top of the first floor wall frame.
II. The sheathing act as the foundation and structural reinforcement for the
roof and roof trusses.

12

I. First floor wall frame is installed

II. Floor joist for balcony is framed
Headers

Building the opening on a wall frame

I. Install the king studs
II. Drop the headers into the place between the
King Stud king studs
III. Fit the trimmers under the header. Nail them to
Trimmers the king studs and nail the bottom plate into
11 the bottom end of the trimmer
Cripple IV. Install a cripple at all the locations already laid
House Wrap
(Waterproofing) out on the plate.

I. Ground floor wall frame (interior and exterior) is covered with plywood
sheathing
○ The sheathings mainly function to form a surface onto which other materials
can be applied
II. The exterior of the wall frame covered with plywood sheathing is then
covered with house wrap
○
House wrap functions as a weather-resistant barrier, preventing rain from
getting into the wall assembly while allowing water vapor to pass to the
Plywood Sheathing exterior.
 Roof Construction Process
15
1. Assemble trusses and ledger
- If trusses are used, they should be assembled in a workshop or at
the site on the ground. The ground must be perfectly even. To
ensure accuracy and uniformity a template should be used.
2. Combine it with the Plywood sheathing
- To achieve an even roof structure, the Plywood sheathing must be
Placement of wooden shingles laid in level and parallel to each other This should be checked with
a theodolite, spirit level or water tube, and by measuring the
diagonals.
3. Layer of the ridge piece and the PVC gutter
- Purlins will be used to assemble them together. The ridge beam is
fixed on an exact level and over the centre of the gable walls and
parallel to the Plywood sheathing. PVC gutter directs water to the
pipe to make sure the roof do not gather up the water.
4. Laying of rafters
- Rafters are joined to the wall plate, purlin and ridge beam. The
rafters should be slightly longer than required at the eaves and cut
to the correct length after fixing the battens and before fixing the
Installation of roof trusses eaves board.
5. Laying of battens
- The laying pattern of battens depends on the characteristics of the
cover material.The battens should place against the rafters.
6. Placement of roof finishes
14 - First install the bituminous eaves membrane. Next, install the
ventilating underlayment (Cedar Breather) over eaves membrane.
Finally, put on the wood shingles.

I. First floor wall frame (interior and exterior) is covered by plywood sheathing
II. The exterior of the wall frame covered by plywood sheathing is then covered
with house wrap

Wood decking for balcony is added

 I. Roof trusses is covered up with plywood sheathing
16 II. The roof trusses covered with plywood sheathing is then
covered with house wrap

Installment of doors and windows

Construction of main stairs by carpenter for the interior and

exterior of the house

Joists

landing

Stringer
extension

Fascia

Riser

Tread

Stringer

I. Calculate the total height of the stairs, total rise and the horizontal distance of the
stairs , total run.

II. The deck mounted to the stringers are either attached to the joists or to blocking
placed between joists.

III. Mark the tread notches using a framing square fitted with stair gauges. The brass
fixtures clamp onto the square as an accurate way to mark out identical notches.

IV. Lay the metal square on top of the stringer with the gauges pressed against the
board's edge and mark the tread and riser. Slide the square down along the
stringer, align it with the previously drawn notch, and draw the next one.

V. Continue to do this for the rest of the stringer.

VI. The stairs should rest on a concrete slab if its on the ground to make sure the
moisture doesn’t damage the wood.

VII. After setting the stringers in place, lay a level across all of the stringers to make
sure each step is level.

VIII. Cut the risers to length. Fasten each riser them to the stringers with trim-head
decking screws
17

Construction of the roof for the side entrance.

Installation of timber planks for the exterior, interior walls and

the flooring of the house

Fence are built for stairs and balcony

THE HOUSE IS NOW

COMPLETE