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ISBN: 978-9937-601-29-0

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cf+lzs efu x'ax' k|sfzg ug{, kl/jt{g u/]/ k|sfzg ug{, s'g} ljb\ot' Lo ;fwg jf
cGo k|ljlwaf6 clen]vab\w ug{ / k|ltlnlk lgsfNg] kfOg] 5}g .
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lzIffnfO{ pb\bZ] od"ns, Jofjxfl/s, ;d;fdlos / /f]huf/d"ns agfpg ljleGg ;dodf kf7\oj|md,
kf7\o k':ts ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO“b} cfPsf] 5 . ljb\ofyL{df /fi6«, /fli6«o
Pstf / nf]stflGqs ;+:sf/sf] efjgf k}bf u/fO{ g}ltsjfg\, cg'zfl;t / :jfjnDaL, l;h{gzLn,
lrGtgzLn eO{ ;dfj]zL ;dfh lgdf{0fdf of]ubfg lbg ;Sg], eflifs tyf ul0ftLo l;ksf ;fy} lj1fg,
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw, jftfj/0f, :jf:Yo / hg;ª\Vof ;DaGwL 1fg / hLjgf]kof]uL l;ksf] ljsf;
u/fpg' h?/L 5 . pgLx¿df snf / ;f}Gbo{, dfgjLo d"No dfGotf, cfbz{ / j}lzi6\ox¿sf] ;+/If0f
tyf ;+jw{gk|ltsf] efj hufpg cfjZos 5 . ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg
pgLx¿df ljleGg hfthflt, lnª\u, ckfª\utf, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt / If]qk|lt ;defj hufpg' / dfgj
clwsf/ tyf ;dflhs d"No dfGotfk|lt ;r]t eO{ lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ cfr/0fsf] ljsf; u/fpg' klg

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lzIff ;DaGwL ljleGg cfof]usf ;'emfj, lzIfs, ljb\ofyL{ tyf cleefjsnufot lzIff;“u ;Dab\w
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kf7\o k':tssf] ljifo j:t' ;Dkfbg /hgL lwdfn / efiff ;Dkfbg lrgfs'df/L lg/f}nfaf6, lrqfª\sg
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sfo{df ;+nUg ;a}kl| t kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| wGojfb k|s6 ub{5 .

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kf7\o k':tsnfO{ lzIf0f l;sfOsf] dxTTjk"0f{ ;fwgsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . o;af6 ljb\ofyL{n] kf7\oj|mdåf/f
nlIft ;Ifdtf xfl;n ug{ dbt k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o; kf7\o k':tsnfO{ ;s];Dd lj|mofsnfkd'vL
/ ?lrs/ agfpg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 . kf7\o k':tsnfO{ ce}m kl/is[t kfg{sf nflu lzIfs, ljb\ofyL{,
cleefjs, a'bl\ whLjL Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ kf7sx¿sf] ;d]t dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] x'b“ f ;Dab\w ;a}sf]
/rgfTds ;'emfjsf nflu kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .

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lx“8g\ k' Yof]{ . ToxL ufp“df Pp6L a'l9of /xlGyg\ . pgsf] gfd sNkntf lyof] . kl/jf/df pgsf d]xgtL
klt / Ps dfq 5f]/f lyP . pgLx¿ x“l;nf, ldng;f/ / ;xof]uL lyP .
@= Ps lbg sNkntfsf klt 3f“; sf6\g jg uPsf lyP . Toxf“ ?vdf r9]/ 8fn] 3f“; emfg{ nfUbf
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cs:dft\ uf]8f lrlKnP/ pgL e'Od“ f v;] . ?vaf6 v:bf e'Os “ f 9'ªu\ fdf ahfl/Psfn] pgL a]xf];
eP . w]/} a]/;Dd 3/ gkms]k{ l5 3/sf dflg; / ;a} ufp“n] ldn]/ pgsf] vf]hL u/] . pgLx¿n]
ltgnfO{ cr]t cj:yfdf km]nf kf/] . pgsf] d'vaf6 /ut alu/x]sf] lyof] . pgLx¿n] a'9fnfO{
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af]s/] 3/ nu] . 3/ nu]sf] s]xL ;dokl5 sNkntfsf kltsf] d[To' eof] . kltsf] d[To'n] pgnfO{
w]/} b'MvL agfof] . pgL / 5f]/f] 3G6f};“ Dd /f]P . pgLx¿sf] ?jfO / lanf}gf ;'g/] ufp“nx] ¿n]
klg cf“;' yfDg ;s]gg\ . a'9fsf] d]xgtL / ldng;f/ afgL ;De]m/ pgLx¿n] klg sNkntf /
5f]/f;“u} cfÇgf cf“;' emf/] .
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k9\g yfNof] . sNkntf cfÇgf] 3/wGbfdf Jo:t eOg\ . pgLx¿ lbg k|ltlbg pgsf] cg'kl:yltdf
klg hLjg ofkg ug{ cEo:t eP .
$= sNkntfsf] 5f]/f] k9fOdf /fd|f] lyof] . ;fyLx¿sf lardf klg pm plTts} lk|o lyof] . cfdfsf]
t pm cf“vfsf] gfgL g} lyof] . ;fdfGo ¿kdf lbg laTb} lyP . crfgs Ps lbg sNkntfsf]
5f]/f] ljb\ofnosf ;fyLx¿;“u vf]nfdf uof] . pm Toxf“ kf}8L v]Ng yfNof] . kf}8L v]Nbfv]Nb}
p;nfO{ vf]nfn] aufof] . p;sf ;fyLx¿ eg] ?“b} 3/ kms]{ . 5f]/fnfO{ vf]nfn] aufPsf] va/
;'g/] sNkntf 8f“sf] 5f]8L ?g yflng\ . æx] b}j ¤ ltdL slt lgb{oL /x]5f} ¤ d]/f >Ldfg\nfO{ t
vf]:of}, vf]:of} ¤ d]/f ;fydf ePsf] Pp6f 5f]/fnfO{ klg nUof} . d ca s;sf] d'v x]//]

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af“Rg] < ca a? dnfO{ klg n}hfpmÆ eGb} pgL cnfkljnfk u/]/ lg/Gt/ /f]O/lxg\ . pgn]
w]/} lbg;Dd vfgf klg vfOgg\ . ?“bf?“b} pgsf] z/L/ emg\ b'Anf] eof] . l5d]sLx¿n] pgnfO{

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lbg o;/L laTb} lyP . pgnfO{ ?3f /
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la:tf/} cfk"mnfO{ klg ;Demfp“b} nlug\ .

cflv/ h] eP klg af“Rg} kg]{ /x]5 /
dg]x{ ¿ kms]/{ cfpg] /x]g5g\ eGg] klg
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pgn] a'lemg\ . pgdf ca eg] af“Rg]

cfzf a9\b} uof] .
%= Ps lbg Pp6f s]6fn] ?vdf al;/x]sf] 9's/' nfO{ crfgs u'nn] Ln] xfGof] . p;n] xfg]sf]
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sNkntfn] o; 36gfnfO{ /fd|/L lgofln/x]sL lyOg\ . Tof] s]6f] pgnfO{ b]v/] 9's/' glnO{ 6fk
s:of] . pgL 9's/' sf] glhs uOg\ . Tof] kL8fn] 56k6fO/x]sf] lyof] . pgn] To;nfO{ 3/ nlug\
/ 3fpdf cf}ifwL nufOlbOg\ . sNkntfsf] :ofxf/ kfP/ 9's/' sf] v'66\ fsf] 3fp lj:tf/}
lgsf] x'g yfNof] . pm cln cln lx“8g\ / p8\g klg ;Sg] eof] . Tof] pgL;“u c;fWo} /lTtof] . Tof] slxn]
pgsf] xftdf, slxn] sf“wdf / slxn] 6fpsfdf a:Yof] . o;/L sNkntf / 9's/' 3lgi6
ldq eP .
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^= w]/} lbgkl5 Ps lbg laxfg 9's/' lk“9Laf6 e'/{ p8]/ 6f9f uof] . lbp“;f] Tof] 3/ kms]g{ . ;f“em
k¥of], emdSs /ft k¥of] . t}klg 9's/' kms]g{ . sNkntfnfO{ 9's/' stf uof], lsg cfPg eGg]
lrGtf nfUof] . csf]{ lbg klg 9's/' 3/ kms]g{ . pgL emg\ 7'nf] lk/df kl/g\ . ‘cflv/ d}nfO{ lsg
o:tf] x'G5 <’ pgn] dgdg} k|Zg ul/g\ . zfGt ePsf] pgsf] dg k'gM layf]lng k'Uof] .
&= dlxgf lbgkl5sf] Ps lbg Tof] 9's/' sNkntfsf 3/df 6'Kn'Ss cfOk'Uof] . 9's/' nfO{ b]Vgf;fy
pgsf cf“vf cf“;n' ] /;fP . 9's/' eg] cfk"mn] r'Rrfdf Rofk]/ NofPsf] cgf/sf] bfgf pgsf
3/sf] 9f]sfdf 5f8L km]l/ e'/{ p8]/ uof] . km]l/ kms]/{ cfp“5 ls eg]/ pgn] cfsfzlt/ x]l/g\
t/ 9's/' k'gM kms]/{ cfPg . To;n] 5f8]sf] cgf/sf] To; bfgfnfO{ eg] pgn] 3/ cufl8sf]

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af/Ldf ToxL lbg /f]lkg\ .
*= ef]lnkN6 laxfg sNkntfn]

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3/ cufl8 af/Ldf cgf/sf]
af]6 b]lvg\ . Ps /ftdf g}

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kmn]sf lyP . Tof] b]v/]

pgL 5Ss kl/g\ . of] s:tf]
rdTsf/ xf] ¤ ‘Tof] 9's/' n]
s:tf] crDdsf] cgf/sf]
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bfgf 5f]8/] uPsf] /x]5 ¤

d}n] p;nfO{ u/]sf] pkrf/sf]
abnfdf p;n] dnfO{ o:tf] u'g nufPsf] t xf]Og < d}n] nufPsf] u'geGbf t of] emg\ 7'nf] u'g
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eof] . d of] C0f ca s;/L lt/f}“ < p;nfO{ s;/L e]6g\ ] < p8\g] r/fsf] s] 7]ufg x'G5 / ¤’ pgsf
dgdf o:tf gfgf yl/sf s'/fx¿ v]Ng yfn] . pgL cgf/sf] af]6lt/ nflug\ . s:tf] /x]5 eg]/
ljrf/ ug{ pgn] Pp6f cgf/ l6lkg\ / To;nfO{ k'm6fP/ klg x]l/g\ . cgf/leq t lx/}lx/f kf]
/x]5 . tL lx/fx¿ rDs]sf] b]Vbf pgL x]/s ] f] x]¥o} eOg\ . x}g s] crDd xf] of] < ca d}n] o;
lx/fnfO{ s] ug]{ xf]nf < ‘efUo eP 8f]sfdf b'w b'x] klg cl8G5’ eg]sf] oxL kf] xf] ls ¤ cgf/sf]
af]6df lx/f kmNg] s'/f s;/L ;Dej eof] < wGo O{Zj/ ¤ gkTofpg' klg s;/L < cfÇg} xftdf
lx/f rlDs/x]s} 5 . pgn] 9's/' nfO{ d'/L d'/L wGojfb lbOg\ . pgn] cfÇgf xftel/ ePsf ;a}
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 lx/f kf]N6fdf /flvg\ . lx/f ;SsnL xf] ls xf]Og eg]/ km]l/ x]l/g\ . lx/f t emg\ emNemnfsf/
eP/ rlDsPsf] kf] b]lvg\ . pgL cToGt v';L eOg\ .
(= sNkntfn] cgf/df lx/f kmn]sf] b]vfpg l5d]sLnfO{ af]nfOg\ / kf]N6fdf ePsf] lx/f
b]vfOg\ . lx/f b]vk] l5 l5d]sLx¿ klg 5Ss k/] . ‘oL sNkntfn] olt w]/} lx/f sxf“ kfOg\ xf]nf’
egL pgLx¿ Ps cfk;df x]/fx]/ ug{ yfn] . sNkntfn] pgLx¿nfO{ cgf/sf] j[TtfGt ;'gfOg\ .
oL s'/f ;'gk] l5 l5d]sLx¿n] pgnfO{ eg], æx]/ ¤ of] ltd|f] k/LIf0f xf] . ltd|f] w}o{ / >dk|ltsf]
cf:yf klg xf] . of] ltdLn] u/]sf] ;]jfsf] kmn xf] . 9's/' n] ;d]t ltd|f] k/LIf0f u¥of] . ltd|f]
;]jfaf6 v';L eP/ ltd|f] OR5f k'/f u/fpg p;n] of] kmn ltdLnfO{ lbof] . ‘;]jf u/] d]jf ldN5’

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eg]sf] oxL t xf] lg ¤Æ l5d]sLsf oL s'/f ;'g/] sNkntf uDeL/ eOg\ / elgg\, æxf] /x]5, ;f“Rr}
O{Zj/ eg]sf] oxL t xf]nf lg ¤ O{Zj/n] b]V5g\, b'Mv u/] ;'v kfOG5 eg]sf] t ;f“rf] /x]5 .

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dflg;df dfq xf]Og, cGo k|f0fLdf klg ;]jfsf] k}r “ f] ltg]{ k|jl[ Tt kfO“bf] /x]5 . 9's/' nfO{ d}n]
arfP“ . p;n] t dnfO{ To;eGbf klg w]/} lbP/ uof] .Æ
f;
!)= sNkntfn] tL l5d]sL;“u cgf/ l6Kg ;xof]u dflug\ . l5d]sLn] ;a} cgf/ l6lklbP . pgn] ;a}
cgf/ 8fnfdf xfn]/ 3/leq nlug\ . leq uP/ csf]{ cgf/ klg km'6fOg\ . cgf/leq klg
js
lx/}lx/f /x]5g\ . To;kl5 ;a} cgf/ ax'dN" o /x]5g\ eGg] s'/f pgnfO{ nfUof] . pgn] cfÇgf]
k6'sfaf6 lems]/ Toxf“ cfPsf l5d]sLnfO{ Ps Ps cf]6f lx/f lbOg\ . lx/f kfp“bf l5d]sLx¿
klg bª\u k/] / pgnfO{ wGojfb lb“b} cfÇgf cfÇgf 3/ kms]{ .
dl

!!= k|To]s jif{ cgf/sf af]6df lx/f kmNg yfNof] . o:tf] b]v/] sNkntf ;f]Rg yflng\, ‘lhGbuL klg
w]/} 5}g, ca s]xL ug'k{ 5{ . la/fdL ePsf a]nfdf ufp“nx] ¿n] dnfO{ arfPsf 5g\ . d To; a]nf
d/]sL eP d}n] of] cgf/sf] af]6 / lx/f b]Vg kfp“lbgy] . d]/f cfÇgf eGg' ufp“nx] ¿ g} x'g\ .
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d}n] ;a} lx/f ufp“nx] ¿nfO{ g} lbg' a]; 5 . d d/]kl5 d]/f] nf; t v/fgL x'G5 eg] d}n] cfk"m;“u
s] g} n}hfg ;S5' / <’ o:tf] ljrf/ u/L pgn] Ps lbg ;a} ufp“nx] ¿nfO{ cfÇgf 3/df af]nfOg\ .
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!@= ufp“nx] ¿ sNkntfn] eg]s} ;dodf pgsf cf“ugdf hDdf eP . ‘xfdLnfO{ lsg af]nfPsf] xf]nf’
eg]/ cfk;df s'/f klg u/] . o;kl5 sNkntfn] 3fOt] 9's/' sf] pkrf/ u/]bl] v cgf/sf
af]6df lx/f kmn];Ddsf ;f/f j[TtfGt ufp“nx] ¿nfO{ atfOg\ / elgg\, æufp“n] bfh'efO tyf lbbL
alxgLx¿ ¤ d]/f >Ldfg\ d/], 5f]/f] klg d¥of] . la/fdL eP/ ynf k/L d klg dg{ nfu]sL lyP“ .

zAbfy{
j[TtfGt M aofg
k/LIf0f M hf“Rg] sfd
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k6'sf M sDd/df af“Wg] sk8f
4 g]kfnL M sIff (
 tkfO{ “ x ¿n] dnfO{ pkrf/ u/] / arfpg' e of] . tkfO{ “ x ¿ d] / f nflu O{ Z j/ ;dfg
x'gx' G' 5 . ca dnfO{ of] cgf/sf] af]6 / oL lx/fsf] s] sfd 5 / < oL ;a} tkfO{x“ ¿s} x'g\ .
d d/]kl5 d]/f] 3/af/L / of] cgf/sf] af]6 ljb\ofno tyf ufp“s} lxtdf k|of]u ug'x{ f]nf .Æ olt
eg]kl5 pgn] cfk"m dbf{ cfÇgf] lrtfdf /fVg Pp6f ;fgf] 6'jm| f lx/f dfq cfk"m;“u /fv]/ Toxf“
cfPsf ufp“nn] fO{ ;a} lx/f af“l8lbOg\ . ufp“nx] ¿ klg v';Ln] ub\ub\ eP/ pgsf] hohosf/
ub}{ labf eP .
!#= sNkntfn] lbPsf lx/f ufp“nx] ¿n] s]xL uxgf agfP / af“sL ;a} a]r] . To;af6 ;a} ufp“nx] ¿
;DkGg eP . ufp“ klg :ju{ h:t} ;'Gb/ eof] . To; ufp“sf au}r
“ f, af6f] / dlGb/x¿ x]bf{ ;a}sf]

G] b|
dg k|km'Nn x'GYof] .
!$= s]xL ;dokl5 sNkntf dl/g\ . ufp“nx] ¿n] pgsf] nf;nfO{ 3f6df nu] . pgs} OR5fcg';f/

s
pgsf] k6'sfdf ePsf] lx/fsf] 6'jm| f lgsflnof] / Tof] a]r/] sNkntfsf] 5f]/f] k9\g] u/]sf]
ljb\ofnonfO{ lbg] lg0f{o eof] . To;kl5 ;a} ufp“nx] ¿ ldn]/ sNkntfnfO{ bfuaTtL lbP . cfuf]sf]

f;
Hjfnfn] nf;nfO{ b'O{ 306fdf g} v/fgL agfof] . ;a} dnfdLx¿ cf“vfdf cf“;' lnP/ cfÇgf 3/
kmls{P .
js
!%= ufp“nx] ¿n] o;kl5 sNkntfsf af/Ldf Pp6f ;'Gb/ au}r “ f agfpg] / rf}af6fdf pgsf] k|ltdf
:yfkgf ug]{ ljrf/ u/] . geGb} ;'Gb/ au}r
“ f klg lgdf{0f eof] . jflif{sLsf] lbg pgsf] k|ltdf
dl
o\ jm|
kf7

zAbfy{
lrtf M nf; hnfpg] bfp/fsf] 6f“8
:ju{ M b]jnf]s
jflif{sL M d/]sf] jif{ lbgdf ul/g] >fb\w
k|ltdf M ;flns
g]kfnL M sIff ( 5
 klg rf}af6fdf :yfkgf eof] . sNkntf d/]kl5 klg pgn] /f]ks ] f] cgf/sf] af]6df cgf/ plTts}
n6/Dd kmn] . cgf/ k'm6fP/ x]bf{ To;leq klxn] h:t} lx/}lx/f lyP . ufp“nx] ¿n] tL ;a} lx/f
;/sf/nfO{ a'emfP . o;af6 b]z w]/} wgL eof] . ;a} 7fp“df ljb\ofno, ;8s, lah'nL, 6]lnkmf]g,
vfg]kfgL cflbsf] k|aGw eof] . ;'Gb/ 3/x¿ klg lgdf{0f eP . k|To]s jif{ cgf/sf] af]6df o;/L g}
lx/f kmln/x\of] . o;n] ubf{ tL sNkntf d/]/ uP klg pgsf] gfd ;w}s “ f nflu cd/ eof] .
cEof;
;'gfO

G] b|
!= kf7sf] kf“rf}+ cg'R5]b ;'gL l7s / a]l7s 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M

s
-s_ Pp6f s]6fn] ?vdf al;/x]sf] 9's/' nfO{ u'nn] Ln] xfGof] .
-v_ s]6fn] xfg]sf] d6\ofª\uf| n] 9's/' sf] r'Rrfdf nfUof] .
f;
-u_ sNkntfnfO{ b]v/] s]6f] 9's/' glnO{ 6fk s:of] .
js
-3_ 9's/' nfO{ sNkntfn] 3/ lnP/ uOg\ .
-ª_ 9's/' s]xL lbgkl5 cfk}m“ lgsf] eof] .
dl

@= kf7sf] t];f| ] / rf}yf] cg'R5]bsf] >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .

#= kf7sf] klxnf] cg'R5]bsf] ;'Gg'xf];\ / To;sf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ eGg'xf];\ M
-s_ sNkntfsf] ufp“ s:tf] lyof] <
o\ jm|

-v_ ufp“nx] ¿n] cfÇgf ufp“df s] s] s'/fx¿ lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP <
kf7

-u_ ufp“nx] ¿df s:tf] efjgf lyof] <

-3_ sNkntfsf kl/jf/df slt hgf / sf] sf] lyP <
-ª_ sNkntfsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] :jefj s:tf] lyof] <
$= ‘cgf/sf] af]6’ syf ;'g/] o;sf d'Vo 36gf eGg'xf];\ .
af]nfO
!= z'bw\ pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M
k|bi" f0f, oftfoft, cf]tk|ft] , cg'kl:yt, d6\ofª\uf| ]
6 g]kfnL M sIff (
@= sNkntfn] 9's/' nfO{ u/]sf]] ;]jf / 9's/' n] sNkntfnfO{ lt/]sf] u'gdf tkfO{“ s'gnfO{ a9L
dxTTjk"0f{ dfGg'xG' 5 < ;fyLx¿sf lardf 5nkmn u/]/ lgisif{ atfpg'xf];\ .
#= tkfO{n“ ] hfg]sf] s'g} Pp6f nf]ssyf l;nl;nf ldnfP/ eGg'xf];\ .
$= o; nf]ssyfsf] zLif{s slTtsf] pko'St 5 < cfÇÇgf] ts{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
k9fO
!= kf7sf ljleGg cg'R5]bx¿ kfn}kfnf] ;:j/ jfrg ug{x' f];\ .
@= kf7sf] rf}yf] cg'R5]b k9\gx' f];\ / tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ eGg'xf];\ M

G] b|
-s_ sNkntfsf] 5f]/f] cfÇgf ;fyL;“u lsg vf]nfdf uof] <

s
-v_ lsg sNkntf 8f“sf] 5f]8/] ?g nflug\ <
-u_ sNkntfn] cfÇgf] b'Mv s] eg]/ JoSt ul/g\ <

f;
-3_ sNkntf lsg b'Anfp“b} uOg\ <
-ª_ sNkntfsf z/L/df s;/L ;'wf/ eof] <
js
#= kf7sf] gjf}“ cg'R5]b df}g k7g u/L tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ sNkntfn] l5d]sLx¿nfO{ s] s'/f ug{ af]nfOg\ <
dl

-v_ sNkntfn] cfÇgf kf]N6fdf ePsf]] lx/f s;nfO{ lsg b]vfOg\ <
-u_ l5d]sLx¿n] cfZro{ dfgL cfk;df lsg x]/fx]/ u/] <
-3_ l5d]sLn] cgf/sf] bfgfleq lx/f ePsf] /x:osf ;DaGwdf s] cg'dfg u/] <
o\ jm|

-ª_ sNkntf l5d]sLsf s'/f ;'g/] s] s'/fdf ljZj:t eOg\ <

-r_ ‘j[TtfGt’ / ‘w}o’{ zAb jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ .
kf7

-5_ ‘k/LIf0f’ / ‘k|jl[ Tt’ zAb s;/L ag]sf x'g\ <

$= syfsf cfwf/df tnsf egfO s;n] s;nfO{ eg]sf x'g,\ sfkLdf ;fg'x{ f];\ M
-s_ ca, a? dnfO{ klg n}hfpm .
-v_ b'Mv u/] ;'v kfOG5 .
-u_ ;]jf u/] d]jf ldN5 eg]sf] oxL t xf] lg ¤
-3_ xf] /x]5, ;f“Rr} g} O{Zj/ t /x]5g\ .
-ª_ efUo eP 8f]sfdf b'w b'x] klg cl8G5 eg]sf]] oxL /x]5 .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 7
%= kf7sf cfwf/df tn lbPsf 36gfx¿sf] j|md ldnfO{ sfkLdf ;fg'x{ f];\ M
-s_ sNkntfsf] 5f]/f] vf]nfdf aUg'
-v_ sNkntfsf >Ldfg\ 3f“; sf6\g jgdf hf“bf ?vaf6 n8\g'
-u_ sNkntf ?3fvf]sLn] la/fdL x'g'
-3_ sNkntfn] ;a} ufp“nn] fO{ cfÇgf 3/df af]nfpg'
-ª_ sNkntfn] l5d]sLnfO{ cfÇgf 3/df af]nfpg'

G] b|
-r_ sNkntfsf af/Ldf n6/Dd cgf/ kmNg'

s
-5_ sNkntfn] 9's/' nfO{ 56k6fO/x]sf] b]Vg'
-h_ ufp“nx] ¿n] sNkntfsf af/Ldf au}r
f; “ f agfpg'
-´_ sNkntfsf] d[To' x'g'
js
^= kf7sf cfwf/df sNkntf;“u ;DalGwt dxTTjk"0f{ s'/fx¿ kf“r a'b“ fdf l6kf]6 ug'x{ f];\ .
n]vfO
dl

!= kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ ;ª\If]kdf n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ sNkntfn] cfÇgf lbgx¿ ;'?df s;/L latfPsL lyOg\ <
o\ jm|

-v_ sNkntfn] hLjgdf s] s:tf b'Mv ef]Ug'k¥of] <

-u_ ufp“nx] ¿n] b'Mvdf sNkntfnfO{ s;/L ;fy lbP <
kf7

-3_ sNkntfn] 9's/' nfO{ s;/L arfOg\ <

-ª_ sNkntfk|lt 9's/' lsg s[t1 ag]sf] xf] <
-r_ sNkntfn] cfÇgf] ;'Gb/ ufp“nfO{ ´g\ ;'Gb/ agfpg s;/L ;xof]u k'¥ofOg\ <
-5_ sNkntfsf dfWodaf6 b]z s;/L wgL eof] <
-h_ sNkntf d/]kl5 ufp“nx] ¿n] pgLk|lt s] s:tf ;Ddfg k|s6 u/] <
@= ‘cgf/sf] af]6’ nf]s syfsf] ;f/f+z n]vL sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
#= pSt nf]ssyfsf] d"n efj n]Vg'xf];\ .
8 g]kfnL M sIff (
$= tnsf pb\w/0fsf] JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M

-s_ ‘;]jf u/] d]jf ldN5’ eg]sf] oxL t xf] lg .

-v_ dflg;df dfq xf]Og, cGo k|f0fLdf klg ;]jfsf] k}r
“ f] ltg]{ k|jl[ Tt kfO“bf] /x]5 .
%= sNkntfdf s]jn bofsf efjgfx¿ dfq lyPgg\, pgdf ;dfh ;]jfsf efjgfx¿ klg TolTts}
k|an lyP eGg] s'/fnfO{ kf7sf cfwf/df k|:6 kfg'x{ f];\ .
^= ‘3fOt] 9's/' ’ zLif{s /fv]/ cfjZostfcg';f/ kl/jt{g u/L o; syfsf] k'gn]v
{ g ug'x{ f];\ .

G] b|
&= lgDg cg'R5]b k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M

s
‘lx+;f gug',{ c;To gaf]Ng', s;}sf] ;DklTt rf]/L gug',{ a|xd\ ro{ j|tsf] kfngf ug',{ cfjZostfeGbf
a9L wg ;ª\ux| gug'’{ uf}td a'bw\ sf oL k|dv ' pkb]z x'g\ . ;+;f/df pgsf pkb]zsf] Jofks

f;
¿kdf k|rf/ k|;f/ 5 . pgsf pkb]zn] ljZjnfO{ g} dfu{ bz{g u/]sf] 5 . a'bw\ sf b[li6df ;a}
dflg; ;dfg dflgGy] . ;a} k|f0fLsf] sNof0f ug'{ a'bw\ sf] k|dv ' pb\bZ] o lyof] .
js
-s_ dflysf] cg'R5]bdf lbOPsf tnsf zAbsf] ljk/Ltfy{s zAb vf]Hg'xf];\ M
clx+;f, ;To, sd, c;dfg, csNof0f, cgfjZos, ;Lldt
dl

-v_ cg'R5]bdf pNn]v ePsf tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]Vg'xf];\ M

;DklTt, j|t, k|dv

' , ;+;f/, pkb]z, dfu{, k|f0fL, rf]/L, kfngf
o\ jm|

-u_ cg'R5]bdf pNn]v ePsf tnsf zAbnfO{ cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ M
kf7

wg, k|rf/, bz{g, ;a}, dflg;, ug',{ uf}td a'bw\ , pb\bZ] o

-3_ k|dv' , k|rf/, k|;f/, oL zAbdf ‘k|’ pk;u{ nfu]sf] 5, o;}cg';f/ ‘k|’ pk;u{ nufP/ cGo
kf“r cf]6f zAb lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ .

-ª_ ‘pkb]z’ b]z zAbdf ‘pk’ pk;u{ nfu]/ ag]sf] xf], To:t} ‘b]z’ zAbdf cGo kf“r cf]6f
pk;u{ nufP/ zAb lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ .
*= cNk lj/fd, cw{ lj/fd, k"0f{ lj/fd, k|Zgjfrs / pb\uf/ lrx\gnfO{ k|of]u u/]/ kf“r cf]6f
jfSo n]Vg'xf];\ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 9
 Jofs/0f
!= tnsf] cg'R5]bsf /]vfª\lst lj|mofkb e"t sfnsf x'g,\ ltgsf] jt{dfg ¿k klxrfg u/L
sfkLdf n]Vg'xf];\ M
Ps hgf ;Gt gbLdf g'xfpg uP . Toxf“ pgn] kfgLdf laR5L b]v] . Tof] laR5Lk|lt ;GtnfO{
bof nfUof] . To;nfO{ arfpg'k¥of] egL ;Gtn] cfk\mgf] xftdf lng vf]Hbf laR5Ln] xTs]nfdf
6f]Sof] . ;Gtn] laR5LnfO{ arfpg km]l/ klg k|of; u/] . laR5Ln] o; k6s t ;GtnfO{
emg\ a]xf]; g} x'g] u/L 6f]Sof] . o; 36gfnfO{ Pp6f dfemLn] glhs}af6 b]Vof] / uP/ ;GtnfO{

G] b|
eGof], ælaR5L :jefj}n] l/;fxf / b'i6 x'G5 . tkfO{“ o;nfO{ arfpg lsg o:tf] si6 ug'x{ G' 5 <Æ
;Gtn] dfemLnfO{ eg], ælaR5L :jefj}n] hlt l/;fxf / b'i6 x'G5, dflg;n] klg Tolt g} IfdfzLn

s
/ ;Hhg x'g k|of; ug'k{ 5{ . of] laR5L cfk\mgf] :jefj 5f]8b\ g} eg] d klg cfk\mgf] wd{nfO{ s;/L
5f]8f}“ <Æ olt egL ;Gtn] t];f| ] k6s klg k|of; u/] . o; k6s eg] laR5LnfO{ kfgLaf6 aflx/
f;
lgsfNg pgL ;kmn eP .
@= kf7sf] clGtd cg'R5]bdf ePsf e"t sfnsf lj|mofkbnfO{ /]vfª\sg ug'x{ f];\ .
js
#= tnsf lj|mofkbdWo] e"t sfnsf lj|mofkbnfO{ dfq sfkLdf ;fg'x{ f];\ M
dl

k9\of}, k9\5f},“ n]Vof], k9\g] 5', eg], vfof], /f]of], a:5, l6Kof], ;'Tof]
$= tnsf jfSonfO{ e"tsfnsf jfSodf abNg'xf];\ M
-s_ uf]7fnf] 3f“; sf6\5 .
o\ jm|

-v_ ;fgL kfgL Nofp“5] .

kf7

-u_ xfdL ljb\ofno hfG5f}“ .

-3_ ef]ln kfgL kg]{ 5 .
-ª_ xfdL cfh 3/d} a:5f}“ .
%= tnsf wft'nfO{ k|of]u u/]/ e"tsfnsf jfSo lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ M
lx“8,\ ksfp, ;'tfp, ufp, hf, n]v,\ plk|m
^= lnª\u, jrg / k'?ifsf cfwf/df ‘vf’ wft'af6 aGg] e"tsfnsf ¿kx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .
&= e"tsfnsf lj|mofkb k|of]u u/L cfkm"n] b]vs
] f] s'g} 36gfsf ;DaGwdf Ps cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .

10 g]kfnL M sIff (
*= tnsf] tflnsfdf e"tsfnsf ;a} kIfdf cfwfl/t s]xL lj|mofkbx¿ pNn]v 5g\, ltgnfO{
cfk\mgf] sfkLdf n]Vg'xf];\ M
;fdfGo ck"0f{ k"0f{ cEo:t c1ft
uof] hf“b} lyof] uPsf] lyof] hfGYof] uP5
v]n]“ v]Nb} lyP“ v]ns
] f] lyP“ v]Ny]“ v]n]5'
cfO{ cfp“b} lyO{ cfPsL lyO{ cfp“yL cfO5

G] b|
xf“:of}“ xf“:b} lyof}“ xf“;s
] f lyof}“ xf“:Yof}“ xf“;]5f}“
(= tnsf ‘s’ / ‘v’ ;d"xsf lardf hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

s
;d"x -s_ ;d"x -v_

xnL xnf] hf]Tb} lyof] .

f;
efOn] pHofnf] eof] eg]/ eGof] . cEo:t e"t
;fdfGo e"t
js
lzIfsn] ljb\ofyL{nfO{ k9fpg'eP5 . ck"0f{ e"t
s]6fs]6L skbL{ v]Ny] . k"0f{ e"t
dl

lxhf] ljb\ofno nfu]sf] lyof] . c1ft e"t

!)= ‘cfp’ wft'nfO{ k|of]u u/]/ e"t sfnsf ;a} kIfdf ltg ltg cf]6f jfSo n]Vg'xf];\ M
o\ jm|

!!= sf]i7df lbOPsf ;ª\st] sf cfwf/df tnsf vfnL 7fp“ eg'x{ f];\ M
Ps hgf k'hf/L ;w}“ dlGb/ ============= -hf, cEo:t e"t_ . af6fdf p;n] sf]OnLsf] ;'dw'/ :j/
kf7

============= -;'g,\ c1ft e"t_ . dlGb/df tLy{ ofqLx¿ k"hf ============== -u/\, ck"0f{ e"t_ .
k'hf/Ln] pgLx¿nfO{ k'mn / k|;fb ============= -lb, c1ft e"t_ . tLy{ofqLx¿ v';L ===============
-x', ;fdfGo e"t_ . pgLx¿n] k|z:t ld7fO ============= -Nofp, k"0f{ e"t_ . pgLx¿n] tL ;a}
ld7fO ToxL dlGb/df g} ============= -r9\, ;fdfGo e"t_ .
!@= e"tsfnsf ;a} kIfnfO{ k|of]u u/L cfkm"n] e|d0f u/]sf] s'g} 7fp“sf] j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .
l;h{gfTds sfo{
] f] s'g} Pp6f nf]ssyf l;nl;nf ldnfP/ n]Vg'xf];\ / sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
!= tkfO{n“ ] ;'gs
@= cfÇgf cfdfa'af cyjf xh'/cfdf, xh'/a'af cyjf h]i7 gful/saf6 nf]ssyf ;'gL sIffdf
;'gfpg'xf];\ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 11
 kf7 @ ofqf ;'? u/f}“

– b'a;' If]qL
!= ;dosf] Pp6f nfdf] em/Lkl5
aNn 3fd pbfPsf] 5
laxfg ePsf] 5, ca xfdLn] xfd|f] ofqf ;'? ug'k{ 5{
kfgL yfldPsf] 5, ca xfdLn] xfd|f] cf/f]x0fsf] yfngL ug{k' 5{
cf:yfsf] 6'sL afNg'k5{, ca xfdLn] pHofnf] 5g'k{ 5{

G] b|
df};d j;Gtsf] 5, ca xfdLn] uLt u'Ghfpg'k5{

s
kmj|ms
] f 5g\ u'/f“;x¿, ca xfdLn] dfnfx¿ pGg'k5{ .
@= gfRbfgfRb} hxf“ /f]ss] f lyof}“ ;f]/7Lsf] tfn
f;
ToxL“af6 rfNb} Pp6} rfnsf ltg sf]6L kfOnf
;x cl:tTjsf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“
/Dbf/Db} /f]bLsf] /Gsf]df 5'6s ] f lyof}“ hxf“
js
ToxL rf}tf/Laf6 ;xdltsf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“
kx]n“ k'/ wfg vlnofgdf /fv]/
df3Lsf] GjfuL vf“b} :jfjnDagsf] gof“ ofqf ;'? u/f}“
dl

3'Db} ljjfx k~rdLsf] d]nf klv{b“ } lyof}“ hxf“

dw];sf] kljq 57 / ToxL“ hfgsL df6fsf] rGbg nufp“b}
;lxi0f'tfsf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“
o\ jm|

ufp“bf ufp“b} hxf“ /f]ss] f lyof}“ ;]nf]sf] efsf

ToxL“af6 ufp“b} aGw'Tjsf] uLt
pHofnf]sf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“
kf7

zAbfy{
cf/f]x0f M dfly r9\g] sfd
;f]/7L M u'?ª, du/ cflb hfltdf k|rlnt uLltgf6\osf] Ps e]b
/f]bL M u'?ª hfltdf k|rlnt uLt
vlnofg M vnf]
df3L M yf? hfltn] dgfpg] rf8
57 M t/fO{ If]qdf dgfOg] kj{
;]nf] M tfdfª, z]kf{ cflbsf] nf]suLt
12 g]kfnL M sIff (
 dgfp“b} Nxf];f/ hxf“ k'Hb} lyof}“ lxdfnnfO{ dfg]/ b]jtf
ToxL cfsfz 5'g] lxdfnnfO{ ;fIfL /fv]/
;xsfo{sf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“
hKb} uf}/f hxf“ gfr]sf lyof}“ b]p8f
ToxL s0ff{nLsf] d'xfglg/ pleP/
gj lgdf{0fsf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“
vf]Hb} zflGtsf b'O{ ;Daf]wL cf“vf
hxf“ xfdL nf]nfPsf lyof}“
p8fp“b} zflGtsf ;]tf k/]jfx¿

G] b|
ltg} ;Dos cf“vfaf6 zflGtsf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“
#= efSb} cf:yfsf] cf/tL

s
hxf“ xfdL cgfof; Ao'l“ emPsf lyof}“
ToxL u'Daf, dlGb/, dl:hb / luhf{3/sf] k|fª\u0faf6
;xwd{sf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“

f;
hxf“ ltdL / xfdLn] xft]dfnf] u/]/
cf/De u/]sf lyof}“ PsLs/0fsf] ofqf
js
sfi7 d08ksf] ToxL b]jnaf6 lwd] ahfp“b}
gj Pstfsf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“
;f“em k/]/ af; a;]sf lyof}“ hxf“ gfDr]sf] km]bLdf
dl

ToxL km]bLaf6 ;u/dfyf lzv/sf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“ .

$= ;dosf] Pp6f lg:k6\6 cGwsf/
xfdLn] lrl/;s]sf 5f}“
ca Pp6f gof“ hLjg ;'? u/f}“
o\ jm|

hxf“af6 xfdL ysfg /f]k/] efu]sf lyof}“

ca Pp6f gof“ ofqf ;'? u/f}“ ToxL“af6
kf7

hxf“ xfdLn] s]xL If0f lj>fd u/]sf lyof}“

/fi6« gj lgdf{0fsf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“ ToxL“af6
hxf“ xfdLn] zflGt / ;d[bl\ wsf ;kgfx¿ ;hfPsf lyof}“ .

zAbfy{
Nxf];f/ M tfdfª, z]kf{, u'?ªsf] gof“ jif{
uf}/f M 8f]6L, 88]nw'/flt/ dgfOg] kj{
b]p8f M ;'b/" klZrdlt/sf] k/Dk/fut uLt÷g[To
;Dos M /fd|f,] ;'Gb/
lwd] M g]jf/ hfltdf k|rlnt gfr÷uLt
g]kfnL M sIff ( 13
 cEof;
;'gfO
!= sljtfsf] klxnf] ub\of+z ;'gL df}lvs pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ ;dosf] nfdf] em/L eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ xfdLn] xfd|f] ofqf lsg ;'? ug'k{ 5{ <
-u_ pHofnf] s;/L 5g{ ;lsG5 <

G] b|
-3_ slj s:tf] df};ddf uLt u'Ghfpg rfxG5g\ <

s
@= sljtfsf] bf];f| ] ub\of+z ;'Gg'xf];\ / Toxf“ pNn]v ePsf ;f+:s[lts gfr jf kj{sf] gfd
eGg'xf];\ .
f;
#= sljtfsf] t];f| ] ub\of+z ;'gL To;df eGg vf]lhPsf] ljrf/nfO{ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
$= sljtfsf] rf}yf] ub\of+zsf] >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .
js
af]nfO
!= tnsf zAbx¿ pbfx/0fdf b]vfP h:t} u/L l7s pRrf/0f ug'{xf];\ / ltgLx¿nfO{
dl

pRrf/0fcg';f/ g} sfkLdf n]Vg'xf];\ M

h:t} M pRrf/0f÷pr\=rf=/0f\
cf/f]x0f, emf]Ssf, rlst, lg:k6\6, k|fª\u0f, ;lxi0f'tf
o\ jm|

@= lgDg lnlvt cj:yf JoSt x'g] u/L clego ug'x{ f];\ M

kf7

rlst ePsf] cj:yf, cfNxflbt ePsf] cj:yf, nf]nfPsf] cj:yf, ysfO nfu]sf] cj:yf
#= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/L sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ M
b]p/fnL, 6'sL, /f]bL, lwd], b]p8f, ;]nf]
$= tkfO{“ cfkm"n] cfh}bl] v ;'? ug{ ;Sg] s'g} b'O{ ;sf/fTds sfdx¿ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ M
h:t} M
cfh;Dd d}n] cfk\mgf] n'uf cfkm}“ wf]Psf] 5}g, d of] sfd cfh}af6 ;'? u5'{ .
%= zflGt / ;d[bl\ wsf ;kgfx¿ s:tf x'g ;S5g\ < cfk\mgf] ljrf/ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

14 g]kfnL M sIff (
^= dflysf] sljtfdf bL3{ Osf/ nfu]sf zAbx¿ dfq l6kf]6 ug'x{ f];\ / tL zAb bL3{ n]Vg'kg]{
sf/0faf/] lzIfs;“u 5nkmn u/L lgisif{df k'Ug'xf];\ .
&= sf]i7sdf lbOPsf zAbx¿dWo]af6 vfnL 7fp“ e/L sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ M
-s_ ‘cgfof;’ zAbsf] kof{ojfrL zAb ============ xf] . -PsfPs, cf}wL, PSn}_
-v_ ‘/x/’ / ‘em/L’ ============ zAb x'g\ . -kof{ojfrL, cg]sfyL{, >'lt;d leGgfy{s_
-u_ ‘cf/De’ sf] ljk/Ltfy{s zAb ============== xf] . -k|f/De, ljnDj, cGTo_

G] b|
-3_ ‘;a’ / ‘zj’ ================ zAb x'g\ . -kof{ojfrL, cg]sfy{s, >'lt;d leGgfy{s_
-ª_ ===============sf] ;fgf] a'emfpg] zAb ‘6'sL’ xf] . -c“Wof/f], pHofnf], aTtL_

s
k9fO

f;
!= ult, olt / no ldnfO{ sljtf jfrg ug'x{ f];\ .
@= sljtfsf] df}g k7g u/L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
js
-s_ s:tf] ofqf ;'? ug{sf nflu sljn] cfx\jfg u/]sf 5g\ <
-v_ ofqf ;'? ug{sf nflu ;do lsg cg'sn" 5 <
dl

-u_ xfdLn] ;hfPsf ;kgf s] s] x'g\ <

-3_ o; sljtfn] s] s:tf ;sf/fTds ;Gb]zx¿ lbg vf]hs
] f] 5 <
o\ jm|

-ª_ g]kfn ax' ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfn] el/k"0f{ b]z xf] eGg] sygnfO{ sljtfsf cfwf/df
:ki6 kfg'x{ f];\ .
kf7

#= sljtfsf] bf];f| ] ub\of+zdf tn lbOPsf ljleGg ofqfx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] kfOG5 . tL ofqfx¿sf]
cy{ sljtf k9]sf cfwf/df n]Vg'xf];\ M
;x cl:tTjsf] ofqf, ;xdltsf] ofqf, :jfjnDagsf] gof“ ofqf, ;lxi0f'tfsf] ofqf, pHofnf]sf]
ofqf, ;xsfo{sf] ofqf, gj lgdf{0fsf] ofqf, ;xwd{sf] ofqf, ;u/dfyf lzv/sf] ofqf
$= sljtf k9]sf cfwf/df ‘cfzfjfbL aGg'k5{’ eGg] ljifodf Pp6f cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .
n]vfO
!= ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ sljn] sljtfdf dfnf pGg] k|;ª\u lsg pNn]v u/]sf x'g\ <
g]kfnL M sIff ( 15
 -v_ ;lxi0f'tfsf] ofqf ;'? ug{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ kIf s] s] x'g\ <
-u_ Pstfsf] ofqf sljn] sxf“af6 s;/L ;'? ug{ eg]sf 5g\ <
-3_ gof“ ofqf ;'? ug{ sljn] lsg cfx\jfg u/]sf 5g\ <
@= sljtfsf] k|To]s ub\of+zsf] cfzo n]Vg'xf];\ .
#= ;k|;ª\u JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ ca Pp6f gof“ hLjg ;'? u/f}“

G] b|
hxf“af6 xfdL ysfg /f]k/] efu]sf lyof}“ .

s
-v_ /fi6« gj lgdf{0fsf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“ ToxL“af6
hxf“ xfdLn] zflGt / ;d[bl\ wsf ;kgfx¿ ;hfPsf lyof}“ .
f;
$= pko'St n]Vo lrx\gx¿ /fvL k'gn]v
{ g ug'x{ f];\ M
p;n] dnfO{ eGof] x] efO ltdL t Hofb} cN5L /x]5f} d}n] cfkm\gf] Joyf atfp“b} eg]“ xf]Og bfO
js
lxhf]cfh dnfO{ ;Grf] 5}g .
Jofs/0f
dl

!= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9L /]vfª\lst zAbdWo] gfd / ljz]if0fsf] cnu cnu ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ M
t/fO{df a:g] ul/a uf]kfnn] Pp6f ufO{ lsGof] . p;n] /fd|f] vfg]s/' f v'jfof] . To;af6
o\ jm|

w]/} af5faf5L hGd] . ufO{x¿sf] 7'nf] ayfg aGof] . tL ufO{x¿sf] z'bw\ b'w a]r/] p;n] k|z:t
cfDbfgL u¥of] . p;sf] ljz]if k9fO lyPg . jf:tjdf clws Odfgbf/L g} p;sf nflu pko'St
kf7

/f]huf/Lsf] k|efjsf/L dfWod aGg k'Uof] . h'g;'s} sfd u/]/ klg o; ;dfhdf ;lhn} af“Rg
;lsG5 eGg] c;n lzIff p;af6 lng ;lsG5 . uf]kfnsf] 7'nf] bfh' /d]zn] eg] cg]s tflnd
lnP/ klg s]xL k];f u/]sf] lyPg . cN5L :jefjsf] Tof] /d]z l/;fxf k|j[lTtsf] klg
lyof] . p;sf] d'Vo ;f]v g} /ftf] ;6{, ;]tf] kfOG6 / sfnf] r:df nufP/ ahf/ 3'Dg' dfq
lyof] . p;nfO{ hlxn] klg cfly{s ;ª\s6 dfq kYof]{ . Ps lbg crfgs p;n] efOn] h:t} s'g}
gof“ sfd u/]/ w]/} pGglt ug]{ ljrf/ u¥of] . efOn] klg pGgt hftsf afv|f kfn]/
/fd|f] k|ult ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] pko'St ;Nnfx lbof] . p;n] bfOnfO{ s]xL cfly{s ;xof]u klg
u¥of] . ;'?df ltg cf]6f afv|f kfn]sf] /d]zsf] clxn] uGbf la; afv|fx¿ eO;s] . lxhf]cfh
ufp“df pm hfGg] a'em\g] afv|f kfns ePsf] 5 . d]xgtL dfG5]nfO{ slxn] b'Mv x'G5 / <
16 g]kfnL M sIff (
@= ljz]if0f zAbnfO{ s;/L lrGg ;lsG5 < tflnsfsf cfwf/df 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
k|Zg hjfkm
s:tf] < sfnf], ;f]emf], nf]eL, /ftf], u'lnof], Psf]xf]/f], gof“, wgL, c;n cflb
s:tL < hfg] a'em]sL, uf]/L, d]xg]tL, cN5L, df]6L, u'0fjtL, ;xgzLn, bofn' cflb
s'g < Tof], of], tL, pxL, ;ftf},“ klxnf], sfG5f], dflxnf], kfZrfTo cflb
sqf] < cUnf], xf]rf], Toqf], oqf], ;fgf], 7'nf], ljzfn cflb

G] b|
slt < ;a}, w]/,} clnslt, cfwf, cf7, w]/,} yf]/,} Tolt, olt cflb

s
#= kf7df k|of]u ePsf gfd / ljz]if0f zAbx¿ vf]h/] n]Vg'xf];\ M
$= pko'S{ t ljz]if0f zAbx¿ k|of]u u/L cfk"m glhs}sf] ;fyLsf] kl/ro lbg'xf];\ .
l;h{gfTds cEof; f;
js
gfd tyf ;j{gfdsf] k|of]u u/L cfk"mnfO{ dg kg]{ rf8sf af/]df sljtf n]Vg'xf];\ .
dl
o\ jm|
kf7

g]kfnL M sIff ( 17
 kf7 # ;ª\uLt1 /fdz/0f bgf{n

!= snfsf ljleGg e]bdWo] ;ª\uLt klg Ps xf] . sljtf,

syf jf lrqsnf h:t} ;ª\uLt snfnfO{ cfÇgf]
;fwgf agfP/ kl/lrt x'g] k|ltef ;+;f/el/ 5g\ .
/fdz/0f bgf{n klg ;ª\uLt snf / To;sf ;fwgfsf
dfWodaf6 g]kfnL snf hut\df cfÇgf] kl/ro agfpg
;kmn k|ltef x'g\ . sf7df8f}s “ f] sfnwf/fdf lj= ;+=
!(($ c;f/ @& ut]sf lbg lgDg juL{o kl/jf/df

G] b|
pgsf] hGd ePsf] xf] . lktf ;Tos'df/ bgf{n /
dftf lbns'df/Lsf] dfOnf ;Gtfgsf ¿kdf hGd]sf

s
/fdz/0f af“rs ] f dWo] h]7f lyP . cfk\mgL cfdfsf
tk{maf6 Ps / ljdftfsf tk{maf6 Ps u/L pgsf b'O{
hgf efOx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . tTsfnLg cj:yfdf >dhLjL
f;
kl/jf/df hGd]/ bng / cjx]ngflar af“r/] k|ult
ug{ uf/f] lyof] . /fdz/0fn] oL ;a} s'/fnfO{ ;x] /
js
krfP . pgn] cfÇgf] ;ª\uLt ;fwgfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbP . ToxL cys ;fwgfn] pgL g]kfnL ;ª\uLt hut\df
k|l;b\w ag] .
dl

@= /fdz/0fsf lktf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] AofG8sf gfOs] lyP . ;a}n] pgnfO{ ‘xjNbf/ d]h/’ eg]/
lrGy] . pgL hflu/af6 lgj[Tt ePkl5 kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf emg\ hh{/ aGg k'Uof] . pSt
cj:yfaf6 qf0f kfpgsf nflu pgL sfdsf] vf]hLdf ljb]z uP . nuTt} Ps jif{kl5 g} kms]/{
cfO{ pgL k]ml/ k'Vof}n{ L k];f -afhf ahfpg] sfd_ u/]/ u'hf/f ug]{ k|oTgdf nfu] . ptf pgsf]
o\ jm|

Pp6f ePsf] 3/ klg lj= ;+= !(() sf] e"sDkn] rls{Psf] lyof] . o; ljifd cj:yfs} lar
/fdz/0fsf] afNosfn lat]sf] lyof] .
kf7

#= /fdz/0f ;fgfdf lgs} /f]uL lyP . x/]s ;do pgnfO{ Pp6f g Pp6f /f]un] ;tfO/x]s}
x'GYof] . hGd]sf] s]xL dlxgfdf g} pgsf] gfssf] 8f“8Ldf vl6/f cfPsf] lyof] . Tof] vl6/f]
;ª\uf| lnPkl5 dg]{ 7fg]/ pgnfO{ cf“ugdf ;'tfOPsf] lyof] . Tolta]n} leIff6gdf cfPsL Pp6L
dlxnf of]uLn] ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L kfOg\ . pgn] sf“8fn] ;f] vl6/f] k'm6fpg] ;Nnfx lbOg\ .
zAbfy{
ljdftf M ;f}tg] L cfdf
lgj[Tt M ;]jfd'St
qf0f M ;xf/f
gfssf] 8f“8L M b'O{ cf]6f cf“vfsf larsf] 8f“8f]h:tf] k/]sf] efu, r:df c8\ofpg] 7fp“
leIff6g M leIff dfUb} lx“8g\ ] sfd
18 g]kfnL M sIff
 vl6/f] k'm6fPkl5 lkk lgSn]/ gfssf] 8f“8L g} efl;of] . 3/L h'sfn] ;tfpg], 3/L cfp“n] ;tfpg]
ePkl5 aNn af“rs ] f] Pp6} dfq ;GtfgnfO{ s;/L hf]ufpg] eGg] lrGtfn] pgsL cfdfnfO{ ;w}“
;tfO/xGYof] . Tolta]nf ;dfhdf ljjfx ul/lbPkl5 /f]uLsf] /f]u lgsf] x'G5 eGg] cGw ljZjf;
JofKt lyof] . o;}n] P3f/ jif{s} pd]/df pgsf] ljjfx gf} jif{sL xl/dfof;“u u/fOPsf] lyof] .
$= g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;fdfGotM ;/:jtLsf] jGbgf u/fPkl5 lzIff/De u/fOG5 . /fdz/0fsf]
lzIff/De eg] km/s lsl;dn] ePsf] lyof] . pgn] sv/faf6 geP/ ;f/]udaf6 lzIffsf]
cf/De u/]sf lyP . pgL cfk\mgf 3/df k|foM alh/xg] 6«Dk]6, sg]6{ / cUof{gsf] ;'dw'/
Wjlgaf6 afNosfnb]lv g} k|efljt lyP . o;}n] ltg} afhfaf6 lzIff/De ug{ pgnfO{ ;xh klg
ePsf] lyof] . pgL P3f/ jif{s} pd]/df tL afhf ahfpg ;Sg] eO;s]sf lyP . afhf ahfpg]

G] b|
sfd;“u} k9fOsf] sfo{nfO{ klg j|mdzM cl3 a9fp“b} nu] . 3/df cfk\mgf lktfsf ;ª\sngdf

s
/x]sf k':tsn] la:tf/} la:tf/} pgnfO{ cWoogdf klg ?lr hufOlbPsf lyP . pSt ;ª\sngdf
Tolt w]/} k':ts geP klg pgsf nflu eg] ?lr hufpgsf nflu tL kof{Kt lyP . pgsf lktf
k':ts ;ª\sngdf ?lr /fVy] . o;}n] ahf/df gof“ k':ts b]vk] l5 lsGg kl5 kb}g{ y] .

f;
/fdz/0fnfO{ ;fgf] 5“bf nfnlx/f, rf/ /ªsf df5f, zld{i7f, xfTtLdtfO{ h:tf k':ts dg ky]{ .
ltgsf cltl/St pgsf 3/df /fdfo0f, dxfef/t, uLtf, r08L cflbsf g]kfnL cg'jfb;d]t
js
lyP . k'is/ ;dz]/n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] cª\uh]| L g]kfnL zAbsf]z klg 3/}df lyof] . d'gfdbg t
clwsf+z ;fIf/ g]kfnLsf 3/df x'GYof] g} . o;}n] pgsf 3/df klg gx'g] s'/} ePg . o;/L lktfsf]
k9fOk|ltsf] ?lrsf sf/0f pgdf klg ;fg}bl] v k9\g] OR5f hfu[t ePsf] lyof] .
dl

%= hLljsf]kfh{gdf g} sl7gfO ePkl5 bgf{nsf lktfn] cfk\mgf ;Gtfgsf] lzIffbLIffnfO{ lg/Gt/tf

lbg ;s]sf lyPgg\ . ljkGgtfdf afNosfn u'hf/]sf /fdz/0fn] ljb\ofnosf] z'Ns;d]t ltg{
;s]gg\ . s]xL ;do t pgn] k'Vof}n{ L k];f u/]/ klg ljb\ofnosf] z'Ns ltg]{ k|aGw ldnfP . o;/L
o\ jm|

klg wfGg ;Dej gePkl5 pgsf nflu k7g kf7g :jKg;l/ aGg k'Uof] . o;}n] pgn] b/af/
:s'ndf k9\bf k9\b} k9fOaf6 xft w'gk' ¥of] . kmn:j¿k slxn] cfk\mgf] 3/ sfnwf/f, slxn]
sf7df8f}s“ } ynL / uf]s0f{sf] dfdf3/df pgsf] afNosfn laTof] . kl5 pgn] dfjnL sfsf
kf7

hhL{ Aofª\S; -O;fO{ wd{ u|x0f ug'e{ Gbf cl3sf] gfd k':sn a'9flkyL{_ sf 3/df a;]/
bflh{lnªsf] ;]G6 /f]a6{;\ xfO:s'ndf b'O{ jif{hlt cWoog u/] . pgnfO{ k|jl] zsf;Ddsf] cWoog
ug]{ df}sf t ldNof] . t/ To;sf] z}lIfs k|df0f kq k|fKt ug]{ cj;/ eg] ldn]g . pgn]
hDdfhDdL b; sIff;Dd dfq k9]sf lyP .

zAbfy{
jGbgf M k|fy{gf
;f/]ud M ;ª\uLt cEof; ug]{ k|f/lDes ;"q
hLljsf]kfh{g M hLjg lgjf{xsf nflu ul/g] cfh{g
g]kfnL M sIff ( 19
^= afns sfnb]lv g} ljleGg afhf ahfpg l;s]sf bgf{nn] snsTtfdf klg To;}df cEof;
a9fpg kfP . Toxf“ pgn] lutf/, d]G8f]lng / xjfO{ lutf/ l;Sg] cj;/ kfP . pgn] dgf]xl/
l;+x;“u d]G8f]lng l;s]sf lyP . pgn] sf7df8f}d“ f sfsf hhL{ Aofª\S;af6 lkofgf] Psl8{og
ahfpg l;s] . bflh{lnªdf k9\bf 6«Dk]6 l;s] . g]kfn Ps]8d] Ldf hflu/] ePkl5 pgn] cfk"mn]
l;s]sf k'/fgf s'/fnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug]]{ cj;/ k|fKt u/] . Toxf“ pgn] ;ª\uLtnfO{ ;flxTo /
gf6s;“u hf]8g\ ] cj;/ klg kfP . o;sf nflu pgn] gf6ssf/ afns[i0f ;d, slj dfwj
l3ld/], ;ª\uLt ;fwsx¿ o1/fh zdf{ / g//fh 9sfnaf6 cg'k/]| 0ff / k|efj u|x0f u/] .
/fdz/0fsf] ;fwgfnfO{ ;zSt kfg]{ sfo{df plNnlvt ;flxTosf/ / ;ª\uLtsf/sf] of]ubfg
klg dxTTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .

G] b|
&= /fdz/0f ;fg} pd]/df g} cyf]k{ fh{gsf af/]df ;f]Rg afWo eP . pgn] hLjgdf w]/} g} cfly{s

s
;ª\3if{ ug'k{ /]sf] lyof] . ljb]zdf uO{ k};f sdfpg] cfzfn] pgL ef/tsf] nfx'/] klg ag] .
sfsf aaL Aofª\S; snsTtfdf g} /x]sfn] pgnfO{ sfd vf]Hg sl7g ePg . Toxf“ pgn] afhf
ahfpg] sfd kfP . pgL cfk\mgf] dlxgfjf/Laf6 art u/]sf] k};f 3/df k7fp“y] . snsTtfaf6
f;
kms]k{ l5 pgn] /]l8of] g]kfndf /]sl8{ªsf] sfd kfP . Toxf“ pgn] hflu/] geO{ cfjZos
k/]sf ;dodf aflx/}af6 ;3fpg] ;xof]uLsf ¿kdf dfq sfd u/] . lj= ;+= @)!^ ;fndf pgn]
js
tTsfnLg g]kfn Ps]8d] L -xfnsf] g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg_ df gf]6;] gsf/sf ¿kdf hflu/
k|f/De u/] . To;a]nf pgsf] pd]/ @@ jif{sf] lyof] . Toxf“ pgn] ljleGg kbdf /x]/ sfd
dl

u/] . hflu/sf clGtd lbglt/ pgL tTsfnLg snf ljefusf] ;xfos ;lrj / jfb\o k|aGws
ag]sf lyP .
*= /fdz/0f hGdg'eGbf rf/ jif{ cufl8 g} rls{Psf] 3/df pgsf] kl/jf/sf] u'hf/f
o\ jm|

rln/x]sf] lyof] . pgn] gof“ 3/ agfpg] s'/f t k/} hfcf];,\ cfly{s cefjn] ubf{ To;sf]
dd{t;d]t ug{ ;s]sf lyPgg\ . pgn] jif{ lbgcl3 g} Ps]8d] Ldf 3/ dd{t ug{sf nflu k]:sL
/sd dfu]sf lyP t/ k|zf;lgs emd]nfsf sf/0fn] ;dodf k};f kfpg ;s]gg\ . lj= ;+= @)@%
kf7

;fnsf] b;}k“ l5 k/]sf] clj/n jiff{n] pgsf] 3/ uNof{du'nd'{ 9Nof] . To;tfsf pgnfO{ Pskl5
csf]{ u/L lgs} rf]6 k¥of] . 3/ eTs“bf r]lkP/ pgsL cfdfsf] lgwg;d]t eof] . pgn] Ps]8d] Ldf
k]:sL dfu]sf] /sd Ps}rf]l6 pgsL cfdfsf] >fb\wkl5 dfq k|fKt eof] . oL cf3ftdfly

zAbfy{
d]G8f]lng M rf/ jf kf“r hf]8L tf/ x'g,] ulx/f] uf]nL t'Daf x'g] / ahfOg] Ps k|sf/sf] jfb\o oGq
lkofgf] Psl8{og M xfd]l{ god h:tf] Ps k|sf/sf] kfZrfTo afhf
tTsfnLg M Toltv]/sf]
k]:sL M clu|d ¿kdf lnOg] kfl/>lds
20 g]kfnL M sIff
 lj= ;+= @)@* ;fndf pgLdfly k]ml/ csf]{ cf3ft ylkof] . pgnfO{ lagf s;'/ Ps]8d] Lsf]
;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbOof] . To;kl5 dfq pgnfO{ hflu/eGbf JolStTj ljsf; g} a9L dxTTjk"0f{
x'g] /x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] af]w eof] .
(= bgf{nn] n]Vg] sfd kmf6\6k'm6\6 t ul//x]s} lyP . lj= ;+= @)@% ;fnsf] b'36{ gfn] pgsf]
hLjgnfO{ cs}l{ t/ df]l8lbof] . 3/ eTs“bf ;f/f d"Nojfg\ afhf gi6 eP . AofG8 ;~rfng klg
aGb eof] . o;kl5 pgn] afhf ahfpg] k];fnfO{ Tofu] . pgn] ;ª\uLt snf ljifodf cWoog
cg';Gwfg ug]{ ;ª\sNk u/] . hLjgsf] ljs6 df]8df k|f/De u/]sf] o; ofqfdf pgnfO{ s]xL
snfsf/ / ;ª\uLt1sf] xf};nf klg k|fKt eof] . lj= ;+= @)@% ;fndf jgf/;af6 k|sflzt
x'g] u/]sf] ‘;“ufnf]’ eGg] klqsfdf ‘g]kfnL ;+:s[ltdf afhfsf] :yfg’ zLif{ssf] klxnf] /rgf

G] b|
k|sflzt eof] . To;kl5 cGo kq klqsfdf klg pgsf ;ª\uLt ;DaGwL n]v /rgf 5flkg

s
yfn] . pgL la:tf/} n]vssf ¿kdf lrlgg yfn] . g]kfnsf d'Vo klqsf, hg{n cflbdf
n]vx¿sf] dfu x'g yfn]kl5 n]vgdf ;lj|mo x'g pgnfO{ s/} nfUof] . ;ª\uLt ljifos n]vkl5
snf / nf]s ;flxTosf ljifodf klg pgsf n]vx¿sf] k|sfzg k|f/De eof] . ;flxTosf

f;
af/]df ;d]t klg pgsf s]xL n]vx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . ltg} k'm6s/ n]vx¿sf] ;“ufnfsf ¿kdf
pgsf] k':ts k|sfzgsf] j|md klg k|f/De eof] . o; j|mddf pgsf ;ª\uLt kl/j|mdf, g]kfnL
js
;ª\uLt ;fws, ;ª\uLtsf] lj:t[t cjnf]sg, g]kfnL afuLgf / snf, g]kfnL afhf, ufog
z}nLnufotsf bh{g k':ts k|sflzt 5g\ . pgsf s]xL kf08'lnlksf] k|sfzg x'g ce}m af“sL
g} 5 . :jf:Yon] ;fy glbPsfn] g]kfnL ;ª\uLt sf]z / g]kfnL ;ª\uLtsf] Oltxf; tof/ ug]{
dl

of]hgf eg] pgsf] ;kgfd} lanfof] .

!)= bgf{n klxnf g]kfn Ps]8d] Lsf] Pp6f hflu/]sf ¿kdf ;Lldt lyP . hflu/af6 cjsfz k|fKt
u/]kl5 eg] pgsf] Jofks ;fdflhs hLjgsf] k|f/De eof] . o;kl5 pgnfO{ k|f1 ;efdf
o\ jm|

dgf]gog ul/of] . pgL lqe'jg ljZj ljb\ofnosf] ;ª\uLt ljifo ;ldltsf] ;b:o ag] . ;f]xL
j|mddf gf/fo0f uf]kfn o'jf ;ª\uLt sf]z, g]kfnL lzIff kl/ifb\, l5Ggntf uLt k'/:sf/ u'7L,
n'gs/0fbf; uª\ufb]jL rf}w/L ;flxTo snf dlGb/ cflbsf klg ;b:o ag] . ;fy} pgL ;f+:s[lts
kf7

;+jw{g ;ldlt -Do'lhs g]kfn_, g]kfn zf:qLo ;dfh, snflglw OlGb/f ;ª\uLt dxf ljb\ofno,
nf]safhf ;ª\ux| fno, g]kfn blnt ;flxTo tyf ;+:s[lt k|lti7fg, blnt a'bl\ whLjL k|lti7fg,
la;] gurL{ k|lti7fg cflbsf ;Nnfxsf/ klg ag] .
zAbfy{
cf3ft M dfgl;s si6 jf Joyf
ljs6 M cK7]/f], sl7g
kf08'lnlk M lnlvt jf 6ª\lst n]v /rgf
cjsfz M ;/sf/L ;]jf, ;fj{hlgs hLjg cflbaf6 kfPsf] lj>fd
k|f1 M ljlzi6 ljåfg\
g]kfnL M sIff ( 21
!!= g]kfnsf nf]suLt / nf]safhf
To;} x/fP/ hfnfg\ eg]/
bgf{nn] b]zsf bfr'n{ f, 8f]6L,
aemfª, afh'/f / c5fd
h:tf cgsG6f/ e"efudf
;d] t sfd u/] . pgn]
nf]suLt / nf]safhfnfO{
kl5Nnf] k' : tfsf nflu
hf]ufP/ /flvlbg'kg]{ ;DklTt

G] b|
7fg] . ToxL sf/0fn] pgL

s
hLjge/ To;}df ;dlk{t eP .
;ª\uLts} ;Gbe{df pgn]
ef/t, yfONofG8 / hfkfgsf]
f;
klg e|d0f u/] . pgL xfd|f afhfufhfnfO{ hf]ufpgsf nflu ltgsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f ul/g'
cfjZos 7fGy] . pgL xfd|f cfk\mg} tfn, /fu / :j/sf] dxTTj ga'em] / dfq gof“ k':tf kfZrfTo
js
;ª\uLttk{m cfslif{t ePsf] 7fGy] . gof“ k':tfnfO{ tL s'/f a'emfpg ;s]df pgLx¿df cfk\mg}
;ª\uLttk{m ?lr a9\5 eGg] pgsf] ljZjf; lyof] . kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;ª\uLtsf If]qdf u}/
ljz]if1x¿sf] af]njfnf ePsfdf pgL lvGgtf k|s6 uy]{ . pgL dfbnsf] tfnlagf aGb'ssf]
dl

gfn klg lkmtnf] x'G5 eGg] 7fGy] . o;/L x]bf{ bgf{nn] ;flxTo÷;ª\uLtsf] dxTTjnfO{ ulx/fOdf
uP/ a'em] sf] b]lvG5 . n]vssf af/]df pgL eG5g\, æ;f“rf] cy{df n]vs ToxL xf], hf] k|lts"n
kl/l:ylt / sl7g cj:yfdf klg cfk\mgf] n]vgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ul//xG5, cfk\mgf] ;fwgfaf6
o\ jm|

slxNo} ljd'v x'b“ g} .Æ pgn] y'k}| uLtsf w'gsf] l;h{gf u/]sf lyP . cfhsf] lbg;Dd klg ;a}sf
d'vdf e'mlG8g ;kmn ‘ufp“5 uLt g]kfnL, Hof]ltsf] kª\v prfnL’ uLtsf] w'gsf ;|i6f pgL g}
lyP . bgf{nn] c¿ klg y'k}| w'gsf] l;h{gf u/]sf lyP . g]kfnL ;ª\uLtdf lutf/nfO{ leœofpg]
kf7

sfd klg pg}n] u/]sf lyP . o;/L kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0fsf] k|/] 0ff:j¿k hfu]sf] ?lr / cfk\mgf]
tk:of Pjd\ ;dk{0fn] g} pgnfO{ cd/tf k|bfg u¥of] .
!@= cefj} cefjsf lardf /x]/ klg pgn] u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yfn]
bgf{nnfO{ ;Ddfg k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] 8f= cDa]8s/ k]mnf]l;k -;g\ !(()_, uf]/vf
blIf0fafx' -@)$(_, ls/f“tZ] j/ ;ª\uLtf>d -@)%!_, ;fwgf snf ;Ddfg -@)%@_, snflglw
;ª\uLt ;Ddfg -@)%#_ nufotsf bh{geGbf a9L ;Ddfg k|fKt u/]sf lyP . logsf cltl/St

zAbfy{
ljd'v M ljk/Lt lbzftk{m kms{g,] pN6f]
22 g]kfnL M sIff
 pgn] /fli6«o k|ltef k'/:sf/ -@)%#_, n"gs/0fbf; uª\ufb]jL rf}w/L k'/:sf/ -@)^@_, hubDaf>L
k'/:sf/ -@)^%_ nufotsf /fli6«o k'/:sf/ klg k|fKt u/]sf lyP .
!#= ;/n Jojxf/sf wgL / cys ;ª\3if{sf Oltxf; /x]sf bgf{nnfO{ klxnf cfly{snufotsf
ljleGg ;d:ofn] 3]/] . hLjgsf clGtd jif{x¿lt/ z/L/n] ;fy lbg 5f8\of] . kl5Nnf %÷^ jif{
pgnfO{ kfls{G;g /f]un] ;tfof] . Tolt x'b“ f klg pgL ;sL g;sL cWoog÷cg';Gwfgdf eg]
nflu/x] . kfls{G;gsf sf/0f z/L/n] e/ glb“bf pgL n8]/ a]xf]; eP . pgn] P3f/ lbg;Dd
c:ktfndf cr]t cj:yfdf d[To';u“ kf}7“ fhf]/L v]n] . cflv/ d[To'sf cufl8 hLjgsf] s]xL
nfu]g . cfOtaf/sf] Pp6f ;f“emnfO{ cem a9L cGwsf/ / g/dfOnf] agfp“b} pgL a]xf];Ld} &$

G] b|
jif{sf] pd]/df o; ;+;f/af6 labf eP . Tof] b'Mvb\ cfOtaf/] ;f“em @)^* ;fn c;f]h ! ut]sf]
lyof] .

s
!$= blnt kl/jf/df hlGdPsf sf/0fn] pgn] w]/} ckdfg / b'Mv vk]sf lyP . pgn] ef]us ] f hftLo
ckdfgsf s'/f cfhsf dflg;n] t sNkgf;Dd klg ug{ ;St}gf}“ . :yflkt ;flxTosf/;d]t
f;
sljtfsf cfj/0fdf pgLdfly hftLo ckdfg ug{ r'St}g lyP . pgL hftLo ckdfg / e]befjsf]
o; s'/LltnfO{ ldNsfpg rfxGy] . hfltsf cfwf/df ul/g] cdfgjLo Jojxf/ dfgjtf lj/f]wL
js
sd{ xf] eGg] dfGotf pgsf] lyof] . pgsf lktf ;Tos'df/ blntn] kz'kltdf k|jz ] kfpg'k5{
eGg] cfGbf]ngsf cleoGtf lyP . hLjgsf] pTt/fw{lt/ /fdz/0fn] hftLo d'lSt cleofgcGtu{t
dl

cfk\mgf ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿nfO{ ;ª\ul7t ug]{ sfd u/]sf lyP . olt eP/ klg pgsf] d"n pmhf{
eg] k|fl1s sd{tk{m g} ;dlk{t eof] . pgn] cfk"mnfO{ c;Lldt ;ª\3if{sf] s;Ldf 3f]l6Psf]
csa/L ;'gsf ¿kdf pEofpg ;kmn eP . pgL cfk\mgf s[ltut of]ubfgsf sf/0fn] g]kfnLsf
dg dl:tisdf ;b}j hLljt /x]sf 5g\ .
o\ jm|

zAbfy{
kf7

cys M gyfs]sf], gyfSg]

kfls{G;g M g;f v'lDrg] /f]u
kf}7“ fhf]/L M ;ª\3if{, an k|bz{gsf] v]n

g]kfnL M sIff ( 23
 cEof;
;'gfO
!= k|:t't hLjgLsf] bf];f| ] / kf“rf}“ cg'R5]b lzIfs jf sIffsf] s'g} Ps ljb\ofyL{n] jfrg u/]sf]
;'g/] l7s a]l7s 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M
-s_ /fdz/0f g]kfnL ;]gfsf] AofG8sf gfOs] lyP .
-v_ /fdz/0fsf lktf sfdsf] vf]hLdf ljb]z uP .
-u_ /fdz/0fsf lktf b/af/ xfO:s'ndf k9\b} lyP .

G] b|
-3_ /fdz/0fsf] dfdf3/ ynL / uf]s0f{df lyof] .

s
-ª_ /fdz/0fn] k|jl] zsf k/LIff dfq} pTtL0f{ ug{ kfPsf lyP .
@= tnsf] kf7 ;'Gg'xf];\ / pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
f;
sfn'l;+x /gkx]nL ef/tLo g]kfnL ;flxTosf/ x'g\ . pgsf lktfk'vf{ g]kfnaf6} /f]huf/Lsf
l;nl;nfdf ef/t k;]sf lyP . sfn'l;+xsf] hGd ef/tdf g} ePsf] lyof] . ef/tsf] l;nLu'8Lsf
js
:yfoL afl;Gbf sfn'l;+xn] v;f{ª /]l8of]df lt; jif{;Dd sfd u/] . clxn] pgL cjsfzsf] hLjg
latfO/x]sf 5g\ . d"n ¿kdf kqsf/ eP klg pgn] ;flxTosf If]qdf klg plTts} dxTTjk"0f{
of]ubfg lbPsf 5g\ . pgsf] vfl/Psf] sndsf] kl/ro syf / sljtf ljwfdf kfOG5 .
dl

-s_ sfn'l;+x /gkx]nL sf] x'g\ <

-v_ pgnfO{ lsg ef/tLo g]kfnL elgPsf] xf] <
o\ jm|

-u_ pgsf lktfk'vf{ lsg ef/t k;]sf lyP <

-3_ pgsf] d"n kl/ro s] xf] <
kf7

-ª_ pgL ;flxTosf s'g s'g ljwfdf lrlgPsf 5g\ <

#= kf7sf] t];f| ] cg'R5]b >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .
af]nfO
!= tnsf zAbx¿ l7s;“u pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ / pbfx/0fdf b]vfP h:t} u/L n]Vg'xf];,\ h:t} M
kof{Kt÷k/\=ofk\=t
vl6/f]÷v=l6=/f]=
cfly{s, b[li6, pRrf/0f, a'bl\ whLjL, Joj:yf
24 g]kfnL M sIff
@= cf}krfl/s lzIff k|fKt gu/]sf] dflg; klg ljåfg\ aGg ;S5 eGg] ljifodf cfk\mgf ;fyLx¿sf
lardf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ . To;af6 k|fKt lgisif{nfO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
#= 3/sf] cfly{s cefjn] k9fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg g;s]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ sIffsf b'O{ hgf
;fyL ldnL clego;lxt sIffdf s'/fsfgL ug'x{ f];\ .
$= tkfO{s
“+ f jl/kl/ pknAw x'g] afhfsf ljifodf s]xL a'b“ f tof/ ug'x{ f];\ / To;s} cfwf/df
sIffdf k|:t'lt ug'x{ f];\ .
k9fO

G] b|
!= t];f| ] cg'R5]bnfO{ b|t' jfrg ug'x{ f];\ / ;f] cg'R5]b k9\g tkfO{n“+ fO{ slt ;do nfUof], To;sf]

s
x]Ssf /fVg'xf];\ .
@= ult / oltdf Wofg lbO{ kf7sf] clGtd cg'R5]b ;:j/ jfrg ug'x{ f];\ .

f;
#= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
Pp6f dfG5]sf] hLjgdf !@ jif{ ;f/} 7'nf] sfnv08 xf] . To;dfly klg ;ª\3if}{ ;ª\3if{, cefj}
js
cefjlar lat]sf] !@ jif{sf] s'/f leGg} x'G5 . cfz}cfzfsf] eUg uf]/6] fdf l3l;|/x]sf] ylst
lhGbuLsf] dflg;n] /f]Sg ;St}g ;dosf] k|jfxnfO{ . x]lnO/xG5 To;df pm rfx]/} jf
dl

grfx]/} . ;dosf] j|m" / k|jfxdf /fhwfgLdf x]lnPkl5sf] gGbnfn;“u e]6 eof] d]/f] – afUdtL
lsgf/sf] a:tL zª\vd"ndf, km/flsnf] rf}/sf] lardf af“;sf 6]sf nufP/ pEofOPsf] Pp6f
s}r
+ ] 5fk|fdf . kfn h:tf] b]lvg] kmf6]sf 6f6 / Knfl:6s tfgt'g kf/]/ pEofOPsf] lyof] p;sf]
af;:yfg . Toxf“leq lg:nf]6 Hj/f] cfP/ ;'lt/x]sf] lyof] p;sf] 5f]/f] lji0f' . cf]vtL lsGg]
o\ jm|

k};f geP/ gGbnfn / p;sL >LdtL kjgL /f]O/x]sf lyP . dnfO{ b]vk] l5 la/fdLn] cfk\mgf
/l;nf cf“vf p7fP/ dlt/ x]¥of] dfgf}“ pm elg/x]sf] lyof], æxfdL;“u s]xL klg t 5}g, g k};f
kf7

g vfg]s/' f .Æ
-6ª\s pk|t] L M ‘gGbnfnsf] o'u’ lgaGwaf6_
-s_ s:tf] vfn] af/ jif{sf] s'/f leGg} x'G5 <
-v_ ;dosf] k|jfxdf dflg; s;/L x]lnG5 <
-u_ k|:t't cg'R5]bdf gGbnfnsf] s:tf] cj:yfsf] lrq0f 5 <
-3_ gGbnfn / kjgL lsg /f]O/x]sf lyP <
-ª_ la/fdLsf cf“vf /l;nf x'gs
' f b'O{ cf]6f sf/0f s] s] x'g\ <
g]kfnL M sIff ( 25
 n]vfO
!= k|:t't hLjgL k9L tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ /fdz/0fsf lktf lsg ljb]z uPsf lyP <
-v_ pgsf] k'Vof}n{ L k];f s] lyof] <
-u_ /fdz/0fsf nflu k7g kf7g lsg :jKg;l/ aGg uof] <
-3_ pgsf] ?lr cWoogdf s;/L hfUof] <

G] b|
-ª_ pgsf] :jf:Yo afns sfndf s:tf] lyof] <

s
-r_ pgsL cfdfsf] lgwg s;/L eof] <
-5_ lj= ;+= @)@* df pgLdfly s:tf] ljkb\ cfOnfUof] <
f;
-h_ g]kfn Ps]8d] Lsf] hflu/n] pgnfO{ s:tf] cj;/ k|bfg u¥of] <
-em_ pgn] s] sf/0fn] k];f kl/jt{g u/] <
js
-`_ o'jf k':tfdf ;ª\uLttk{msf] ?lr s;/L a9fpg ;lsG5 <
dl

@= kf7sf] af/f}“ cg'R5]baf6 d'Vo d'Vo % cf]6f a'b“ f l6kL ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ .
#= kf7sf cfwf/df sDtLdf b; cf]6f ljz]if0f zAb /fvL /fdz/0fsf rfl/lqs ljz]iftfx¿
pNn]v ug'x{ f];\ .
o\ jm|

$= dflysf] hLjgLaf6 l;Sg'kg]{ s'/fx¿ s] s] x'g\ < a'b“ fut ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ .
%= JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M
kf7

-s_ dfbnsf] tfnlagf aGb'ssf] gfn klg lkmtnf] x'G5 .

-v_ cflv/ d[To'sf cufl8 hLjgsf] s]xL nfu]g .
-u_ ;f“rf] cy{df n]vs ToxL xf], hf] k|lts"n kl/l:ylt / sl7g cj:yfdf klg cfk\mgf]
n]vgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ul//xG5, cfk\mgf] ;fwgfaf6 slxNo} ljd'v x'b“ g} .
^= lgDg lnlvt a'b“ fsf cfwf/df ‘;flxTosf/ ;d’ zLif{sdf Pp6f hLjgL /rgf ug'x{ f];\ M
klxnf] cg'R5]b — lj= ;+= !(%( sf] hGd — hGd :yfg sf7df8f}“ — cfdf sLlt{/fHo
nIdL — a'af ;d/;d;]/ — j}ejzfnL kl/jf/ — bfh' k'is/;d;]/ — sdhf]/
:jf:Yosf — bfh'nfO{ a9L dfof u/]sfdf afns[i0fnfO{ kL8f af]w .
26 g]kfnL M sIff
 bf];f| ] cg'R5]b — 3/}df k+= ltndfwj b]jsf]6fåf/f lzIff/De — kl5 b/af/ xfO{:s'ndf k9]sf]
Dofl6«s;Dd — lqrGb| sn]hdf cfO=P:;L= ;Ddsf] cWoog — lar}df ;}lgs aGg' k/]sfn]
k9fO ck"0f{ — kl5 To;} sn]hdf k|fWofkg .
t];f| ] cg'R5]b — 3/}df /ª\ud~r — /f0ff b/af/dWo] ;a}eGbf pRr:t/sf] /ª\ud~r pgs}
3/df — Toxf“ gfrufg / gf6s k|bz{g eO/xg] — o;}n] gf6sk|lt pgsf] cfsif{0f — b/af/
:s'ndf k9\bf ljb]zL ;flxTosf/sf /rgf k9\g] cj;/ — ;f]xL j|mddf ;]S;lko/sf /rgf
k9]sf] — pgs} b'MvfGt gf6saf6 a9L k|efljt — gf6\o ;d|f6\sf] pkflw xfl;n ug{ ;kmn .
rf}yf] cg'R5]b — gf6s n]Vg] dfq xf]Og — clego klg ug]{ — lgb]z
{ g klg ug]{ — /ª\ud~rsf]

G] b|
tflnd klg lbg] — To;sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ vr{ klg cfk}m“ Joxf]g{] — gf6ssf If]qdf pgsf]
of]ubfg g/x]sf] eP cfh g]kfnL gf6s / /ª\ud~rsf] x}l;ot oxf“;Dd gcfOk'Ug] .

s
&= hLjgdf k|fKt cj;/n] dflg;nfO{ k|ult dfu{df 8f]¥ofp“5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ /fdz/0f bgf{nsf]
hLjgLsf cfwf/df ljj]rgf ug'x{ f];\ .

f;
*= tnsf] ;"rLdf ePsf zAb;“u jfSodf /]vfª\lst zAbsf] hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
js
sdhf]/, ul/aL, 5'66\ L, k|lt1f, d'St .
=========== -s_ pgL hflu/] hLjgaf6 lgj[Tt ePkl5 kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf emg\ hh{/ aGg
k'Uof] .
dl

=========== -v_ o:tf] ljkGgtfdf afNosfn u'hf/]sf /fdz/0fn] ljb\ofnosf] z'Ns;d]t ltg{
;s]gg\ .
o\ jm|

=========== -u_ pgn] cWoogdf nfUg] ;ª\sNk u/] .

=========== -3_ pgnfO{ lagf s;'/ ;f] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbOof] .
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=========== -ª_ dfbnsf] tfnlagf aGb'ssf] gfn klg lkmtnf] x'G5 .

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!= tnsf pbfx/0f k9]/ kb ;ª\ult klxrfg ug'x{ f];\ M
lnª\uut kb ;ª\ult – alxgL ljb\ofno uO{ . efOn] syf k9\of] .
jrgut kb ;ª\ult – Pp6f v;L x/fof] . b'O{ cf]6f v;L x/fP . e"sDk kLl8tx¿ kfndf a;] .
k'?ifut kb ;ª\ult – d ljb\ofno hfG5' . xfdLn] lxhf]sf] klqsf k9\of}“ . ltdL laxfg slt ah]
cfof} < t“ dfdf3/ hfG5;\ ls hf“bg} ;\ < d]/L 5f]/Ln] k'mnaf/L uf]8L . p;sf 5f]/fn]
t/sf/L ksfof] .
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 cfb/ut kb ;ª\ult – cfdfn] sn]hsf] sfd l;Wofpg'eof] . a'af a}7s ;s]/ ev{/ cfpg'eof] .
pgL xfd|f /fd|f ljb\ofyL{ x'g\ . t“ klg To:t} /fd|f] x'g] k|oTg u/\ . alxgL t To;} klg
ltdLeGbf c;n 5g\ .
@= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf lnª\uut, jrgut, k'?ifut / cfb/ut kb ;ª\ult ldnfpg'xf];\ M
lxhf] d rj|mkydf PSn} lx“l8/x]sf] lyP“ . PsfGt s'gflg/ k'Ubf Pp6L j[bw\ dlxnfn] kfgL
a]lr/x]sf] lyof] . ToxL a]nf csf]{ s]6L klg cfof] . p;n] To; dlxnfnfO{ ;xof]u u¥of] .
To;kl5 d rf“8} ljb\ofno k'u“] . cfh laxfg} xfd|f] ljb\ofnodf y'k}| dflg; cfof] . tLdWo]
;a}eGbf df]6f] s]6f] cufl8 ;¥of] . kfn] bfOn] klg xTtkTt 9f]sf vf]lnlbOg\ . To;kl5 ;a}

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dflg; leq k:of] . lxhf] ljb\ofnosf] Pp6f s]6f] uf8Laf6 v;]/ 3fOt] eP5g\ . To;}an] f b;
sIffsf ljb\ofyL{x¿ klg cfof] . pgLx¿ t ;w}“ Dofb gf3]kl5 dfq} kmf/fd a'emfpg cfp“5f} .

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ltdL t To;f] ulb{g xf]nf lg < a? ltdLx¿ slxn] cfp“5;\, klxNo} va/ ul//fv\ n ¤ ;Ltf
ltdLn] oL ;a}nfO{ ;dft]/ ;dod} n] . t“x¿sf] t dnfO{ kTof/} 5}g . d ljb\ofno uPsf a]nfdf
d]/f] 7'nf] dfdf Psflaxfg} d]/f] 3/df cfP5 . cfdf s's/' nfO{ 8'nfpg lg:s]sL lyO{ . a'af klg
f;
3/df lyPg . efO rflx“ lgbfO{ /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . cfdfeGbf cl3 s's/' leq k:g'eof] . pgn]
dfdfnfO{ b]Vgf;fy emlD6xfn] . xNnf ;'g/] efO klg Ao'e“ mg'eof] .
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#= kb ;ª\ult ldNg] u/L vfnL 7fp“ eg'x{ f];\ M
-s_ cfh sIff gf}sf s]6fx¿n] syf ======= .
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-v_ k'maf{ tfdfª sIffsfo{ ug{df lgk'0f ======.

-u_ ====== hlt ;a}n] k/LIff lauf/]5g\ .
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-3_ =========n] alxgLnfO{ eft v'jfO{ .

-ª_ =========== k'm6an v]Nb} 5g\ .
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$= pko'St kb ;ª\ult ldnfO{ cfk\mgf] kl/jf/sf] aofg ug'x{ f];\ .

kl/of]hgf sfo{
-s_ g]kfnsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf] ;Defjgfaf/] ljleGg ;|ft] af6 ;fdu|L ;ª\sng ug'x{ f];\ . k|fKt
;fdu|Lsf cfwf/df g]kfnsf] ko{6g k|jw{gsf] ;Defjgfsf af/]df lnª\u, jrg, k'?if /
cfb/;d]t k|of]u u/L cfn]v tof/ ug'x{ f];\ .
-v_ s'g} P]ltxfl;s JolSt jf 36gf;“u ;DalGwt a'b“ fx¿ ;ª\sng ug'x{ f];\ . ltgsf cfwf/df
cfn]v tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .

28 g]kfnL M sIff
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– ;'wf lqkf7L
!= d t rf]/ x'“ lg ¤ tkfO{n“ fO{ yfxf 5 ls 5}g < lsg cfk\mgf cf“vf 7'nf 7'nf kf/]/ tGsfpg'ePsf]
lg < tkfO{n“ ] dnfO{ ;Hhg ;Demg'ePsf] lyof] xf]nf . o;}n] kTofpg'ePg . ;b\b] dflg;n]
cfk"mnfO{ lagf sfddf rf]/ eGb}g eg]/ tkfO{n“+ ] dnfO{ dfgl;s /f]uL t ;Demg'ePg < t/ x]gf];{ ,\
dnfO{ dfgl;s /f]uL rflx“ geGg'xf];\ x}, tkfO“s { f d'vaf6 d]/f lglDt Tof] zAb lg:Sof] eg] ;To,

G] b|
d gl/;fP t s] ¤ dnfO{ tkfO{n“ ] rf]/ eGg'eof] eg] rflx“ d kSs} /dfp“5' . d ;f“Rr}sf] rf]/
rflx“ x',“ t/ kSsf rf]/ aGg rflx“ d}n] ce}m lgs} jif{ rf]g{] cEof; hf/L /fVg'k5{ . tkfO{s “ f

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cufl8 o;/L rf]/L :jLsf/ ubf{ dnfO{ 7\ofDd} nfh klg nfu]sf] 5}g / tkfO{n“ ] of] s'/f c¿nfO{
elglbg' xf]nf eGg] 8/ klg nfu]sf] 5}g . d}n] olt eGbf klg tkfO{“ lsg d]/f] s'/f kTofpg
;Sg'xG' g < g9f“6L eGg'xf];\ t, tkfO{n“ ] leqL dgb]lv g} dnfO{ ;Hhg ;Demg'ePsf] 5, xf] <
f;
@= d Odfgbf/ x'“ ls xf]Og eGg] s'/f t tkfO{n“ ] yfxf kfO;Sg'ePsf] 5}g t/ d cfk"mnfO{ Odfgbf/
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rf]/ agfpg k|oTg/t 5' . rf]/ klg sxL“ Odfgbf/ x'G5 / ¤ eGg] ts{ lemSg'xf]nf . rf]g{' g} lsg
k/]sf] lyof] < dfu] t eOxfNYof] lg ¤ eGg'xf]nf . d rf]/L ug{ afWo 5' . u'xo\ s'/f] t s] eg]
d}n] rf]g{] u/]sf s'/fx¿ t dfu]/ s'g} xfntdf klg kfpg ;lsGg, afWo eP/ rf]g{} k5{ . rf]g{
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afWo kfg]{ csf]{ d'Vo s'/f] s] eg] lg ¤ d c;fWo} ul/a 5', d;“u tL s'/fx¿ kof{Kt 5}gg\ .
ul/a eg]/ dfof u/]/ s;}n] oxf“ p;sf] rfxgf klg t kl/k"lt{ ul/lb“bg} lg ¤ w]/} eP bof;Dd
unf{ . dnfO{ bofdf af“Rg ;s; x'G5 .
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#= k]ml/ tkfO{n“ ] dnfO{ t“ tL s'/f grf]/L af“Rg ;Sb} ;lSbg;\ t < eg]/ ;f]lwxfNg'ef] . d tkfO{n“ fO{
9f“l6lbp“m ls ;f“rf] s'/f atfp“m t < eOxfNof] 9f“6l\ bg“ . Pp6f s'/f] 9f“6b\ f k]ml/ ;a} s'/f 9f“6s
] }
7xnf{ . d ;f“rf] s'/f rflx“ eG5' . x]gf];{ ,\ Ps d'7L ;f; hf]ufpg t kz'n] klg hfg]s}
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x'G5 . kz'n] hlt dfq} af“r/] xfdL dflg;sf] hftnfO{ k'U5 / < xf], ToxL kz'n] eGbf clnstf
a9L af“Rg dg nfUof] t/ cfk"m;“u yk lhGbuLsf nflu kof{Kt ;fdn lyPg . o;}n] /x/n] egf}“
ls s]n] egf}“ < rf]g{ rflx“ afWo eP/} rf]gk{' /]sf] xf] .
$= aNn ca rflx“ clnslt v';L nfUof] dnfO{, lsgeg] ca tkfO{n“ ] d]/f s'/f clnslt kTofpg
yfn]sf] efj tkfO{s“ f] cg'xf/df b]vf kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . laGtL, To; efjnfO{ an]sf] lbof] e}m“ cem
psf:g'xf];\ . kVg'xf];,\ tkfO{n“ fO{ d klg ;3fp“5' . tkfO{s
“ f] dgdf d}n] s] s] rf]/“] eGg] v'Nb'nL

zAbfy{
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s] < e}uf], tkfO{s
“ f] k'm;{bn] hlt y]Ug ;S5, Tolt dfq} ;'gfp“5' . nf} x]/, lsg Tolt ljlw r~rn
x'ge' Psf] < ;f;nfO{ lsg Tolt l56f] tfGb} 5f8\b} ug'e{ Psf] < d clxn] tkfO{n“ fO{ s]xL ;'gfp“b}
g;'gfO{ efu]“ eg] lg < P, n3fg]{ kf] ¤ eOxfNof], ca tkfO{n“ fO{ b'Mv lbGg“ t/ d}n] af]Nbfaf]Nb}
lardf s'g} k|Zg gug'x{ f]nf . ;f]w] klg d}n] ;a} s'/f atfO;s]kl5 dfq ;f]Wg'xf]nf .
%= rf]g{ kfP“ eg]/ d}n] h] kfof] ToxL rf]g{] xf] / < To;leqsf] uf“7L s'/f] rflx“ rf]5{' . h:tf] M au}r
“ fdf
hfG5', k'mnx¿nfO{ cf“vf / dgx¿n] :kz{ u5'{ . p;sf] d':sfg rf]5,{' cf“;' rf]5{' . ‘hLjg
Ifl0fs 5, o; Ifl0fstfdf d ;Gt'i6 5}g’ eGb} k'mnn] d'G6f] xNnfp“bf k'mnaf6 Ifl0fstfsf] efj
rf]5{' . afbnnfO{ x]//] p;sf] uDeL/tf rf]5{' . slxn]sfxL“ t afbn l/;fp“5, a];/L uh]/{ ufnL

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u5{, lemlnNn kfb}{ cu'N6f] k\mof“S5 . p;sf] ufnL / l/;df ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6 nxnxfpg] l;h{gfTdstf
n'ss] f] x'G5 . hLjgsf nflu To:tf] ;sf/fTds ufnL / l/; cfjZos x'g] ePsfn] d ltgsf]

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efj rf]5{' . clg s]xL l;k gnfu]/ afbn slxn] ;'S“ s ;'S“ s t slxn] 8f“sf] 5f8]/ ?g
yfN5 . d p;sf] To; cf“;s ' f] Oltxf; rf]//] v';S' s efU5' . slxNo} guNg] / gyfSg]
kxf8x¿nfO{ x]//] ltgLx¿sf] k|tLIffleqsf] w}os
f; { f] efj rf]5{' . lxp“bdf kft em/]/ gfª\u} ePsf
?vx¿df j;Gtdf kfn'jf knfPsf] b]v/] ltgLx¿af6 gj hLjgsf] efj rf]5{' . ;Nnf3f/Lsf
;';fOx¿af6 56k6L / lgMZjf;sf
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efj rf]5{' . klx/fx¿af6 leqleq}
ps';d's'; eO/x]sf] kxf8sf]
rf]6sf] efj rf]5,{' gbLgfnfaf6
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;ª\uLt rf]5{' . hLjgdf lx+;s | tf

pv]Ngsf nflu lx+;s | tfs} vf“rf]
x'G5 . o;}n] lx+;s | kz'x¿sf
hLjgaf6 lx+;s | tf rf]5{' . r/f
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r'?ª\uLsf lr/Lla/Laf6 pgLx¿sf

hLjgsf] syf rf]5'{, pGd'Sttf
rf]5{' . z'is k|sl[ taf6 lg/;tf
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rf]5,{' x/fe/f jf;GtL k|sl[ taf6

pT;fx rf]5{' .
zAbfy{
n3fg'{ M wkfpg'
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k|tLIff M kvf{O
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z'is M ;'Svf
30 g]kfnL M sIff (
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] f], 7u]sf], n'6s
] f] 5}g / < oL s'/fx¿ rf]bd{} f
k|sl[ t slxn] kf] l/lTtPsf] 5 / < d efj rf]5,{' k|sl[ tsf] efiff p;};u“ /xG5 . k|sl[ tsf] ;j{:j
xfdL hLjx¿s} ;DklTt t xf] . ;a}n] plTts} pkof]u ug{ kfp“5g\ . d rflx“ cln nf]eL 5',
c¿sf] eGbf cln 7'nf] efu kfpg] nfn;f 5 . oxL yk efusf nflu d rf]/L ub}{ 5' . k|sl[ t cfdf
x'g,\ ;Gtfg;“u ;w}+ ?i6 eO/xg klg ;lStgg\ lg ¤
&= d}n] cfh;Dd ;aeGbf a9L rf]/L cfdfaf6} u/]sL 5' . d]/f lglDt hut\e/s} cfdfx¿ d]/L
cfdfdf cfP/ Psfsf/ ePsf 5g\ . d]/L cfdf cfdf dfq xf]Ogg\, d]/L lgs6td ;“lugL klg
x'g\ . o;}n] t d}n] cfdfsf] cleGg ldq ag]/ pgLaf6 cfdf efj rf]/“] . ;Gtfg ljof]usf] kL8f
klg d]/L cfk\mg} cfdfaf6 rf]/“] . d]/L b[li6 x'g\ cfdf, ;+;f/nfO{ x]g{] efj klg pg}af6 rf]/“] . pgL

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5f]/fnfO{ klg sd dfof ulb{gg\ . 5f]/LnfO{ ce}m a9L dfof gu/L gx'g] 7flG5g\ . 5f]/Ln] s'l“ hPsf
kv]6fnfO{ lj|mofzLn gagfO{ gx'g] eGg] kljq efj klg d}n] pg}af6 rf]/“] . ;dfhn] l;lh{Psf

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5f]/L hftsf n}ªl\ us ljifdtfn] /GylgPsf pgsf efj rf]/“] . v}, pgLaf6 t s] s] rf]/“] s] s] ¤
*= cfdfnfO{ dfq xf] / ¤ d}n] t afafnfO{ ;d]t rf]l/gaf6 hf]ufpg ;lsg“ . ;fdflhs k|k~rsf]
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rflx“ afafsf] cf1fsf/L k'qL ag]/ pgLaf6 lkt[efj rf]/“] . cfh /fd|/L ;f]Rbf kf] yfxf kfP“, d}n]
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dgdf ltgnfO{ lj/fhdfg u/fP/ cJoSt efjgfsf k'ikx¿ xb{d ck{0f ul//x]sL 5' .
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dflg;x¿n] cfk;df ljlgdo u/]sf ofjt\ k|sf/sf k|d] b]v“] eg] o;} o;} ltgLx¿lt/ tflgg
yfN5', ldqtf u5'{ . pgLx¿nfO{ To;df ljZj:t agfp“5' . To;kl5 ;'6S' s, pgLx¿n] yfxf
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9f“rfsf kltkTgL;“u glhlsG5' . ltgsf ljleGg vfn] efjx¿ rf]5{' . s;}nfO{ bfh' efph"
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?i6 M l/;fPsf]
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k|k~r M rf“hf]kf“hf]
lgeL{s M lg8/
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lkt[efj M lktfdf x'g] efjgf
lj/fhdfg M /x]sf]÷zf]efodfg
ck{0f M >b\wfk"js
{ lbg] sfd
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rf]5{' .
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b'Mvn] ?“bf / 56k6fp“bf d cfk"m klg pgLx¿;“u} ?“b} / 56k6fp“b} pgLx¿sf efj ;'6S' s
rf]//] cfk\mgf] dgdf yGSofPsL 5' . b'MvL ul/asf] b'Mv, kL8f, bf;tf cflbsf] j|mGbgsf]
Odfgbf/ >f]tf / ;XboL z'e lrGts ag]/ pgLx¿af6 tL ;a} s'/fsf] kL8fsf] efj rf]/s ] L
5' . cfk"m h:t} cGo g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf hLjgaf6 lg:;f/nfUbf] ?jfO / s'07fsf] efj klg
rf]/s] L 5' . of] efj t d]/f] Xboaf6 hlt vGofP klg l/lTtg ;s]sf] 5}g . ?jfO / s'07fsf
lgTo gjLg efjx¿ dgel/, dl:tisel/ pynk'yn eO/x]5g\ .

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gx'gf];\ . d]/f] dg b;sf}b“ l] v rf]/Ldf cEo:t eO;s]sf]
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ceLi6 eO;s]sf] 5 . s'g} lbg s]xL rf]l/g“ eg] t s]
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lal;{P lal;{P h:tf] nfU5 . dnfO{ tkfO{s “ f cufl8
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xft k}mnfPsL 5' . pgLx¿n] dnfO{ lgZ5n, lgisk6,

kljq, l:gUw dfofsf] ;fu/df r'nD{' d 8'afPsf 5g\ .
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af“sL h'7f] klg k|;fb e}m“ u/]/ vfPsL 5' . d]/f]

cf“vfdf x]/ t sf] 5 < eGb} cfk\mgf cf“vfdf ePsf]
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lgisk6 M sk6 gePsf]
l:gUw M ;'sf]dn, dfofn', ;'dw'/
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xftn] dnfO{ c“ufn]/ ltgLx¿ xf“:bf cfk"m klg pgLx¿l;t xf“:bfxf“:b} pgLx¿n] kTt} gkfO{
pgLx¿af6 xf“;f] / pNnf;sf Gofgf efjx¿ rf]/s ] L 5' . pgLx¿ ?“bf cfk"m klg ;“u;“u} /f]P/
pgLx¿af6 cf“;s ' f afn efjx¿ rf]/s] L 5' .
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klg cfgGbsf] efj rf]/s] L 5' . ;'vfGts ;flxToaf6 eGbf klg b'MvfGts ;flxToaf6 a9L uxg
cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 . o;}n] t ;+;f/df b'MvfGts ;flxTosf] k|efjnfO{ a9L tLj| dflgg] u5{ . o;}n]
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k'mnsf] ;f}Gbo{af6 lzNk rf]/s] L 5' . k|sl[ t tyf dfgjaf6 pkdf rf]/s ] L 5' . cem lbn vf]n/]

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eGg] xf] eg] bGTosyfaf6 rf]/s ] f] pkdf cfh;Dd dnfO{ ;aeGbf a9L lk|o nfu]sf 5g\ .

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nfu]sf] lyof] . k]ml/ s] ;f]Wg cf“6g\ e' Psf] < P ¤ tL ;a} s'/f sxf“ /fv]sL 5' /] < x'G5, kVg'xf];,\

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js
5' . cfh;Dd s;}n] klg daf6 s]xL klg rf]/s ] } 5}g . ;fob rf]g{ nfos s]xL gb]v/] kf] xf]
ls ¤ slxn]sfxL“ t cfk"maf6 klg rf]/fpg /x/ nfU5 . rf]gn{] ] grf]l/lbPkl5 d]/f] s] nfU5
/ < t/ s'/f csf]{ klg 5 . o:tf s'/f rf]bf{ Ps t rf]l/g]nfO{ gf]S;fg klg x'b“ g} , csf]{ p;nfO{
dl

kTtf] klg x'b“ g} . o;}n] cfk"m rf]l/Psf] s'/f d}n] kTt} gkfPsf] klg x'g ;S5 .
!$= olt ;a} eO;s]/ klg :jod\nfO{ o;f] 5fdL x]5{' t/ l/Sttf l;jfo s]xL kfp“lbg“ . hlt g} rf]/L
u/] klg cfk"m t sª\ufnsf] sª\ufn g} . n, To;/L lsg xf“:g'ePsf] < gkTofP/ xf]nf . cl3
o\ jm|

klg t tkfO{n“+ ] d}n] cfk"mnfO{ rf]/ eg]/ 3f]if0ff ubf{ kTofpg'ePsf] lyPg lg ¤ d}n] ;a} s'/f
eg]kl5 of] s'/f klg tkfO{“ cjZo kTofpg'xG' 5 . c“ t, ;'Ggxf];,\ cfk\mgf efjx¿nfO{ cIfo
sf]ifsf ¿kdf dgleq} kf“h/] /fv]sL lyP“ . cGoqaf6 rf]l/Psf efjx¿ l/lTtPkl5 cfk\mgf
kf7

zAbfy{
ljl:dt M cfZro{df k/]sf]
k'nlst M /dfPsf]
pNnf; M v';L
b'MvfGts M b'Mvdf 6'ªl\ uPsf]
;'vfGts M ;'vdf 6'ªl\ uPsf]
cIfo sf]if M gdfl;g] 9's6' L
g]kfnL M sIff ( 33
 efjsf] ef]u rng ug]{ ;'/ lyof] . k'5f/df cfk\mgf efj / To;}dfly cGoqaf6 rf]l/Psf efjx¿
y'kfg]{ u/]sL lyP“ . tL rf]l/Psf efjn] lyRbflyRbf cfk\mgf efj t hDd} kfgL k/]sf] l;d]G6 e}m“
hld;s]5g\ . s'g} lbg rf]/L ug]{ OR5f d¥of] eg] t d 7'nf] gbLsf larsf] ljzfn kTy/
;/x z'is x'g s] a]/ ¤ xf]Og t <
!%= sxf“ x'g' < wgL eP/ d}n] o:tf] s'/f u/]s} xf]Og . ;f“Rr} tkfO{n“ ] o;f] eGbf t d]/f] lrTt
b'MVof] . d}n] t tkfO{n“ fO{ ;d]t k/f]If rf]/ 7x¥ofPsL 5' . k|ToIf rf]g{] dfq rf]/ x'G5 / <
rf]/Lsf ;fdfg pkof]u ug]{ klg t rf]/ g} x'G5 lg ¤ tkfO{“ cfk\mgf] cg'xf/sf s'g} /]vf klg
gvhdHofO{ xf]Og eGg ;Sg'xG' 5 < lsg To;/L 6f]nfpg'eof] < tkfO{n“ ] rf]/Lsf ;fdfg pkof]u

G] b|
ug'e{ Psf] 5}g /] < t} ;DemL x]gx{' f];\ t . kl5 d}n] elg;s]kl5 P xf] t geGg'xf]nf lg ¤

s
!^= s'/f s] eg] lg ¤ d}n] cfk\mgf rf]/Lsf dfnx¿ ;flxTosf dfWodaf6 ;a}nfO{ af“8g\ ] u/]sL
5' . pm ¤ pm ¤ d':s'/fpg'ef] xf]Og t < d}n] eg]sL lyP“ lg ¤ Psflt/af6 rf]¥of], csf{lt/
y'kf¥of] . u“8o\ f}nf h:t} eOg“ t d < t/ d ;f/} b'MvL 5' . lsg eg] lg ¤ grf]g{' rf]l/;s]kl5
f;
cs}l{ t/ g} eP klg rf]/Lsf ;a} s'/f y'kfg{ ;s] t a];} lyof] . tLdWo] slt d]/f cfk\mgf dgsf
efj;“u ldn]/ h8 x'G5g\, slt k/:k/ lj/f]wL efjx¿;“u ldn]/ ljn'Kt x'G5g\, slt rflx“
js
;flxTo¿kL 9's6' Ldf k'¥ofP/ vGofp“bf vGofp“b} otfptf kf]lvP/ v]/ hfG5g\ . d'l:snn] Ps
rt'yf{z+ efj dfq 9's6' Ldf hDdf x'g k'U5g\ . Tolt oTgn] ;“ufn]sf] :d[ltk'~h Psrf]l6
dl

n]lv;s]kl5 To;} To;} lj:d[t aGg k'U5 . csf]{ :d[lt g;“uflnGh]n rflx“ a;\ pxL dgsf]
l/Sttf dfq} ¤ o;}n] t d ;flxTosf/ aGg klg c¿sf Xbosf] efj rf]g{' k/]g / < ldq ¤ ca
tkfO{“ klg d}n] e}m“ v'nf Xbon] eGg'xf];\ t tkfO{n“ ] d]/f] s:tf] d"Nofª\sg ug'e{ of] <
o\ jm|

-‘hLjg ;"q / :jKgfef;’ lgaGw ;ª\ux| af6_

kf7

zAbfy{
kf“h/] M 6Dd ldnfP/
k/f]If M ck|ToIf
rt'yf{z+ M rf/ efusf] Ps efu
:d[ltk'~h M ;Demgfsf] ;“ufnf]

34 g]kfnL M sIff (
 cEof;
;'gfO
!= lgaGwsf] kf“rf}“ cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / tnsf l7s a]l7s egfO 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M
-s_ k'mnaf6 Ifl0fstfsf] efj rf]l/G5 .
-v_ k'mn l/;fp“5, a];/L uh]/{ ufnL u5{ .
-u_ ;Nnf3f/Lsf ;';fOaf6 kxf8sf] rf]6sf] efj rf]l/G5 .

G] b|
-3_ r/f r'?ª\uLaf6 n]vsn] hLjgsf] syf / pGd'Sttf rf]5{ .

s
@= lgaGwsf] clGtd cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ eGg'xf];\ M
-s_ rf]/Lsf] dfn af“8g\ ] dfWod s] xf] <

f;
-v_ rf]/Lsf] slt efj rflx“ 9's6' Ldf hDdf x'G5 <
js
-u_ n]vsn] rf]g{] s'/fsf] d"Nofª\sg tkfO{n“ ] s;/L ug'e{ of] <
#= tnsf] cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
dl

;~rf/n] xfd|f] hLjgsf ;a} If]qnfO{ k|efljt t'Nofp“5 . n}ªl\ us e"ldsfsf af/]df klg ;~rf/
hut\ k|efjsf/L x'G5 . kq klqsf, 6]lnlehg, rnlrq ;a}df k'?if / dlxnfsf] e"ldsfsf] j0f{g
kfOG5 . logn] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg e"ldsfsf] j0f{g ul5{g\ . rfln; jif{cl3;Dd ;+;f/df
of] cj:yf lyPg . ;'?df dlxnfnfO{ 5f]/f5f]/L x]g{] / 3/sf] sfd ug]{ e"ldsf lbOGYof] . cfdfn]
o\ jm|

3/ a:g] / afa'n] aflx/ uP/ sfd ug]{ k/Dk/fut k|:t'lt clxn] klg 6]lnlehg / rnlrqdf
b]lvG5 . o:tf] k|:t'ltn] ;dfhdf n}ªl\ us c;dfgtfnfO{ sfod /fV5 . dfG5]sf] n}ªl\ us
kf7

leGgtf zf/Ll/s dfq xf] . ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts e"ldsfdf dlxnf k'?if ;dfg x'g\ . k"0f{ /
Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf] :yfkgfsf nflu k'?if dlxnfdf ;d Jojxf/ cfjZos 5 .
-s_ dlxnfsf] e"ldsfsf] j0f{g kfOg] ;~rf/sf dfWod s'g s'g x'g\ <
-v_ ;'?df dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ s;/L x]l/GYof] <
-u_ n}ªl\ us Gofo lsg cfjZos 5 <
-3_ o; cg'R5]bsf] d'Vo ;Gb]z s] xf] <
$= kf7sf] rf}wf}“ cg'R5]b >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 35
 af]nfO
!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] l7s pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ / pbfx/0fdf b]vfP h:t} u/L pRrf/0f ul/Psf]
s'/f n]Vg'xf];\ M
h:t} M hLjg÷lhag, cf1fsf/L÷cfUUof“sfl/
Ifl0fs, v'Nb'nL, ;x[boL, k|tLIff, ceLi6, l/Sttf, :d[ltk'~h, d"Nofª\sg, l:gUw, lj:d[t
@= lgaGwdf n]vsn] s]sf nflu lsg rf]/L ug]{ ljrf/ agfPsL x'g\ eGg] af/]df ;d"xdf 5nkmn
u/L To;sf] lgisif{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .

G] b|
#= dlgnf / k|jz ] Pp6f k':ts k;ndf e]6 x'G5g\ . s:tf] k':ts k9\g] eGg] af/]df pgLx¿sf

s
lar x'g] s'/fsfgL n]vL xfpefp;lxt sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
$= tkfO{“+ cfk"mnfO{ s;/L lrgfpg'xG' 5 < cfk\mgf af/]df a'b“ f agfpg'xf];\ / sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
f;
k9fO
js
!= rf}yf] / kf“rf}“ cg'R5]bnfO{ ;:j/ jfrg ug'x{ f];\ / tL cg'R5]b k9\g tkfO{n“ fO{ slt ;do nfUof],
lzIfsnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ .
dl

@= kf7 k9]kl5 n]vs s:tf] vfnsL rf]/ x'g\ eGg] s'/f cg'dfg ug'e
{ of], n]Vg'xf];\ .
#= ‘d sf] x'’“ lgaGw k9L o;sf ;a} ljifonfO{ ;d]6g\ ] u/L ;d"xdf kf“r cf]6f k|Zg lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\
/ lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ .
o\ jm|

$= pSt k|Zgsf] pTt/ klg tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
n]vfO
kf7

!= lgaGwsf] ;ftf}“ cg'R5]baf6 d'Vo d'Vo kf“r a'b“ f l6kL ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ .
@= lgaGwsf d'Vo d'Vo ;Gb]zsf af/]df ljj]rgf ug'x{ f];\ .
#= JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ k|sl[ t t k|sl[ t g} eof], p;nfO{ s;n] rflx“ rf]/s
] f], 7u]sf], n'6s
] f] 5}g / <
-v_ cfdfafafafx]s d]/f] csf]{ O{Zj/ 5}g .
$= ‘d k'mn x'’“ zLif{sdf Pp6f cg'R5]b /rgf ug'x{ f];\ .

36 g]kfnL M sIff (
%= ‘d]/f ;kgfx¿’ eGg] zLif{sdf ;j{ky| d lzIfsaf6 a'b“ fx¿ k|fKt ug'x{ f];\ . lzIfsaf6 k|fKt tL
a'b“ fnfO{ lgaGwsf ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ .
^= ‘zf/bLo cfsfz’ zLif{sdf a'b“ f tof/ kf/L Pp6f cfTdk/s lgaGw /rgf ug'x{ f];\ .
&= /]vfª\lst zAbnfO{ tn lbOPsf cy{;u“ hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
c;dfgtf, snf, 3lgi7, ;'dw'/, clgTo
=====!= dnfO{ lgZ5n, lgisk6, kljq, l:gUw dfofsf] ;fu/df r'nD{' d 8'afPsf 5g\ .

G] b|
=====@= k'mnsf] ;f}Gbo{af6 lzNk rf]/s
] L 5' .
=====#= hLjg Ifl0fs 5 o; Ifl0fstfaf6 d ;Gt'i6 5}g .

s
=====$= d]/L cfdf cfdf dfq xf]Ogg\, d]/L lgs6td ;“lugL klg x'g\ .

f;
=====%= pgsf juL{o Pjd\ n}ªl\ us ljifdtfn] /GylgPsf efj rf]/“] .
*= lgaGw k9L tn ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
js
-s_ rf]/L :jLsf/ ubf{ klg n]vsnfO{ nfh gnfUg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <
-v_ n]vs lsg rf]/L ug{ afWo l5g\ <
dl

-u_ n]vsn] rf]g{] s'/fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <

-3_ cfdf / afafaf6 n]vsn] s] s] rf]/L ul/g\ <
o\ jm|

-ª_ n]vsn] afnsx¿;“u lsg ldqtf uf“;s

] L 5g\ <
(= ‘d sf] x'’“ lgaGwdf lgaGwsf/n] cfk"mnfO{ s;/L lrgfPsL 5g\, j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .
kf7

Jofs/0f
!= tnsf] cg'R5]bsf /]vfª\lst zAbx¿ ;j{gfd x'g,\ ltgnfO{ cEof; k'l:tsfdf ;fg'x{ f];\ M
d af6fdf lyP“ . af6fdf ;Ldf / :j¿k klg e]l6P . pgLx¿ ahf/ lx“8s ] f lyP . ca xfdL ;“u}
eof}“ . ahf/df ;Ldfn] cfk"mnfO{ h'Ttf lslgg\ . d rflx“ snd lsGg rfxGy]“ . k;ndf k'u/]
:j¿kn] eGof], æsnd lsGg] eP Tof] /fd|f] 5 .Æ ævf]O s'g rflx“ xf] <Æ ;Ldfn] ;f]lwg\ . æh'g
/fd|f] 5 ToxL lsG5'Æ, d}n] eg]“ . ahf/sf lardf sf] sf] e]l6P, s] s] b]lvP kTt} ePg . sf]xL
vf“b} lyP . s'g} s'g} k;ndf le8 lyP . ætkfO{“x¿ e]l6P/ /dfOnf] eof]Æ cGTodf d}n] eg]“ .
xfdLx¿n] cfh /dfOnf] u¥of}“ .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 37
@= kf7sf] klxnf]bl] v t];f| ] cg'R5]b;Dd k|of]u ePsf ;j{gfd zAbx¿ l6Kg'xf];\ .
#= d, xfdL, pgL, Tof], cfk"m, h'g, s'g, s], sf] h:tf ;j{gfd k|of]u u/L Pp6f cg'R5]b /rgf
ug'x{ f];\ .
$= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 b; cf]6f ;j{gfd gbf]xf]¥ofO{ l6Kg'xf];\ M
d /fd g]kfnL x'“ . Zofdf / sdn d]/f ;fyL x'g\ . xfdL ldn]/ k9\5f}“ . d cfk"m hftn] blnt
x'“ . Zofdf /fO{ / sdn afx'g x'g\ . pgLx¿ d;“u} vfG5g\ . Tof] blnt, of] /fO{, ltdL afx'g
eGg] efj xfdL;“u 5}g . s'g blnt, s'g afx'g eGg] s'/f ;fdflhs lje]b xf] . tkfO{d“ f klg s'g}
k|sf/sf] lje]bsf] efj x'gx' G' g . hf];s
' } eP klg xfdL dflg; xf}“ . k|To]sn] o;/L g} ;f]r]

G] b|
;dfhaf6 hftLo lje]b cfk}m“ x/fp“5 .

s
%= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\lst zAbx¿ gfdof]uL x'g,\ ltgnfO{ cEof; k'l:tsfdf ;fg'x{ f];\ M
s0ff{nLleq h'Dnf 5 . w]/} jif{;Dd h'Dnfdf uf8L k'ug] . h'DnfeGbf kl5 uf8L k'Ug] lhNnf klg
5g\ . h'Dnfdfly lxdfn 5 . h'Dnfleq ltnf gbL 5 . gbLkfl/ :ofpv]tL 5 . o;kfln :ofp
f;
/fd|f] kmn]5 . k';;Dd kv{b“ f bfd klg cfP5 . Jofkf/L;“u ls;fgn] k};f dfu] . k};f;lxt k'us
] f
Jofkf/L;“u pgLx¿n] k};fa]u/ :ofp g} lbPgg\ . dfu]cg';f/ k};f kfPkl5 pgLx¿n] 8f]sfel/
js
:ofp l6k] . 8f]sf];d]t ;fx'nfO{ lbP . Jofkf/L klg ls;fg;“u bª\u k/] . pgLx¿n] 3/dfly;Dd
uf8L k'¥ofP . 3/ cufl8af6 :ofp af]sfP . lar ahf/df k'¥ofP . uf8Lleq :ofp xfnL
g]kfnuGh;Dd k'¥ofP/ gfkmf sdfP . ls;fgsf 3/leq klg v'l;ofnL 5fof] .
dl

^= lgaGwaf6 b; cf]6f gfdof]uL zAb 5fgL cEof; k'l:tsfdf n]Vg'xf];\ .

&= ;“u, lagf, leq, adf]lhd, afx]s, jfkt, el/, lglDt, ;d]t, b]lv, dfly, lar h:tf gfdof]uL
o\ jm|

k|of]u u/L cfk\mgf af/]df j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .

*= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 !% cf]6f gfdof]uL zAb gbf]xf]¥ofO{ 5fg]/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
kf7

/df;“u k':ts 5 . pgL 6]andfly k':ts /flV5g\ . pgsf] 3/ tdf]/kfl/ 5 . pgnfO{ u'?k|lt
ljZjf; 5 . Ps lbg pgL u'?sxf“ uOg\ . u'?;dIf cfk"mn] ghfGg] s'/f ;f]lwg\ . pgnfO{ hLjg
ko{Gt gla;{g] u/L k9\g] dg lyof] . To;}n] k9\g;Dd kl9g\ . k':tsleqsf s'/f ;f]lwg\ .
cEof;cg';f/sf k|Zg ul/g\ . u'? klg pgsf] k9fOk|ltsf] hf“u/;“u kl/lrt x'ge' of] . lbgel/
k9fpg'eof] . /dfn] cfk\mgf] ck]Iff k'/f ul/g\ . To; afkt pgL;“u wGojfb lbg'eGbf a9L
s'/f lyPg . pgn] u'?af6 :ofaf;L;d]t kfOg\ . laxfg b; ah]bl] v ;f“em kf“r ah];Dd
kl9g\ . u'?cfdf;“u klg lrghfg ul/g\ . u'?dflysf] e/f];f klg JoSt ul/g\ . u'?cfdfn] klg
pgnfO{ 3/d'lg lnP/ hfg'eof] . u'?dfk{mt pgn] slt s'/f l;lsg\ Tof] klg elgg\ . o;
cltl/St pgn] u'?sL 5f]/LnfO{ klg e]l6g\ . cfk"meGbf 7'nL eP klg pgLl;t s'/fsfgL
ul/g\ . kf“r ah]kl5 pgL 3/ kmls{g\ .
38 g]kfnL M sIff (
(= tnsf /]vfª\lst zAbdWo] ;+of]hs / lgkftnfO{ 5'66\ f5'66\ } tflnsfdf n]Vg'xf];\ M
zld{nf rf}w/L / /fw]z ofbj ;fyL x'g\ . zld{nf wgL ufp“ tyf /fw]z agL ufp“sf x'g\ . zld{nf
v'a} k9\l5g\ lsgeg] pgL /fd|f] eljio agfpg rfxlG5g\ . æcf ¤ w]/} k9]/ s] kf] x'G5 / <Æ
/fw]z eG5g\ . æh] klg x'G5 lgÆ zld{nf elG5g\ . /fw]z laxfg p7\5g\ clg v]Ng hfG5g\ .
zld{nf klg laxfg} p7\l5g\ t/ v]Ng hfGgg\ . pgL t v]Ngdf Tolt ?lr g} /flVbgg\ k/Gt' Psl5g
af/Ldf rflx“ 8'lN5g\ . /fw]z yf]/} k9\5g\ t}klg k/LIffdf /fd|f] u5{g\ . æk9\g klg k5{ v]Ng' klg
k5{Æ pgL eG5g\ . Ps lbg zld{nfn] elgg\ ænf} t ltdL gk9 .Æ æv} ltdL t o;f] kf] eGg
yfNof}Æ /fw]zn] eGof] . æn d ls k|yd x'G5' ls låtLo cyjf klxnf] jf bf];f| ] eP/} 5f8\5Æ'
p;n] yKof] . æklxnf] cyjf bf];f| ] g} t ;a} s'/f xf]Og, d'Vo s'/f t k9\g' xf] /], ;/n] eg]sf]Æ

G] b|
zld{nfn] elgg\ . To;kl5 /fw]z klg dg nufP/ k9\g yfNof] .

s
!)= kf7sf] rf}yf] cg'R5]baf6 kf“r cf]6f ;+of]hs / rf/ cf]6f lgkft l6Kg'xf];\ .
!!= /, jf, clg, klg, lsgls, t/, lsGt' h:tf ;+of]hs k|of]u u/L cfk\mgf] sIffsf]7fsf] j0f{g
ug'x{ f];\ .
f;
!@= g, lg, x}, /], t, kf], ls, nf}, v} h:tf lgkft k|of]u u/L cfk\mgf] ldNg] ;fyLsf] j0f{g
js
ug'x{ f];\ .
kl/of]hgf sfo{
dl

-s_ ‘g]kfndf hn;|ft] sf] pkof]u’ zLif{ssf ;fdu|L vf]hL d'Vo d'Vo a'b“ f lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ . tL a'b“ f
lzIfsnfO{ b]vfO{ pSt zLif{sdf Pp6f lgaGw tof/ kfg'x{ f];\ .
-v_ sIffsf ;a} ljb\ofyL{sf] rf/ cf]6f ;d"x lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ . klxnf] ;d"xn] ;j{gfd, bf];f| ] ;d"xn]
o\ jm|

gfdof]uL, t];|f] ;d"xn] ;+of]hs / rf}yf] ;d"xn] lgkft zAbsf] ;"rL tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .
tL ;"rLdWo] ;d"xsf ;fyLx¿n] lglZrt zAb af“8g\ x' f];\ / ltgnfO{ k|of]u u/L Pp6f Pp6f
kf7

cg'R5]b tof/ kf/L sIffdf 6f“:g'xf];\ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 39
 kf7 % dfgj a]rlavg lj?b\w xfd|f] bfloTj

s G] b|
f;
js
dl

-cfh cfhfb pRr dfWolds ljb\ofno -pdflj_ ag]kfdf jSt[Tj k|ltof]lutf 5 . k|ltof]lutfdf sIff
o\ jm|

( df cWoog/t rf/ hgf ljb\ofyL{x¿n] efu lnPsf 5g\ . ljb\ofnosf k|wfgfWofks ldng
r]kfªn] k|ltof]lutfsf] cWoIftf ug'e{ Psf] 5 . k|dv' cltlysf cf;gdf ljb\ofno Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf cWoIf hgs >]i7 x'gx' G' 5 . ;do ;r]tsdf sIff ( sL ljb\ofyL{ k|ldnf z]/rg /xg'ePsf]
kf7

5 . lg0ff{os d08ndf g]kfnL, ;fdflhs / cª\uh]| L ljifosf ltg hgf lzIfs /xg'ePsf] 5 . lzIfs
/ ljb\ofyL{x¿sf] pNn]vgLo pkl:ylt 5 . sIff ( sf ljb\ofyL{ ;'dg ldhf/ pb\3f]if0f ub}{ x'gx' G' 5 ._
!= pb\3f]ifs M ;j{ky| d o; jSt[Tj k|ltof]lutfdf pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ xflb{s :jfut u5{' . o;kl5
cWoIfHo"sf] cg'dltn] d cfhsf] sfo{jm| dnfO{ cufl8 a9fp“5' . cfhsf] jSt[Tjsf] ljifo 5,
‘dfgj a]rlavg lj?b\w xfd|f] bfloTj’ . k|ltof]lutfdf jStfx¿n] kfng ug'k{ g]{ lgodx¿ o;
k|sf/sf 5g\ M
zAbfy{
bfloTj M st{Jo
jStf M af]Ng] dfG5]
40 g]kfnL M sIff (
 -s_ x/]s jStfnfO{ kf“r ldg]6sf] ;do lbOg] 5 . rf/ ldg]6df hgfp 3G6L aHg] 5 . clGtd
3G6Lkl5 jStfn] cfkm\gf]] egfO /f]Sg'kg]{ 5 .
-v_ ;dfh / /fi6« lj/f]wL efjgf km}nfpg] / JolStut cfIf]k nfUg] lsl;dsf ljrf/x¿ k|:t't
ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-u_ s'g} klg k|sf/sf lnlvt ;fdu|L k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-3_ lg0ff{os d08nsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g] 5 .
ca d d]/f ldq df]xDdb cfndnfO{ cfkm\gf]] dGtJo /fVgsf nflu cfdGq0f ub{5' .
@= ;efWoIf dxf]bo, k|dv
' cltlyHo", lg0ff{os d08n, u'?ju{ tyf d]/f Kof/f ;fyLx¿ ¤

G] b|
#= cfhsf] jSt[Tj k|ltof]lutfsf] ljifo ‘dfgj a]rlavg lj?b\w xfd|f] bfloTj’ xf] . o; ljifodf
cfk\mgf ljrf/x¿ /fVg kfp“bf d}n] cfk"mnfO{ wGo 7fg]sf] 5' .

s
$= dfgj a]rlavg cfhsf] ;dfhsf] hLjGt ;d:of xf] . To;f] eP dfgj a]rlavg eg]sf] s] xf]
t < dfgj a]rlavg eg]sf] s'g} klg pb\bZ] on] dflg;nfO{ a]Rg] jf lsGg] sfd xf] . dlxnfx¿nfO{

f;
b]x Jofkf/ u/fpg', afn aflnsfx¿nfO{ >ddf nufpg', 3/fo;L bf; agfpg', sfg'g ljk/Lt
dfgj cª\uk|Toª\u lsga]r ug'{ h:tf ultljlwx¿ o;cGtu{t k5{g\ . dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3gsf
js
o; lsl;dsf lgs[i6 sfo{x¿ ljZjd} hl6n tyf ;+jb] gzLn ¿kdf a9\b} cfPsf 5g\ .
%= ;efWoIf dxf]bo, x/]s jif{ nfvf}“ dflg;x¿ s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf lsga]r ePsf tYofª\sx¿
;fj{hlgs x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . a]lrg]x¿df dlxnf tyf afn aflnsfx¿ a9L dfqfdf 5g\ .
dl

o;} u/L o'jfx¿nfO{ w]/} sdfpg] k|nf]egdf cGo b]zx¿df ;ª\ul7t ¿kdf k7fpg] sfo{
eO/x]sf] 5 . dfgj ;dfhsf nflu o;eGbf a9L snª\s s] x'g ;S5 / <
^= g]kfndf /f]huf/Lsf] Go"g cj;/, c1fgtf, cfly{s ljkGgtf, e]befjk"0f{ ;fdflhs ;+/rgf
o\ jm|

cflbsf sf/0f dflg;x¿ a]rlavgsf] rk]6fdf k/]sf 5g\ . dfgj t:s/x¿n] l;wf;fbf
dflg;x¿nfO{ cg]sf}“ k|nf]eg / e'm7f cfZjf;gx¿ af“8g\ ] u5{g\ . sltko dlxnfx¿ agfj6L
dfofhfndf cyjf gSsnL ljjfxsf] k|k~rdf km:g k'U5g\ / a]lrG5g\ . o;/L a]lrg k'us ] f
kf7

dflg;x¿ ljleGg lsl;dsf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s /f]usf l;sf/ x'G5g\ . 3/ kms]k{ l5 klg
pgLx¿n] kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhaf6 lt/:s[t x'gk' 5{ .
zAbfy{
b]x Jofkf/ M z/L/sf] Jofkf/, of}g Joj;fo
pNnª\3g M gf£g] sfd
k|nf]eg M a9L nf]e, a9L nfnr
t:s/ M cj}w sfd ug]{ JolSt
k|k~r M hfne]mn
lt/:s[t M ckx]lnt
g]kfnL M sIff ( 41
&= ;efWoIf dxf]bo, dfgj a]rlavgsf ;d:ofaf6 s;/L d'lSt kfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf ;a}n]
Wofg lbg cfjZos 5 . o; lsl;dsf] h3Go ck/fwnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ kl/jf/b]lv ;fdflhs
;ª\3 ;+:yf, :yfgLo lgsfo / ;/sf/;Ddsf] ;fy / ;xof]u cfjZos k5{ . dfgj a]rlavgsf
af/]df ;a}nfO{ ;r]t u/fpg cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu nlIft ;d'bfo;Dd /f]huf/Ld"ns
lzIffsf cj;/x¿ / ul/aL lgjf/0fsf sfo{jm| dx¿sf] Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ . dfgj a]rlavgsf
lj?b\w nfUg] JolStx¿nfO{ ;dfh tyf /fHon] k|f]T;fxg lbg'k5{ . dfgj t:s/x¿nfO{
;fdflhs alxisf/ / s8f ;hfosf] Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ .
-hgfp 3G6L aH5 ._

G] b|
*= cGTodf, d olt dfq eG5', a]rlavgaf6 kLl8t ePsfx¿sf] pko'St k'g:yf{kgfsf sfo{jm| d
;~rfng ug'k{ b{5 . dfgj a]rlavgsf lj?b\w ;a} Psh'6 x'g ;s]df dfq o;nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf

s
lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] d]/f] lgisif{ 5 . d]/f ljrf/x¿ w}ok{ j" s
{ ;'lglbg'ePsfdf xflb{s
s[t1tf hfx]/ ub}{ cfkm\gf]] egfOnfO{ oxL“ la6 df5'{ . wGojfb ¤
-clGtd 3G6L aH5 ._ f;
(= pb\3f]ifs M cfkm\gf dxTTjk"0f{ ljrf/ /flvlbg'ePsfdf ;fyL df]xDdb cfndnfO{ xflb{s
js
wGojfb lbG5' . ca csf{ jStf cof]Wof kf}8n] nfO{ cfkm\gf cledtx¿ /fVg'xg' cfdGq0f u5'{ .
!)= ;efWoIfHo", k|dv
' cltlyHo", lg0ff{os d08n, u'?ju{ Pjd\ ;fyLx¿ ¤
dl

!!= ‘dfgj a]rlavg lj?b\w xfd|f] bfloTj’ zLif{sdf wf/0ffx¿ /fVg kfp“bf dnfO{ cToGt v';L
nfu]sf] 5 .
!@= dfgj a]rlavg s:tf] ck/fw xf] / of] s;/L a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 eGg] ljifodf k"jj{ Stf ldqn]
k|sfz kfl/;Sg'ePsf] 5 . o; ljifodf d w]/} rrf{ ug{ rfxGg“ . d cGo s]xL dxTTjk"0f{ kIfdf
o\ jm|

k|sfz kfg]{ k|of; u5'{ . dfgj a]rlavgsf] ahf/n] dflg;x¿nfO{ dfn ;fdfgsf ¿kdf
x]5{ . o;n] ljleGg b/ tyf d"Nodf dflg;x¿sf] a]rlavg u5{ . o; lsl;dsf ck/fwx¿
kf7

ljz]if u/L cljsl;t tyf cNk ljsl;t b]zdf a9L x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
!#= cfh xfdL PSsfO;f}“ ztfAbLdf 5f}“ . g]kfndf Ps ;o jif{cl3 g} bf; k|yf pGd"ng ePsf]
lyof] . ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] :yfkgf;“u} ;+;f/af6 bf; k|yf k"0f{ ¿kdf pGd"ng ug]{ 3f]if0ff
ePsf] xf] . xfdL eg] nfrf/ eP/ dflg;nfO{ dflg;n] g} kz'nfO{ em}“ laj|mL ljt/0f ug]{ cdfgjLo
lj|mofsnfk 6'n6' n' ' x]g{ ljjz 5f}“ . cfh k'/fg} bf; k|yf gof“ 9ª\un] ljsl;t x'b“ f] 5 . dfgj
zAbfy{
h3Go M cToGt g/fd|f,] c¿nfO{ 3ft ug]{
k'g:yf{kgf M k]ml/ Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfd
pGd"ng M h/};u“ x6fpg] sfd
42 g]kfnL M sIff (
 a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/ Ps lsl;dsf] cfw'lgs bf; k|yf g} xf] . of] dfgj hflts} nflu cToGt
b'vb\ s'/f xf] .
!$= g]kfndf dfgj a]rlavg j]Zofj[lTtdf nufpg], >d zf]if0f ug],{ dhb'/ agfpg] / dfgj
cª\usf] a]rlavg ug]{ sfo{df dfq ;Lldt 5}g . nfu' cf}ifwsf] Jofkf/ ug{, cZnLn rnlrqdf
sfd ug{ / ;s{;df sfd ug{sf nflu klg g]kfnLx¿ a]lrPsf 5g\ . of] ;d:of la:tf/} hl6n
/ ljs/fn x'b“ } uPsf] 5 . of] tkfO{“ xfdL ;a}sf nflu r'gf}tL xf] .
!%= d]/f ljrf/df dflg;x¿ a]lrg', 7lug' / larNnLdf kg'{ t cfhsf] ;d:of x'b“ } xf] . To:tf
JolStx¿sf] efjL hLjg g} hf]lvddf kg'{ cem bb{gfs ;d:of xf] . ltgLx¿af6 cg]s k|f0f

G] b|
3fts /f]ux¿ km}ng' / ;dfhdf cg]s ljs[lt / lj;ª\ult a9\b} hfg' csf]{ ljifd kl/l:ylt
xf] . ltgLx¿ ljleGg vfn] dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s /f]un] u|:t ePsf pbfx/0f 5g\\ . ;dfhdf

s
PrcfOeL P8\;sf] ;ª\jm| d0fsf] d"n sf/0f klg oxL dfgj a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/ g} xf] .
sltko kLl8tx¿ t ;dfhaf6 alxis[t;d]t 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] Joj:yf klg
cToGt sdhf]/ b]lvG5 .

f;
!^= ;efWoIf dxf]bo, d]/f ljrf/df o; ;d:ofsf] d'Vo sf/s r]tgfsf] sdL, ul/aL /
a]/f]huf/L g} xf] . sfg'g sfof{Gjogdf lkmtnf]kgf, e|i6frf/, v'nf ;Ldf cflb g} g]kfndf o;
js
lsl;dsf] Joj;fo km:6fp“b} hfg'sf sf/0fx¿ x'g\ . To;} u/L j}bl] zs /f]huf/Lk|ltsf] df]x,
/fhgLlts cl:y/tf / cj;/sf] vf]hLdf ;x/ k:g] k|jl[ Ttn] ubf{ g]kfndf o:tf vfnsf
ck/fw df}nfp“b} uPsf] kfOG5 .
dl

!&= ;efWoIf dxf]bo, dfgj a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/ eLif0f jf h3Go ck/fw xf] . o;sf]
lgoGq0fsf y'k}| k|of;x¿ klg ePsf 5g\ . s}of}“ ck/fwL k|x/Lsf] sf/jfxLdf k/]sf 5g\ .
kLl8tsf kIfdf Gofofnoaf6 lg;fkm klg gePsf xf]Ogg\ . o;sf lj?b\w ;+oS' t /fi6«
o\ jm|

;ª\3nufot /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿ hfu?s ePsf 5g\ . olt x'b“ fx'b“ } klg of]
;d:of a9bf] 5 . To;}n] pSt ;d:ofsf] k"0f{ ;dfwfgsf nflu yk ;+jb] gzLntf, ufDeLo{ /
k|ltab\wtfsf] vf“rf] b]lvG5 .
kf7

-hgfp 3G6L aH5 ._

zAbfy{
cZnLn M 5f8f
hf]lvd M vt/f
bb{gfs M b'Mvk"0f{
ck/fw M ug{ gx'g] sfd, s;}sf] gf]S;fgL x'g] sfd
ufDeLo{ M ulx/fO, uxgtf
k|ltab\wtf M c7f]6, k|lt1f
g]kfnL M sIff ( 43
!*= xfd|f z}lIfs kf7\oj|mdx¿nfO{ Jofj;flos / /f]huf/d"ns agfpg'k5{ . ;/sf/n] klg
/f]huf/L lbg] sfo{jm| dx¿sf] th'd{ f ug'k{ 5{ . xfdL ljb\ofyL{x¿af6 klg ;r]tgfsf sfo{jm| dnfO{
cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ . ul/aL lgjf/0fsf af/]df :yfgLo lgsfob]lv dflyNnf] tx;Dd ;+jb] gzLn
x'gk' 5{ . u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;r]tgf km}nfpg] sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg'k5{ . o;f] ug{ ;lsof]
eg] o; ck/fwnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf lgoGq0f ug{ kSs} ;lsG5 . olt eGb} d cfkm\gf] egfOnfO{ k"0f{
lj/fd lbG5' .
!(= pb\3f]ifs M ca ;fyL dgf]h tfdfªnfO{ o;} ljifodf cfkm\gf ljrf/x¿ /flvlbgsf nflu xflb{s
cg'/f]w ub{5' .

G] b|
@)= ;efWoIf dxf]bo, k|dv
' cltlyHo", lg0ff{os d08n, cfb/0fLo u'?ju{, k|ltof]uL tyf cGo

s
d]/f ;fyLx¿ ¤
@!= o; jSt[tf k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng kfp“bf v';L nfu]sf] 5 . d dfgj a]rlavg / ltgsf]
f;
lg/fs/0fsf ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf ljrf/x¿ JoSt u5'{ .
js
@@= cfh, ljj]szLn dflgPsf] dfgj k|f0fL kz';/x laj|mL ljt/0f x'b“ f] 5 . o;eGbf a9L b'ef{Uok"0f{
s'/f s] x'g ;S5 / ¤ o:tf] l:yltsf] l;h{gfn] xfd|f] ;dfh a9L ef]StfjfbL x'b“ } uPsf] 5 .
k};fd'vL k|jl[ Tt / g}ltstfsf] x|f;n] klg dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ a]lr/x]sf] l:ylt 5 . clzIff, ul/aL,
dl

a]/f]huf/L / o'bw\ sf] k|efjn] klg dfgj a]rlavg a9\bf] 5 . ;DkGg / ljkGg /fi6«sf larsf
dflg;x¿sf] hLjg :t/df ePsf] leGgtf klg o; lsl;dsf] ;d:ofsf] sf/s xf] .
o\ jm|

@#= xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf ljz]if u/L ufp“af6 ;x/lt/ dflg;x¿sf] k/f]If Jofkf/ x'g] u/]sf]
kfOG5 . j}bl] zs /f]huf/sf gfddf sfg'gsf cf“vf 5n]/ g]kfnaf6 k|z:t dflg;x¿ a]lrPsf
5g\ . o;/L a]lrPsfx¿nfO{ j]Zofj[lTt, ;s{;, 3/fo;L sfdbf/, pb\of]udf >lds / vfgLdf
kf7

dhb'/sf ¿kdf sfddf nufpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . a]rlavgdf k/]sf sltko dflg;x¿sf]
lduf}n{ fnufotsf cª\ux¿ a]Rg] u/]sf tYox¿ klg xfd|f ;fd'Gg] g} 5g\ .
-hgfp 3G6L aH5 ._

zAbfy{
lgjf/0f M x6fpg] sfd
;r]tgf M r]tgf;lxt
ef]StfjfbL M vfglkg, ef]uljnf; / df]hd:tLdf /dfpg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf ePsf]
44 g]kfnL M sIff (
@$= s'g} klg ;d:ofn] ;dfwfg cfkm}“ af]s/] cfPsf] x'G5 elgG5 . To:t} dfgj a]rlavgsf] ;d:of
klg s'g} k|fs[lts ;d:of xf]Og . of] lgtfGt dfgj ;dfhaf6 l;lh{t ;d:of xf] . To;}n] o;sf]
;dfwfg klg xfdL ;a} tx / tKsfsf dflg;n] g} ldn]/ ug'k{ 5{ . o;sf nflu /fHosf
;+oGqnfO{ ;zSt agfOg'k5{ . lzIff / r]tgfsf nx/x¿ xfd|f x/]s a:tL a:tLdf k'Ug'k5{ .
ljb\ofyL{x¿ klg r]tgf lj:tf/sf ;+jfxsx¿ x'g\ . o;}n] o; lsl;dsf] lgs[i6 / dfgjtfxLg
sfo{sf lj?b\w ;lj|mo x'g ;Dk"0f{ ljb\ofyL{nfO{ cfx\jfg u5{' . wGojfb ¤
@%= pb\3f]ifs M ca cfhsf] k|ltof]lutfsf clGtd jStfsf ¿kdf cfkm\gf ljrf/x¿ /flvlbgsf
nflu ;fyL /df ;fksf]6fnfO{ cg'/f]w u5{' .

G] b|
@^= o; ul/dfdo ;efsf ;efWoIf dxf]bo, k|dv
' cltlyHo", lg0ff{os d08n, cfb/0fLo u'?ju{ tyf
;fyLx¿ ¤

s
@&= ;j{ky| d d}n] o; jSt[tf k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng] cj;/ kfPsfdf cfof]hsk|lt xflb{s cfef/
JoSt ub{5' . k"jj{ Stf ;fyLx¿n] dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ sfo{sf ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf
ljrf/x¿ /flv;Sg'ePsf] 5 . d eg] dfgj a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/sf] Jofkf/n] g]kfn / ljZj
f;
kl/j]zdf kf/]sf] k|efjtkm{ ;a}sf] Wofg s]lGb|t u/fpg rfxG5' .
js
@*= dfgj a]rlavgsf] bfo/f jf If]qsf cfwf/df x]bf{ o;sf b'O{ cf]6f k|sf/ 5g\, b]zleq} ul/g]
a]rlavg / Ps b]zaf6 / csf]{ b]zdf x'g] Jofkf/ . lxhf]cfh t /fHon] sfdbf/ k7fpg
k|ltaGw nufPsf d'ns' x¿df klg sfg'gsf] cf“vf 5n]/ / cs}{ b]zsf] af6f] agfP/ klg
dl

dflg;x¿sf] a]rlavg eO/x]sf] 5 . o;tkm{ klg ;a}sf] Wofg hfg cfjZos 5 .

@(= dfgj a]rlavg h:tf] ljj]sxLg sfo{ lsg x'G5 / s;/L ul/G5 t < o; k];fnfO{ dnhn ug]{
sfd ljz]if u/L k};f / kbsf] b'?kof]u ug]x{ ¿n] g} a9L dfqfdf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cfkm\g} lrghfg
o\ jm|

/ gftfuf]tfs} dfG5]af6 klg ljZjf;3ft u/L o; lsl;dsf] ck/fw ub}{ cfPsf] klg
kfOG5 . ;du|df eGg] xf] eg] cfly{s nfesf nflu ¥ofn r'xfpg]x¿n] g} o; lsl;dsf
cdfgjLo sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ .
kf7

#)= ;efWoIfHo", dfgj a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu s]xL ;'emfj /fVg
rfxG5' . o; ck/fwnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;j{ky| d sfg'gL k|fjwfg alnof] agfpg'k5{ / ePsf]
sfg'gsf] plrt sfof{Gjog x'gk' b{5 . To;}n] jt{dfg sfg'gdf /x]sf sdhf]/L ;'wf/ ug'k{ 5{ .

zAbfy{
;+jfxs M /fd|/L jxg ug],{ /fd|f] g]tT[ j stf{
lgs[i6 M t'R5, gLr
kl/j]z M 7fp“, ;do / jftfj/0f
ljZjf; 3ft M ljZjf; eª\u ug]{ sfd
g]kfnL M sIff ( 45
 cfjZos k/] gof“ sfg'g klg agfpg'k5{ . o:tf] ck/fwsf] ;'Os“ f] kfP/ ;"rgf lbg] x/]s gful/snfO{
;Ddfg ug{ kl5 kg'{ x'b“ g} . o;df /fHosf] d'Vo e"ldsf x'G5 . gful/sx¿n] /fHonfO{ ;xof]u
ug'k{ 5{ . To;} u/L o; ;d:ofaf6 d'lSt kfpg] csf]{ kIf ;r]tgf cleofg g} xf] . ljb\ofno
tssf kf7\o k':tsaf6} ;r]tgf cleofg ;'? ug'k{ 5{ . o;df ;dfhsf ;a} ;r]t ju{n] ;xof]u
ug'k{ 5{ . o;df ;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf] 7'nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;ª\3
;+:yfx¿ ;lj|mo x'gk' 5{ . clxn]sf] PSsfO;f}“ ztfAbLsf] o'udf dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ g} a]Rg] h:tf]
ljlrqsf] cj:yfaf6 hgtfn] d'lSt kfpg'k5{ .
-hgfp 3G6L aH5 ._

G] b|
#!= dfgj a]rlavgaf6 kLl8t dflg;x¿nfO{ pko'St Ifltk"lt{ lbnfpg] sfd ;'? ug'k{ 5{ . kLl8tx¿nfO{

s
k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu cfjZos of]hgfx¿ Nofpg'k5{ . /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ lbnfpg'k5{ .
kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng u/fpg] / ;dfhdf ;dfof]hg u/fpg] h:tf sfo{x¿df hf]8 lbg'k5{ . x/]s
;r]t dflg;n] dfgj a]rlavg h:tf] cdfgjLo b'isfo{sf lj?b\w nfUg'k5{ . cGTodf
f;
kl/jt{g cfk}m“ af6 ;'? ug'k{ 5{ elgG5 . o; cy{df d klg Ps ;r]t ljb\ofyL{sf gftfn] dfgj
a]rlavg lj?b\wsf] cleofgdf cfh}bl] v ;lj|mo /xg] k|0f ub{5' . d d]/] f] 3/ kl/jf/af6} ;r]tgf
js
clej[bl\ w sfo{sf] z'ef/De ug]{ 5' . ;fy} o; dxfcleofgdf ;w}“ ;lj|mo /xg] 5' . oxL
jrgab\wtf;lxt cfkm\gf] dGtJo oxL“ 6'ªU\ ofp“5' . wGojfb ¤
dl

#@= pb\3f]ifs M cfhsf] jSt[Tj k|ltof]lutf oxL“ ;lsG5 . ca s]xL If0fkl5 lg0ff{os d08naf6
lg0f{o ;'gfpg'sf ;fy} ;efWoIfHo"af6 dGtJo;lxt ;ef lj;h{g x'g] 5 . d pb\3f]ifs ;'dg
ldhf/ labf x'G5' . oxf“x¿ ;a}nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb ¤
o\ jm|

zAbfy{
kf7

ljlrq M cgf}7f], crDdsf]

k'gld{ng M k]ml/ e]63f6 ug]{ jf ldNg] sfd
b'isfo{ M g/fd|f] sfd
clej[bl\ w M /fd|/L a9fpg] sfd

46 g]kfnL M sIff (
 cEof;
;'gfO
!= rf}la;f}“ cg'R5]b ;'gs
] f cfwf/df ldn]sf] egfOsf cufl8 l7s lrx\g lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ s'g} klg ;d:ofn] ;dfwfg cfk}m“ af]s/] cfPsf] x'G5 .
-v_ dfgj a]rlavgsf] ;d:of k|fs[lts xf]Og .
-u_ dfgj a]rlavgsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ /fHo h'd/{' fP k'U5 .

G] b|
-3_ dfgj a]rlavgsf] ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ljb\ofyL{sf] s'g} e"ldsf x'b“ g} .
-ª_ dfgj a]rlavg lgGbgLo sfo{ xf] .

s
@= kf7sf] k|f/lDes cg'R5]b lzIfsaf6 ;'gs
] f cfwf/df lgDg lnlvt k|Zgx¿sf] df}lvs hjfkm
lbg'xf];\ M

f;
-s_ jSt[tfsf] ljifo s] xf] <
js
-v_ jSt[Tj k|ltof]lutf s;sf] ;efWoIftfdf ;~rfng ePsf] 5 <
-u_ lg0ff{os d08ndf slt hgf ;b:ox¿ 5g\ <
dl

-3_ pb\3f]if0f ug]{ JolSt sf] x'g\ <

-ª_ jSt[Tj k|ltof]lutfdf slt hgf jStf tf]lsPsf 5g\ <
#= jSt[Tj k|ltof]lutfsf lgodx¿sf] >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .
o\ jm|

af]nfO
!= tn lbOPsf zAbx¿ z'bw\ / :ki6 ¿kdf pRrf/0f ug{x' f];\ M
kf7

;efWoIf, cª\uk|Toª\u, b'Jo{;g, b'ik|jl[ Tt, k'g:yf{kgf, snª\lst, k|Tof/f]k0f, alxis[t, pNnª\3g,
b'Jo{jxf/, k'gld{ng
@= tnsf pvfg 6'Ssfx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/L sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ M
cfª} lhl/ª\u x'g,' l;w} :ju{ k'¥ofpg', nx}nx}df nfUg', 3fd h:t} 5n{ªu\ x'g,' ¥ofn r'xfpg',
;'Os
“ f] kfpg', Ps y'sL ;'sL† ;o y'sL gbL, x'g] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft
#= tkfO{n“ fO{ jSt[tf k|ltof]lutfdf af]Ng] $ hgfdWo] s;sf] ljrf/ /fd|f] nfUof] < sf/0f;lxt
eGg'xf];\ .
$= ‘ljb\ofno zflGt If]q x'g’\ eGg] ljifodf ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ / lgisif{ k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 47
 k9fO
!= dflysf] jSt[tfsf cg'R5]bnfO{ xfpefp;lxt kfn}kfnf] k9\gx' f];\ .
@= dflysf] jSt[tf k9]sf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ nx}nx}df nfUg'sf] cy{ s] xf] <
-v_ dfgj a]rlavgdf k/]sf dfG5]x¿nfO{ s:tf sfddf nufOPsf] kfOG5 <
-u_ a]rlavgaf6 pDs]/ cfPsf dflg;x¿ s;/L af“Rg afWo 5g\ <

G] b|
#= n]Vo lrx\gx¿nfO{ Vofn u/L tnsf] cg'R5]b k9\gx' f];\ M
s:tf v/fa dflg;x¿ ¤ dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ a]Rg] . s] ;+;f/df k};feGbf csf]{ 7'nf] s'/f s]xL

s
5}g / < ;Tsd{ u/]/ vfg', s;}nfO{ b'v glbg' / s]xL ug{ g;s] dfu]/ vfg'df hLjgsf] ;fy{stf
5 . x] O{Zj/ ¤ ltgLx¿sf] ;b\ab' l\ w cfcf];\ ¤ dfgjtf dUdufcf];\ .
f;
$= jSt[tfsf] 5}6f}“ cg'R5]bnfO{ dgdg} k9\gx' f];\ / To;df cleJoSt ePsf ljrf/x¿nfO{ cfkm\g}
df}lns z}nLdf n]Vg'xf];\ .
js
n]vfO
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
dl

-s_ dfgj a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/sf] t:s/L a9\gfsf sf/0fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <

-v_ dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ g} a]Rg] b':;fx; lsg u5{ <
-u_ dfgj a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/sf sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ pkfo s] s] x'g\ <
o\ jm|

-3_ tkfO{“ sfg'g agfpg] 7fp“df x'ge' Psf] eP o:tf] ck/fw ug]n{ fO{ s:tf] ;hfosf] Joj:yf
ug'x{ G' Yof] <
kf7

-ª_ dfgj a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/ lsg hNbf]aNbf] ljifo dflgG5 <

@= dfgj a]rlavgsf lj?b\w ;r]tgf cleofg ;~rfng ubf{ h'n;' df nufpg ;lsg] pko'St s'g}
kf“r cf]6f gf/fx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .
#= kf7sf] ;ftf}“ cg'R5]baf6 d'Vo rf/ cf]6f a'b“ fx¿ l6kf]6 ug'x{ f];\ .
$= kf7sf] c7f/f}“ cg'R5]bnfO{ Ps t[tLof+z x'g] u/L ;ª\If]kLs/0f ug'x{ f];\ .
%= ‘;Tdfu{ / zflGtn] g} ;dfhnfO{ ;Eo agfp“5’ eGg] ljifodf %) zAb;Ddsf] Pp6f cg'R5]b
n]Vg'xf];\ .

48 g]kfnL M sIff (
 Jofs/0f
!= lbOPsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\lst zAb lj|mofkb x'g,\ ltgnfO{ ;fg'x{ f];\ M
lxhf]cfh o'jfb]lv s]6fs]6L;Ddsf nflu df]afOn Ps dxTTjk"0f{ dgf]/~hgsf] ;fwg ag]sf]
5 . ;fyLx¿;“u s'/fsfgL ug{ / cfk;L ;Dks{ a9fpg klg o;n] ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .
OG6/g]6af6 gof“ s'/f l;s]/ k9\gsf nflu xf];\ jf /f]df~rs v]nx¿ v]Ng, o;nfO{ ;a}n]
?rfp“5g\ . xfn cfP/ of] ;a}sf nflu hLjgsf] Ps cleGg cª\u alg;s]sf] 5 . Psyl/
dflg;x¿ ljb\ofyL{nfO{ df]afOn rnfpg lbg'xG' g eG5g\ eg] csf{yl/ o;sf] k|of]uaf6
l;sfOdf 7'nf] 6]jf ldN5 eG5g\ . df]afOnaf6} ljZjsf ljljw hfgsf/Lx¿ k|fKt u/]/

G] b|
cfkm"nfO{ cAan bhf{sf] ljb\ofyL{sf ¿kdf :yflkt ug]x{ ¿ klg sd 5}gg\ . o;} cy{df plrt
dfqfdf ;b'kof]u u/] df]afOn ljb\ofyL{sf] c;n ;xof]uL / b'?kof]u u/]df of] ;aeGbf

s
v/fa xf] eGg] cledt ljåfg\x¿sf] kfOG5 .
@= tnsf cg'R5]bx¿df /]vfª\lst lj|mofof]uL zAbnfO{ sfkLdf l6kf]6 ug'x{ f];\ / To:t} k|sf/sf

f;
c¿ b; cf]6f lj|mofof]uL zAbx¿ vf]h/] lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ M
:j0f{ hoGtL
js
ljb\ofnosf] :j0f{ hoGtL dgfpg] ;do t kf]xf]/ lyof] . tof/L /fd|f] gePsfn] cf3f}“ u/f}n“ f
elgof] . o; jif{sf] tof/L Ps dlxgfcl3 g} ;lsof] . lgdGq0ff sf8{ af“8g\ ] sfd cl:t
dl

;lsof] . lxhf] d~rsf] ;hfj6sf] sfd klg ;DkGg eof] . sfd ubf{ub}{ ;f“em k/]5 . d'Vo
/dfOnf] t ef]ln kf] x'G5 .
d cfh laxfg ;a]/} ljb\ofno k'u“] . sf]xL dfG5] leq lyP eg] sf]xL aflx/} lyP . ;fgf
o\ jm|

s]6fs]6Lx¿ sf]xL otf / sf]xL ptf v]Nb} lyP . sfd ug]x{ ¿ tn / dfly ub}{ lyP . d~rdf
dfOs cufl8 lyof] eg] ;f]kmfx¿ k5fl8k6\l6 ;hfOPsf lyP . ljb\ot' Lo ;fdu|Lx¿ d~rsf]
d'lg lyP . tf]/0fx¿nfO{ /fd|/L af“w/] ;a}lt/ kmGkmgL 3'dfOPsf] lyof] . xfjf klg dGbdGb
kf7

/ l;/l;/ rln/x]sf] lyof] . cleefjsx¿ klg v'?v'? cfp“b} lyP . ;ª\uLtsf] w'g yf]/} ;'lg“bf]
lyof] eg] cGo xNnf w] / } lyof] . To;} n ] xf] n f ;ª\ u Ltsf] cfjfh clnslt
a9fOof] . of] ;'g/] ;a} /dfP . /ldnf ld;n] PskN6 Toxf“sf] tof/L x]/L kms{ge' of] . d'Vo
cltly klg 6'Kn'Ss cfOk'Ug'eof] . tfnLsf] cfjfh 3lGsof]] . pb\3f]ifs lrl6Ss k/]/ cfP /
sfo{jm| d la:tf/} ;'? eof] . s;}n] ljb\ofnosf] Oltxf; ;;{tL{ k9] eg] s;}n] ljb\ofnosf
/fd|f ultljlwsf] dRrLdRrL k|z;+ f u/] . s;}n] ;'wf/ ug'k{ g]{ kIfsf af/]df kmf6\6k'm6\6 af]n] .
k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg kfpg]x¿nfO{ l6lnSs l;“ufl/Psf] lyof] / pgLx¿ v';Ln] ub\ub\ lyP .
;f+:s[lts sfo{jm| ddf ;fyLx¿ gfRb} lyP eg] afhfufhfx¿ 3g3g 3lGsb} lyP . o:t}
/demd u/L lbg laTof] . a]ns ' L w]/} aTtL afnL ljb\ofnonfO{ lemlnldnL kfl/of] / :j0f{
hoGtL sfo{jm| d w"dwfd;“u ;DkGg eof] .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 49
#= tn lbOPsf lj:doflbaf]ws zAbx¿sf] k|of]u u/L jfSo lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ M
cf]xf], x/], s7}a/f, cfa'O, 5\of, y'Ss, cfTyf
$= tnsf jfSoaf6 lj|mofkb, lj|mofof]uL / lj:doflbaf]ws zAbx¿ l6Kg'xf];\ M
-s_ /fd ;w}“ d]xgtdf g} ljZjf; ug]{ x'b“ f p;sf] /fd|f] k|ult eof] .
-v_ ul/a dflg;x¿ ul/aL;“u h'lw/x]sf 5g\, wgLx¿ eg] wg;“u v]ln/x]sf 5g\ .
-u_ ltdL hf]d;f]d 3'Dg uof} eg] /d0fLo :ynx¿sf] cjnf]sg ug{ kfpg] 5f} .

G] b|
-3_ d]xgtL ls;fgn] d]xgt gu/] xfdL s] vfP/ af“rf}n“ f <

s
-ª_ cWoogzLn ljb\ofyL{n] cfk\mgf]] :t/ p7fpg ;w}“ lgoldt ¿kdf cWoog ug'k{ 5{ .
-r_ ljr/f, ;fgf] afa' lxhf] sfGnfaf6 v;]5 ¤
f;
-5_ l5 ¤ s:tf] kmf]x/L dfG5] /x]5, pm t xft} gwf]O{ ;kf;k eft vfg yfNof]] .
js
-h_ cf]xf], ltdL t ev{/ cfP5f} ¤
%= tnsf] tflnsfsf pbfx/0fx¿af6 jfSo ljZn]if0f / ;+Zn]if0fdf x'g] km/s kTtf nufpg'xf];\ M
dl

jfSo ljZn]if0f W X jfSo ;+Zn]if0f jfSosf] lsl;d

lbndfof 3/ cfp“l5g\ . W X lbndfof 3/ cfP/ u[xsfo{ ul5{g\ . ;/n jfSo
o\ jm|

pgL u[xsfo{ ul5{g\ .

kf7

lbndfof 3/ cfp“l5g\ . W X ha lbndfof 3/ cfp“l5g\ ta u[xsfo{ ld> jfSo

pgL u[xsfo{ ul5{g\ . ul5{g\ .

lbndfof 3/ cfp“l5g\ . W X lbndfof 3/ cfp“l5g\ clg u[xsfo{ ;+oS' t jfSo

ul5{g\ .

pgL u[xsfo{ ul5{g\ .

^= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ Pp6} jfSodf ;+Zn]if0f ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ d]/L alxgL ;a]/} p7\l5g\ . pgL lrof ksfp“l5g\ . -;/n jfSo_
50 g]kfnL M sIff (
 -v_ ;Togf/fo0f ljb\ofno hfG5g\ . pgL /fd|/L k9\5g\ . pgL gcfPsf] s'/f u'?;“u
;f]W5g\ . -;+oS' t jfSo_
-u_ kfgL k¥of] . af6f] lxnf] eof] . -ld> jfSo_
-3_ l5l/ª bf]h{] lax]df uof] . p;n] ef]h vfof] . pm Psl5g gfRof] . -;+oS' t jfSo_
-ª_ p;n] /fdnvg;“u k};f dfUof] . ;f]gjfn] v'?Ss k};f lbOg\ . -ld> jfSo_
&= tnsf jfSox¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug'x{ f];\ M

G] b|
-s_ pm / d lbgx'“ u[xsfo{ u/]/ Psl5g k9\5f}“ / s]xL ;do v]N5f}“ clg ;f“em kgf{;fy 3/
kms{G5f}“ .

s
-v_ rd]nLn] rfprfp lsg]/ NofO{ t/ cfdfn] To;sf] ;6\6f lrp/f vfg eGbf rd]nL
l/;fP/ lx“8L .
f;
-u_ d]/f] 6fpsf] udL{df w]/} b'Vg] ePsfn] d a9L dfqfdf kfgL lkpg] u5'{ .
js
-3_ ha e'Or
“ fnf] cfp“5 ta dflg;x¿ ;'/lIft :yfgtk{m nfU5g\ .
-ª_ h;n] dx sf9\5, p;n] xft rf6\5 .
dl

l;h{gfTds sfo{
tnsf ljifodf jSt[tf tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ M
o\ jm|

-s_ e"sDkLo ;'/Iffk|lt xfd|f] bfloTj

-v_ ckfª\u d}qL Jojxf/sf nflu ;fdflhs ;r]tgf
kf7

-u_ 5'jf5't pGd"ngdf ljb\ofyL{sf] e"ldsf

g]kfnL M sIff ( 51
 kf7 ^ alxgLnfO{ lr7L

jL/uGh d]l8sn sn]h

@)&@÷)@÷!%
Kof/L alxgL cg'kdf,
z'efzLjf{b ¤
!= d oxf“ ;Gr} 5' . Toxf“ cfdfa'af;d]t ;a}nfO{ cf/fd} xf];\ eGg] sfdgf u5{' . Toxf“af6 lr7L

G] b|
gcfPsf] w]/} eof] . k/LIffsf]] Jo:ttfsf sf/0f d}n] klg lr7L n]Vg EofOg“ . clxn] cln km';b{
eP/ ltd|f] xfn va/ klg a'emf}“ / cfk"mn] hfg] a'em]sf s'/f ltdLnfO{ n]Vb} hfp“m eGg] x]tn' ] of]

s
kq nVb} 5' . vf;} gf}nf] va/ t s]xL 5}g . k9\gnfO{ ldlxg]t t ug}{ k¥of] . km';b{ sf] ;dodf
dnfO{ cfo'jb{] ;DaGwL k':tsx¿ k9\g dg nfU5 . ut dlxgfsf] lr7Ldf d}n] ltdLnfO{ of]u
;fwgfsf af/]df s]xL rrf{ u/]sL lyP“ . cfh eg] cf}ifwL lj1fg ;DaGwL s]xL gof“
f;
hfgsf/L lbg] k|oTg u/]sL 5' . dnfO{ nfU5 ltdLn] o;nfO{ ;xh ¿kdf u|x0f ug]{ 5\of} .
js
@= lk|o alxgL ¤ :jf:Yo g} hLjgsf] klxnf] wg /x]5 . :j:y / bL3{ hLjgsf cfwf/ eg]s} lgoldt
/ :jf:Yo jw{s ef]hg /x]5g\ . clgoldt / clws cfxf/n] g} dw'dx] , x[bof3ft, df]6f]kgf, ca'b{
/ pRr /Strfk h:tf /f]ux¿ lgDTofpg] u5{ . cfxf/sf ;DaGwdf a]Ghfldg Ç|ofª\slngn]
eg]sf 5g\, æd}n] b]vs ] fdf yf]/} dflg;x¿ dfq vfg gkfP/ d/]sf 5g\ . w]/} vfP/ dg]x{ ¿
dl

xhf/f},“ nfvf}“ 5g\ .Æ k"jL{o bz{gn] klg eG5, æ:j:y hLjgsf nflu ;j{>i] 7 cfxf/ eg]sf
Ctfxf/, lxtfxf/ / ldtfxf/ x'g\ .Æ vfgfs} c;fjwfgLsf sf/0fn] dfG5]nfO{ s'g} klg /f]u
nfUg ;S5 . /f]u nfluxfn]df ;'?sf cj:yfdf xfd|} 3/ jl/kl/ /x]sf h8La'6L jf 3/]n' cf}ifwL
o\ jm|

;]jg ug'{ >]o:s/ x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ cfo'jb{] lj1fgn] dxTTj lbPsf] kfOG5 .
zAbfy{
kf7

Jo:ttf M a]km' ;{bL

dw'dx] M lrgL /f]u
Xbof3ft M d'6s ' f] rfndf crfgs kg]{ afwf
ca'b{ M SofG;/
/Strfk M /utsf] bafa
Ctfxf/ M Ct'cg';f/sf] vfgkfg
lxtfxf/ M lxtsf/L ef]hg
ldtfxf/ M l7s dfqfsf] vfgkfg
;]jg M k|of]u
>]o:s/ M pkof]uL
52 g]kfnL M sIff (
=# gfgL ¤ ltdL klg 3/sf eGbf aflx/sf vfg]s/' f a9L vfG5\of} c/] ¤ r]tgfsf] cefjn] lxhf]cfh
a9L dfqfdf clUgdfGb\o vfg]s/' fx¿ vfg] k|jl[ Tt 5 . o;leq a9L dfqfdf df5f df;', tf/]sf,
d;nfbf/ / ahfl/of vfgf kb{5g\ . o;/L :jfb, ¿k, /ª / uGwnfO{ dfq dxTTj lbP/ vfgf
vfg] ugf{n] ljleGg vfnsf /f]u nfU5g\ . xfdLn] ljz]if u/L Iff/ k|wfg vfgfx¿df a9L hf]8
lbg'kb{5 . Iff/ k|wfg vfgfdf df};dL t/sf/L, kmnkm'n, u]8fu'8Lx¿, ds}, ux','“ hf}, sf]bf],
kmfk/, pjf h:tf vfgf kb{5g\ . dfG5]n] ldnfP/ vfg hfGof] eg] ;Gt'lnt / ;+oldt cfxf/
g} pTtd cf}ifwL xf] .
$= ltdLn] kf]xf]/ ;fn cfk}m“ hfGg] eP/ k;naf6 cf}ifwL lsg]/ vf“bf la/fdL ePsf] s'/f ;De]ms}
5\of} ls lal;{of} s'lGg ¤ lxhf]cfh lrlsT;ssf] k/LIf0f / k'hf{ lagf xr'jfsf e/df cf}ifwL

G] b|
lsg]/ vfg] ljs[lt a9\bf] 5 . 6fpsf] b'Vb}df l;6fdf]n, k]6 b'Vb}df k]g lsn/ / ;fdfGo

s
Hj/f] cfp“bf ;f]em} PlG6afof]l6s vfg] k|jl[ Tt htftt} b]lvG5 . o;/L cfkm\g} cGbfhdf cf}ifwL
vf“bf tTsfnnfO{ t /f]u lgsf] eP h:tf] b]lvG5 . kl5 uP/ eg] To;n] z/L/sf cGo cª\u
k|Toª\udf k|lts"n k|efj kfg]{ ;Defjgf w]/} g} x'G5 . o;df klg w]/n} fO{ kIff3ft x'g,] lduf}n{ fn]

f;
sfd gug]{ / ljljw k|sf/sf ckfª\utf x'g] 8/ x'G5 . o:tf sltko 3fts /f]usf] pkrf/
zNo lrlsT;fsf dfWodaf6 klg ;Dej x'b“ f] /x]g5 . csf]{ hfGg'kg]{ s'/f s'g} klg cf}ifwL ;]jg
js
ug'k{ j" { To;sf] Dofb ;dfKt eP gePsf] x]gk{' 5{ .
%= dnfO{ ljZjf; 5, ltdLn] hfg]sf o:t} s'/fx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] hLjgdf ptfg]{ 5\of} . cfkm\gf
;fyLefO / ufp“3/df klg k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ 5\of} . cfzf 5, ltdLdfkm{t c¿n] klg o:tf gof“
dl

hfgsf/L k|fKt ub}{ hfg] 5g\ . s;}n] klg hyfefjL cf}ifwL ;]jg u/]sf x'g] 5}gg\ . cGttM xfd|f]
;dfh :j:y / ;Eo ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf] x'g] 5 .
o\ jm|

zAbfy{
kf7

pjf M lxdfnL cGg

;+oldt M lgolGqt
l;6fdf]n M Hj/f] 36fpg] cf}ifwL
k]g lsn/ M b'vfO sd ug]{ cf}ifwL
PlG6afof]l6s M k|lt/f]wfTds cf}ifwL
k|lts"n M pN6f]
kIff3ft M z/L/sf cª\u grNg] jf afª\lug] /f]u
zNo lrlsT;f M lr/kmf/ u/L ug]{ pkrf/
k|rf/ k|;f/ M k}mnfj6, k}mnfpg] sfd
g]kfnL M sIff ( 53
^= ef]lnsf lbgx¿df yk hfg]sf s'/f n]Vb} hfg] 5' . ltdLn] OG6/g]6 rnfpg hfg]kl5 o:tf
hfgsf/LnfO{ Od]naf6 g} cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;Sg] 5f} . ck]Iff u/f},“ Tof] lbg rf“8} cfpg] 5 .
cfdfa'af;“u t df]afOn kmf]gdf g} s'/f ubf{ /dfOnf] nfU5 . efOnfO{ d]/f] ld7f] ;Demgf ;'gfO
lbg" . ufp“sf ;fyL;“uLnfO{ klg w]/} w]/} ;f]ws ] f] 5 egL lbg" . cfk"m klg w]/} d]xgt u/L
k9 . csf]{ ;fnsf] k|jl] zsf k/LIffdf /fd|f] glthf Nofpg'k5{ . w]/} s] n]v“" . s'g} gof“ ljifodf
hfgsf/L kfP“ eg] o;/L g} lr7L n]vn“' f . cfhnfO{ snd oxL“ aGb u5{' .
ltdLnfO{ w]/} dfof ug]{ lbbL
>b\wf g]kfnL

G] b|
vfdsf] gd'gf

s
k|]ifs k|fks
>b\wf g]kfnL
f; >L cg'kdf g]kfnL
js
jL/uGh d]l8sn sn]h ;Nofg @, ;f]nv
' D' a'
jL/uGh pkdxfgu/ kflnsf %, k;f{
dl
o\ jm|
kf7

54 g]kfnL M sIff (
 cEof;
;'gfO
!= lr7Lsf] t];f| ] cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / vfnL 7fp“ eg'x{ f];\ M
-s_ ================sf] cefjn] dflg;x¿ a9L dfqfdf clUgdfGb\o vfgf vfG5g\ . -a'bl\ w÷r]tgf_
-v_ ahfl/of vfg]s/' fx¿ ======= vfg]s/' fleq kb{5g\ . -clUgdfGb\o÷ck|zf]lwt_
-u_ xfdLn] ljz]if u/L ============== vfgfdf hf]8 lbg'kg]{ /x]5 . -Iff/ k|wfg÷d;nfbf/_
-3_ Iff/ k|wfg vfgfdf ================== kb{5 . -ds}÷df;'_

G] b|
-ª_ ================cfxf/ g} pTtd cf}ifwL xf] . -;+oldt÷k|zf]lwt_
@= lr7Lsf] rf}yf] cg'R5]b lzIfsaf6 ;'Gg'xf];\ / ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ eGg'xf];\ M

s
-s_ jt{dfg ;dfhdf s] s:tf cf}ifwLhGo ljs[ltx¿ kfOG5g\ <
-v_ 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfxlagf cf}ifwL vf“bf s:tf] k|efj kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf x'g] /x]5 <

f;
-u_ s'g} klg cf}ifwL ;]jg ug'k{ j" { la;{g} gx'g] s'/f s] xf] <
#= kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5]b >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .
js
af]nfO
!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pbfx/0fdf b]vfP h:t} u/L l7s pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M
dl

Jo:ttf ÷ Ao;\=t=tf
/Strfk ÷/s\=t=rfk\
x[bof3ft, ca'b{ , Iff/ k|wfg, lrlsT;s, k/LIf0f
o\ jm|

#= lr7Ldf eg]cg';f/ tkfO{s

“ f cf;kf;sf ahf/df kfOg] vfg} gx'g] k|sf/sf s] s] j:t'x¿ kbf{
/x]5g\ < ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ / sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
kf7

$= hyfefjL cf}ifwL vf“bf kg]{ k|efjsf af/]df ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L To;sf] lgisif{ sIffdf
k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
%= lr7Ldf cfw'lgs lrlsT;f ;DaGwL g;{ k9]sL >b\wf g]kfnLn] cfo'jb{] lj1fgnfO{ klg dxTTj
lbPsfdf tkfO{n“ fO{ s:tf] nfUof] < cfkm\gf] k|ltlj|mof lbg'xf];\ .
^= lr7L n]Vg] >b\wf lbbLsf] afgL tyf Jojxf/ s:tf] xf]nf < lr7L k9]sf cfwf/df sIffdf
5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
k9fO
!= dflysf] lr7L kfn}kfnf] ;:j/ k7g u/L sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
@= kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf jfSosf] j|md ldnfpg'xf];\ M
g]kfnL M sIff ( 55
 -s_ :jf:Yo g} hLjgsf] klxnf] wg xf] .
-v_ vf;} gf}nf] va/ t s]xL 5}g .
-u_ cfhnfO{ snd oxL“ aGb ub{5' .
-3_ cf}ifwL ;]jg ug'k{ j" { To;sf] Dofb ;dfKt eP gePsf] x]gk{' 5{ .
-ª_ hLjgsf nflu ;j{>i] 7 cfxf/ eg]sf Ctfxf/, lxtfxf/ / ldtfxf/ x'g\ .
#= tn lbOPsf] cg'R5]b /fd|/L k9\gx' f];\ / tn ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

G] b|
1fg k':tsdf dfq ;Lldt x'b“ g} . k|sl[ tdf, hgtfsf hLjgdf / ltgsf ;'v b'Mvdf 7'nf] 1fg
x'G5 . ltgLx¿;“u leh]/ 1fgsf] pkfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 . ;dfhsf s]6fs]6L, a'9fa'9L;“u

s
;Dks{ /fVgfn] / n]sa];L, ufp“3/, v]tvnf], d]nf pT;jdf 3'Dg] lkmg]{ ugf{n] klg w]/}
cg'ejL tyf kf/vL agfp“5 . nf]s ;flxTodf rn]sf /fd|f /fd|f uLt, pvfg 6'Ssf,
nf]ssyf, ufp“vfg] syf cflb ;'Gg], a6'Ng] ugf{n] nf]s ;flxTosf] ;+jw{g / ljsf;df dbt
f;
klg x'G5 . s'g} lrh, 36gf jf b[Zo b]Vbf p7]sf ljrf/ / dgdf cfPsf efjx¿nfO{
cleJoSt ug'k{ 5{ . of] jf:tljs cg'el" t oyfy{ klg x'G5 . o;/L g} gof“ lrh vf]Hg] pT;'stf
js
/ gof“ lrh u|x0f ug]{ ;+:sf/ a;fpg'k5{, ko{jI] f0f / sNkgf ug]{ zlSt a9fpg'k5{ . n]vg
snfsf ;DaGwdf cg]:{ 6 x]ldª\j] eG5g\, æj0f{g dfq ug's { f] ;f6f] To;nfO{ dfem\b} v“lbnf]
cfwf/ lbg'k5{, hLjg lbg'k5{ . Tof] /lrG5, j0f{g ul/Gg . Tof] ltd|f] l;h{gfTds of]Uotfsf]
dl

;Ldf;Dd ;To Pjd\ pGd'St x'G5 .Æ

-s[i0fk|;fb k/fh'nL M /fd|f] /rgf ld7f] g]kfnL_
o\ jm|

k|Zgx¿
-s_ xfdLn] 7'nf] 1fg sxf“af6 k|fKt ug{ ;S5f}“ <
kf7

-v_ dfG5]x¿ s;/L cg'ejL / kf/vL x'g ;S5g\ <

-u_ nf]s ;flxTosf] ;+jw{g / ljsf;df s;/L dbt k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 <
-3_ ‘;+:sf/’ / ‘ko{jI] f0f’ zAbsf] cy{ n]Vg'xf];\ .
-ª_ dflysf] cg'R5]bsf nflu pko'St zLif{s s] x'g ;Snf, n]Vg'xf];\ .
n]vfO
!= lgDg lnlvt k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ of] lr7L s;n] s;nfO{ n]vs
] f] xf] <
56 g]kfnL M sIff (
 -v_ >b\wfn] alxgLnfO{ lr7L n]Vg'sf] d'Vo pb\bZ] o s] b]lvG5 <
-u_ cfk"mnfO{ :j:y /fVg xfdLn] s'g s'g s'/fx¿ ug'k{ 5{ <
-3_ tkfO{“ >b\wfsf] :yfgdf ePsf] eP s'g ljifodf alxgLnfO{ lr7L n]Vg'xG' Yof], lsg <
-ª_ dflysf] lr7LnfO{ cem /fd|f] agfpg s] ug{ ;lsG5, cfkm\gf] ljrf/ n]Vg'xf];\ .
@= JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M
:jf:Yo g} hLjgsf] klxnf] wg xf] .

G] b|
#= cfhsfnsf] df]afOn, Od]n / OG6/g]6sf hdfgfdf klg >b\wf g]kfnLn] x'nfsaf6 k7fpg]
sfuhL lr7L n]vs] f] tkfO{n“ fO{ slTtsf] pko'St nfUof] < cfkm\gf] k|ltlj|mof Pp6f cg'R5]bdf

s
n]Vg'xf];\ .
$= afn aflnsfnfO{ ahfl/of vfgf vfhfsf ¿kdf glbO{ 3/]n' vfg]s/' fdf g} hf]8 lbg cfu|x ub}{

f;
ufp“df v]tL u/L a:g' ePsf dfdfnfO{ lr7L n]Vg'xf];\ .
%= lr7L k9]sf cfwf/df ldNbf] kof{ojfrL zAb vf]hL hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
js
cf/fd ;Grf]
cNkfxf/ a]km';{bL
dl

Jo:ttf pN6f]
ldx]gt kl/>d
o\ jm|

k|lts"n cNk ef]h] g

^= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/]/ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ M
kf7

cNkfxf/, 5fpk8L, Iff/ k|wfg, >]o:s/, ;]jg, zNo lrlsT;f

&= tn lbOPsf zAbsf] km/s cy{ cfpg] u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug{x' f];\ M
t/, km'n, hfn, ;f“rf], ;fn, sfn, df;, k]6L, pTt/, s/, xf/
*= b'O{ b'O{ hgfsf] ;d"xdf a;L tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ z'bw\ u/L sfkLdf ;fg'x{ f];\ M
dnfO lj:jf; 5, tLdLn] o:6f hfg]sf s'/fx¿ nfO{ cfkm"gf] lhjgdf ptf/g] 5p . cfkm\gf;fyLefO{
/ ufp3/df klg k|;f/ ug]5{ f} . cf;f 5, xfd|f ufpn]x¿ n] o;6f gof hfgsfl/ k|fKt u/b}
hfGof 5g\ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 57
(= tkfO{s
“ f] cfk\mgf] ;+:s[ltcg';f/ lgDg lnlvt gftfuf]tfnfO{ 3/fo;L lr7L n]Vbf ;'?df s] eg]/
;Daf]wg / clejfbg ug'x{ G' 5, n]Vg'xf];\ M
gftfuf]tf ;'?sf] ;Daf]wg clejfbg
dftf
lktf
bfh'
lbbL

G] b|
alxgL

s
Jofs/0f
f;
!= kf7df k|oS' t eljiot\ sfnsf s'g} rf/ cf]6f jfSo l6Kg'xf];\ .
@= tnsf jfSox¿ eljiot\ sfnsf s'g s'g kIfx¿;“u ;DalGwt 5g\, n]Vg'xf];\ M
js
-s_ nId0f yf?n] df3L kj{ dgfpg] 5g\ .
-v_ gldtf nfdfn] l;nfO{ l;s]sL x'g] 5g\ .
dl

-u_ /fdgfy gof“ 3/ agfp“b} x'g] 5g\ .

-3_ clnldof cG;f/L cfufdL dlxgfaf6 sk8f Jofkf/ ub}{ x'g] 5g\ .
o\ jm|

-ª_ w'lnv]n dxf]T;jdf ko{6sx¿ /dfPsf x'g] 5g\ .

-r_ dx]Gb| ofbjn] ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f ug]{ 5g\ .
kf7

#= eljiot\ sfnsf k|To]s kIfsf kf“r kf“r cf]6f jfSo n]Vg'xf];\ .

l;h{gfTds cEof;
cfkmGtsf] lgwgdf n]lvg] ;dj]bgf kqsf] gd'gf tof/ kfg'x{ f];\ .

58 g]kfnL M sIff (
 kf7 & lgb|f

!= >L # a8fdxf/fgLsf ¿kdf b/af/df lelqPsf] s]xL lbgd} afns'df/L b]jLn] cfk\mgf klt
dxf/fh rGb|zdz]/df ulx/f] a]rg} L / 56k6fx6 b]lvg\ . rGb|zdz]/ /ftL /fd|/L lgbfpg
;St}gy] . pgL lgb|fd} aa{/fpg], bf/f ls6\g] / PSsfl; lap“lemg] uy]{ . kltsf] o:tf] Jojxf/ b]v/]
afns'df/Ln] Ps lbg rGb|zdz]/;“u elgg\, æxh'/ lsg /fd|/L lgbfO aS;Gg < hfGg]nfO{
b]vfpg kfP x'GYof] .Æ hjfkmdf rGb|zdz]/n] eg], æd}n] snsTTffsf 7'nf 8fS6/x¿;“u
h“rfO;s]sf] 5' . dnfO{ s'g} /f]u 5}g . lrGtf dfGg' kb}g{ .Æ

G] b|
@= rGb|zdz]/ k|foM l/;fO/xGy] . pgL cfkm\gf efO elthfx¿;“u klg emsf]k{ msf]{ u/]/ af]Ny] .

s
pgL /fd|/L vfgf klg vf“bg} y] . pgsf] o:tf] afgL b]v/] afns'df/Ln] elgg\, æxh'/ lagl;TtLdf
l/;fOalS;G5, emsf]k{ msf]{ ul/alS;G5 . Toqf Toqf d'lVtof/, hª\uLnf7 eO;s]sf efOx¿nfO{
ufnL ul/alS;G5 . lsg xf]nf, d}n] t s]xL a'em\g} ;lsg“ .Æ
f;
#= afns'df/Lsf s'/f ;'g/] rGb|zdz]/n] nfdf] ;':s]/f xfNb} eg], æv}, lsg xf] dnfO{ efO
elthfx¿ b]Vb} l/; p7\5 . pgLx¿ s;}kl| t dnfO{ k6Ss} ljZjf; 5}g . logLx¿sf] sfd
js
/fd|f] 5}g . ;a}nfO{ /f]nj|mddf dfly hfg' 5 . o:t} xf] eg] ef]ln s] x'G5 eGg ;ls“bg} .Æ
$= ælar/f ¤ To:tf Odfgbf/ kmTo afa'nfO{ xh'l/ofaf6 x6fOaS:of] . u]xG] b| elthnfO{ oxf“ cfpg}
dl

/f]s nufOaS;]sf] 5 . bfOn] dnfO{ ufnL ul//xg'xG' 5, o:t} xf] eg] Ps lbg /fhLgfdf lbP/
lx“85
\ ' eg]/ eLd afa' eGg'xG' 5 /] . o;/L cfk\mg}nfO{ lr9fP/ s;/L /fhsfh ug{ ;lsG5 xf]nf
/ <Æ afns'df/Ln] elgg\ .
o\ jm|

%= æltdL hfh/sf]6] 7s'/LsL 5f]/L, g]kfn b/af/sf] ;a} s'/f yfxf kfPsL 5}gf} . hª\uaxfb'/n]
af“ws
] f] lyltdf oxL sdhf]/L 5, zf;gdf /xg]n] cfk\mg} efO elthf;“u 8/fpg'k5{ . bfh'kl5
efOx¿df / efOx¿kl5 elthfx¿df /f]nj|md hfg] ePkl5 cfk\mg} efO elthf t zq' x'b“ f
kf7

zAbfy{
a]rg} L M czflGt, Jofs'ntf
k|foM M w]/h
} ;f]
lagl;TtLdf M lagfsf/0f, TolTts}, laTyfdf
d'lVtof/ M k|wfg dGqL ;/x clwsf/ kfPsf] JolSt
hª\uLnf7 M /f0ff zf;g sfnsf] ;]gf k|dv ' , ;]gfklt
/f]nj|md M dflyNnf] kbdf hfg] kfnf]
/fhLgfdf M kb 5f8\g] sfd
g]kfnL M sIff ( 59
 /x]5g\ . /0ff]bb\ Lk, huthªsf zq' sf] eP < b]j bfOsf zq' sf] eP < ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g
/ < To;}n] d}n] kmTonfO{ xh'l/ofaf6 lgsfn]sf] xf] . ltdLn] c;n eg]sf] u]xG] b| sd 3dG8L
5 < Pp6f d]l;g ug s] agfPsf] lyof], cfkm"nfO{ g]kfns} klxnf] j}1flgs eG7fG5 . cl:t To;n]
dnfO{ b]vfpg xf]Og, t;f{pgsf nflu k]:tf]n af]s/] cfPsf] xf] .Æ rGb|zdz]/n] eg] .
^= afns'df/Ln] elgg\, æxh'/sf] grflx“bf] zª\sf dfq xf] . dnfO{ xh'/sf efO elthfaf6 To:tf]
s'g} vt/f 5 h:tf] nfUb}g . cgfjZos zª\sfn' afgLn] ubf{ xh'/nfO{ vfg g?r]sf] xf],
lgb|f gcfPsf] xf] . zª\sfn] nª\sf hnfp“5 eG5g\ . w]/} zª\sfn] ubf{ b'AnfP/ l;6\7f]
eOaS:of] . xh'/nfO{ yfxf 5, s'/f sf6\gx] ¿ xh'/nfO{ lkm:6] dxf/fh eg]/ x“:;L dhfs
u5{g\ /] .Æ

G] b|
&= jL/zdz]/ / b]jzdz]/sf xh'l/of eP/ sfd u/]sf kmTohªnfO{ rGb|zdz]/n] klg ;'?df

s
cfk\mgf] xh'l/of agfPsf lyP . kl5 v} s] 7fg]/ pgnfO{ xh'l/ofaf6 avf{:t u/] . of] avf{:tL;“u}
lk/ / lrGtfdf 8'as ] f kmTohªsf] Ps lbg crfgs d[To' eof] . ptf u]xG] b|zdz]/ klg Ps
a]ns' L /S;Lsf] Ps 3'6s
f; \ f] lkpgf;fy a]xf]; eP/ d/] . o;/L b]jzdz]/nfO{ kbRo't u/L
rGb|zdz]/nfO{ ;Ttfdf k'¥ofpg ;xof]u ug]{ kmTo / u]xG] b|sf] /x:odo d[To' eof] . pgLx¿
b'js
} f] d[To' rGb|zdz]/s} sf/0f ePsf] xf] eGg] ufO“uO' “ xNnf rNof] . o:tf] xNnf afns'df/Ln]
js
klg ;'lgg\ t/ cfk\mgf] >Ldfg\;u“ ;f]Wg] cf“6 eg] ul/gg\ . ptf rGb|zdz]/sf] a]rg} L p:t} lyof] .
*= Ps lbg rGb|zdz]/n] lqe'jg rGb| -lq rGb|_ sn]hsf] pb\3f6g u/] . æsn]h vf]n/] d}n]
dl

cfk\mgf v'66\ fdf cfk}mn

“ ] aGr/f] xfg]“ .Æ lbp“;f] efif0fdf eg]sf] s'/f pgn] a]ns
' f /fgL
afns'df/L;“u klg bf]xf]¥ofP .
(= ædxf/fh klg s:tf] s'/f ul/aS;G5 ¤ sn]h vf]n/] t emg\ /fd|f] eof] lg, ca xfd|f dfG5]n]
o\ jm|

k9\g kfpg] eP .Æ afns'df/Ln] elgg\ .

!)= æToxL k9\g kfp“5g\ / s'/f] lalu|G5 lg . k9] n]vs
] f lzlIftx¿n] ;+;f/df s] s:tf zf;g
kf7

Joj:yf 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfp“5g\ . clxn] ;+;f/el/ xfd|f] h:tf] kfl/jfl/s / hxflgof zf;gsf

zAbfy{
xh'l/of M /f0ff sfndf >L # sf] ;fydf /xg] k|dv ' JolSt
zª\sfn' M zª\sf ug]{ afgL ePsf]
l;6\7f] M b'AnfP/ jf ;'s/] xf8 5fnf dfq /x]sf]
lkm:6] M lkm:6f] h:tf] ;fgf], ;fgf sbsf], b'Anf]
avf{:t M lgsfnf, vf/]h
kbRo't M kbaf6 x6fpg] sfd
60 g]kfnL M sIff (
 lj?b\w k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ng rNb} 5 . oxf“sf k9] n]vs
] fx¿ klg To:tf] cfGbf]nglt/ cfslif{t
x'g ;S5g\ . To:tf] eof] eg] /f0ff j+zsf] zf;g ;dfKt x'g s] a]/ / ¤Æ rGb|zdz]/n] nfdf]
;':s]/f xfn]/ eg] .
!!= æolb To:tf] lyof] eg] lsg sn]h vf]Ng'k¥of] t <Æ afns'df/Ln] elgg\ .
!@= æd}n] v';Ln] sn]h vf]ns
] f] xf] t ¤ xfd|} vns nf}g xfd|f 5f]/fx¿ lau|,] k9\g kfPgg\
eG5g\ . ptf cª\uh]| ;/sf/sf hf];s ' n} fO{ e]6b\ f klg Pp6f sh]n t vf]nL alS;g k¥of]
dxf/fh eG5g\ . slt bafa ;xg' < h] t knf{ eg]/ vf]ns ] f] lg .Æ rGb|zdz]/n] knªdf klN6“b}
eg] .

G] b|
!#= rGb|zdz]/n] cfk\mgf 5f]/fx¿sf] /f]nj|mdnfO{ klg ;'/lIft kf/] . pgn] l5d]sL ef/tdf /x]sf]

s
cª\uh]| ;/sf/;“u /fd|f] ;DaGw agfP . klxnf] ljZj o'bw\ df nfvf}“ g]kfnL o'jfx¿nfO{ k7fP
afkt pgsf] lghL sf]ifdf nfvf}“ gub hDdf eof] . pgn] cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf lje"if0f
klg kfP . pgn] l;kfxL / lkkfx¿nfO{ v6fP/ l;+x b/af/ agfP / /fHosf]ifaf6 b'O{ s/f]8

f;
?k}of“ lnP . pgn] s/f]8f}“ d"Nosf ;'g, rf“bL, lx/fx¿ clg s/f]8f}“ ?k}of“ ljb]zL a}ªs
u/] . Tolt x'b“ f klg pgsf] a]rg} / 56k6L x6]g, a? a9\b} uof] .
\ df hDdf
js
!$= rGb|zdz]/sf] a]rg} L / 56k6fx6 w]/} a9]sf] b]vL Ps a]ns
' f afns'df/Ln] elgg\, æca t clt
eof] dxf/fh, Ps k6s snsTTffaf6 8fS6/nfO{ lemsfP/ b]vfpg] xf] ls ¤Æ
dl

!%= æ8fS6/n] lgsf] kfg]{ /f]u eP t snsTtfaf6 xf]Og, nG8gaf6} lemsfpg ;lsG5 lg ¤ nG8gd}
uP/ pkrf/ u/] klg x'G5, t/ d]/f] of] /f]u s'g} 8fS6/n] pkrf/ ug{ ;St}g ¤Æ rGb|zdz]/n]
nfdf] ;':s]/f xfNb} eg] .
o\ jm|

!^= ædxf/fh, xh'/ cfk\mgf] ;TTff c;'/lIft 5 eg]/ 8/fOaS;]sf] xf] . of] xh'/sf] e|d dfq
xf] . xfdL lj?b\w s;n] if8\oGq ug{ ;S5 / < /f]nj|mddf /x]sf eLd / h'bw\ afa'x¿n] To:tf]
ug{ ;Sg] s'g} ;Defjgf 5}g . clg lsg lrGtf lnO/xg'k¥of] ¤Æ afns'df/Ln] elgg\ .
kf7

!&= æxf] dxf/fgL, clxn] s;}n] klg xfd|f lj?b\w s]xL ug{ ;St}g eGg] dnfO{ yfxf 5 . ca dnfO{
lhp“bf efO elthfx¿;“u s'g} 8/ 5}g . d/]sf a8fafp, bfOefO / elthfx¿;“u eg] ;f/}
8/fpg yfn]sf] 5' . ;kgfdf dnfO{ /0ff]bb\ Lk cfP/ ufnL u5{g\ . huthªx¿ cfP/ 8/

zAbfy{
cfslif{t M nf]lePsf], e'mlDdPsf], cfk"mlt/ tflgPsf]
lje"if0f M cnª\sf/, cfe"if0f
lkkf M ;]gfnfO{ sfddf ;3fpg] tNnf] txsf] hflu/]
/fHosf]if M ;/sf/L 9's6' L, /fHosf] cfDbfgL hDdf x'g] 7fp“
g]kfnL M sIff ( 61
 b]vfp“5g\ . Tolt dfq xf]Og, u]xG] b| / kmTox¿ cf}n“ f] 78\ofp“5g\ . s[i0fnfn ‘ds}sf] v]tL’
lstfa b]vfp“b} dnfO{ lvHofp“5g\ . ljZjo'bw\ df dfl/Psf nfvf}“ dflg;x¿ cfP/ xfd|f] Hofg
a]r/] slt sdfO;\ eg]/ dnfO{ ;tfp“5g\ <Æ rGb|zdz]/n] eg] .
!*= æleqL dgdf n'ss] f s'/f ;kgfdf b]lvG5 eG5g\ . xh'/ ltg} dfG5]sf af/]df ;f]lralS;G5
xf]nf, clg ;kgfdf cfp“5g\ . la;{g' Sof ltgLx¿nfO{ .Æ afns'df/Ln] elgg\ .
!(= æla;{g t vf]H5' lg t/ sxf“ ;S5' / ¤ zlSt, ;TTff / ;DklTt g} ;a} yf]s eGg] 7flgof] /
dfGohg klg elgPg, cfkmGt klg elgPg . clxn] ;De“mbf 8/ nfU5, d/]kl5 odb"tn] l3;fb}{
g/s n}hfG5g\ xf]nf h:tf] nfU5 . bfg blIf0ff / kf7k"hf t u/]sf 5f}“ t/ To;n] ;a}
s'/fsf] k|folZrTt unf{ h:tf] nfUb}g .Æ rGb|zdz]/n] eg] .

G] b|
@)= æxh'/ g/fd|f s'/f dfq} ;f]lraS;G5 . cfk"mn] u/]sf /fd|f sfd klg t 5g\, ltgnfO{ ;Dem]/

s
9'Ss eOaS:of];\ g .Æ afns'df/Ln] elgg\ .
@!= æv} vfln efO elthfn] if8\oGq unf{g\ ls eGg] qf;df /lxof] . oqf] >L # dxf/fhf ePkl5
f;
clnslt ;DklTtsf] hf]xf] ug'k{ 5{ eg]/ Totflt/ Wofg uof] . kl5;Dd sLlt{ /fVg] sfdlt/ t
Wofg} uPg5 . wGg ;tL k|yf x6fpg] Pp6f /fd|f] sfd ul/P5 / dfq, gq Oltxf;df snª\s}
js
snª\s af]Sg'kg]{ /x]5 .Æ rGb|zdz]/n] pbf; eP/ eg] .
@@= æ;tL k|yf x6fpg] h:t} c¿ /fd|f sfd klg t ug{ ;lsG5 lg ¤ xh'/n] ug{ rfx]sf] sfd s;}n]
/f]Sg ;Sg] xf]Og Sof/] ¤Æ afns'df/Ln] elgg\ .
dl

@#= æof] t l7s} eGof} . o; ;DaGwdf d]/f dgdf klg s'/f v]Ng yfn]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sfdf bf; k|yf
x6fPsfdf ca|fxd lnª\sgsf] sqf] OHht 5 . ef/tdf klg of] k|yf xl6;Sof] . ;+;f/af6} bf;
k|yf x6\gk' 5{ eg]/ cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf :n]e sld;g klg ag]sf] 5 eGg] ;'Gb} 5' . ca xfdLn]
o\ jm|

of] k|yf /flv/fVof}“ eg] ;+;f/el/ xfd|f] a]OHht klg x'G5 . To;}n] ca bf; k|yf t x6fpg} k5{
t/ bf; dflnsx¿ l/;fpnfg\ ls eGg] 8/ 5 .Æ rGb|zdz]/n] eg] .
kf7

@$= æbf; dflnsx¿ lsg l/;fpg' lg ¤ b'O{ rf/ ;o lbP/ k':tf}“ k':tf;Dd sfd nufpg kfPsf 5g\ .
cem} slt sfd nufO{ /fVg'kg]{ pgLx¿nfO{ ¤Æ afns'df/Ln] elgg\ .
zAbfy{
k|folZrt M kfk jf ck/fwsf] bf]if d]6fpg] sfo{
if8\oGq M 5nsk6, hfne]mn, csf{sf] clgi6 ug]{ uf]Ko rfnafhL
;tL k|yf M >Ldfg\sf] nf;;“u} hn]/ dg]{ k/Dk/f
snª\s M bf]if, bfu, nf~5gf
bf; k|yf M 3/]n' sfdbf/sf nflu dflg;sf] lsga]r u/]/ sfddf nufpg] k/Dk/f
:n]e sld;g M /fi6« ;ª\3n] ljZjaf6 bf; k|yf x6fpgsf nflu ;g\ !(@# df agfPsf] cfof]u
62 g]kfnL M sIff (
@%= æTo;f] geg, bf; dflns eg]sf ;a}
xfd|f dfG5] x'g\, pgLx¿nfO{ klg
lr9fpg' x'b“ g} . /fHosf]ifaf6 Ifltk"lt{{
lbP/ eP klg of] k|yf rflx“ x6fpg'k5{
Sof/] .Æ rGb|zdz]/n] eg] .
@^= >L # rGb| z dz] / n] 6' “ l 8v] n df
cfof]lht ;df/f]xdf g]kfnaf6 bf;
d'St ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/] . kz'kltgfysf]
9's6' Laf6 5lTt; nfv ;Tt/L xhf/

G] b|
?k}of“ lems]/ dflnsx¿nfO{ bf;bf;Lsf]

s
d"No r'Stf ul/of] . o;/L g]kfnel/af6
pgG;f7L xhf/ cf7 ;o lqkGg
bf;bf;Lx¿ d'St eP .

f;
@&= bf;k|yf pGd"ngsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 rGb|zdz]/ cfgGbn] lgbfpg yfn] . 5\ofª\u pHofnf] x'b“ f;Dd
klg pgL d:t lgbfO/x]sf x'Gy] . rGb|zdz]/;“u afns'df/Lsf] lax] eP/ cfPsf] b'O{ bzs
js
eof] . o; lardf klxnf] k6s rGb|zdz]/ o;/L cfgGbn] lgbfPsf] b]v/] afns'df/L v';L
eOg\ . o:tf] b]v/] pgn] dgdg} elgg\, æ;'v / ;Gt'li6 eGg] s'/f ;DklTt, kb / k|lti7faf6 x}g,
c;n sfdaf6 k|fKt x'b“ f] /x]5 .Æ
dl

zAbfy{
pGd"ng Mh/}bl] v pv]Ng] lj|mof
o\ jm|

k|lti7f M dfg, sLlt{, oz, uf}/j

kf7

g]kfnL M sIff ( 63
 cEof;
;'gfO
!= kf7sf] klxnf] / bf];f| ] cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / l7s a]l7s 5'6o\ fpg'x' f];\ M
-s_ afns'df/L b]jL >L % a8fdxf/fgLsf ¿kdf b/af/df lelqPsL lyOg\ .
-v_ afns'df/Ln] rGb|zdz]/df ulx/f] a]rg} L / 56k6fx6 b]lvg\ .
-u_ rGb|zdz]/ lgb|fd} aa{/fpg], bf/f ls6\g] / PSsfl; lap“lemg] uy]{ .

G] b|
-3_ rGb|zdz]/n] g]kfnsf 7'nf 8fS6/x¿;“u h“rfO;s]sf lyP .

s
-ª_ rGb|zdz]/ d'lVtof/, hª\uLnf7 eO;s]sf efOx¿nfO{ ufnL uy]{ .
@= kf7sf] t];f| ] / rf}yf] cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
f;
-s_ rGb|zdz]/ efO elthf;“u s;/L af]Ny] <
js
-v_ lsg rGb|zdz]/df efOx¿k|lt ljZjf; lyPg <
-u_ rGb|zdz]/n] kmTo / u]xG] b|nfO{ s] s] u/] <
dl

-3_ rGb|zdz]/ / u]xG] b|zdz]/sf lardf s:tf] gftf ;DaGw lyof] <
-ª_ eLdzdz]/n] lsg /fhLgfdf lbG5' eg]sf lyP <
#= kf7sf] ;ftf}“ cg'R5]b >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .
o\ jm|

af]nfO
kf7

!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] z'bw\ pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M

aa{/fpg', d'lVtof/, zª\sfn', avf{:t, kbRo't, /x:odo, ufO“uO' ,“ cfslif{t, lje"if0f, if8\oGq,
snª\s, lr9fpg', 9's6' L, pGd"ng, k|lti7f
@= kf7sf cf7f},“ gjf}“ / b;f}“ cg'R5]bsf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ eGg'xf];\ M
-s_ rGb|zdz]/n] s'g sn]hsf] pb\3f6g u/] <
-v_ sn]hsf] pb\3f6gdf rGb|zdz]/n] s] eg] <
-u_ afns'df/Lsf cg';f/ sn]h vf]Nbf lsg /fd|f] x'G5 <

64 g]kfnL M sIff (
 -3_ k9] n]vs
] f lzlIftx¿ s] yfxf kfp“5g\ <
-ª_ /f0ff j+zsf] zf;g ;dfKt x'g] sf/0f s] xf] <
#= kf7sf] ;qf}“ cg'R5]bdf pNn]v ePsf kfqx¿ rGb|zdz]/sf ;kgfdf lsg cfPsf xf]nfg\ <
;d"xdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ / 5nkmnaf6 lgsflnPsf] lgisif{ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
$= tkfO{n“ ] ;'gs
] f] jf k9]sf] s'g} syf ;fyLnfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
k9fO

G] b|
!= kf7sf cg'R5]bx¿ xfpefp;lxt kfn}kfnf] k9\gx' f];\ .
@= kf7sf t]/f}b“ l] v ;f]/f}“ cg'R5]b;Dd k9L ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ .

s
#= kf7sf c7f/f}b“ l] v PSsfO;f}“ cg'R5]b;Dd k9L s'g} kf“r cf]6f k|Zg agfpg'xf];\ .

f;
$= kf7sf afO;f}b“ l] v clGtd cg'R5]b;Dd k9L d'Vo d'Vo 36gf l6Kg'xf];\ .
%= tnsf] n3'syf k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
js
kmf6]sf] d}nf] n'uf nufPsf] Ps dfUg] vfnL v'66\ fdf Ps gj wgf9\osxf“ dfUb} k'Uof] . gj
wgf9\on] Ps d'7L leIff lbg'sf] ;6\6f Ps hf]/ gof“ n'uf g} lbof] .
dl

dfUg]n] ;6{ p7fP/ x]¥of] / ToxL“ /fVof], hxf“af6 p7fPsf] lyof] . KofG6 p7fof], x]¥of] / ToxL“
/fVof] . To;/L cfkm"n] lbPsf] ;fdfgnfO{ lt/:sf/ u/]sf] 7fgL wgL JolStn] s8\s/] eGof],
æx}g, s] vf]hs
] f] t}n“ ] < dfUg lx“8g\ ,] lbPsf] glng] <Æ
o\ jm|

dfUg]n] ;s?0f eGof], ædflns, dnfO{ a;\, Ps k]6 cGg rflxPsf] 5, h;n] k]6 eg{ ;s"“" .
oltsf n'uf nufP/ lx“8] dnfO{ s;n] lbG5 km]l/ < To;}n] oL n'uf nufpg afWo u/fP/
kf7

d]/f] k]6df nft lsg xfGg'xG' 5 < d}n] xh'/sf] s] kf] la/fPsf] 5' / <Æ
-slkn nfld5fg], ‘dfUg]’ zLif{ssf] n3'syfaf6_
-s_ dfUg]nfO{ wgL JolStn] s] lbof] <
-v_ wgf9\o JolStn] lbPsf] s'/f dfUg]n] lsg lng dfg]g <
-u_ dfUg]n] wgf9\o JolStnfO{ ‘d]/f] k]6df nft lsg xfGg'xG' 5 <’ eGg'sf] tfTko{ s] xf] <
-3_ dflysf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\lst zAbx¿sf] cy{ s] s] x'g\ <
-ª_ o; n3'syfaf6 tkfO{n“ ] s:tf] ;Gb]z kfpg'eof] <

g]kfnL M sIff ( 65
^= kf7sf] kf“rf}“ / 5}6f}“ cg'R5]b k9\gx' f];\ / hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
afns'df/L b]jL ‘lkm:6] dxf/fh’ eg]/ x“:;L dhfs u5{g\

kmTo hfh/sf]6] 7s'/LsL 5f]/L

hª\uaxfb'/n] af“ws
] f] lylt xh'l/ofaf6 lgsflnPsf]

s'/f sf6\gx] ¿ d]l;g ug agfpg]

G] b|
b'AnfP/ cfkm\g} efO, elthf;“u 8/fpg'k5{

s
u]x]Gb| l;6\7f] eOaS:of]
n]vfO
f;
!= tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ 5f]6s/Ldf n]Vg'xf];\ M
js
-s_ lax] eP/ cfPsf] s]xL lbgd} afns'df/L b]jLn] rGb|zdz]/sf af/]df s] s'/f yfxf kfOg\ <
-v_ rGb|zdz]/ cfk\mgf efO elthfx¿;“u s:tf] Jojxf/ uy]{ <
dl

-u_ rGb|zdz]/nfO{ lsg cfk\mg} efO elthfk|lt zª\sf lyof] <

-3_ rGb|zdz]/n] s;/L cfkm\gf] zf;gnfO{ alnof] agfPsf lyP <
-ª_ rGb|zdz]/nfO{ ;kgfdf ss;n] s] s] uy]{ <
o\ jm|

@= lzIfsnfO{ ;f]w/] ;tL k|yfsf af/]df Ps cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .

kf7

#= efj lj:tf/ ug'x{ f];\ M

-s_ hª\uaxfb'/n] af“ws
] f] lyltdf oxL sdhf]/L 5, zf;gdf /xg]n] cfkm\g} efO, elthf;“u
8/fpg'k5{ .
-v_ sn]h vf]n/] d}n] cfk\mgf v'66\ fdf cfk}mn“ ] aGr/f] xfg]“ .
-u_ zlSt, ;TTff / ;DklTt g} ;a} yf]s eGg] 7flgof] / dfGohg klg elgPg, cfkmGt
klg elgPg .
-3_ ;'v / ;Gt'li6 eGg] s'/f ;DklTt, kb / k|lti7faf6 x}g, c;n sfdaf6 k|fKt x'b“ f]
/x]5 .

66 g]kfnL M sIff (
$= kf7sf] ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ / sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
%= cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSo agfpg'xf];\ M
a]rg} L, lagfl;TtLdf, /f]nj|md, /fhLgfdf, kbRo't, cfslif{t, lje"if0f, k|folZrTt, if8\oGq,
pGd"ng, k|lti7f
^= lgDg lnlvt cg's/0ffTds zAbx¿sf] k|of]u u/L jgef]h hf“bfsf] cg'ej n]Vg'xf];\ M
h'?Ss, ;/f;/, 9sdSs, ykSs, v'?Ss, snsn, vnvnL, x'?Ss, vnan, lr/la/,
;/{;/{ cflb

G] b|
&= kf7af6 xnGt k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ vf]h/] n]Vg'xf];\ .

s
*= kf7sf zAbfy{ k9L pxL cy{ cfpg] zAb vf]h/] lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ .
(= kf7 k9\bf bf]xf]/f] pb\w/0f lrx\gsf] k|of]udf Wofg lbg'xf];\ / o:tf] lrx\g k|of]u u/L 5f]6f] ;+jfb
n]Vg'xf];\ .
Jofs/0f
f;
js
!= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf jt{dfg sfn hgfpg] lj|mofkbnfO{ /]vfª\sg ul/Psf] 5, ltgnfO{ e"tsfndf
¿kfGt/0f u/L sfkLdf ;fg'x{ f];\ M
dl

;'bz{g / :jl:tsf pl7;s]sf 5g\ . clxn] pgLx¿ vfhf vf“b} 5g\ . h]lg; / cfz'tf]if klg cf“vf
ldRb} p7\5g\ . ;'hg / o'hg sk8f nufp“b} 5g\ . s?0ff / gf/fo0f l7s kl/;s]sf 5g\ .
clgtf, k|lg;f, k|tLs / ;lrg klg hDdf x'G5g\ . ;a} ldn]/ Ps} l5gdf rflxg] ;fdfgsf] ef/L
o\ jm|

nufp“5g\ . k'hg Sofd]/f af]S5g\ . d'gfn lutf/ le5{g\ . cfh pgLx¿ jgef]h hf“b} 5g\ . ;a}sf]
r]x/fdf v';L b]lvG5 .
kf7

@= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9L jt{dfg sfnsf kIfx¿sf] klxrfg ug'x{ f];\ / x/]s kIfsf jfSonfO{ cnu
cnu tflnsfdf /fVg'xf];\ M
8f]Ndf, /]vf, xl;gf / zflGt d]/f ldNg] ;fyL x'g\ -;fdfGo jt{dfg_ . ;'lDgdf, lrqn]vf,
xfs'dfof;“u klg d ;f/} ldN5' -;fdfGo jt{dfg_ . pgLx¿ klg d;“u c;fWo} ldN5g\ -;fdfGo
jt{dfg_ . cd/]z, /fds[i0f, ;'jf;, ;lnd, ci6dfg, k|jL0f, kf;fª, of]uG] b|x¿;“u xfdL ;“u}
k9\b} 5f}“ -ck"0f{ jt{dfg_ . pgLx¿ klg d]/f /fd|f ;fyL aGb} 5g\ -ck"0f{ jt{dfg_ . xfdLx¿
d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd clg lxdfn, kxf8, dw];, t/fO{ ;a}lt/sf 5f}“ -;fdfGo jt{dfg_ . hft,
;+:sf/, dft[efiff, j]ife"iff cnu cnu eP klg xfdL ;a} g]kfnL xf}“ eGg] xfdLn] yfxf kfPsf
5f}“ -k"0f{ jt{dfg_ . o;}n] xfdL ;a} cfk;df ldn]/ a;]sf 5f}“ -k"0f{ jt{dfg_ . Ps csf{sf]
efjgfsf] sb/ u/]sf 5f}“ . -k"0f{ jt{dfg_
g]kfnL M sIff ( 67
#= kf7sf] klxnf] cg'R5]bnfO{ ;fdfGo jt{dfg sfndf abnL k'gn]v
{ g ug'x{ f];\ .
$= kf7sf] t]O;f}“ cg'R5]bnfO{ ck"0f{ jt{dfg sfndf abnL k'gn]v
{ g ug'x{ f];\ .
%= kf7sf] 5lAa;f}“ cg'R5]bnfO{ k"0f{ jt{dfg sfndf abnL k'gn]v
{ g ug'x{ f];\ .
^= sf]i7sdf lbPsf] ;ª\st] cg';f/ vfnL 7fp“ eg'x{ f];\ M
-s_ h;bLk k9fOsf ;fy;fy} 3/sf] sfddf klg ;xof]u ==== . -u/\ – ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
-v_ s[ltsf sIff ( df ===== . -k9\ – ck"0f{ jt{dfg_

G] b|
-u_ cfªsfhL cfh sf7df8f}“ ====== . -hf – k"0f{ jt{dfg_

s
-3_ n5'dlgof“ labfsf lbg n'lDagL === . -3'd\ – ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
-ª_ dx]z uLt ==== . -ufp – ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
f;
-r_ vflnbfn] lrq ==== . -ag\ – k"0f{ jt{dfg_
&= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 ljz]if0f / lj|mofkb 5fgL cnu cnu tflnsfdf n]Vg'xf];\ M
js
xfdL u'/f“;] kfvflt/ nfUof}“ . psfnf] af6f], df]6f] dfG5]nfO{ psfnf] af6f] r9\g w]/} uf/f]
x'b“ f]/x]5, s]xL lzIfsnfO{ ;f/} uf/f] eof] . af“sL xfdL b'Anf, kftnf eP klg km'lt{nf lyof},“ vf;}
dl

uf/f] ePg . kfv}el/ /ftf u'/f“; km'ns ] f clg ;fgf, 7'nf / /ª\uLlj/ª\uL r/f r'?ª\uLsf]
lr/la/fx6n] ubf{ dg} cfgGb eof] . 8f“8fsf] lzv/df k'Ubf r]K6f, y]Krf, nfDrf, uf]nf, sfnf,
/ftf ljleGg cfsf/ / /ªsf 9'ªu\ fx¿ y'kf/]/ agfPsf] b]p/fnLnfO{ km'nkftL / ;]tf sk8fsf]
Wjhf r9fof}“ . lzv/df k'Ubf xfdLnfO{ 7'nf] ljho xfl;n u/]sf] dx;'; eof] .
o\ jm|

*= ;d"x ;d"x agfO{ kf7af6 ljz]if0f zAbx¿ 5fGg'xf];\ / sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
kf7

(= kf7sf] clGtd cg'R5]bdf k|of]u ePsf lj|mofkbx¿ jfSodf k|of]u u/L sfkLdf ;fg'x{ f];\ .
l;h{gfTds n]vg
!= tnsf] n3'syfdf k|of]u ePsf d'Vo 36gf, kfq / kl/j]zsf af/]df 5f]6f] j0f{g u/L sIffdf
k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ M
b'O{ hgf a6'jf au/dfly lx“8b\ } lyP . 3fd rj{mb“ } lyof] . Ps hgfn] 5ftf cf]9o\ f] . csf{;u“ 5ftf
lyPg t/ p;n] h'Ttf nufPsf] lyof] . 5ftf x'g;] u“ h'Ttf lyPg . s]xL a]/kl5 3fdsf] /fkn]
afn'jf a]:;/L tfTof] . 5ftf x'gs] f] k}tfnf eTetL kf]Ng yfNof] . p;n] cfk\mgf] ;xofqLnfO{ eGof],
æafn'jfn] ;f/} kf]Ng yfNof] . dnfO{ Psl5g ltd|f] h'Ttf b]pm . d ltdLnfO{ d]/f] 5ftf
lbG5' .Æ
68 g]kfnL M sIff (
 h'Ttfjfnfn] cfk\mgf] h'Ttf km'sfn]/ ;fyLnfO{ lbof] / 5ftf cf]9/] vfnL v'66\ f afn'jfdfly lx“8g\
yfNof] . kf“r b; kfOnf lx“8b\ f glx“8b\ } pm cflTtof] / eGof], æef] ltd|f] 5ftf ltdL g} cf]9, d]/f]
h'Ttf b]pm . h'Ttf geO{ d Ps kfOnf klg lx“8g\ ;lSbg“ .Æ ljr/f 5ftfjfnf ;ª\s6df
k¥of] / p;n] eGof], æs:tf] crDd, 3fd a? ;xg ;lsG5 . t/ ToxL 3fdn] tft]sf] afn'jfnfO{
;xg ;lsGg .Æ
tL b'O{ a6'jfsf] s'/f ;'lg/x]sf] afn'jfn] 3dG8n] k'mNb} ;"on{ fO{ x]¥of] / lrRofof], æb]Vof}
d]/f] zlSt < ltdL hlt s8f eP klg dflg;nfO{ kf]Ng ;Sb}gf} . d}n] dfG5]sf] ;ftf] lng ;S5' .Æ
of] ;'g/] ;"o{ d';S' s xf“:of] / afbnleq k:of] . a6'jfx¿n] r}gsf] ;f; km]/] . s]xL a]/d} afn'jf

G] b|
;]nfof] . a6'jfx¿ cf/fd;fy cufl8 a9] .

s
-ljgos'df/ s;h", ‘;"o{ / afn'jf’ n3'syf_
@= cfk"mn] k9]sf] jf ;'gs
] f] P]ltxfl;s 36gfdf cfwfl/t eP/ 5f]6f] syf n]Vg'xf];\ .

f;
js
dl
o\ jm|
kf7

g]kfnL M sIff ( 69
 kf7 * j;Gt sf]lsn

– n]vgfy kf}8o\ fn
e/L ntf j[If ljif] 6gf6g
gjLg nfvf}“ km'n kfn'jfsg .
j;Gt cfof] sns07sf] ca

G] b|
;'lgG5 ;fx|} sns07 uf}/j ..!..

s
cufl8 hf] bLg agL n'sLsg
latfp“Yof] s]jn b'Mvdf lbg .
f;
cxf] ¤ pxL sf]lsn x]/ cfh of]
js
k|df]bn] k"0f{ dxf;'vL eof] ..@..
a;L au}r
“ f lar df]hdf k/L
dl

gof“ snLnf ;xsf/ d~h/L .

rkfp“b} d:t eP/ a];/L
s'x" s'x" ub{5 Tof] 3/L 3/L ..#..
o\ jm|
kf7

zAbfy{
ntf M nx/f sn M sf]dn
j[If M ?v s07 M :j/
ljif] M df, dfly sf]lsn M sf]OnL
6gf6g M el/e/fp k|df]b M cfgGb
kfn'jf M slnnf kft ;xsf/ M cf“ksf] ?v
j;Gt M r}t j}zfv dlxgfdf kg]{ Ct' d~h/L M d'h/' f, kfn'jf
sns07 M sf]OnL
70 g]kfnL M sIff (
 rnL/x]sf] 5 l;/Ll;/L xjf
em'nL/x]5g\ ;a d~h' kfn'jf .
htf lbof] b[li6 pt} ;'vL dg
k|df]bn] k"0f{ gxf]; Tof] lsg ..$..
;dL/n] k'ik–k/fusf] em/L
nufp“bf Tof] /; /ª\udf k/L .

G] b|
em'nL /x]sf] 5 z/L/ a];/L

s
d'5/] t]xL /hdf 3/L 3/L ..%..
lkP/ ;f
;f˜˜
˜˜ gGb /;fnsf] /;
˜˜gGb

f;
3'dfp“b} g]q b'j} dbf
dbf˜˜
˜˜ n; .
˜˜n;
;xif{ vf]nL ;'l/nf] unfsg
js
3gSs 3Gsfp“5 Tof] ;a} jg ..^..
3/L 3/L e'/{ p8L cnLslt
dl

3'd/] zfvfGt/df otfplt .

a8f] axf8L /l;s} agL txf“
o\ jm|

9nLdnL ub{5 kfn'jf dxf“ ..&..

kf7

zAbfy{
d~h' M dgf]x/ ;f˜˜gGb M cfgGb;“u
b[li6 M cf“vf /;fn M cf“k jf s6x/sf] /;, ld7f] /;
;dL/ M xfjf dbf˜˜n; M dbn] n6\7
k/fu M ;'uGw unf M efsf, no
/ª\u M gzf axf8L M km/fl;nf]
/h M k'ik k/fu /l;s M dg k|;Gg kfg]{
g]kfnL M sIff ( 71
 r'rf] 78\ofO{sg r6\6 d~h/L
7'ªu\ /] RofkLsg b]lvg] u/L .
km/Ss kms{G5 3/L kl5lNt/
k|;Ggtf ;fy ntfl/ k'R5/ ..*..
g zLt afwf g t 3fdsf] 8/
g afu gª\uf, g t j[li6sf] lk/ .

G] b|
j;Gtsf] uf}/jn] u/Lsg

s
v';L 5 ;fx|} sns07sf] dg ..(..
-nflnTo, efu !_

zAb / cy{
f;
js
zLt M lr;f]
afu M au}r “ f
gª\uf M gfª\uf]
dl

j[li6 M jiff{
cEof;
o\ jm|

;'gfO
!= ‘j;Gt sf]lsn’ sljtf ;'g/] To;}cg';f/ kfn}kfnf] jfrg ug'x{ f];\ .
kf7

@= sljtfsf] klxnf] / bf];f| ] Znf]s ;'Gg'xf];\ / To;sf cfwf/df lgDg k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ ?v tyf nx/fdf j;Gt Ct'df s:tf] kl/jt{g cfp“5 <
-v_ sf]OnLn] j;Gt Ct'sf] zf]ef s;/L a9fp“5 <
-u_ j;Gt Ct'eGbf klxn] sf]OnL cfk\mgf lbg s;/L latfp“Yof] <
-3_ sf]OnL j;Gt Ct'nfO{ s'g ¿kdf lnG5 <
#= sljtfsf] t];f| ] / rf}yf] Znf]s >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .

72 g]kfnL M sIff (
 af]nfO
!= tnsf zAb pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M
sns07, /;/ª\u, k|;Ggtf, j[li6, zfvfGt/
@= tnsf zAb k|of]u u/]/ ;fyL;“u sf]OnLsf af/]df s'/f ug'x{ f];\ M
;f/}, s]jn, df]h, z/L/, r'Rrf]
#= tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ eGg'xf];\ M

G] b|
-s_ ‘j;Gt sf]lsn’ sljtfsf slj sf] x'g\ <

s
-v_ sljtfdf s'g Znf]s a9L /fd|f] nfUof] / lsg <
-u_ sljtfsf] zLif{s ‘j;Gt sf]lsn’ slTtsf] pko'St 5 / lsg <
f;
-3_ sljn] sf]OnLnfO{ s] s] gfd lbPsf 5g\ <
js
$= kf7sf cfwf/df j;Gt Ct'df b]lvg] kl/jt{gsf af/]df ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
k9fO
dl

!= ‘6gf6g’, ‘kfn'jfsg’ h:tf cg'kf| ;o'St zAb kf7af6 vf]h/] lzIfsnfO{ eGg'xf];\ .
@= sljtfsf] rf}yf] Znf]ssf kª\lSt k9]/ pbfx/0fcg';f/ n]Vg'xf];\ / sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
o\ jm|

pbfx/0f M xfjf l;l/l;/L rln/x]sf] 5 .

#= kf7sf ;ftf}“ / cf7f}“ Znf]s k9L tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
kf7

-s_ sf]OnLn] cfkm\gf] k|;GgtfnfO{ s;/L JoSt u/]sf] 5 <

-v_ ‘zfvfGt/’ ‘axf8L’, ‘/l;s’, ‘kfn'jf’ / ‘d~h/L’ zAbsf] cy{ s] xf] <
-u_ ‘e'/’{ , ‘r6\6’, ‘km/Ss’ oL cg's/0ffTds zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ .
-3_ ‘3l/3l/’, 9lndnL h:t} cGo kf“r cf]6f låTj zAb lzIfs;“u ;f]w/] n]Vg'xf];\ .
$= kf7sf] kf“rf}“ / 5}6f}“ Znf]s k9L 5f]6f] pTt/ cfpg] ltg cf]6f k|Zg lgdf{0f u/L sIffdf k|:t't
ug'x{ f];\ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 73
 n]vfO
!= kf7sf cfwf/df pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ j;Gt Ct'sf ljz]iftfx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-v_ j;Gt Ct'df sf]OnLsf lbg s;/L laT5g\ <
-u_ j;Gt Ct' sf]OnLsf nflu lsg /dfOnf] x'G5 <
-3_ sf]OnLn] jgsf] zf]ef s;/L a9fp“5 <
-ª_ sljn] j;Gtsf] uf}/jsf ¿kdf s] s] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf 5g\\ <

G] b|
@= ;k|;ª\u JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M

s
-s_ rkfp“b} d:t eP/ a];/L
s'x" s'x" ub{5 Tof] 3/L 3/L .
f;
-v_ j;Gtsf] uf}/jn] u/Lsg
js
v';L 5 ;f/} sns07sf] dg .
#= sljn] ‘j;Gt sf]lsn’ sljtfdf k|s[ltsf] aofg s'g ¿kdf u/]sf 5g\,lj:tf/k"j{s
n]Vg'xf];\ .
dl

$= ‘j;Gt sf]lsn’ sljtfsf] ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ .

%= tnsf ljljw lsl;dsf zAbx¿nfO{ ;d"x ;d"xdf ldnL cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\
/ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ M
o\ jm|

-c_ cg]sfy{s zAb

-s_ sn — d]l;g, snx, sf]dn
kf7

-v_ lk/ — lrGtf, snx, lkg]{ sfd u/, ;Nnfsf] kft

-u_ k'/f — klxn], ;DkGg, h'7f]
-3_ /h — w'nf], k'ik/fu, :qL/h
-cf_ >'lt;d leGgfy{s zAb
lbg — lbp“;f] 3/L — 8f“7;lxtsf s]/fsf] sfO“ofx¿sf] ;d"x
bLg — b'vL l;t — ;“u
3l/ — k6s zLt — lr;f]
74 g]kfnL M sIff (
 -O_ ljk/Ltfy{s zAb
el/ — cfwf gjLg — k|frLg

cufl8 — k5fl8 bLg — ;'vL

b'Mv — ;'v k"0f{ — ck"0f{

a:g' — p7\g' slnnf] — l5lKkPsf]

lbg' — lng' kl5 — cl3

G] b|
-O{_ cg's/0ffTds zAb

s
3gSs, km/Ss, l;l/l;/L, e'/,{ r6\6
^= kf7df ePsf tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ k|rlnt j0f{ ljGof;cg';f/ ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;fg'x{ f];\ M
f;
e/L, rnL/x]sf], clnslt, e'mnL/x]5g\, ntfl/
js
Jofs/0f
!= ljleGg ;d"x agfO{ pbfx/0fsf tn lbOPsf jfSo kl/jt{gsf] cEof; ug'x{ f];\ M
dl

-s_ lnª\u

;fgf] efO cfof] . ;fgL alxgL cfO{

o\ jm|

sfnf] s]6f] bf}l8of] . sfnL s]6L bf}l8O{ .

-v_ jrg
kf7

efO kf7 k9\5 . efOx¿ kf7 k9\5g\ .

?v cUnf] 5 . ?v cUnf 5g\ .

-u_ k'?if

d dfjn hfG5' . t“ dfjn hfG5;\ . pm dfjn hfG5 .

xfdL dfjn hfG5f}“ . ltdL÷x¿ dfjn hfG5f} . pgL÷x¿ dfjn hfG5g\ .

tkfO{÷
+“ x¿ dfjn hfg'xG' 5 . pxf“÷x¿ dfjn hfg'xG' 5 .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 75
 -3_ cfb/
t“ km'n l6K5;\ . ltdL k'mn l6K5f}÷l6K5\of} . tkfO{+ km'n l6Kg'xG' 5 .
pm km'n l6K5 . pgL km'n l6K5g\÷l6lK5g\ . pxf“ km'n l6Kg'xG' 5 .
d]/f] ;fyL cfof] . d]/f ;fyL÷x¿ cfP . d]/f ;fyL÷x¿ cfpg'eof] .
d]/L ;fyL cfO{ . d]/L ;fyL cfOg\ . d]/L ;fyL cfpg'eof] .
-ª_ s/0f / cs/0f
;'of]u uLt ufp“5 . ;'of]u uLt ufp“bg} .

G] b|
;l/kmfn] lstfa NofO5 . ;l/kmfn] lstfa NofOg5 .

s
cfh l;b\wfy{ dfjn hfnf . cfh l;b\wfy{ dfjn ghfnf .
-r_ sfn / kIf f;
sfn e"t jt{dfg eljiot\
kIf
js
;fdfGo s]6fs]6L /f]P . s]6fs]6L ?G5g\ . s]6fs]6L ?g] 5g\ .
ck"0f{ s]6fs]6L ?“b} lyP . s]6fs]6L ?“b} 5g\ . s]6fs]6L ?“b} x'g] 5g\ .
dl

k"0f{ s]6fs]6L /f]Psf lyP . s]6fs]6L /f]Psf 5g\ . s]6fs]6L /f]Psf x'g] 5g\ .
cEo:t s]6fs]6L ?Gy] .
c1ft s]6fs]6L /f]P5g\ .
o\ jm|

@= sf]i7sdf lbPsf ;ª\st] sf cfwf/df tnsf jfSo kl/jt{g ug'x{ f];\ M

kf7

-s_ k"0f{dfg sljtf n]V5 . -:qLlnª\u_

-v_ dfw'/L uLt ufp“5] . -k'lnª\u_
-u_ ltdL sxf“ uPsf lyof} < -:qLlnª\u_
-3_ p;n] df5f df¥of] . -ax' jrg_
-ª_ xfdL l;g]df x]g{ uPsf lyof}“ . -Ps jrg_
-r_ d}n] 3f“; sf6]“ . -t[tLo k'?if_
-5_ pm dfOt uO{ . -cs/0f_
-h_ ;fyL 3/ uof] . -pRr cfb/_
76 g]kfnL M sIff (
#= tnsf jfSonfO{ kIfsf cfwf/df hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
-s_ h'gn] Ln] v;L kfn]sL 5 . cEo:t e"t
-v_ d~rnf lrq sf]b{} l5g\ . c1ft e"t
-u_ ci6dfg 3/ uof] . k"0f{ jt{dfg
-3_ cfh /ftL kfgL k/]5 . ck"0f{ jt{dfg
-ª_ dL/f ;fgfdf lgs} k9\yL . ;fdfGo eljiot\

G] b|
-r_ xfdL ef]ln dfdf3/ hfg] 5f}“ . ;fdfGo e"t

s
$= ;fdfGo jt{dfgsf lj|mofkbx¿ k|of]u u/L cfÇÇgf] ljb\ofnosf af/]df Ps cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .

f;
%= eljiot\ sfnsf ltg cf]6} kIfdf b'O{ b'O{ cf]6f jfSo n]Vg'xf];\ .
^= tnsf kb ;ª\ult ldn]sf jfSodf l7s -˜_ / kb ;ª\ult gldn]sf jfSodf a]l7s -X_ lrx\g
js
nufpg'xf];\ M
-s_ ;fyLsf] cfdf cfof] .
dl

-v_ cfh ljb\ofnodf ljb\ofyL{ 5}gg\ .

-u_ r/f] cfsf;df p8\5g\ .
o\ jm|

-3_ ltgLx¿ laxfg} ahf/ uof] .

kf7

-ª_ ltdL g]kfnL /fd|/L af]N5f} .

&= wft' / ;ª\st] sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fp“ eg'x{ f];\ M
-s_ sljn] sljtf ========= . -n]v\ M k"0f{ e"t_
-v_ u'?n] kf7 ========= . -k9fp M ;fdfGo e"t_
-u_ p;n] v]n ========= . -v]n\ M c1ft e"t_
-3_ el/ofx¿ eft ===================== . -vf M ck"0f{ e"t_
-ª_ xfdL dª\unaf/ j|t =================== . -ln M cEo:t e"t_
g]kfnL M sIff ( 77
*= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 ‘;d\’ pk;u{ nfu]sf zAb 5fg]/ lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ M
n]vgfy kf}8o\ fn -lj= ;+= !($!–@)@@_ s'zn slj x'g\ . pgsf] hGd sf:sLsf] c3f}c{ r{nd] f
ePsf] lyof] . pgn] ;+:s[t lzIffdf dWodf;Ddsf] cWoog u/]sf lyP . pgsf] pbon] g]kfnL
;flxTosf] sfJo ljwf lgs} ;d[bw\ eof] . k"jL{o ;flxTo l;b\wfGtcg';f/ g]kfnL efiffdf sfJo
l;h{gf ug]{ sljx¿df slj lz/f]dl0f n]vgfy kf}8o\ fn cu| kª\lStdf 5g\ . pgsf sljtfdf
ljz]if u/]/ g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs cj:yf, ;f+:s[lts kl/j]z tyf k|fs[lts b[Zosf] lrq0f kfOG5 .
Ct' ljrf/, a'bl\ w ljgf]b, ;Tosln ;+jfb, et[x{ l/ lgj]b{ , uLtf~hnL, nIdLk"hf, Tofu / pbosf]
o'un k|sfz, ;To:d[lt, d]/f] /fd, t?0f tk;L, nflnTo efu ! / @ pgsf pTs[i6 s[ltx¿ x'g\ .

G] b|
(= pbfx/0fcg';f/ tnsf pk;u{ nufP/ ltg ltg cf]6f zAb lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ M

s
pbfx/0f M
pk;u{ cfwf/ zAb
f; Jo'TkGg zAb
js
pk jg pkjg

k| an k|an
dl

;d\ jfb ;+jfb

o\ jm|

;' dfu{ ;'dfu{

kf7

cg' jfb cg'jfb

k|, lj, cg', ;', c, ab, clw, cle, pk

!)= tnsf zAbaf6 pk;u{ / cfwf/ kbnfO{ 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M
cleefjs, cg'zf;g, gftfut, a]dtna, lg/fxf/, ;+xf/, ;ª\si6
!!= tnsf cfwf/ kbdf pk;u{ nufO{ ltg ltg cf]6f zAb lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ M
xf/, sf/, rf/, b]z, ;f/, efj

78 g]kfnL M sIff (
 l;h{gfTds cEof;
!= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ ;Gbe{cg';f/ ;dfj]z u/L k|sl[ tsf af/]df cg'R5]b /rgf ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ x|:j ‘O’ sf/ nfu]sf zAb M
el/, ljif], ;'lgG5, cufl8, latfp“Yof], lbg, lar, slnnf, 3l/, rln /x]sf] 5, em'ln/x]5g\, lbof],
b[li6, lsg, ;'l/nf], clnslt, otfplt, b]lvg], kl5lNt/, j[li6, lk/, lkP/, /l;s
-v_ bL3{ ‘O{’ sf/ nfu]sf zAb M

G] b|
gjLg, bLg, agL, n'sLsg, pxL, dxf;'vL, a;L, k/L, d~h/L, a];/L, l;/Ll;/L, ;'vL, ;dL/,
em/L, z/L/, ntf/L, zLt, u/Lsg, v';L

s
@= ‘j;Gt sf]lsn’ sljtfsf] 9f“rfdf jiff{ Ct' zLif{sdf sljtf /r]/ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

f;
js
dl
o\ jm|
kf7

g]kfnL M sIff ( 79
 kf7 !) dª\unfsf ltg lbg

!= dª\unf tfdfª vf]6fª lhNnfsf] g]kf{ ufp“df al:5g\ . pgL >L sflnsf dfWolds ljb\ofnodf
sIff ( df k9\l5g\ . pgL x/]s lbg a]ns' f ;'Tg' cufl8 b}lgsL n]lV5g\ . pgn] n]vs
] f] @)&!
dª\l;/ !@, !# / !$ ut]sf] b}lgsL oxf“ lbOPsf] 5 M
@)&! dª\l;/ !@ ut] z'jm| af/
@= ;bf e}m“ cfh klg d laxfg} % ah] p7],“ xft d'v

G] b|
wf]P“ / s;/t u/]“ . efO / d k|foM laxfg Ps
Ps ef/L 3f“; sf6\Yof}“ . cfh cltl/St

s
lj|mofsnfksf] tof/L ug'k{ g]{ x'b“ f d}n] 3f“;
sf6\g EofOg“ . To;}n] laxfgsf] lrofvfhfkl5
f;
d}n] Ps 306f g[Tosf] cEof; u/]“ . laxfg
( ah] vfgf vfP/ d :s'nlt/ nfu]“ .
js
#= x/]s z'jm| af/ xfd|f] :s'ndf cltl/St lj|mofsnfk ;~rfng x'G5 . To;df v]ns'b, ufog, g[To,
sljtf, lgaGw, xflh/L hjfkm, jSt[Tj snf, jfb ljjfb, lrqsnf cflb k|ltof]lutfx¿ x'g] u5{g\ .
dnfO{ uLt / g[To v'a dg k5{ . To;}n] cfh uLt tyf g[To k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng kfPsfn]
dl

d Hofb} v';L / pT;flxt lyP“ . ;'?df t dnfO{ k|ltof]lutfx¿df efu lng klg ;ª\sf]r nfUYof] .
dflg;x¿sf cufl8 dfOs ;dfP/ af]Ng'kbf{ uf]8f sfDy] . k6s k6s efu lngfn] clxn] To;
lsl;dsf] ;ª\sf]r / 8/ w]/} x6]sf] 5 . cEof; / lzIff k|fKt ug{ kfP ;a} lsl;dsf g[To ug{
;S5' eGg] ljZjf; ddf 5 . t}klg k|lt:kwf{ eg]kl5 Ps k|sf/sf] 56k6fx6 eg] x'b“ f] /x]5 .
o\ jm|

s] x'g] xf] eGg] cfzª\sf klg hlGd“bf] /x]5 .

$= s[i0f ;/sf] ld7f] pb\3f]if0f;“u} sfo{jm| d cufl8 a9\of] . klxn] uLt / To;kl5 g[To k|ltof]lutfx¿
kf7

eP . Psn g[Todf d k|yd eP“ . ;d"x g[Todf /Ltf, kf;fª / ;"of{sf] ;d"x k|yd eof] . Psn
ufogdf xfs'dfofn] ;a}nfO{ pl5lgg\ . uª\uf / xs{axfb'/ o'un ufogdf k|yd eP . lar
lardf ck|ltof]uL sfo{jm| d klg eP . ul0ft lzIfs lrq ;'jb] Ln] ld7f] sljtf ;'gfpg'eof] .
lj1fg lzIfs ldlyn]z ofbjn] d}lynL uLt ufP/ dGqd'Uw agfpg'eof] . lzIfsx¿ lzj/fh

zAbfy{
o'un M hf]8L, b'O{ hgfsf] ;d"x
dGqd'Uw M df]lxt, dSv

88 g]kfnL M sIff (
 /fO{ / k/z'/fd ;'Aafn] xfskf/] ufP/ /dfOnf] ug'e{ of] . cfªbfjf ;/ / 8f]Ndf ld;sf] ;]nf]n]
;a}nfO{ grfof] . h;bLk / xs{dfofsf] k|x;gn] xfdL ;a}nfO{ k]6 ldrL ldrL x“;fof] .
%= k|wfgfWofks -k|c_ /lj /fO{n] ;flxTo, ;ª\uLt, snf tyf v]ns'bsf] dxTTjsf af/] k|sfz
kfg'e{ of] . x/]s dflg;df s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] k|ltef x'G5, ;a}sf] k|ltefn] k|:km'6g x'g] cj;/
kfpg'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf pxf“n] hf]8 lbg'eof] . k|d'v cltly ljb\ofno lg/LIfs -ljlg_
/]0f'sf adn] k'/:sf/ tyf k|df0f kq ljt/0f ug'e{ of] . pxf“n] cfhsf] sfo{jm| dnfO{ /fli6«o
;f+:s[lts sfo{jm| d eGb} ;'b/" klZrd If]qdf k|rlnt b]p8f uLt klg ;'gfpg'eof] . ljb\ofno
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf dLgf u'?ªn] ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lb“b} sfo{jm| dsf] ;dfkg ug'e{ of] .

G] b|
cGTodf kmf]6f] lvRg] sfd eof] . sfo{jm| dsf cltlyx¿, u'?x¿ / ;fyLx¿n] d]/f] g[Tosf]
;/fxgf ug'e{ of] . d bª\u k/]“ .

s
^= 3/ k'Ubf ;a}n] dnfO{ awfO{ lbg'eof] . a]ns
' f
bfOn] ;fpbL c/aaf6 kmf]g ug'e{ of] / awfO{
f;
lbg'eof] . cfhsf] sfo{j|mdsf kmf]6fx¿
km];a'sdf /flv;lsPsf] /x]5 . g[Todf d
js
k|yd ePsf] va/ klg bfOn] km];a'saf6} yfxf
kfpg'eP5 .
dl

&= v';Ln] ubf{ cfh olt a]nf;Dd klg lgb|f nfu]g .

cfh lsg o:tf] v';L nfu]sf] xf]nf ¤ lsg dg
t'na'n t'na'n ePsf] xf]nf ¤ cf]xf] ¤ /ftLsf]
!! alh;s]5 . ef]ln t laxfg} p7\g' 5 . lgb|f
o\ jm|

gnfu] klg ca t ;'Tg'k5{ .

@)&! dª\l;/ !# ut] zlgaf/
kf7

*= cfh laxfg d % ah] p7]“ / efOnfO{ p7fP“ . lbbLefO ldn]/ xtf/ xtf/ vfgf agfof}“ . ds}
e6df; e'6/] lbp“;f]nfO{ vfhf klg l7s kf¥of}“ . efO klg cfh d;“u jg hfg] eP . kNnf3/
;fgL / ;'bz] x¿ klg cfOk'u] . ;Nnfxcg';f/ g} au/] eGHofªdf dlGb/f, 8f]Ndf, /fhg,
lzj/fhx¿;“u e]6 eof] . xfdL uLt ufp“b} l9s'/] jglt/ nfUof}“ .
zAbfy{
xfskf/] M g]kfnsf] k"jL{ kxf8L e]udf ufOg] nf]sefsf
k|x;g M x“:of}nL, x“;fpg] sfd
k|:k'm6g M k|s6 x'g] sfd, JoSt x'g] lj|mof
g]kfnL M sIff ( 89
(= cfh labfsf] lbg eP/ xf]nf jgdf lgs}
dfG5] lyP . dfG5]x¿nfO{ b]v/] af“b/x¿
?v?v} lkª v]Nb} /ldt] le/lt/ nfu] .
xfdLx¿ klg ;d"x ;d"xdf af“l8of}“ .
cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf ;fyL ;fyLlar s'/f ub},{
uLt ufp“b} xfdL s6'; l6Kg yfNof}“ . o'jf
o'jtLn] ufPsf bf]xf]/L uLtn] jg} yls{of] .
s]xL dflg;x¿ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf
;ldlt / lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] cg'dltdf

G] b|
uf]7sf nflu 3f]rf, xnf] / sf]bfnfsf
la“8x¿ agfO/x]sf lyP . xfdLx¿ eg]

s
s6'; l6Kgd} Jo:t eof}“ .
!)= s6'; dnfO{ dg kg]{ kmn xf] . 3f]Rg] sf“8fsf] kjf{x gu/L d ;fg}bl] v s6'; l6Kg /dfpy]“ . cl;gf
f;
klg gk/]sf] / s6'; kmNg] jif{ klg k/]sf] x'b“ f o;kflnsf] s6'; l6kfO{ d]/f nflu ;'vb
aGof] . dWofx\gkl5 xfdL vfhf vfgsf nflu la;fpgL 9'ªu\ fdf hDdf eof}“ . la;fpgL
9'ªu\ faf6 ;+;f/sf] ;jf]R{ r lzv/ ;u/dfyf / cf;kf;sf c¿ lxdfnx¿ x]¥of}“ . ;fyLx¿n]
js
Sofd]/f NofPsf /x]5g\ . xfdLn] lxdfn / hª\unsf b[Zodf y'k}| kmf]6fx¿ lvRof}“ . To;kl5
cfcfkm\gf vfhfsf kf]sf km'sfof}“ . s;}n] ;]n, s;}n] rfd|,] s;}n] e'6s ] f ds} e6df;, s;}n]
pl;g]sf :s'; / cfn' NofPsf /x]5g\ . ;fd"lxs ofqf / v'jfOsf] dhf g} cs}{ x'G5 . o;kfln
dl

xfdLn] To:t} ;'Gb/ cg'el" tnfO{ ;f6\g] cj;/ kfof}“ .

!!= lbg 9lNs“b} uof], cfsfz klg clns w'lDdPsf] lyof], hf8f] klg x'g yfNof] / kfgL knf{ knf{
h:tf] eof] . ca xfdL 3/ lkmg]{ tv{/df nfUof}“ . d}n] jgdfnfsf s]xL nx/f / lr/fOtf]sf s]xL
o\ jm|

af]6x¿ klg af]s“] . efOn] 3“u?sf] Pp6f n6\7L agfP/ 6]s] . olTts}df kfgL bs{g yfNof] .
xfdLdWo] s;};u“ klg cf]9f lyPg . st} cf]t nfUg] 7fp“ klg lyPg . leHb} psfnf] r9\gs
' f] xfd|f]
kf7

zAbfy{
s6'; M sf“8b] f/ af]jm| fleq u]8f x'g] Ps k|sf/sf] ?v jf kmn
la“8 M s'g} cf}hf/sf] xftn] ;dfpg] efu
jgdfnf M jgdf kfOg] dfnf h:tf] nx/f]
lr/fOtf] M Ps k|sf/sf] lttf] h8La'6L / n]sfnL jg:klt
3“u? M Ps k|sf/sf] sf“8b] f/ jg:klt
cf]9f M kfgL kbf{ cf]9g\ ] ;fwg
cf]t M kfgLaf6 hf]lug] 7fp“
90 g]kfnL M sIff (
 s'g} ljsNk ePg . eGHofªdf
cfOk'Ubf rf/}lt/ c“Wof/f] eof] .
lxdfnlt/af6 cfPsf] d'6' 5]8g\ ]
xfjf x'/Ln] xfdLnfO{ p8fpnf
h:tf] eof] . l7s ToxL a]nf
cl;gf al;{g yfNof] . xfdLnfO{
;f; km]g{ uf/f] eof] . wGg glhs}
av]{ uf]7 /x]5 . xfdL bu'b}{
uf]7leq k:of}“} .

G] b|
!@= emG8} @)–@% ldg]6 nuftf/

s
k/]kl5 cl;gf / kfgL s]xL
/f]lsof] . xfdL af6f] nfUof}“ .
af6fel/ cl;gfsf y'kf| /x]5g\ .

f;
xfdL cfcfkm\gf ef/L af]s/] sfDb} / cl;gfdf lrlKn“b} t];{} t];f]{ bf}l8of}“ . g]kf{ yfKnf]sf] rf}tf/fdf
cfOk'Ubf cfsfz k'/} pl3|of], kfgL kg{ k'/} /f]lsof] . Totflt/ t cl;gf k/]sf] /x]g5 . kfgL klg
js
kmf6\6km'66\ dfq k/]sf] /x]5 . xfdL s]xL a]/ rf}tf/fdf ef/L la;fP/ ;':tfof}“ / km]l/ uLt ufp“b}
cf]/fnf] emg{ yfNof}“ .
!#= a]ns' f ;f9] ^ ah] xfdL 3/ cfOk'Uof}“ . 3/df vfgf kfls;s]sf] /x]5 . xfdLn] xtf/ xtf/ n'uf
dl

km]¥of}“ / vfgf vfof}“ . vfgf vfPkl5 xfdL ;a} hgf cu]gfsf 5]pdf a:of}“ . xfdL lbbLefOn]
cfhsf] ofqfsf d'Vo d'Vo 36gf / cg'ejx¿ ;'gfof}“ . cfdf, a'af / efph"n] klg s6';
l6Kbfsf ljutsf cg'ejx¿ ;'gfpg'eof] .
o\ jm|

!$= a]ns
' f ( ah] b}lgsL n]Vg ;'? u/]sf] clxn] a]ns
' fsf] !) alh;Sof] . cfh lgs} yflsPsfn]
lgb|f klg nfUof] . ca ;'T5' .
kf7

@)&! dª\l;/ !$ ut] cfOtaf/

!%= xfd|f] ljb\ofnodf cfh :yfgLo labf lyof] . oxL labfsf] df}sf kf/]/ a}ªs
\ vftf vf]Ng / s]xL
;fdfg lsga]r ug{sf nflu efph" / d lbSt]n hfg] lgwf] eof] . æw'DdwfDd eO/x]5, a]ns ' Lkv
kfgL kg{ ;S5, To;}n] laxfg rf“8} uP/ a]ns ' f l56} kmls{gÆ" cfdfn] eGg'eof] . To;}cg';f/
laxfg ;ft} ah] vfgf vfP/ xfdL lbSt]nlt/ nfUof}“ . lbSt]n k'Ubf ;f9] cf7 ah]sf] lyof] .

zAbfy{
eGHofª M b'O6{ f r'nLsf] larsf] ulx/f] efu, 8f“8f kf/ ug]{ 7fp“, g]6f]
av]{ M jiff{ ;DaGwL
g]kfnL M sIff ( 91
!^= bfO c/adf /x] klg d]/L efph" cg'ejL / hLjg a'em] sL x'gx' G' 5 . dlxnfn] s]xL ug{ ;s] ;dfh
k]ml/G5 eGg] alnof] r]tgf pxf“df 5 . To;}n] lbSt]n SofDk;df :gfts txdf cWoog/t efph"
k9fOsf ;fy;fy} 3/sf] sfd klg ug'x{ G' 5 . d / efO klg km';b{ df 3/sf] sfd u5f}“{ . a'af
/ cfdfsf] d'Vo sfd g} v]tLkftL xf] . vfg] cGg xfdL cfk}m“ pAhfp“5f}“ . xfdLn] s'v/' f, afv|f
/ e};“ L kfn]sf 5f}“ . cG8f, s'v/' f, l3p cflb a]r/] ;fgf]ltgf] vr{ xfdL cfkm}“ h'6fp“5f}“ . cfh
xfdLn] Ps bh{g cG8f, Pp6f s'v/' fsf] efn], b'O{ s'?jf l3p / b'O{ kfyL s6'; a]Rg nu]sf
lyof}“ . oL ;a} ;fdfg a]r/] xfdLn] sfkL, snd, lrgL, d;nf / l/rfh{ sf8{x¿ lsGof}“ .
!&= laxfgsf] b; aHg' cufl8 g} xfdL lbSt]ndf /x]sf] /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}ªs \ -/fjfa}_ sf] zfvfdf
k'us
] f lyof}“ . sfof{no v'Ngf;fy efph"n] a}ªs \ df vftf vf]Ngsf nflu lgj]bg lbg'eof] . vftf

G] b|
vf]Ng] ;a} k|lj|mof k'/f x'g @ 3G6f hlt nfUg] /x]5 . To; lardf xfdL sfG5f dfdfnfO{ e]6g\

s
pxf“ sfd ug]{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no -lhk|sf_ lt/ nfUof}“ . dfdf pxf“s} sfo{sIfdf e]l6g'eof] .
xfdLnfO{ b]v/] pxf“ ;f/} v';L x'ge' of], xfdL klg p:t} v';L eof}“ .
!*= dfdfn] xfdLnfO{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
f;
-k|lhc_ sf] sfo{sIfdf n}hfg'eof] . pxf“n]
efph" / dnfO{ k|lhc;“u kl/ro u/fpg'
js
eof] . ælogLx¿ k9fOdf klg cAan 5g\,
3/sf] sfd klg u5{ g \ , l;h{ g fTds
lj|mofsnfkdf klg Tolt g} ?lr /fV5g\Æ
dl

dfdfn] eGg'eof] .
!(= dfdfsf] s'/f ;'g]/ k|lhcn] xfd|f] k|z+;f
ug'e{ of] . pxf“n] eGg'eof], æ;f/} /fd|f] s'/f,
o\ jm|

k9fO;“u;“u} >d ug]{ s'/f dnfO{ cf}wL dg k5{ . dflg;n] ug]{ sfd / l;k 7'nf / ;fgf eGg]
x'b“ g} g\, cfcfkm\gf 7fp“df x/]ssf] dxTTj x'G5 . zf/Ll/s >d kg]{ / an nufpg'kg]{ sfdnfO{
kf7

x]nf xf]Og, c¿nfO{ hlTts} ;Ddfg ug'k{ 5{ .Æ

@)= k|lhcn] efph" / d]/f] k9fO / ?lrsf af/]df ;f]Wg'eof] . efph"n] eljiodf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L aGg]
nIo ;'gfpg'eof] . d}n] snfsf/ aGg] nIo ;'gfP“ . pxf“n] efph"nfO{ :gftskl5 lghfdtL
;]jfsf] tof/L ug{ / dnfO{ snfsfl/tfdf rf;f] /fVb} k9fOdf hf]8 lbg ;'emfj lbg'eof] . pxf“n]
eGg'eof], æsnfsf/, /fhgLlt1, 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, k|fWofks, Jofkf/L cflb h];s ' } aGg'xf];,\

zAbfy{
sfo{sIf M sfd ug]{ sf]7f
cAan M pTs[i6, bIf

92 g]kfnL M sIff (
 cfk\mgf] /f]hfO xf] . x/]ssf] cfcfk\mgf If]qdf dxTTj x'G5 . t/ cfk"m h] aGg] xf], To;df
ulx/f] cle?lr / uxg cWoog eg] ug'k{ 5{ .Æ
@!= lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 lg:s]/ xfdL x'nfs 5]psf] ;fOa/df k:of}“ . ufp“df df]afOnaf6
OG6/g]6 rnfpg t ;lsG5 t/ ;fOa/df h:tf] ;'ljwf x“b' g} . To;}n] ;b/d'sfd cfPsf a]nf
;fOa/ gl5g]{ s'/} ePg . ;fOa/df a:gnfO{ xfdL;“u w]/} ;do lyPg . efph" / d}n] kfn}kfnf]
:sfOkaf6 bfO;“u s'/f u¥of}“ . cg'xf/ x]/fx]/ u/]/ pxf“;u“ s'/f gu/]sf] lgs} eO;s]sf]
lyof] . cfh ws km'sfP/ s'/f ul/of] . bfOn] cfdfa'afsf] :jf:Yo, pxf“sf ;fyLx¿sf] xfn
va/ / xfd|f] k9fOsf af/]df ;f]wvf]h ug'e{ of] . pxf“n] xfdLnfO{ OG6/g]6nfO{ k9fO;“u
hf]8g\ k' g]{ / ;fOa/ ck/fwb]lv ;r]t x'gk' g]{ ;'emfj klg lbg'eof] .

G] b|
@@= bfOn] xfdL;“u rf“8} 3/ kms{g] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof], æxfdL w]/} vf]Hg] eP/ lau|s ] f

s
/x]5f}“ . xfd|} b]zdf w]/} sfd ug{ ;lsg] /x]5 . oxf“ xfdL d?e"lddf k'mn pdfl//x]sf 5f}“ . Toxf“
Toqf] pAhfp hldg af“em} 5 . ca :jb]zd} sfd ul/G5 . d}n] g]kfnd} cfP/ s'g} Pp6f Joj;fo
ug]{ of]hgf agfO;s]sf] 5' . ltdLx¿n] ;xof]u ug'k{ 5{ .Æ bfOsf] ljrf/ /fd|f] nfUof] . efph"
f;
/ d}n] ;dy{g u¥of}“ . xfd|f] ;dy{g kfP/ pxf“ v';L x'ge' of] .
js
@#= a}ªs
\ sf] sfd ;s]kl5 xfdLn] Ps k6s lbSt]n ahf/ kl/j|mdf u¥of}“ . lrg]hfg]sf dflg;x¿;“u
;Grf] la;Grf] ;f]Wb} xfdL cufl8 a9\of}“ . ;a} sfd l;WofP/ lbp“;f] # ah] xfdL 3/lt/
nfUof}“ .
dl

@$= cfh cln rf“8} vfgf vfof}“ . vfgfkl5 efph" / d}n] lbgel/ ePsf s'/fx¿ a'afcfdfnfO{
a]lnla:tf/ nufof}“ . lhNnfdf dlxnf k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L cfPsf] s'/f ;'g/] cfdf lgs} v';L
x'ge' of] . pxf“n] eGg'eof], æltdLx¿ klg k9]/ tL k|lhc gfgL h:t} 7'nf] dfG5] x'gk' 5{ .Æ
o\ jm|

@%= cfhsf] b}lgsL lgs} nfdf] eP h:t} 5 . cf]xf] ¤ !! kf] aHg nfu]5 . ca cf/fd ug'k{ 5{ .
kf7

zAbfy{
:sfOk M k|ToIf x]/fx]/ u/]/ s'/fsfgL ug{ ldNg] sDo'6/ k|ljlw

g]kfnL M sIff ( 93
 cEof;
;'gfO
!= kf7sf] la;f}“} / PSsfO;f}“ cg'R5]b ;'gL l7s a]l7s 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M
-s_ dª\unf eljiodf snfsf/ aGg rfxlG5g\ .
-v_ dª\unfsL efph" eljiodf lzIfs aGg rfxlG5g\ .
-u_ dª\unfsf bfh'nfO{ ;fOa/ ck/fwaf/] s]xL yfxf 5}g .

G] b|
-3_ cfkm\gf] ?lrcg'';f/ k];f ug'{k5{ t/ cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] If]qdf uxg cWoog eg] ug{
cfjZos x'G5 .

s
@= kf7sf] bf];f| ] / t];f| ] cg'R5]b ;'g/] tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ dª\unf slt ah] pl7g\ / s] ul/g\ <
f;
-v_ dª\unf !@ ut] laxfg lsg 3f“; sf6\g uOgg\ <
js
-u_ dª\unfsf ljb\ofnodf x'g] cltl/St lj|mofsnfkx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-3_ dª\unfnfO{ dg kg]{ cltl/St lj|mofsnfk s'g s'g x'g\ <
dl

-ª_ dª\unfsf ;ª\sf]r / 8/x¿ s;/L x6] <

#= kf7sf] kGw|f“} cg'R5]b >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .
o\ jm|

af]nfO
!= tnsf zAbsf] z'bw\ pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M
kf7

k|x;g, k'/:s[t, k|:km'6g, la“8, u'hN' 6f]

@= tnsf zAbnfO{ cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ M
k|ltef, k|:km'6g, cu]gf], dGqd'Uw, kl/j|mdf
#= tnsf k|Zgsf] df}lvs pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ dª\unfnfO{ s] dg k5{ <
-v_ dª\unf / pgsf] efOn] hª\undf hf“bf s] vfhf nu]sf lyP <
-u_ dª\unf / pgsL efph" ;b/d'sfd lsg uPsf x'g\ <
94 g]kfnL M sIff (
 -3_ ædflg;n] ug]{ sfd / l;k 7'nf / ;fgf eGg] x'b“ g} g\Æ s;n] / lsg eg]sf] xf] <
-ª_ dª\unfsf ltg lbgsf b}lgsLdWo] tkfO{n“ fO{ s'g lbgsf] b}lgsL dg k¥of], lsg <
$= tkfO{n“ fO{ s'g cltl/St lj|mofsnfkdf a9L ?lr 5 / lsg, eGg'xf];\ .
%= dª\l;/ !# ut] dª\unfn] u/]sf sfdx¿sf af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
^= eljiodf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L aGg rfxg] dª\unfsL efph"n] dlxnf k|lhc cfkm\gf] sfo{sIfdf
al;/x]sf] b]Vbf dgdg} ;f]rs
] f] s'/f cg'dfg u/L eGg'xf];\ .

G] b|
k9fO

s
!= dª\unfsf] klxnf] lbgsf] b}lgsLsf cg'R5]bx¿ kfn}kfnf] ;:j/ jfrg ug'x{ f];\ .
@= dª\unfsf] bf];f| ] lbgsf] b}lgsL k9L tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
f;
-s_ dª\unf lsg jgdf uPsL x'g\ <
js
-v_ jgsf ?vx¿ sf6\g s;sf] cg'dlt lng'k5{ <
-u_ dª\unfx¿n] jgdf s] s] u/] <
dl

-3_ dª\unfsf ;fyLx¿n] s] s] vfhf nu]sf lyP <

-ª_ d'6' 5]8g\ ] xfjf x'/L eg]sf] s] xf] <
o\ jm|

#= t];f| ] lbgsf] b}lgsL k9L d'Vo d'Vo rf/ cf]6f a'b“ f l6Kg'xf];\ .
kf7

$= kf7 k9L tnsf egfO s;n] s;nfO{ eg]sf x'g,\ kTtf nufpg'xf];\ M
-s_ x/]s dflg;df s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] k|ltef x'G5, ;a}sf] k|ltefn] k|:km'6g x'g] cj;/
kfpg'k5{ .
-v_ snfsf/, /fhgLlt1, 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, k|fWofks cflb h];s
' } aGg'xf];,\ cfkm\gf] /f]hfO xf] .
-u_ xfd|} b]zdf w]/} sfd ug{ ;lsg] /x]5 . oxf“ xfdL d?e"lddf km'n pdfl//x]sf 5f}“ . Toxf“
Toqf] pAhfp hldg af“em} 5 .
%= kf7sf zAbfy{ v08df gk/]sf sl7g zAb l6kL ltgsf] cy{ zAbsf]zsf ;xfotfn] n]Vg'xf];\ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 95
 n]vfO
!= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ dª\unfsf] ljb\ofnosf] gfd s] xf] <
-v_ dª\unf / pgsf efO x/]s laxfg s] sfd u5{g\ <
-u_ dª\unfx¿ lsg hª\un uPsf x'g\ <
-3_ dª\unfsf] 3/af6 lhNnf ;b/d'sfd k'Ug slt ;do lx“8g\ k' 5{ <

G] b|
-ª_ dª\unf / pgsL efph"n] lbSt]n ahf/df s] s] ;fdfg lsg] <

s
-r_ eljiodf tkfO{“ s] aGg rfxg' x'G5 <
f;
@= tnsf egfOx¿sf] efj lj:tf/ ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ k|lt:kwf{ eg]kl5 Ps k|sf/sf] 56k6fx6 eg] x'b“ f] /x]5 .
js
-v_ zf/Ll/s >d kg]{ / an nufpg'kg]{ sfdnfO{ x]nf xf]Og, c¿nfO{ hlTts} ;Ddfg ug'k{ 5{ .
#= kf7sf] @! cf}“ cg'R5]bnfO{ Ps t[tLof+z x'g] u/L ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ .
dl

$= s'g} 7fp“df e|d0f ubf{sf] :d/0f u/L Ps lbgsf] b}lgsL n]Vg'xf];\ .

%= tnsf] ub\of+zaf6 ;ª\lIfKt pTt/ cfpg] kf“r cf]6f k|Zg agfpg'xf];\ M
o\ jm|

kf]v/f k|sl[ tsf ¿kdf dfq rlr{t geO{ efiff, ;flxTo / snfsf If]qdf klg rlr{t 5 .
k|sl[ tsf cg'kd ;f}Gbo{ df5fk'R5«,] km]jftfn, a]ugf; tfn, ¿kftfndf h;/L 5l/Psf] 5
kf7

To;/L g} ;]tLsf] ulx/f] ;';fOdf 5 . dx]Gb| u'kmfsf] sfnf] cf]9f/ cfZro{df n]lvPsf] 5 .
cfkm\gf hLjgsf cg'el" t ;f6\gx] ¿;“u ;+:s[lt eP/ 3f6' x'ss {] f] 5, ;f]/7L u'lGhPsf] 5 .
;+:sf/;“u} /f]wL / ;]nf], em\ofp/] tfn, tofdrf tyf nfv] gfr klg x'ls{Psf] 5 . kf]v/]nL
;'Gtnf h:t} /l;nf] eP/ kf]v/]nL kl/j]z n]lvPsf] 5 . oxL e"lddf n]vgfy kf}8o\ fnsf] jfl0f{s
nosf] u'~hg 5 . cln ldof / wd{/fh yfkfsf] nf]sunfsf] ld7f; 5 / e"lk z]/rgsf]
ub\ofTds kb\osf] nlnt /Gsf] c6fPsf] 5 .
-;'sd' zdf{ M s[lt kl/ro_

96 g]kfnL M sIff (
^= cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSo agfpg'xf];\ M
;/fxgf, x'n, t'na'n, cltl/St lj|mofsnfk, ;fOa/ ck/fw
&= pbfx/0fdf lbP h:t} u/L ;ª\lIfKt zAb agfpg'xf];\ M
pbfx/0f M uf]/vfkq M uf]k ÷uf]=k=
k|fWofks, 8fS6/, kl08t, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt, ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3
*= kf7df k|of]u ePsf ;ª\lIfKt zAbx¿ vf]h/] ltgsf] k"0f{ ¿k n]Vg'xf];\ .

G] b|
(= kf7af6 x|:j psf/ - ' _ / bL3{ pmsf/ - " _ nfu]sf zAbx¿ vf]hL n]Vg'xf];\ .

s
!)= kf7af6 v'66\ f] sf6]sf -xnGt_ zAbx¿ vf]h/] n]Vg'xf];\ .
Jofs/0f

f;
!= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /x]sf ljelSt lrg]/ tkfO{“ klg ljelSt k|Toosf] k|of]u u/L s'g} d]nf jf
hfqfdf hf“bfsf] cg'ej n]Vg'xf];\ M
js
s[i0ffsL ldltgL 8f]Ndf pgsf] 3/ uOg\ / pgn] cfkm\gf] ljjfxsf] lgdGq0ff lbOg\ . ljjfxdf
s[i0ffn] klg 8f]NdfnfO{ ;Sbf] ;xof]u ul/g\ . ljjfxsf] cGTodf 8f]Ndfn] elgg\,
æltd|f] ;xof]usf nflu w]/} w]/} wGojfb 5 .Æ ljjfxkl5 s[i0ff v';L x'b“ } cfkm\gf 3/ uOg\ .
dl

@= pko'St ljelSt k|of]u u/L vfnL 7fp“ eg'x{ f];\ M

;'hg o'hg=== bfh' x'g\ . :jl:tsf pgLx¿ ====alxgL x'g\ . ;'hg=== dg kg]{ ljifo sljtf /
o\ jm|

lrqsnf xf] . To;}n] x/]s laxfg Ps 306f ;'hg, o'hg / :jl:tsf=== lrq agfpg / sljtf
n]Vg l;sfp“5g\ . pgLx¿ v/fa ;fyL==== 6f9} /xG5g\ .
kf7

#= kf7sf] !^ cf}“ cg'R5]bdf k|of]u ePsf ljelStx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ .

$= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\lst låTj zAbnfO{ sfkLdf ;fg'x{ f];\ M
;x/dfgn] ;fyLx¿sf 3/ 3/df uP/ pgLx¿nfO{ l56f] l56f] p7fof] . ;fyLx¿n] klg xtf/
xtf/ cfcfk\mgf ;fdfg emf]nfdf kf]sf] kf/] . ;;fgf emf]nf af]s/] pgLx¿ af6f] nfu] . xtf/
ePsfn] pgLx¿n] eft;ft vfg EofPgg\, la:s'6l;:s'6 vfP/ lx“8] .
%= tnsf k"0f{, cf+lzs / cfkl/jlt{t låTj zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ M
-c_ k"0f{ låTj M l56f] l56f], 3/ 3/, ;a} ;a}, cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf], ;do ;do, :s'n :s'n
-cf_ cf+lzs låTj M cfcfk\mgf, ;;fgf, 7'N7'nf, ;;f{dfg, ememNsf], em}emu8f
g]kfnL M sIff ( 97
 -O_ ckl/jlt{t låTj M eft;ft, uf]bufb, l6kg6fkg, k};f;};f, P]r
“ f]kr
“} f], af6f];f6f]
^= kf7df k|of]u ePsf låTj zAbx¿ vf]h/] lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ .
&= tn s]xL ;fdfGo wft' / gfd wft' lbOPsf 5g\ . pbfx/0fdf lbP h:t} u/L tL wft'df ‘g'’ k|Too
nufO{ zAb agfpg'xf];\ M
pbfx/0f M vf ± g' = vfg', k9fp ± g' = k9fpg', sdfp -sfd ± cfp_ ± g' = sdfpg',
nf]le -nf]e ± O_ ± g' = nf]leg'
;fdfGo wft' M a;\, lx“8,\ w', xf“;,\ af]n,\ n]v,\ u/\, p7\, b]v\

G] b|
gfd wft' M 5f]l6, r]lK6, l3gfp, gª\Uofp, df]6fp, aª\Uofp

s
*= kf7sf] !@ cf}“ cg'R5]bdf k|of]u ePsf lj|mofkbx¿ l6kf]6 u/L ltgsf wft'x¿ klxNofpg'xf];\ .
(= tnsf wft'af6 zAb lgdf{0f u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ M
f;
u/\, ;'t,\ lx“8,\ k]m/\, n]v,\ eg\
js
l;h{gfTds sfo{
tnsf s'g} Pp6f ljifodf Ps lbgsf] b}lgsL n]Vg'xf];\ M
dl

-s_ s'g} gbL lsgf/, kxf8 jf hª\undf hf“bfsf] cg'ej

-v_ s'g} rf8 kj{sf] lbg
-u_ k/LIff kmn k|sflzt ePsf] lbg
o\ jm|

-3_ la;{g g;lsg] s'g} lbg

kf7

98 g]kfnL M sIff (
 kf7 ( h}ljs v]tL

!= v]tLsf b'O{ tl/sf 5g\, /f;folgs / h}ljs . /f;folgs dn tyf sL6 gfzs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u
u/]/ ul/g] v]tL /f;folgs v]tL xf] . k/Dk/fut h}ljs j:t'df dfq lge{/ /x]/ ul/g] v]tL h}ljs
xf] . hLj;“u ;DalGwt s'/fnfO{ h}ljs elgG5 . hf] hlGdG5, a9\5 / d5{ clg h;nfO{ af“Rgsf
nflu vfgf, kfgL / xfjf rflxG5, ToxL g} hLj xf] . ljiffbLnufotsf xflgsf/s tTTj k|of]u
gu/L ul/g] v]tL h}ljs xf] . o;df dflg; tyf hLjsf nflu xflgsf/s x'g] tTTjsf] k|of]u
x'b“ g} . cfÇg} kl/j]zdf kfOg] jg:klt, h8La'6L tyf cGo j:t'af6 h}ljs v]tLsf ;fdu|L tof/

G] b|
kfl/G5 . oL ;fdu|L hLjgsf nflu xflgsf/s geO{ nfebfos x'G5g\ . of] k"0f{tM k|fª\ufl/s
dndf cfwfl/t x'g] x'gfn] o;nfO{ k|fª\ufl/s v]tL klg elgG5 .

s
@= s[lif o'usf] cf/De;“u} h}ljs v]tLsf]
;'?cft ePsf] xf] . pb\of]u wGbfsf]
f;
ljsf;;“u} hg;ª\Vofsf] 7'nf] lx:;f
s[lifaf6 ljd'v eof] . yf]/n} ] sfd
js
u/]/ w]/n} fO{ kfNg'kg]{ eof] . o;}n]
yf]/} hldgd} w]/} pTkfbg ug]{
pkfosf ¿kdf !( cf}“ ztfAbLdf
dl

/f;folgs dnsf] cfljisf/ eof] .

/f;folgs dndf afnL la?jfsf
nflu clws dfqfdf rflxg]
gfO6«fh] g, kmf]:kmf]/;, kf]6f; h:tf
o\ jm|

vfb\o tTTjx¿ ld>0f ul/Psfn] pTkfbg a9\g yfNof] . o;} u/L @) cf}“ ztfAbLb]lv afnLgfnLdf
nfUg] sL6 ktª\ux¿nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ljiffbLsf] klg k|of]u x'g yfNof] . /f;folgs dnaf6
kf7

pTkfbg a9\g,] ljiffbLsf] k|of]uaf6 /f]u / ls/f lgoGq0f x'g] ePkl5 yf]/} hldgdf w]/} pTkfbg
x'g' :jfefljs xf] . o;/L yf]/} ldx]gtaf6 w]/} pAhgL lbg ;s]sfn] /f;folgs v]tL rf“8}
nf]slk|o x'g yfNof] . /f;folgs v]tLdf oL kmfObf eP/ klg o;sf a]kmfObf klg b]vf kg{
yfn] . o;n] ubf{ /f;folgs v]tLsf ljifodf cg';Gwfg / cWoog ug'k{ g]{ cj:yf cfof] . o;sf
gsf/fTds c;/x¿sf af/]df x'g yfn]sf] cWoogn] o;sf] ljsNksf] vf]hL ug'k{ g]{ tYonfO{
zAbfy{
sL6 gfzs M ls/f gfz ug]{
lx:;f M c+z, efu
ljiffbL M ljifo'St, ljif ePsf]
80 g]kfnL M sIff (
 k|:t't u¥of] . k[YjLsf] kof{j/0f, dfgj :jf:Yo / jfg:klts rj|mdf cfPsf] ;ª\s6n] klg
/f;folgs v]tL k|lts"n x'G5 eGg] lgisif{ k|:t't eof] .
#= /f;folgs dnn] df6fsf] cDnLokg a9fP/ k|fs[lts agfj6 lauf5{ . h}ljs tTTjsf] sdL x'b“ f
hldg d?e"lddf kl/0ft x'g a]/ nfUb}g . afnL la?jfnfO{ ;vfk kfg]{ sL6 ktª\unfO{ sltko
ls/f, km6\ofª\uf| , r/f r'?ª\uLx¿n] vfP/, wkfP/ ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf x'G5g\ . To:t} df}/L,
af?nf, k'tnL, le“mufnufotsf sL6 ktª\un] afnLsf] k/fu ;]rg k|lj|mofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofO{
pTkfbg a9fp“5g\ . /f;folgs v]tLn] afnL la?jfsf ldqnfO{ klg c;/ ub{5 . csf{lt/ zq'
ls/fx¿sf] k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf a9\5 / s8feGbf s8f vfnsf ljiffbLsf] k|of]u ug'k{ g]{ cj:yf
cfp“5 . ljiffbLsf] a9\bf] k|of]un] dfgj :jf:Yodf uDeL/ c;/ u5{ . o;n] SofG;/, pRr

G] b|
/Strfk, Xbof3ft, d'6,' sn]hf] / kmf]S;f] lau|g] vfnsf /f]unfO{ lgDTofp“5 . o;/L /f;folgs

s
v]tLn] dfgj :jf:Yo, kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng / h}ljs ljljwtfdf uDeL/ ;ª\s6 l;h{gf ub{5 .
o;}n] kl5Nnf] ;dodf /f;folgs v]tLsf] ljsNk ;f]Rg yflnPsf] 5 . /f;folgs v]tLsf] Pp6}
ljsNk eg]sf] h}ljs v]tL g} xf] .

f;
$= k[YjLdf /x]sf af]6 la?jf, sL6 ktª\u, r/f r'?ª\uL, hgfj/ / dflg;x¿ k/:k/df lge{/
5g\ . k|f0fLx¿n] vfb\o tTTj / clS;hg af]6 la?jfaf6 kfp“5g\ . af]6 la?jfx¿n] klg
js
cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] xfjf / vfg] s'/f hLjhGt'af6 lnG5g\ . dflg; tyf hgfj/x¿sf dnd"q af]6
la?jfsf pTtd vfgf x'g\ . ;8]un]sf kft kltª\u/nfO{ s'xfP/ af]6 la?jfsf nflu vfg of]Uo
dn agfpg] sfd sL6 ktª\ux¿n] u5{g\ . o;/L k[YjLsf k|f0fL / jg:kltsf lardf n]gb]g
dl

k|lj|mof rj|m e}m“ 3'ld/xG5 . o:t} cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwn] k[YjLdf hLjsf] cl:tTj ;Dej ePsf]
xf] . oxL lng] lbg] k|lj|mof gldn]/ clxn] jftfj/0fLo k|bi" f0f a9]sf] 5 .
%= k[YjLdf /x]sf ;a} kz'kG5L, sL6 ktª\u / jg:kltx¿ cfk;df lge{/ ePsfn] kof{j/0fLo
o\ jm|

;Gt'ngsf nflu oL ;a}sf] cfjZostf 5 . v]tLkftLsf zq' ls/f, km6\ofª\uf| , ;'n;'n,] d';f,
v/fof], b'D;L, af“b/;d]t kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ngsf nflu cfjZos 5g\ . o:tf hLjnfO{ dfg]{ xf]Og
kf7

wkfpg] / eufpg] pkfo vf]Hg'k5{ . h}ljs v]tL oxL dfGotfdf cfwfl/t 5 . h}ljs v]tLn]
jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng ldnfpg'sf ;fy} dfgjnufot k[YjLdf /x]sf ;a}sf] hLjg arfpg] sfd
u5{ .

zAbfy{
k/fu ;]rg M k'mnaf6 kmn aGg] k|lj|mof
k|lt/f]wfTds M /f]u;“u n8\g ;Sg]
rj|m M uf]nf] gfª\nf] h:tf] j:t', 3'ld/xg] k|lj|mof
cl:tTj M 5 cyjf xf] eGg] cy{, x'gfsf] efj
g]kfnL M sIff ( 81
^= h}ljs v]tLdf k|fª\ufl/s dnsf]
k|of]u ul/G5 . k|fª\ufl/s dnn]
jftfj/0fnfO{ s'g} c;/ ub}g{ .
o;af6 df6f], kfgL / jfo'
k| b " i f0fnfO{ 36fpg ;xof] u
ldNb5 . o:tf] v]tLn] df6fsf]
pj{/f zlSt sfod /fV5 /
dflg; tyf kz'kG5Laf6 lg:sg]
kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] Joj:yfkgdf
;xof] u u5{ . o;} n ] 7' n f]

G] b|
wg/flz vr]/{ /f;folgs dn
pTkfbg ug'e{ Gbf ufp“ ;x/df

s
v]/ hfg] j:t' / jg:kltaf6 ;fdfGo tl/sfn] k|fª\ufl/s dn agfpg' w]/} >]o:s/ 5 . o;n]
;x/ ;kmf /fVg, dn pTkfbgsf] vr{ 36fpg / cGttM jftfj/0f hf]ufpg ;xof]u u5{ .
f;
&= h}ljs ljlwaf6 /f]u tyf ls/f lgoGq0f ug]{ cg]sf}“ pkfox¿ 5g\ . /fd|/L vghf]t u/L ;dodf
afnL nufp“bf / plrt dnhnsf] k|of]u ubf{ afnL la?jfsf] k|lt/f]ws Ifdtf a9\5 . o;af6
js
afnL la?jfdf /f]u / ls/fx¿sf] cfj|md0fdf sdL cfp“5 . sltko ls/fx¿nfO{ xftn]
l6k]/, hfnLsf] k|of]u u/]/, aTtL aflnlbP/ / 6f“l;g] kbfy{ /fv]/ klg lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
ldq ls/fsf] pTkfbg u/]/ klg xflgsf/s ls/f lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 . lttf], lk/f], cldnf],
dl

6/f]{ cflb jg:kltsf] emf]n / w'nf] k|of]u ugf{n] clwsf+z ls/f / sL6f0f'nfO{ eufpg / lgoGq0f
ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf jg:kltdf ltt]kftL, lgd, asfOg', ;'tL{, c;'/f], ;l/kmf, af]emf], df}jf,
wt'/f], l;dfnL, cb'jf, a];f/, l6Dd'/, t'n;L cflb kb{5g\ . To;f] t o:tf h8La'6LhGo jg:kltdf
klg ljiffbLsf] dfqf x'G5 . Tof] jftfj/0fdf rf“8} gi6 klg x'G5 . o:tf h8La'6LhGo ljiffbLsf]
o\ jm|

k|of]u ePsf vfb\o kbfy{ s]xL lbgd} vfgof]Uo x'G5g\ .

*= h}ljs v]tL s]jn lgjf{xd'vL dfq geO{ o;sf] Jofj;foLs/0f / cfw'lgsLs/0f x'gk' 5{ . o;sf
kf7

nflu ;j{ky| d df6fsf] k/LIf0f cfjZos x'G5 . s'g df6fdf s] s:tf tTTj 5g\ < s] s:tf
tTTjsf] cefj 5 < s'g df6f] s'g afnLsf nflu pko'St 5 < cflb s'/fsf] hfgsf/L
lnP/ df6fsf] k|sl[ tcg';f/ h}ljs v]tL nufpg ;lsG5 . df6fdf ck'u tTTjnfO{ h}ljs
ljlwaf6} cfk"lt{ ug{ ;lsG5 . pko'St xfjfkfgL, pko'St df};d, cfjZos dnsf] k|of]u, l;“rfO
Joj:yf, pko'St afnLrj|m cflb ldnfP/ v]tL ug{' cfjZos x'G5 . o;f] ubf{ h}ljs ljlwaf6
klg kof{Kt pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .

zAbfy{
lgjf{xd'vL M ;fdfGo sfd rnfpg] vfnsf]
Jofj;foLs/0f M k];f jf Joj;fosf ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ sfd
82 g]kfnL M sIff (
(= g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts, ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts kof{j/0f h}ljs v]tLsf nflu cg'sn" 5 .
k|z:t dfqfdf hª\un, r/g ;'ljwf / kfgLsf] ;|ft] ePsfn] g]kfndf Jofj;flos ¿kdf ufO{,
e};“ L, afv|f, e]8f, s'v/' f, ;'u“ /' , df5f h:tf kz'kG5L kfNg ;lsG5 . o;af6 kof{Kt dfqfdf b'w,
bxL, l3p, pmg, dx, lrh cflbsf] pTkfbgsf ;fy} k|fª\ufl/s dn pTkfbg x'G5 . kfgLsf] ;|ft]
pkof]u u/]/ l;“rfOsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 . ax' ;ª\Vos g]kfnLsf] k'Vof}n{ L Joj;fo
h}ljs v]tL g} ePsfn] To;nfO{ yf]/} cfw'lgs / Jofj;flos agfOlbP k'U5 . ca g]kfnsf ufp“
ufp“;Dd ;8s oftfoft k'Ug yfn]sf] 5 . pTkflbt j:t'nfO{ ahf/;Dd k'¥ofpg ;xh aGb}
5 . h}ljs vfb\o j:t' b]zleq / ljb]zdf klg dx“uf] d"Nodf ;lhn} laj|mL x'G5 . a;]l{ g c/af}“
?lkof“sf] vfb\o kbfy{ cfoft ug'{ clxn]sf] g]kfnsf] afWotf ag]sf] 5 . lgjf{xd'vL /
k/Dk/fut v]tLsf sf/0f o:tf] ePsf] xf] . h}ljs v]tLnfO{ a[xt\ cleofgsf ¿kdf cufl8

G] b|
a9fpg ;s] g]kfn vfb\ofGgdf cfTdlge{/ x'g ;S5 .

s
!)= g]kfndf Jofj;flos h}ljs v]tLnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] d'Vo cfwf/ agfpg ;lsG5 . :jb]zd}
/f]huf/L l;h{gf ug{ ;s] o'jfx¿ lab]l;g' kb}g{ . o'jfx¿ :jb]zd} /x“bf /fi6« ljsf;df
;sf/fTds k|efj k5{ . k/lge{/tf 36\g hf“bf :jfjnDaL ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; x'G5 / /fli6«otf
f;
klg alnof] aG5 . lgof{t a9fpg ;Sbf k'h “ L lgdf{0f x'g uO{ cf}bo\ f]lus nufgLsf] af6f]
v'N5 . h}ljs v]tLaf6 jftfj/0f ;+/If0f x'G5 / dfgj :jf:Yodf klg cg'sn" k|efj k5{ .
js
o;af6 jftfj/0f / :jf:Yosf If]qdf ul/g] nufgL art x'G5 . To; artnfO{ cGo pTkfbgd"ns
If]qdf nufpg ;lsG5 . s[lifdf cfTdlge{/ aGb} hn;|ft] , ko{6g h:tf pb\of]unfO{ k|jw{g ug{
;s] g]kfn ;+;f/s} ;d'Ggt / ;'vL d'ns' aGg] 5 .
dl

!!= g]kfndf v]tLnfO{ Joj;fosf ¿kdf a'em\g / u|x0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . ;+;f/ hlt;'s} cufl8
a9] klg dflg;sf] k|f0f arfpg] vfg]s/' f cGttM v]tLaf6} cfp“5 eGg] s'/f xfdLn] dgg ug{
;s]sf 5}gf}“ . v]tLnfO{ Joj;fo g} gdfGg', x]nf / pk]Iffsf] k];f dfGg' xfd|f] 7'nf] sdhf]/L
xf] . v]tL jg:kltsf] pTkfbg / pkof]u ug]{ Pp6f dxfg\ k];f xf] . jg:klt dflg;nfO{ af“Rgsf
o\ jm|

nflu geO{ gx'g] ;f;, uf“;, skf;, af;, OGwg, cf]vtL, kfgL cflbsf] d"n ;|ft] xf] . of] cfkm"
af“Rg] / b'lgof“nfO{ arfpg] k];f xf] . o;}n] v]tL x]o geP/ ;a}sf] lk|o k];f aGg'k5{ . g]kfn
kf7

h:tf] s[lif k|wfg b]zdf t emg\ h}ljs v]tL g} ;a}eGbf d'Vo k];f xf] / x'g' klg k5{ .
zAbfy{
k'Vof}n{ L M k'vf{sf kfnfb]lv rlncfPsf]
k/lge{/tf M c¿sf] e/ kg'k{ g]{ cj:yf
;+:s[lt M k/Dk/fb]lv rlncfPsf] /Lltl/jfh, ;+:sf/
k'h
“ L M pb\of]u, Joj;fodf nufpg ;lsg] wg
k|jw{g M j[bl\ w ug]{ sfd, a9fpg]
;d'Ggt M pRr, /fd|/L dfly p7]sf]
x]o M x]nf, pk]Iff
g]kfnL M sIff ( 83
 cEof;
;'gfO
!= kf7sf] klxnf] cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / l7s a]l7s 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M
-s_ /f;folgs dn / sL6 gfzs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u ePsf] v]tL /f;folgs xf] .
-v_ /f;folgs dn / sL6 gfzs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u gePsf] v]tL h}ljs xf] .
-u_ h}ljs / k|fª\ufl/s cnu cnu v]tL k|0ffnL x'g\ .

G] b|
-3_ h}ljs v]tLdf k|fª\ufl/s dnsf] k|of]u x'b“ g} .

s
-ª_ dflg;, kz'kG5L, sL6 ktª\u / jg:kltdf lge{/ v]tL g} h}ljs v]tL xf] .
@= kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
f;
-s_ h}ljs v]tLsf] ;'?cft slxn] eof] <
-v_ pb\of]u wGbfsf] ;'?cftkl5 s] eof] <
js
-u_ /f;folgs dnsf ¿kdf s:tf vfb\o tTTjx¿ pTkfbg ul/G5 <
-3_ s] sf/0fn] yf]/} hldgdf w]/} pAhgL x'g yfNof] <
dl

-ª_ /f;folgs v]tL s;/L nf]slk|o eof] <

#= kf7sf] 5}6f}“ cg'R5]bsf] >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .
o\ jm|

af]nfO
!= tnsf zAbsf] z'bw\ pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M
kf7

k|fª\ufl/s, cf}bo\ f]lus, k[i7e"ld, cfljisf/, k|lt/f]wfTds, cDnLokg, kof{j/0fLo, s[lqd,

k'Vof}n{ L, k|jw{g
@= /f;folgs v]tLsf kmfObf / a]kmfObfaf/] sIffdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
#= h}ljs k|ljlwaf6 afnL la?jfdf nfUg] ls/f / /f]usf] lgbfg s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf
cfkm"n] hfg]sf s'/fx¿ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
k9fO
!= lzIfsn] lgb]z
{ g lbPcg';f/ kf7sf cg'R5]bx¿ kfn}kfnf] ;:j/ jfrg ug'x{ f];\ .

84 g]kfnL M sIff (
@= kf7sf] gjf}“ cg'R5]b k9L l7s a]l7s 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M
-s_ g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts, ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts kof{j/0f h}ljs v]tLsf nflu cg'sn"
5.
-v_ g]kfndf Jofj;flos ¿kdf kz' kfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
-u_ g]kfndf sDkf]:6 dn agfpg] sRrf ;fdu|Lsf] cefj 5 .
-3_ g]kfnsf ax' ;ª\Vos dflg;x¿sf] k'Vof}n{ L Joj;fo Jofkf/ xf] .
-ª_ g]kfndf h}ljs v]tLnfO{ yf]/} cfw'lgs / Jofj;flos agfOlbP k'U5 .

G] b|
-r_ ca g]kfnsf ufp“ ufp“;Dd ;8s oftfoft k'Ug yfn]sf] 5 .

s
-5_ g]kfnaf6 a;]l{ g c/af}“ ?lkof“sf] vfb\o kbfy{ lgof{t x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
#= kf7sf] t];f| ] cg'R5]b k9L tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
f;
-s_ /f;folgs v]tLn] df6fnfO{ s] u5{ <
js
-v_ ldq ls/fx¿n] afnL la?jfnfO{ s;/L ;xof]u k'¥ofp“5g\ <
-u_ k/fu ;]rg k|lj|mofnfO{ ss;n] ;xof]u k'¥ofp“5g\ <
dl

-3_ lsg /f;folgs v]tLsf] ljsNk ;f]Rg yflnPsf] xf] <

-ª_ pj{/f zlSt, k/fu ;]rg, k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf, kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng / h}ljs ljljwtfsf]
cy{ atfpg'xf];\ .
o\ jm|

$= kf7df k|of]u ePsf k|fª\ufl/s, pj{/f zlSt, k/fu ;]rg h:tf k|fljlws zAb l6kf]6
ug'x{ f];\ .
kf7

n]vfO
!= kf7sf cfwf/df pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ /f;folgs v]tL / h}ljs v]tLsf lardf s] km/s 5 <
-v_ /f;folgs v]tLsf a]kmfObfx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-u_ ljiffbLsf] k|of]un] dfgj :jf:Yodf s] s:tf] c;/ ub{5 <
-3_ kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng / h}ljs ljljwtfsf lardf s] cGt/ 5 <
-ª_ h}ljs v]tLaf6 s;/L cfTd lge{/tf a9fpg ;lsG5 <
g]kfnL M sIff ( 85
@= kf7sf] ;ftf}“ cg'R5]b cg'nv
] g ug'x{ f];\ .
#= ‘g]kfnnfO{ /;fog / ljiffbL d'St /fi6« agfcf}’“ zLif{sdf Pp6f cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .
$= JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ k[YjLsf k|f0fL / jg:kltlardf lng] lbg] k|lj|mof rj|m e}m“ 3'ld/xG5 .
-v_ k|f0fL / jg:kltsf lardf /x]sf] cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwn] k[YjLdf hLjsf] cl:tTj ;Dej
ePsf] xf] .
%= g]kfndf Jofj;flos ¿kdf h}ljs v]tLsf] ;Defjgfsf af/]df Pp6f lgaGw n]Vg'xf];\ .

G] b|
^= zAbfy{df k|of]u ePsf kof{ojfrL zAbx¿sf] ;"rL agfpg'x' f];\ .

s
&= tnsf zAbnfO{ km/s km/s cy{ cfpg] u/L cnu cnu jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ M
t/, lt/, sn, cy{, km'n, kmn, a;
f;
*= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/Lt cy{ x'g] zAb n]Vg'xf];\ M
7'nf], zq', ;kmf, d?e"ld, s[lqd, lgof{t, ;sf/fTds, cfw'lgs
js
(= kf7sf] t];f| ] cg'R5]baf6 ;'?, lardf / cGTodf bL3{ x'g] kf“r kf“r zAb vf]hL sfkLdf n]Vg'xf];\ .
!)= kf7af6 ‘z’ sf] k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ vf]hL n]Vg'xf];\ .
dl

Jofs/0f
!= pbfx/0fsf cfwf/df k|To]s sf/s / ljelStsf] plrt k|of]u u/L Ps Ps cf]6f jfSo
agfpg'xf];\ M
o\ jm|

-s_ stf{ sf/s / k|ydf ljelStsf] k|of]u

xl;gf xf“l;g\ . d sljtf n]V5' . /fdn] vfgf vfof] . gfgLd}of“n] sljtf n]lvg\ .
kf7

-v_ sd{ sf/s / låtLof ljelStsf] k|of]u

d}n] cf“k vfP“ . kf;fªn] ;LtfnfO{ lstfa k9fof] . cfdfn] /fdnfO{ af]nfpg'eof] .
-u_ s/0f sf/s / t[tLof ljelStsf] k|of]u
d}n] nf7fn] cf“k emf/]“ . xl/n] v's/' Ln] bfp/f lr/] . u'?cfdfn] xfdLnfO{ k|fh] S] 6/n]
k9fpg'eof] .
-3_ ;Dk|bfg sf/s / rt'yL{ ljelStsf] k|of]u
d}n] l;h{gfnfO{ pkxf/ lbP“ . xfs'do} fn] /~hgfb]jLnfO{ ?dfn lbOg\ . ;'nf]rgfn] xfdLnfO{
uLt ;'gfOg\ .
86 g]kfnL M sIff (
 -ª_ ckfbfg sf/s / k~rdL ljelStsf] k|of]u
d}n] ?vaf6 ;'Gtnf emf/]“ . xl/n] laxfg}bl] v s]xL vfPsf] 5}g . ;'lDgdfn]
emf]nfaf6 lstfa lgsfn]/ d}of“nfO{ lbOg\ .
-r_ ifi6L ljelStsf] k|of]u
d]/f Ps Ps hgf alxgL / efO 5g\ . d]/f] efOsf] gfd ef]uG] b| xf] . /~hgf d]/L alxgL
x'g\ . ;l/tf, ;Gb]z / u]Na' efOsf ldNg] ;fyL x'g\ . alxgLsL ldNg] ;fyL lrqn]vf x'g\ .
/~hgf / ef]uG] b| b'j} hgf cfcfk\mgf ;fdfgsf] lxkmfht ug{ l;kfn' 5g\ . cfk\mgf] efO /
cfk\mgL alxgLsf] o:tf] /fd|f] afgL b]Vbf dnfO{ v';L nfU5 .

G] b|
-5_ clws/0f sf/s / ;KtdL ljelSt
a]ud g]kfnuGhdf al:5g\ . d~h' bfr'n{ f k'lug\ . pgsf] dgdf kfk 5}g .

s
@= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /x]sf sf/s / ljelSt klxNofO{ lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ M
lggfdf w]/} d]xgtL 5g\ . pgL cToGt bofn' / ;xof]uL klg 5g\ . pgL b'MvL ul/ax¿nfO{
f;
;xof]u ul5{g\ . pgL a]nf a]nfdf c;xfox¿nfO{ vfg]s/' f / sk8f lblG5g\ . lggfdfsf afa'
cd/axfb'/ rflDnª cjsf; k|fKt a]nfotL ;}lgs x'g\ . pgL >dnfO{ w]/} dxTTj lbG5g\ /
js
w]/h} ;f] sf]bfnfn] af/L vlg/x]sf e]l6G5g\ . pgL ?vaf6 8fn] 3f“; emfg{ / af“;af6 rf]of
sf9\g klg plTts} l;kfn' l5g\ . lggfdfsL cfdf wgzf]ef ofSvf sn]hdf k9fp“l5g\ . cfdfs}
5q5fofdf /x]/ lggfdfn] k9fOdf w]/} /fd|f] u/]sL 5g\ . k9fOsf cltl/St 3/sf] sfddf klg
dl

lggfdf plTts} hf“ul/nL 5g\ . au}r “ fdf hfg], kfs]sf kmnk'mn ?vaf6 l6k]/ hDdf ug],{
ahf/df nu]/ a]Rg] cflb sfddf pgL l;kfn' l5g\ . To;f] t sljtf n]Vg], lrq agfpg] snfdf
klg pgL lgk'0f l5g\ .
o\ jm|

#= kf7sf] b;f}“ cg'R5]bdf k|oS' t km/s km/s ljelSt lrx\g k|of]u ePsf zAbsf] l6kf]6
ug'x{ f];\ .
$= ;a} k|sf/sf sf/ssf] k|of]u u/L Ps cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .
kf7

l;h{gfTds sfo{
lgDg lnlvt a'b“ fx¿sf cfwf/df ‘;"rgf lj:tf/ / cfhsf] ljZj’ zLif{sdf lgaGw n]Vg'xf];\ M
— klxn] klxn] k/]jf, sfu, s's/' sf cfjfhsf cfwf/df ;"rgf cg'dfg — kl5 lr7L k7fpg]
rngsf] ;'?cft — 6]lnkmf]g, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, tf//lxt 6]lnlehg, ÇofS;, sDKo'6/sf] cfljisf/
— cGtl/Ifdf dflg;sf] kx'r “ — e"pku|xaf6 ;"rgf ;ª\sng / lj:tf/ — OG6/g]6 k|ljlw /
To;leq ljleGg ;fdflhs ;~hfn — 5kfO jf d'b0| fsf gof“ gof“ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; — ;"rgf
lj:tf/;“u} cfhsf] ljZj ;f“ul' /Psf] — ljZje/sf dflg;nfO{ ;fyL agfpg, efjgf cfbfg k|bfg ug{,
s'g} ljrf/ jf 36gfk|lt tTsfn k|ltlj|mof JoSt ug{, ljZj k|l;b\w s[lt k9\g ;lsg] — k|ljlwsf]
ljsf; clezfk klg — k|ljlwsf] ;b'kof]u hLjgsf nflu j/bfg .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 87
 kf7 !! 8fS6/ cª\sn

– cfTdf/fd zdf{ k'8f;}gL

!= k';sf] dlxgf, s]xL lbgb]lv afbn nfu]/
lbg w'lDdPsf] lyof] . bs{/] kfgL kg{
klg ;s]sf] lyPg / 3fd klg k6Ss}
nfu]sf] lyPg . lr;f] w]/} a9]sf] lyof] .

G] b|
dflg;x¿ 3/ 3/df cu]gf], lx6/ /

s
dsndf cfuf] tfk]/ jl/kl/ al;/x]sf
lyP . s]6fs]6L, o'jf, a'9fkfsf ;a}nfO{
hf8fn] g/fd|f];“u uf“h]sf] lyof] .

f;
hf8fsf] labf ePsfn] s]6fs]6L klg
ljb\ofno uPsf lyPgg\ .
js
@= ToxL hf8fsf] lbg 8f= sdnsf] klg 5'66\ L lyof] . ;w}e“ l/ Nofk6k / cfOKof8df e'mTtL
v]ln/xg] 5f]/f5f]/L klg cfh eg] lx6/sf] jl/kl/ g} e'mlDdPsf lyP . 5f]/L ;'lgtfn] la:tf/}
s'/f lgsfnL . cfk\mgf ;fyLx¿n] xh'/af / xh'/cfdfaf6 ld7f ld7f syf ;'Gg] u/]sf]
dl

t/ cfk"mn] eg] To:tf] cj;/ slxNo} gkfPsf] u'gf;f] u/L . 5f]/f] ljb'/sf] klg To;}df ;xdlt
ylkof] . cfh pgLx¿n] afafaf6} syf ;'Gg] k|:tfj cufl8 ;f/] . b'j} lbbL efO ldn]/
8f= sdnnfO{ syf eGg lgs} s/ ub{} lyP . pgL cfk"mnfO{ syf eGg k6Ss} cfp“bg} eg]/
o\ jm|

6fl//x]y] . lx6/sf] glhs a;]sf cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ pgn] k6Ss} kG5fpg ;s]gg\ / syf
eGg ;'? u/] .
#= æxfd|f] g]kfnsf] klZrd kxf8df ;Ltfk'/ gfdsf] Pp6f ;fgf] ufp“ lyof] . To; ufp“sf w]/}
kf7

dflg;x¿ ls;fgL cyf{t\ v]tLkftLsf] sfd ug{] ub{y] . ul/aLsf sf/0fn] ubf{ pgLx¿ a]nfavt
;b/d'sfd uP/ ;fx' / 7]sb] f/x¿sf] ef/L af]Sg], ;8s agfpg] sfd;d]t ub{y] . pltv]/ To;
ufp“af6 lhNnf ;b/d'sfd k'Ug rf/ lbg;Dd lx“8g\ k' b{Yof] . Tolt 6f9f;Dd k'u/] ufp“sf
dflg;x¿ g'gt]n / n'ufkmf6fsf] hf]/hfd ug]{ ub{y] .

zAbfy{
cu]gf] M bfp/f afNg] 7fp“
uf“hs
] f] M pDsg g;Sg] u/]/ ;dft]sf]
hf]/hfd M aGbf]a:t
g]kfnL M sIff ( 99
$= ;Ltfk'/ ufp“df Pp6f clt g} ul/a ls;fg kl/jf/ lyof] . To; 3/df b'O{ 5f]/f, Ps 5f]/L /
cfdfa'af u/L hDdf kf“r hgfsf] kl/jf/ lyof] . h]7f] / sfG5f] j|mdzM ltg / b'O{ sIffdf
k9\y] . 5f]/LnfO{ Toltv]/ k9fpg] rng gePsfn] 5f]/Ln] 3/df a;]/ afa'cfdfnfO{ sfd
;3fpg] uyL{ . afa'cfdf ;do ;dodf ;b/d'sfddf ef/L af]Sg hfg] uy]{ . Ps lbg ef/L af]s/]
cfk\mgf] ufp“ kmlj{mb“ f le/af6 n8]/ cfdf rflx“sf] af6fd} d[To' eof] .Æ
%= 5f]/f ljb'/n] ;f]Wof], æTof] ;Ltfk'/ ufp“ xfd|f] kxf8sf] ufp“ h:t} lyof] xf] afaf <Æ
^= 8f= sdnn] eg], æc“ xf], To:t} g} lyof] .Æ
&= æxfdLnfO{ xfd|f] ufp“ slxn] n}hfg] afaf <Æ 5f]/L ;'lgtfn] afa';u“ k|Zg u/L . 5f]/f ljb'/n]

G] b|
eGof], æx}g, x}g afaf klxnf syf g} eGg'xf];,\ clg To;kl5 s] eof] <Æ

s
*= æclg To;kl5 To; 3/sf ls;fg / s]6fs]6Lx¿sf] larNnL eof] . s]6fs]6L ;fg} lyP .
ls;fgn] ef/L af]s/] sdfP/ Nofcf];\ ls 3/sf] sfd u/f];\ ¤ t}klg p;n] x/]; vfPg . ;a}
;d:of;“u PSn} h'lw/x\of] . p;n] s;} u/] klg 3/sf] cj:yf nyflnª\u / etfe'ªu\ aGgaf6
f;
hf]ufpg ;s]g . 3/sf] ul/aL / clzIffsf sf/0f ls;fgsL 5f]/L pd]/ gk'Ub} cfk}m“ ljjfx
u/]/ uO{ . 7'nf] 5f]/f] k9\bfk9\b} ljb\ofno 5f8]/ k/b]z nfUof] . sfG5f] 5f]/f ;fg} ePsfn] 3/
js
5f8]/ st} hfg ;s]g . o;}n] ;a} b'bz { f vk]/ eP klg pm ljb\ofnodf k9\bYof] / cfk\mgf
afa';u“ 3/df g} a:Yof] .
dl

(= Ps lbg sfG5f] 5f]/fn] a'bl\ w lalu|P/ sfkL lsGg afa'sf] b; ?lkof“ lems]5 . ToxL l/;df
p;nfO{ afa'n] ufnL u¥of] . b; ?lkof“sf nflu 5f]/fnfO{ ufnL ug'k{ g]{ cfk\mgf] ul/aL b]v/]
p;sf] d'6' lrl/P/ cfof] . pm de]m/Ldf a;]/ ?g yfNof] . p;n] ;b/d'sfddf ;fx'sf] ef/L af]Sg
hf“bf kfPsf] k};f paf/]/ b;}d“ f 5f]/fnfO{ n'uf xflnlbg ykyfk x'G5 eg]/ /fv]sf] lyof] . ToxL
o\ jm|

k};f 5f]/fn] dfl;lb“bf p;nfO{ l/; p7\g' :jfefljs} lyof] . k};f sdfpg] sfd p;sf nflu
si6s/ lyof] .
kf7

!)= cfdf gePsf] To; 6'x/' fnfO{ dfof ug]{ afa'afx]s c¿ sf]xL lyPg . bfh' lbbL klg cfcfk\mgf
af6f nflu;s]sf lyP . p;n] h;nfO{ cfk\mgf] ;Dk"0f{ cfwf/ dfg]sf] lyof], pxL JolSt
zAbfy{
larNnL M laNnLaf7
nyflnª\u M lalu|Psf]
etfe'ªu\ M gi6e|i6
b'bz
{ f M v/fa xfnt
paf/]/ M arfP/
6'x/' f M afa'cfdf gePsf
100 g]kfnL M sIff (
 To;/L /f]Psf] b]Vbf p;n] ;xg ;s]g . afa' rflx“ ef]lnkN6 laxfg} dhb'/L ug{ lx“l8;s]sf]
lyof] . cfdf dbf{ pm ;fg} lyof] . p;sf cFv
“ fdf cfdfsf] wldnf] tl:a/ pbfof] . pg}nfO{ ;De]m/
?“bf?“b} p;sf] laxfg laTof] . cl3Nnf] lbgsf] Ps 8Nnf] l9“8f] / u'Gb|s ' sf] emf]n vfof] .
;+;f/df p;sf] cfk\mgf] eGg] ToxL Pp6f afa' lyof] . p;n] k};f sdfP/ afa'nfO{ ;3fpg] ljrf/
u¥of] . To;}n] cfÇgf] afa'nfO{ ;d]t dfof df/]/ ToxL lbg pm 3/af6 lg:s]/ lx“8o\ f] .
!!= p;sf cufl8 eljiosf] s'g} tl:a/ lyPg . p;“u cfdf d/]/ af“sL /x]sf] clnslt ljut
lyof] . p;n] cfk\mgf] jt{dfgaf6 efUg 3/ 5f8]sf] lyof] . b'Mvk"0f{ jt{dfgn] eg] p;nfO{ nv]6g\
5f8]g . w]/} g} xG8/ 7Ss/ vf“b,} b'Mv vKb} pm t/fO{df /x]sf] c~rn ;b/d'sfd;Dd

G] b|
k'Uof] . ToxL“ Pp6f Jofkf/Lsf 3/df 3/]n' ;xof]uLsf ¿kdf a:of] .

s
!@= æclg pm ;w}“ ToxL“ a:of] afaf <Æ 5f]/f ljb'/n] c“Wof/f] d'v nufP/ k|Zg u¥of] .
!#= c“, To;kl5 pm To; 3/df d]xgt / Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy sfd ub{} ljb\ofnodf rf/ sIffdf g}

f;
egf{ eP/ k9\g yfNof] . p;sf] k9fO / d]xgt b]v/] ljb\ofnosf lzIfsx¿ p;nfO{ w]/} g} dfof
ub{y] . pm / p;sf ;fyLx¿sf g]kfnL cIf/ eg] Tolt /fd|f lyPgg\ . oxL sf/0f Ps lbg
js
ljb\ofnodf g]kfnL sIffdf u'?n] ‘dnfO{ cfdfn] w]/} w]/} dfof ug'x{ G' 5’ eGg] zLif{sdf cfk\mgf
cg'ej j0f{g ug{ lbP . pSt zLif{s sfkLsf] kfgfdf ;f/]/ pm lgs} ;do 3f]l/O/x\of] . ;fyLx¿n]
n]vL ;s]/ u'?nfO{ a'emfP t/ p;n] n]Vb} n]vg] .
dl

!$= 5f]/L ;'lgtfn] k|Zg u/L, ælsg gn]vs

] f] afaf < pm /fd|f] k9\g] / 1fgL ljb\ofyL{ lyof] eg]sf] xf]Og / <Æ
!%= æx'g t xf], t/ p;n] To; lbg Tof] cg'ej n]vg] / 6f]nfP/ al;/x\of] .Æ clg u'?n] ;f]w,] æltdLn]
o\ jm|

lsg gn]vs ] f] x“ <Æ

!^= pm af]Nb} af]ng] . u'?n] lgs} s]/sf/ u/], To;kl5 pm ;'S“ s;'S“ s u/]/ ?g yfNof] . b'Mv dfg]/
kf7

pm lgs} ;do;Dd /f]O/x\of] . Ps l5gkl5 u'?n] ?g'sf] sf/0f ;f]w] . clg p;n] atfof], æu'?
dnfO{ dfof ug{] d]/L cfdf x'gx' G' g, tkfO{n“ ] n]Vg lbg'ePsf] sfdn] ubf{ dnfO{ d]/L cfdfsf]
;Demgf cfof] . clg d /f]Psf] x'“ .Æ

zAbfy{
dhb'/L M Hofnfbf/L
ljut M lat]sf] ;do
6f]nfP/ M Psf]xf]l/P/
g]kfnL M sIff ( 101
!&= p;sf] o:tf] dfld{s s'/f ;'g/] u'?n] p;sf af/]df w]/} g} ulxl/P/ ;f]wLvf]hL u/] . p;sf ;a}
s'/f ;'gL ;s]kl5 u'?n] ca lat]sf s'/fnfO{ w]/} g;Dem eg]/ ;fGTjgf lbP .
!*= syf eGbfeGb} 8f= sdnsf] 5ftL eSsflgof] / syfnfO{ l56f] l56f] 6'ªU\ ofpg vf]Hb} pgn] km]l/
eg], æ;do laTb} uof], pm k9fOdf ;w}“ cAan x'b“ } uof] . k9fOdf d]xgtL / cg'zfl;t ljb\ofyL{
ePsfn] p;nfO{ ;a} lzIfsx¿n] dfof ug{] uy]{ . p;n] ToxL ljb\ofnoaf6 k|yd >]0fLdf
k|jl] zsf pTtL0f{ u¥of] . p;sf] k9fOk|ltsf] nugzLntf / ?lr b]v/] ToxL ljb\ofnosf
lzIfsx¿n] ;xof]u u/]sfn] pm /fhwfgLdf uP/ lj1fg SofDk;df egf{ eof] . sf7df8f}d“ f
p;n] w]/} g} b'Mv u¥of] . ;'? ;'?sf lbgdf HofdLsf] sfd klg u¥of] . kl5 eg] ljb\ofno k9\g]

G] b|
s]6fs]6LnfO{ ;f“em laxfg k9fP/ cfk"m SofDk;df k9\g yfNof] . o;/L csf{sf] 3/df a;]/
b'Mv;'v sf6]/ sf7df8f}“ cfPkl5 pm cfk}m“ SofDk; k9\g ;Sg] eof] .Æ

s
!(= 5f]/f ljb'/n] ;f]Wof], æclg p;n] sxf“ hflu/ vfof] afaf <Æ
f;
@)= 8f= sdnn] eGb} uP, ækv g kv, To;kl5 pm lj1fg ljifodf pTs[i6 eof] . ;/sf/af6
ljb]zdf 8fS6/L k9\g hfg] 5fqj[lTt kfPsfn] p;n] s]xL jif{sf nflu g]kfn 5f8\of] .Æ
js
@!= 5f]/L ;'lgtfn] k|Zg u/L, æxh'/ 8fS6/ k9\g uPs} SofDk;df pm k9\g uPsf] xf] afaf <Æ
@@= æxf], 7\ofSs}, ToxL 7fp“df pm uPsf] xf] gfgL . To;kl5 kf“r jif{;Dd ljb]zdf k9]/ 8fS6/ ag]/
dl

cfof] . clxn] b; jif{bl] v pm klg d}n] sfd ug{] c:ktfndf g} sfd u5{ .Æ
@#= 5f]/L ;'lgtfn] km]l/ ;f]wL,
æxh' / ;f“ R r} p;nfO{
o\ jm|

lrGg' x ' G 5 t afaf <

eGg'xf];\ g, eGg'xf];\ g
kf7

eGof .Æ b'j} 5f]/f5f]/Ln]

8f= sdn;“u Ps} k6s
cfZro{ dfg]/ k|Zg u/] .

zAbfy{
pTs[i6 M ;aeGbf /fd|f]
102 g]kfnL M sIff (
@$= æxf], p;nfO{ d dfq x}g, ltdLx¿sL dfd'n] klg lrg]sL 5g\ . ltdLx¿ b'jn} ] lrg]sf 5f} .Æ olt
eGb} 8f= sdnn] cf“vfaf6 b'O{ yf]kf cf“;' tKk v;fn] .
@%= ;'lgtfn] k]ml/ ;f]wL, æclg p;sf] afaf lg <Æ
@^= sdnn] eg], æpm ljb]zdf k9\g hfg'cl3 g} ;Ltfk'/ uPsf] lyof] . p;n] 3/ 5f8]sf] 5 dlxgfdf
g} p;sf] afa'sf] d[To' eO;s]sf] /x]5 . cfk\mgf] afa'nfO{ ;'v;“u kfNg] p;sf] wf]sf] k'/f x'g
kfPg .Æ
@&= cf“vfsf] cf“;' k'5b\ f k'5b\ } 5f]/L ;'lgtfn] b]lvxfnL . 5f]/Ln] c“Wof/f] d'v nufP/ ;f]wL, æxfdLn]

G] b|
lrg]sf] Tof] 8f= cª\sn sf] xf] < xh'/sf] c;fWo} ldNg] ;fyL xf] ls < p;nfO{ xh'/n] klxn]bl] v
g} lrGg'ePsf] xf] ls ;“u} sfd ug{ yfn]kl5 dfq} < atfpg'xf];\ g afafÆ p;n] lgs} hf]8

s
u/L .
@*= cf“;n' ] 6Dd el/Psf cf“vf k'5b\ } pgn] eg], æTof] 8fS6/ cª\sn d g} x'“ .Æ
f;
@(= ;'lgtf / ljb'/ b'j} cfk\mgf afafnfO{ x]/s
] f] x]¥o} eP . Psl5gkl5 b'jn} ] pgnfO{ c“ufnf] xfn]
js
/ w]/} a]/;Dd c“ufnf] xfln/x] . lgs} a]/kl5 ?Gr] xf“;f] xf“:b} afafsf] ufnf d';fb}{ pgLx¿n]
Ps :j/df eg], æxh'/ h:tf] afafsf] ;Gtfg x'g kfPsfdf xfdLnfO{ uf}/j 5 .Æ
#)= sdnsf cf“vfaf6 alnGb|wf/f cf“;' vl;/x\of] . pgn] cfk\mgf b'j} ;GtfgnfO{ c“ufnfdf
dl

a]/] .
-‘8fS6/ cª\sn’ syf ;ª\ux| af6_
o\ jm|

zAbfy{
kf7

wf]sf] M rfxgf
alnGb|wf/f M c6'6

g]kfnL M sIff ( 103

 cEof;
;'gfO
!= syfsf] bf];f| ] cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / l7s a]l7s 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M
-s_ hf8fsf lbg dfq} s]6fs]6Lx¿ Nofk6k / cfOKof8df e'mTtL v]N5g\ .
-v_ ;'lgtfn] xh'/af / xh'/cfdfaf6 syf ;'Gg kfPsL lyOg .
-u_ 8f= sdnn] ;'lgtf / ljb'/nfO{ syf eGg nufP .

G] b|
-3_ sdnn] syf eGg ;'? u/] .
@= syfsf] t];f| ] cg'R5]b ;'g/] tn ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M

s
-s_ ;Ltfk'/ ufp“ sxf“ lyof] <
f;
-v_ To; ufp“sf dflg;x¿sf] k];f s] lyof] <
-u_ pgLx¿ ls;fgLafx]s c¿ s] sfd uy]{ <
js
-3_ ufp“nx] ¿ g'gt]n / n'ufkmf6fsf] hf]/hfd s;/L uy]{ <
-ª_ ‘g'gt]n’ / ‘n'ufkmf6f]’ zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ .
dl

#= tnsf] cg'R5]b ;'g/] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M

afUdtL c~rnsf] k"jl{ t/ hgsk'/ c~rn k5{ . bf]nvf ToxL c~rnsf] kxf8L lhNnfsf] gfd
xf] . o; lhNnfdf k|l;b\w s]xL :ynx¿ 5g\ . g]kfnsf] l:jh/NofG8 dflgPsf] lh/L, Pl;ofsf]
o\ jm|

;dosf] dfks dflgPsf] uf}/Lzª\s/ lxdfn cflbn] ubf{ bf]nvfsf] k|l;b\lw lbg k|ltlbg
al9/x]sf] 5 . To;sf ;fy} ko{6gsf b[li6n] dxTTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] sflnGrf]s, wfld{s ko{6gsf
b[li6n] dxTTjk"0f{ bf]nvf eLd;]g, g]kfns} ;aeGbf 7'nf] hn ljb\ot' \ cfof]hgf ePsf] tfdfsf];L
kf7

h:tf s'/fn] klg bf]nvf k|l;b\w g} 5 . To;sf cltl/St lh/]n, ;'/n] , yfdL h:tf ljljw
hfltsf] cflbe"ld klg bf]nvf g} xf] .
-s_ bf]nvf sxf“ k5{ <
-v_ bf]nvf lsg k|l;b\w 5 <
-u_ uf}/Lzª\s/ lxdfnsf] ljlzi6tf s]df /x]sf] 5 <
-3_ g]kfnsf] ;aeGbf 7'nf] hn ljb\ot' \ cfof]hgfsf] gfd s] xf] <
-ª_ bf]nvf s'g s'g hfltsf] cflb ynf] xf] <

104 g]kfnL M sIff (

 af]nfO
!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] l7s pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M
;b/d'sfd, b'bz
{ f, b'ul{ t, 7\ofSs}, 7]sb] f/
@= syfdf n]vsn] Pp6f ul/a 6'x/' f] s]6f] 8fS6/ ag]sf] b]vfP/ s'g s'/f l;b\w ug{ vf]hs ] f x'g\
eGg] af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ . 5nkmnkl5sf] lgisif{nfO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
#= sf7df8f}d“ f 3/]n' sfdbf/ ag]sf pu]g{ / k|ldnfsf] b'w lsGg] k;ndf e]6 x'G5 . pgLx¿n]
cfk"mn] sfd ug]{ 3/df cfk"mx¿k|lt x'g] Jojxf/sf af/]df ug]{ s'/fsfgL n]vL xfpefp;lxt
sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .

G] b|
$= tkfO{“+ cfk"mnfO{ eljiodf s:tf] agfpg rfxg'xG' 5 < o; af/]df a'b“ f agfpg'xf];\ / sIffdf k|:t't

s
ug'x{ f];\ .
k9fO

f;
!= tnsf zAb;“u To;d'lgsf jfSodf lbOPsf /]vfª\lst zAbsf] cy{ vf]hL hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
a]xfn, elTsPsf], lahf]u, afbnn] 9flsPsf], hDdf ug]{ sfd
js
===== -s_ s]xL lbgb]lv afbn nfu]/ lbg w'lDdPsf] lyof] .
===== -v_ Tolt 6f9f;Dd k'u/] ufp“sf dflg;x¿ g'gt]n / n'ufkmf6fsf] hf]/hfd ug]{ ub{y] .
dl

===== -u_ To; 3/sf ls;fg / s]6fs]6Lx¿sf] larNnL eof] .

===== -3_ 3/sf] cj:yf etfe'ªu\ aGg k'Uof] .
o\ jm|

===== -ª_ p;}af6 cfh o:tf] b'ul{ t ePsf] lyof] .

@= cf7f}“ / gjf}“ cg'R5]bnfO{ ;:j/ jfrg ug'x{ f];\ / tL cg'R5]b k9\g slt ;do nfUof] lzIfs;“u
;f]Wg'xf];\ .
kf7

#= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M

g]kfnL ;dfhdf ev{/} dfq gof“kgsf s]xL ;ª\st] b]vf kg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf ePsf]
/fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf nflu klg k[i7e"ld tof/ eO/x]sf] 5 .
vf; u/L @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{gkl5 ;~rf/sf If]qdf Jofks ljsf; ePsf] 5 . g]kfn klg
Pp6} ufp“sf ¿kdf ljsl;t ePsf] ljZjsf] Pp6f cª\u ag]sf] 5 . ljZjdf ljsl;t 1fg
lj1fgsf x/]s cfofd;“u g]kfnLsf] kl/ro dfq geO{ 3lgi7tf;d]t al9;s]sf] 5 . ;dfhdf
cg]sg\ lje]bdf k/]sf hg ;d'bfo klg ;f]xL sf/0fn] 6f7faf7f alg/x]sf 5g\ . o; j|mddf
g]kfnLx¿ kof{Kt dfqfdf JolStjfbL klg alg/x]sf 5g\ . :jfy{sf] efjgfn] dflg;nfO{ JolStjfbL
agfp“5 . of] k"jL{o ;Eotfsf] ljk/Lt cfr/0f xf] . c;n s'/fsf] ;fy nfu]/ v/fa s'/f klg
lelq“bf /x]5g\ .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 105
 -s_ g]kfnL ;dfhdf s]sf nflu k[i7e"ld tof/ eO/x]sf] 5 <
-v_ clxn] ljZjsf] :j¿k s:tf] ag]sf] 5 <
-u_ s:tf dflg;df kl/jt{g cfpg yfn]sf] 5 <
-3_ ;~rf/sf] clws ljsf;n] b]vf k/]sf g/fd|f s'/f s] x'g\ <
-ª_ ‘k[i7e"ld’ / ‘cfofd’ zAbx¿sf] cy{ zAbsf]zsf] k|of]u u/]/ n]Vg'xf];\ .
$= syfaf6 d'Vo d'Vo 5 cf]6f 36gfnfO{ j|md ldnfP/ l6Kg'xf];\ .

G] b|
n]vfO

s
!= syf k9L tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ afn aflnsf 3/df a:bfsf] ;do s;/L latfpg rfxG5g\ <
f;
-v_ ;'lgtfn] s] u'gf;f] u/L <
js
-u_ afn aflnsfsf] rl/q lgdf{0fdf cleefjssf] e"ldsf s:tf] x'gk' 5{ <
-3_ ls;fgsf] 3/sf] cj:yf lsg etfe'ªu\ ag]sf] lyof] <
dl

-ª_ ls;fgn] 5f]/fnfO{ ufnL ug's

{ f k5fl8sf] dd{ s] lyof] <
@= syfsf] t]/f}“ cg'R5]baf6 rf/ cf]6f d'Vo d'Vo a'b“ f l6kL ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ .
o\ jm|

#= syfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] d"n efjsf] ljZn]if0f ug'x{ f];\ .

$= JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M
kf7

-s_ ;a} b'bz

{ f vk]/ eP klg pm ljb\ofnodf k9\bYof] / cfk\mgf afa';u“ 3/df g} a:Yof] .
-v_ k};f sdfpg] sfd pgsf nflu si6s/ lyof] .
%= 8fS6/ sdnn] cfÇÇgf] JolStTj lgdf{0fsf j|mddf u/]sf ;ª\3if{af/] cfÇÇgf] wf/0ff n]Vg'xf];\ .
^= ‘ul/aLaf6 d'lSt’ zLif{sdf Pp6f cg'R5]b /rgf ug'x{ f];\ .
&= ‘dflg;n] k"0f{ ;dlk{t ePkl5 dfq} ;f“rf] cy{df nIo xfl;n ug{ ;S5’ eGg] zLif{sdf ;j{ky| d
lzIfsaf6 a'b“ fx¿ k|fKt ug'x{ f];\ . lzIfsaf6 k|fKt a'b“ fnfO{ syfsf ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ .

106 g]kfnL M sIff (

 Jofs/0f
!= tnsf s[t\ k|Too nufO{ b'O{ b'O{ cf]6f zAb agfpg'xf];\ M
pbfx/0f M ;'g\ ± cfO = ;'gfO
cSs8, pjf, Onf], cGt, cf]6, g', cfn', cs
@= tnsf tb\lwt k|Tooåf/f b'O{ b'O{ zAb lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ M
pbfx/0f M n]s ± cfnL = n]sfnL

G] b|
cfnL, Onf], PnL, cfxf, tJo, pjf, tf, lt, cfn', O{, P, cf}gf

s
#= tnsf zAbx¿dWo]af6 s[bGt / tb\lwtfGt zAb 5'6o\ fP/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
vfP/, a'emSs8, v]Nb}, bofn', af]n/] , kf]v/]nL, gful/s, r'gfp, ls6fg, kf]l;nf], oxL, v]nf8L,

f;
xf/]sf], y'gj' f, agfj6, xf]l;of/, g'lgnf], leIf's, vfg, v]n/] , lx“8b\ ,} ;xl/of, km6fxf
$= tn lbOPsf zAbx¿sf] lgdf{0f k|lj|mof b]vfO{ ltgnfO{ s[bGt jf tb\lwtfGt b'O{ ;d"xdf ljefhg
js
ug'x{ f];\ M
rlDsnf], ;'Gb/tf, ufp“n,] lxdfnL, /f]kfO“, le8Gt, km6fxf, b'wfn', duGt], c+lzof/, af]nSs8,
dl

kxfl8of, v]nf8L, nfut, kj|mfp, h'gn] L, h8fg, kf]l;nf], dltof/, a9'jf, g'lgnf], ld;fj6,
enfO
%= tnsf cg'R5]b k9L sfnsf ck"0f{ kIf klxrfg ug'x{ f];\ M
o\ jm|

d lj= ;+= @)&@ ;fn a}zffv !@ sf lbg af6fdf lx“8b\ } lyP“ . 3fd nflu/x]sf] lyof] . PSsfl;
dflg;x¿ sf]sf]xf]nf] ul//x]sf b]lvP . xfjf rln/x]sf] lyof] . jftfj/0f wldln“b} lyof] .
Ps ayfg r/f gld7f] cfjfh lgsfn]/ p8\b} lyP . dflg;x¿ sf]xL ple“b} lyP eg] sf]xL
kf7

rflx“ af6fsf lardf g} a:b} lyP . cufl8sf] Pp6f 3/ eTs“b} lyof] . Toltv]/ e'Or“ fnf] cfp“b}
lyof] .
cfh 7'nf] e'Or
“ fnf] cfPsf] bf];f| ] lbg dfq x'b“ } 5 . dflg;x¿ rf}/df kfn 6f“Ub} 5g\ . 8f]Ndf
lsnf 7f]Sb} l5g\ . sNkgf kfn cf];fb}{ l5g\ eg] ;Ltf kfgL af“8b\ } l5g\ . ljZjgfy sfdsf]
{ g lbO/x]sf 5g\ . lgd{nf rflx“ ;fdfgsf] /vjf/L ub}{ l5g\ . d rflx“ e'Or
lgb]z “ fnf]df 3/ eTs“bf
uf]8f ef“lrPsfn] Ps} 7fp“df a;]/ ;a}n] sfd u/]sf] x]b{} 5' .
Ps dlxgfkl5 t xfdL h:tfsf] 5fgf xfn]/ c:yfoL 6x/f agfp“b} x'g] 5f}“ . aRrfx¿ ljb\ofno
hf“b} x'g] 5g\ . e'Or
“ fnfsf sf/0fn] aGb ePsf ljb\ofnox¿ klg v'Nb} x'g] 5g\ . To;}n] d eg]
l;Gw'kfNrf]s k'Ub} x'g] 5' .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 107
^= lxhf]sf] o;} ;dodf tkfO{s
“ f] kl/jf/sf s'g s'g ;b:ox¿ s] s] ub}{ lyP < ck"0f{ e"t sfnsf]
k|of]u u/L b; jfSodf j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .
&= jt{dfg ;dodf tkfO{s“ f sf] sf] ;fyLx¿ s] s] ub}{ 5g\ < ck"0f{ jt{dfg sfnsf] k|of]u u/L kf“r
cf]6f jfSo lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ .
*= ef]lnsf] o;} ;dodf tkfO{“ s] ub}{ x'gx' g' ] 5, cg'dfg ug'x{ f];\ / ck"0f{ eljiot\ sfnsf] k|of]u
u/L kf“r cf]6f jfSosf] Pp6f cg'R5]b lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ .
l;h{gfTds sfo{

G] b|
!= 8fS6/ sdnsf bfh' / lbbLsf] clxn]sf] cj:yfsf] cg'dfg u/L j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .

s
@= lzIff cfh{gdf ul/aLn] kfg]{ k|efjsf af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn u/L a'b“ f tof/ ug'x{ f];\ / ltg}sf
cfwf/df Pp6f syf n]Vg'xf];\ .
f;
js
dl
o\ jm|
kf7

108 g]kfnL M sIff (

 kf7 !@ cfª ;fg ;'sL

!= æ;+;f/sf ;a} dflg;n] :jtGqtfsf

cfwf/e"t s'/f rfx]s
] f x'G5g\, rfx] ltgLx¿
laNs'n} leGg ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf
af“rs
] f lsg gx'g\ .Æ
@= dflysf] egfO gf]an] zflGt k'/:sf/ ljh]tf
cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] xf] . pgL dWo Dofgdf/

G] b|
-adf{_ sf] gfTd's eGg] 7fp“df ;g\ !($%
h'g !( df hGd]sL x'g\ . pgsf afa'sf]

s
gfd cfª ;fg / cfdfsf] gfd bf lvg sL
xf] . pgsf afa' cfª ;fgn] Dofgdf/nfO{
;g\ !($& df a]nfotsf] pklgj]zaf6
f;
d'St ug]{ sfo{df dWo:ytf u/]sf lyP .
pgL Toxf“sf] /fli6«o ;]gfsf ;+:yfks
js
klg lyP . o;}n] ad]{nLx¿ pgnfO{
:jtGqtfsf lktf dfG5g\ / /fli6«o
lje"ltsf ¿kdf ;Ddfg u5{g\ . pgsf] xTof ;g\ !($& h'nfO{ !( df eof] . pgsL cfdf bf
dl

lvg sL rflx“ /fhb"t eO{ ;g\ !(^) df ef/t / g]kfnsf] /fhb"t ePsL lyOg\ . To;} j|mddf
pgL g]kfn klg cfPsL lyOg\ . ;'sLsf b'O{ hgf bfh' lyP . h]7f bfh' cfª ;fg pn] cd]l/sfdf
u[x:yL u/] eg] sfG5f cfª ;fg lngsf] rflx“ gf} jif{s} pd]/df kfgLdf 8'a/] d[To' eof] .
o\ jm|

#= cfª ;fg ;'sL cfkm\gf] b]z, hgtf / k|hftGq tyf dfgj clwsf/sf nflu u/]sf] Tofu, tk:of
/ ;ª\3if{s} sf/0f ljZjd} kl/lrt l5g\ . pgL dxfTdf ufGwL h:t} clx+;fsf] /fhgLlt ug]{
dxfg\ dlxnf x'g\ . pgL ;fg}bl] v zfGt :jefjsL lyOg\ . pgL cg'zf;gk"0f{ hLjg af“Rg dg
kf7

k/fp“l5g\ . pgsf] cf}krfl/s lzIff dWo ofª\ug' -/ª\ug' _ l:yt ;]G6 k|mfG;]; sGe]G6 :s'naf6
k|f/De eof] . pgn] Toxf“sf] d]yl8:6 Oª\ln; xfO:s'ndf klg s]xL jif{ cWoog ul/g\ . ;'sLdf
;fg}bl] v cWoogk|lt ljz]if cle?lr lyof] . gf} jif{sf] pd]/b]lv g} pgL ;flxlTos lstfa k9\g]
/ lgoldt b}lgsL n]Vg] uly{g\ . b}lgsL n]Vbf pgL cfkm"n] k9]sf lstfasf af/]df klg l6Kk0fL

zAbfy{
cfwf/e"t M d"ne"t
lje"lt M /fi6«sf] ;j{dfGo JolSt
l6Kk0fL M k|ltlj|mof

g]kfnL M sIff ( 109

 uly{g\ . pgL To; a]nfb]lv g} eujfg\ a'bw\ sf] k|fy{gf uly{g\ . a'bw\ sf]] Tofu, ;dk{0f / 1fgdf
pgsf] 7'nf] ljZjf; 5 . pgdf cfbz{ ljrf/ 5, pgL ljrf/zLn gf/L x'g\ . pgsf ljrf/nfO{
cfWoflTds, ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts u/L ltg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . To;df klg clxn]
pgsf] hLjg /fhgLltdo ag]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts ;ª\s6af6 b]znfO{ d'St ug{ pgL cxf]/fq
;ª\3if{zLn l5g\ .
$= Dofgdf/ ;g\ !($* sf] cS6f]a/df la|l6; pklgj]zaf6 :jtGq eof] . To;kl5 klg b]zsf]
cj:yfdf vf;} ;'wf/ x'g ;s]g . Pp6f ;Ifd ;/sf/ / ;zSt g]tT[ jsf cefjn] ubf{ b]z
o'bw\ / ul/aLn] u|:t eof] . ;/sf/n] s'g} lgod sfg'gnfO{ nfu' ug{ klg ;]gf g} kl/rfng
ug'k{ ¥of] . k|wfg dGqL p g'n] ;g\ !(%* df cfk\mgf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ ;]gfnfO{ lhDdf

G] b|
nufP . b]zdf s]xL cdgr}g sfod ePkl5 ;g\ !(^) df ;]gf Aof/]sdf kmls{of] . ToxL jif{
;'sLsL cfdf bf lvg sL ef/t / g]kfnsf nflu /fhb"t eOg\ .

s
%= bf lvg sLn] cfk"m lbNnL cfp“bf 5f]/L cfª ;fg ;'sLnfO{ klg ;fyd} NofOg\ . ;'sLsf] k9fO
ca lbNnLsf ljb\ofnodf g} x'g] eof] . ;'sLn] lbNnLl:yt sGe]G6 h];; / sGe]G6 d]/L :s'naf6
f;
ljb\ofnosf] k9fO k'/f ul/g\ . clg pgL lbNnLs} n]8L >L/fd sn]hdf egf{ eOg\ . snf,
;+:s[ltdf cle?lr /fVg] ;'sL Toxf“ gf6s sfo{jm| ddf klg efu lng] uly{g\ . pgn] To; sn]hdf
js
;g\ !(^$ ;Dd /fhgLlt zf:qsf] cWoog ul/g\ . cfª ;fg ;'sL lbNnLdf /x“bf cfkm\gf] b]zsL
/fhgLltsf af/]df klg ljz]if hfgsf/L /fVg] uly{g\ . ;}lgs k|dv ' g] ljgaf6 adf{ ;ª\3sf]
cv08tfsf] axfgfdf ;g\ !(^@ df km]l/ ;}lgs zf;g nfu' eof] . pgn] tTsfnLg p g'sf]
k|hftflGqs ;/sf/ / b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts ultljlwdf g} k|ltaGw nufP . of] sfd pgn]
dl

lagf /Stkft ;DkGg t u/] t/ of] sfo{ Oltxf;d} /fi6« 3fts xf] eGg] s'/f ;'sLnfO{ Tolt a]n}
nfu]sf] lyof] .
^= cfª ;fg ;'sL ;g\ !(^$ kl5 pRr txsf] cWoogsf nflu a]nfotsf] /fhwfgL nG8g
o\ jm|

uOg\ . pgn] Toxf“sf] cS;kmf]8{ l:yt ;]G6 xu sn]hdf /fhgLlt zf:qsf ;fy} bz{g zf:q /
cy{zf:q klg kl9g\ . pgn] Toxf“s} nG8g ljZj ljb\ofnosf] :s'n ckm cf]l/PG6n PG8
kf7

zAbfy{
;dk{0f M ;'lDkg] sfd
cxf]/fq M lbg/ft
sfo{sf/L M sfd ug]{
cv08tf M Ps x'gfsf] cj:yf
axfgf M b]vfj6L, lgx'“
3fts M 3ft ug],{ xflg ug]{
zf:q M u|Gy, lj1fg
cjnDag M kfngf
110 g]kfnL M sIff (
 clk|msg :6l8haf6 cfw'lgs ad{n] L ;flxTodf Pd= lkmn= klg ul/g\ . cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] nueu
c9fO bzs ;do b]zaflx/ lat]sf] 5 . ;g\ !(^( b]lv !(&@ ;Dd pgn] cd]l/sfsf] Go'of]s{
cjl:yt ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] sfof{nodf hflu/ vfOg\ . a]nfotL gful/s dfOsn Pl/;;“u
;g\ !(&@ sf] hgj/Ldf pgsf] ljjfx eof] . ljjfxkl5 pgn] ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] hflu/
5fl8g\ . pgsf cn]Sh]G8/ Pl/; / lsd Pl/; gfds b'O{ 5f]/f hGd] . pgn] cfk\mgf
5f]/fx¿nfO{ ad]n{ L ;+:sf/cg';f/ g} kfng kf]if0f ul/g\ / af}bw\ wd{ tyf k/Dk/f cjnDag
ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ clek|l] /t ul/g\ . pgsf >Ldfg\ dfOsn Pl/; klg lxdfnL ;+:s[lt, Pl;ofnL
g}lts d"No / ltAatL ;Eotf dg k/fp“y] . pgL ltAatsf] af}bw\ wd{ / af}bw\ bz{gsf ljz]if
1ftf lyP .

G] b|
&= cfª ;fg ;'sLn] >Ldfg\sf ;fydf g]kfn, e'6fg, ltAat, hfkfg / ef/tsf lxdfnL If]qsf]
e|d0f ul/g\ . pgn] Toxf“sf] ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts cj:yfsf] cg'ej klg xfl;n

s
ul/g\ . pgsf] e|d0fsf] k|dv
' pb\bZ] o eg] af}bw\ ;+:s[lt / wd{sf af/]df ljz]if 1fg xfl;n ug'{
lyof] . o; l;nl;nfdf >Ldfg\ / 5f]/f cn]Sh]G8/ / Pl/;nfO{ ;fydf lnO{ pgL s]xL ;do
Dofgdf/df /lxg\ . cfdf bf lvg sL klg ;g\ !(^& kl5 cfkm\g} 3/df lyOg\ . ;'sLn] To; a]nf
f;
;}lgs ;/sf/;“u ?i6 JolSt, /fhgLlt1, ;]jfaf6 avf{:t clwsf/L / Dofgdf/ l:yt ljb]zL
s'6gLlt1;“u e]63f6 ul/g\ . e]63f6sf j|mddf pgn] b]zsf] /fhgLlts ljifodf
js
s'/fsfgL ul/g\ .
*= ljleGg b]zx¿sf] cWoog e|d0fkl5 cfª ;fg ;'sL nG8gdf /lxg\ . Toxf“ /x“bf pgn] cfk\mgf
5f]/fx¿sf] k9fOdf Wofg lbOg\ . o;} cj;/df pgn] ofqf ;+:d/0fsf ¿kdf n]6;\ lelh6
dl

g]kfn, n]6;\ lelh6 e'6fg / n]6;\ lelh6 hfkfg gfdsf afnf]kof]uL s[ltx¿ n]lvg\ . pgn]
cfkm\gf a'af cfª ;fgsf] hLjgL c:6«l] nofaf6 k|sfzg ul/g\ . To;kl5 pgn] lgaGwsf/ xu
l/rf8{;gsf ltAat / af}bw\ wd{ ;DaGwL lgaGwx¿ ;ª\sng u/L ltgnfO{ ;ª\ux| sf ¿kdf
o\ jm|

k|sfzg ul/g\ . pgn] cS;kmf]8s{ f] rlr{t k':tsfno ‘af]l8og’ df ad]n{ L ;flxTosf] ;ª\sng
x]g{] u/L sfd klg ul/g\ .
kf7

(= cfª ;fg ;'sL ;a} sfdnfO{ plTts} dxTTj lblGyg\ / ;fg}bl] v sfd ug{df pgL c;fWo} /dfOnf]
dflGyg\ . Dofgdf/df uP/ /fhgLlt ug'k{ g]{ s'/fk|lt eg] pgL hxf“ h:tf] cj:yfdf x'b“ f klg
ljrf/ uly{g\ . Dofgdf/sf] /fhgLltdf ljz]if rf;f] /fVg]x¿ ljrf/ ljdz{sf nflu pgL sxf“

zAbfy{
cjnDag M u|x0f, wf/0f
d"No M dxTTj, ul/df, dlxdf
s'6gLlt1 M kf/:kl/s ;DaGw sfod ug{ hfGg] JolSt
s[lt M k':ts, /rgf
ljdz{ M 5nkmn, k/fdz{
g]kfnL M sIff ( 111
 cfp“y] / ;}lgs ;/sf/nfO{ ufnL uy]{ . of] k|jl[ Tt ;'sLnfO{ Tolt pko'St nfUb}gYof] . ‘aflx/
a;]/ b]z rnfpg]nfO{ ufnL ug'e{ Gbf ToxL“ a;]/ b]z agfpg] cleofgdf nfUg'k5{’ eGg] pgsf]
ljrf/ lyof] . pgn] adf{sf] :jtGqtf ;ª\uf| dsf af/]df hfkfgdf /x]/ cg';Gwfgd"ns cWoog
ug]{ cj;/ klg k|fKt ul/g\ . Dofgdf/sf] /fhgLltk|lt a9L bfloTj af]w klg pgnfO{ hfkfgdf
cWoog ubf{ g} eof] .
!)= cfª ;fg ;'sL ;g\ !(** df la/fdL cfdfsf] x]/rfx ug{ cfkm\gf] b]z Dofgdf/ cfOg\ . To;
a]nf b]zdf ;}lgs zf;gsf] lj/f]wdf k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngn] pu| ¿k lnPsf] lyof] . k|hftGqsf
kIfw/ xhf/f}“ ljb\ofyL{n] cfGbf]ngdf Hofg u'dfPsf lyP . pgsf nflu cfdfsf] cj:yfeGbf
b]zsf] b'bz
{ f a9L kL8f bfos aGof] . o;}n] b]zsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf pgL ;dflxt

G] b|
eOg\ . /fhwfgL l:yt :j]8fug Kofuf]8f kl/;/df pgn] ;g\ !(** cu:t * df P]ltxfl;s
hge]nfnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ k|hftflGqs ;/sf/sf] k'ga{xfnLsf nflu Psh'6 x'g ;a}nfO{

s
cfx\jfg ul/g\ . cfk"m /fhgLltdf k|jz] u/]sf] 3f]if0ff klg pgn] ToxL“ ;'gfOg\ . o;kl5 b]z,
k|hftGq / hgtfsf lxtdf pgL olt bTtlrTt eOg\ ls pgsf ;Dk"0f{ lj|mofsnfkx¿ ch'g{ b[li6
h:t} o;} ;DaGwdf s]lGb|t eP .
f;
!!= cfª ;fg ;'sLn] @$ ;]K6]Da/ !(** df ‘g];gn lnu km/ 8]df]jm]| ;L’ gfds /fhgLlts bn
js
u7g ul/g\ . o;sf] g]tT[ j pgL cfk}m“ n] lnOg\ . o; bnn] dxfTdf ufGwL / a'bw\ sf] clx+;fjfbL
l;b\wfGt cjnDag ug]{ gLlt lnof] . o; bnsf] d'Vo pb\bZ] o b]zdf k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfb
nfu' ug'{ xf] . o;} pb\bZ] o / gLltsf cfwf/df hgtfnfO{ b]zsf] cj:yfk|lt ;r]t ug{ b]zsf
ljleGg efudf uP/ pgn] efif0f ul/g\ . pgL ;g\ !(^@ df ;}lgs zf;g nfu' x'b“ fb]lv g}
dl

To;sf] lj/f]wdf plePsL lyOg\ . ;}lgs ;/sf/n] pgnfO{ ;d'bfosf] zflGt / :yfloTjdf
vnn k'¥ofpg] sfo{ u/]sf] eGg] cf/f]k nufof] / h'nfO{ @), !(*( df pgs} 3/df
gh/aGb u¥of] .
o\ jm|

!@= Dofgdf/sf hgtfn] k6s k6s ePsf] lgjf{rgdf nf]stGq / dfgj clwsf/sf kIfdf pRr
hgdt k|bz{g u/]sf lyP . Toxf“sf] ;}lgs zf;s eg] Tof] hgdt sfof{Gjog ug{ tTk/
kf7

ePg . ;}lgs ;/sf/n] cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] g]tT[ jdf ePsf] ;3g, Jofks / k|efjsf/L
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;fDo kfg{ ;g\ !(() df cfd lgjf{rg t u/fof] . ;'sLn] g]tT[ j u/]sf]
hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ ;Ttf eg] x:tfGt/0f u/]g . o;af6 ;'sLsf kIfdf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf

zAbfy{
bfloTj M st{Jo, lhDd]jf/L
b'bz
{ f M v/fa cj:yf
cfx\jfg M clkn, cfu|x
ch'g{ b[li6 M ch'g{ sf] h:tf] b[li6
gh/aGb M tf]ss ] f] 7fp“af6 aflx/ lg:sgdf k|ltaGw
112 g]kfnL M sIff (
 Jofks hgdt tof/ eof] . To;n] ;}lgs ;/sf/sf] 7'nf] eT;{gf u¥of], o;nfO{ klg ;}lgs
;/sf/n] ;'gg] . k|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/ / zflGtk|lt cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] ljrf/ / lgi7fnfO{
sb/ ub}{ ;g\ !((! df pgnfO{ gf]an] zflGt k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/of] . pgn] o; k'/:sf/sf]
/flz !# nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ Dofgdf/sf hgtfsf] lzIff / :jf:Yodf vr{ ug]{ u/L 6«:6nfO{
k|bfg ul/g\ . gh/aGbsf] hLjgnfO{ w}ok{ j" s
{ Joltt ug{ o; k'/:sf/n] pgnfO{ ;xof]u
u¥of] . o;n] Dofgdf/k|lt ljZjsf] Wofgfsif{0f klg u/fof] .
!#= cfª ;fg ;'sL k6s k6s u/L sl/a @! jif{ gh/aGb eOg\ . gh/aGbdf /x“bf pgn] cfkm\gf
:jb]zL ;dy{s / cGt/f{li6«o z'e lrGts;“u e]63f6 / s'/fsfgL ug{;d]t kfOgg\ . kqsf/
tyf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;d]t e]6 ug{ lbOPg . pgsf >Ldfg\ dfOsn Pl/;sf] SofG;/

G] b|
/f]uaf6 ;g\ !((( df d[To' eof] . ;fgf] 3]/fdf 7'nf] ;}lgs le8 v8f u/]/ pgnfO{ gh/aGbdf
/flvPsf] lyof] . Dofgdf/sf] ;]gf ;dly{t h'Gtf ;/sf/n] pgnfO{ /fhgLltaf6 kfvf nufpg

s
cg]s pkfo ckgfof] . pgL eg] k|hftGqsf] kIfdf cl8u eO{ /lxg\ .
!$= Dofgdf/df ;g\ @)!) df ;]gf ;dly{t /fi6«klt lyPgg\, To;n] ubf{ Toxf“ s]xL /fhgLlts
;'wf/sf] k|f/De eof] . o; l;nl;nfdf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o b'j} tkm{af6 cfª ;fg ;'sLnfO{
f;
l/xf u/fpg e/dUb'/ k|of; eof] . ;'sLn] klg gh/aGbdf /x“bf ;}lgs ;/sf/n] nfu' u/]sf
lgod k"0f{ kfng u/L cbfntn] tf]ss ] f] gh/aGbsf] cjlw;d]t e'Stfg u/]sL lyOg\ . kmn:j¿k
js
!# gf]eD] a/ @)!) df pgLnufot ;a} /fhgLlts aGbLnfO{ l/xf ug{ ;}lgs ;/sf/ afWo
eof] . ;}lgs ;/sf/n] /fhgLlts bndflysf] k|ltaGw klg x6fof] / ljb]zdf /x]sf /fhgLlts
z/0ffyL{nfO{ ;d]t dfkmL lbof] . b]zdf k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog eO{ g;s]sf
dl

sf/0f k|ltkIfL g]ts

[ f ¿kdf cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] ;ª\3if{ clxn] klg plTts} hf/L 5 .
!%= g]kfndf cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] kl5Nnf] e|d0f ;g\ @)!$ h'g !# df eof] . To; cj;/df pgn]
;+ljwfg ;efdf ;ef;b\nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wg k|lj|mof ;/n x'gk' g]{ s'/f JoSt
o\ jm|

ul/g\ . e|d0fsf] To; cj;/df pgL gful/s clegGbgsf ;fy} l8NnL/d0f /]UdL cGt/f{li6«o
zflGt k'/:sf/n] ;Ddflgt klg eOg\ . pgL ljZj ;d'bfodf pbfx/0fLo gf/L JolStTjsf ¿kdf
:yflkt ePsL 5g\ .
kf7

zAbfy{
eT;{gf M lgGbf, ufnL
lgi7f M cf:yf, >b\wf
/flz M /sd, cª\s
l/xf M d'lSt
k|ltaGw M aGb]h, /f]s
;ef;b\ M kl/ifb\sf ;b:o
;+zf]wg M ;'wf/
clegGbg M ;Tsf/, ;Ddfg
g]kfnL M sIff ( 113
 cEof;
;'gfO
!= kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / lgDg lnlvt k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ eGg'xf];\ M
-s_ cfª ;fg ;'sL slxn] sxf“ hlGdOg\ <
-v_ cfª ;fg / cfª ;fg p ss;sf] gfd xf] <
-u_ bf lvg sL sxf“sf nflu /fhb"t eOg\ <
-3_ cfª ;fg ;'sLsf sfG5f bfh' s;/L d/] <

G] b|
-ª_ ad]n{ Lx¿ s;nfO{ :jtGqtfsf lktf eG5g\ <

s
@= kf7sf] rf}yf] tyf kf“rf}“ cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / lgDg lnlvt egfOdf s'g l7s / s'g a]l7s
5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M
-s_ Dofgdf/ ;g\ !($* df hfkfgaf6 :jtGq ePsf] xf] .
f;
-v_ Dofgdf/df ;}lgs zf;g ;g !(^@ af6 nfu' ePsf] lyof] .
js
-u_ cfª ;fg ;'sL ;g\ !(^) df cfdf;“u lbNnL cfOg\ .
-3_ ;g\ !(%* df Dofgdf/sf k|wfg dGqL g] lag lyP .
-ª_ cfª ;fg ;'sL lbNnLdf /x“bf klg Dofgdf/sf] /fhgLltsf af/]df hfgsf/L /flVyg\ .
dl

#= kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5]bsf] >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .

af]nfO
o\ jm|

!= lzIfssf lgb]z
{ gdf lgDg lnlvt zAbx¿sf] z'bw\ ;“u pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M
:jtGqtf, sfof{Gjog, k|hftGq, :yfloTj, k|ltaGw, cGt/f{li6«o, z/0ffyL{
kf7

@= kf7sf] klxnf] cg'R5]bsf] cfzo df}lvs ¿kdf ljZn]if0f ug'x{ f];\ .

#= kf7sf] kf“rf}“ tyf 5}6f}“ cg'R5]bsf cfwf/df lgDg lnlvt k|Zgsf] pTt/ df}lvs ¿kdf lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ cfª ;fg ;'sLn] lbNnLsf s'g s'g :s'ndf kl9g\ <
-v_ n]8L >L/fd sn]hdf ;'sLn] s'g ljifo slxn];Dd kl9g\ <
-u_ ;'sL n]8L >L/fd sn]hdf k9\bf s'g sfo{jm| ddf efu lnlGyg\ <
-3_ cfª ;fg ;'sLn] nG8gsf] ;]G6 xu sn]hdf s'g s'g ljifo kl9g\ <
-ª_ ;'sLn] s] ljifodf Pd=lkmn= u/]sL 5g\ <
114 g]kfnL M sIff (
$= cfª ;fg ;'sL dxfg\ dlxnf x'g\ eGg] af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
%= cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] hLjgL ;f/f+zdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
^= s'g} kl/lrt ;dfh ;]jLsf] hLjgLsf af/]df sIffdf s'/fsfgL ug'x{ f];\ .
k9fO
!= kf7sf cg'R5]bx¿ kfn}kfnf] ;:j/ jfrg ug'x{ f];\ .
@= kf7sf] P3f/f}“ cg'R5]b df}g k7g u/L Toxf“sf ljifo j:t'nfO{ a'b“ fsf ¿kdf l6kf]6 ug'x{ f];\ .
#= kf7sf] cf7f}“ tyf gjf}“ cg'R5]b k9\gx' f];\ / lgDg lnlvt k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M

G] b|
-s_ ;'sLsf afnf]kof]uL s[ltx¿ s'g s'g x'g\ <

s
-v_ ;'sLn] s;sf] hLjgL n]vs
] L 5g\ / Tof] sxf“af6 k|sfzg u/]sL x'g\ <
-u_ xu l/rf8{;g s'g ljwfsf n]vs x'g\ <
f;
-3_ cfª ;fg ;'sL nG8gsf] af]l8og k':tsfnodf s] sfd uly{g\ <
js
-ª_ cfª ;fg ;'sLnfO{ /fhgLlts JolStx¿sf] s:tf] gLlt dg kb}g{ <
$= tnsf /]vfª\lst zAbsf] cy{ sf]i7af6 5fGg'xf];\ M
dl

-s_ cfGbf]ngn] pu| ¿k lnPsf] lyof] . -ljzfn, rsf],{ w]/_}

-v_ ;'sLsf] cWoogk|lt ljz]if cle?lr lyof] . -k|/] 0ff, nIo, rfv_
-u_ cfª ;fgn] w]/} n8fO“ n8]sf lyP . -o'bw\ , cfGbf]ng, ljb|fx] _
o\ jm|

-3_ pgsf] ;Ddfg ;lxb tyf lje"ltsf ¿kdf x'G5 . -cledfg, dxTTj, cfb/_
%= kf7sf cfwf/df hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
kf7

;d"x -s_ ;d"x -v_

:jtGqtfsf lktf xu l/rf8{;g\
/fhb"t cfª ;fg ;'sL
gf]an] k'/:sf/ ljh]tf cfª ;fg
af}bw\ bz{gsf 1ftf g] lag
;}lgs k|dv
' dfOsn Pl/;g
Dofgdf/sf k|wfg dGqL p g'
lgaGwsf/ bf lvg sL
g]kfnL M sIff ( 115
 n]vfO
!= tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ ;ª\If]kdf n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] afNosfn ;DaGwL lrgf/L s] xf] <
-v_ ;'sL lbNnL /x“bfsf pNn]vgLo s'/fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-u_ cfª ;fg ;'sLn] cfk\mgf >Ldfg\;u“ s'g s'g b]zsf] e|d0f ul/g\ <
-3_ cfª ;fg ;'sLn] /fhgLltdf k|jz
] u/]sf] 3f]if0ff slxn] / lsg ul/g\ <

G] b|
-ª_ ;'sLsf] ‘gh/aGb’ hLjgn] Dofgdf/sf] /fhgLltdf s:tf] k|efj k¥of] <

s
-r_ g]kfn / cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] ;DaGw s'g ¿kdf ljsf; ePsf] 5 <
@= kf7sf] clGtd cg'R5]b cg'nv
] g ug'x{ f];\ .
f;
#= lgDg lnlvt pb\w/0fsf] JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ ;+;f/sf ;a} dflg;n] :jtGqtfsf cfwf/e"t s'/f rfx]sf x'G5g\, rfx] ltgLx¿ laNs'n}
js
leGg ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf af“rs
] f lsg gx'g\ .
-v_ aflx/ a;]/ b]z rnfpg]nfO{ ufnL ug'e{ Gbf ToxL“ a;]/ b]z agfpg] cleofgdf nfUg'k5{ .
dl

$= kf7df k|of]u ePsf lgDg lnlvt kfl/eflifs zAb / ltgsf cy{sf lardf hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
zAb ;d"x cy{ ;d"x
o\ jm|

sn] h ldq /fi6«sf nflu k7fOPsf] /fHosf] k|ltlglw

;/sf/ hLjg / hutnfO{ lrgfpg] ljb\of

kf7

k|hftGq pRr lzIff xfl;n ug]{ lzIf0f ;+:yf

;]gf /fHon] ;'/Iffsf nflu t}gfy u/]sf hjfgsf] ;d"x

pklgj]z hg k|ltlglwåf/f ul/g] zf;g Joj:yf

/fhb"t b]zsf] zf;g ;~rfng ug]{ /fHosf] dxTTjk"0f{ cª\u

bz{g zlStzfnL b]zn] cGo b]zdf cflwkTo hdfpg'

116 g]kfnL M sIff (

%= tnsf zAb kf7df vf]Hg'xf];\ / ltgnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ M
/fhgLlt, bzs, ;ª\3, sfof{no, ;flxTo, sfg'g, cleofg, cfGbf]ng, gh/aGb, ;dfhjfb
^= kf7sf cfwf/df cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] hLjgLdf 36]sf k|dv
' 36gfx¿sf] j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .
&= tnsf cg'R5]bdf /x]sf q'l6x¿ ;Rofpg'xf];\ M
Uofg lj1fgdf wlg Dof8d So'/Lsf] jLb\ofyL{ lhjg cy{ cefasf sf/0f lgs} s:6 do
lyof] . pgsf tL lbg c“Wof/f] lr/f] ;fgf] sf]7f df lrof lj:s'6sf e/df laTy] . pgnfO{ laZj
ljb\ofnosf] vr{ wfGg wf} wf} lyof] . plg w]/} sdhf]/Ln] d'5f{ ;d]t k/]sf lyP . t/ klg pgL

G] b|
lbg/ft cWoogdf Ao:t x'lGyg\ .

s
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf] tflnsfdf ;d:t zAbsf s]xL pbfx/0f 5g\ . tkfO{“ klg ljleGg kf7x¿af6 To:tf
;d:t zAb ;ª\sng u/L / lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ M
lju|x f;
;d:t zAb jfSodf k|of]u
js
5fq / 5fqf 5fq5fqf 5fq5fqf cg'zfl;t 5g\ .
b'O{ dgsf] ;d"x bf]dg pm 3/ hfg bf]dg u5{ .
dl

u'? cfdf u'?df u'?df ;a}nfO{ dfof ug'x{ G' 5 .

k|To]s lbg k|ltlbg ljb\ofyL{n] k|ltlbg k9\gk' 5{ .
o\ jm|

sd{ /lxt csd{s csd{s lj|mofn] sd{ ln“bg} .

sIffsf nflu sf]7f sIffsf]7f ljb\ofnodf b; sIffsf]7f 5g\ .
kf7

@= ;d:t zAbsf] lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ M

dfgf / kfyL – ================ ;fgL gfgL – ================

eflgh bfO – ================ /ftdf cGwf] – ================

nfdf sfg ePsf] – ================ af9Ln] kLl8t – ================

rf/ s'gf ePsf] – ================ cefjn] u|:t – ================

zlSt eP ;Dd – ================ nfh gePsf] – ================

g]kfnL M sIff ( 117
#= tnsf zAbx¿af6 ;d:t zAb dfq sfkLdf ;fg'x{ f];\ M
k|d] k"0f{, jgjf;, pksf/, hLjg wg, kfkk'0o, d'Vof{O,“ v} v}
$= tnsf ;d:t zAbnfO{ lju|x ug'x{ f];\ M
zlStxLg, gbLsf6, csfn, u|Gysf/, sfnLdf6L, efO alxgL, lbge/, jfl/kfl/, xfTtL kfOn],
lqj]0fL
%= pko'St pTt/df l7s -˜_ lrx\g lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ k"0f{ e"tsfnsf] jfSo s'g xf] <

G] b|
– slj sfJo n]V5g\ .

s
– sljn] sfJo n]vs
] f lyP .
– slj sljtf n]Vb} 5g\ .
f;
-v_ k"0f{ jt{dfg sfnsf] jfSo s'g xf] <
js
– el/ofn] ef/L af]Sof] .
– el/of ef/L af]S5 .
dl

– el/ofn] ef/L af]ss

] f] 5 .
-u_ k"0f{ eljiot\ sfnsf] jfSo s'g xf] <
o\ jm|

– ltdL b;}d“ f cfpg] 5f} .

– xfdLn] b;}d“ f lkª v]ns
] f x'g] 5f}“ .
kf7

– d}n] hf“rdf o;k6s /fd|f] u/]sf] 5' .

^= sf]i7sdf lbPsf] lgb]z
{ gsf cfwf/df jfSodf ePsf] vfnL 7fp“ eg'x{ f];\ M
-s_ n]sdf nfnL u'/f“; =================================== . -k'mn\ M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
-v_ cfh cfsf;df afbn ============================ . -nfu\ M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
-u_ ut jif{ w]/} ds} ============= . -kmn\ M k"0f{ e"t_
-3_ xfdLn] c;f/df /f]kfO“ ==================== . -u/\ M k"0f{ e"t_
-ª_ ltdL k/LIffdf ;kmn =============== . -x' M k"0f{ eljiot\_
118 g]kfnL M sIff (
&= pbfx/0fsf cfwf/df tnsf wft'af6 lj|mofkb agfpg'xf];\ M
pbfx/0f M hf M uPsf] lyof], uPsf] 5, uPsf] x'g] 5
w', ksfp, vf, g'xfp, ;'t,\ ?, 7f]ls, lsg\, a]r\
*= tnsf s[bGt zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ M
n]vs
] f, k9]sL, v]ns
] f], uPsL, p7]sf, lx“8s
] f], vg]sf, sf6]sL
(= cfk"mn] dgfPsf] rf8sf ;DaGwdf k"0f{ kIfsf lj|mofkb k|of]u u/L Ps cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .

G] b|
!)= tnsf] tflnsfdf ‘gfr’ wft'sf ljleGg ¿kx¿ k9\gx' f];\ / To;}cg';f/ tkfO{“ klg ‘hf’ wft'sf
¿kx¿ tof/ ug'x{ f];\ M

s
k'?if Ps jrg ax' jrg
s/0f cs/0f s/0f cs/0f
k|yd d gfR5' . f; d gflRbg“ . xfdL gfR5f}“ . xfdL gfRb}gf}“ .
js
låtLo t“ gfR5;\ . t“ gfRb}g;\ . ltdLx¿ gfR5f} . ltdLx¿ gfRb}gf} .
t“ gfR5];\ . t“ gflRbg;\ . tkfO{“÷x¿ gfRg'xG' 5 . tkfO{“÷x¿ gfRg'xG' g .
dl

ltdL gfR5f} . ltdL gfRb}gf} .

ltdL gfR5\of} . ltdL gflRbgf} .
o\ jm|

t[tLo pm gfR5 . pm gfRb}g . pgLx¿ gfR5g\ . pgLx¿ gfRb}gg\ .

pm gfR5] . pm gflRbg . pxf“÷x¿ gfRg'xG' 5 . pxf“÷x¿ gfRg'xG' g .
kf7

pgL gfR5g\ . pgL gfRb}gg\ .

pgL gflR5g\ . pgL gflRbgg\ .

!!= :qLlnª\uL lj|mofkbsf] k|of]u u/]/ dlxnf ;fyLsf af/]df Ps cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .
kl/of]hgf sfo{
!= cfk\mgf Ps hgf lgj[Tt lzIfssf u'0fbf]if;d]t cf}N“ ofO{ hLjgL tof/ ug'x{ f];\ .
@= tkfO{s
“ f] ufp“3/s} dlxnf ;dfh ;]jLsf] hLjgL pgL;“u g} ;f]w/] n]Vg'xf];\ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 119

 kf7 !# ;o /ª OGb|g
] L

jf;'bj] lqkf7L
ufp“ d]/} ;x/ d]/} d}n] /Rg] ;'v g} xf]
d}n] Ho'g“ ] kf}/v ug]{ o} b]z o} ;dfh g} xf]
cf“;' gxf];\ kL8f gxf];\ d':s'/fp“bf hLjg ld7f]
ldnLh'nL Ho'b“ f v]l/ e/f];fsf] /; ld7f] . ! .

G] b|
hxf“ km'Nof] ;okqL xhf/L km'n Toxf“ km'Nof]

s
dflg;sf] l;h{gfdf ;dfh xf] slt 7'nf]
ef/fkd{ P]r“ f]kr“} f] cf“6f]lk7f] l;:gf] ld7f]
h;sf] 3/df h] kfSof] Tof] cd[teGbf ld7f] .@ .
f;
s] xf] ;fOgf] atfOb]pm uf}/f ;Ltf e[s6' Lsf]
;nx]z km'naf/L a'bw\ hgs pkjg of]
js
d~h'>Lsf] onDa/sf] /rgfsf] /; ld7f]
efjgfn] leh]kl5 h'g} s'/f klg ld7f] . # .
dl

cfo{ dª\uf]n v; ls/ft yf? ofbj z"/jL/sf]

kfOnfsf] 8f]a Kof/f] uf]vf{ hflt ljZjjL/sf]
;of}“ hflt y/ kf5f ldnLh'nL kf}/v ld7f]
lbnsf] dfof df]x ld7f] ;dfhsf] ;fOgf] ld7f] . $ .
o\ jm|

zAbfy{
kf}/v M pb\od, sdfO
kf7

ef/fkd{ M v]tLkftLsf] a]nf Ps csf{df ul/g] sfdbf/sf] P]r

“ f]kr
“} f], v]tfnf nfUg] cfnf]kfnf]
P]r
“ f]kr
“} f] M vf“rf] 6fg{ s'g} ;fdfg lng] lbg] k|rng
cf“6f]lk7f] M ?vf;'vf vfg]s/' f
;nx]z km'naf/L M ;nx]zn] agfPsf] l;/fxf lhNnfdf /x]sf] km'naf/L
d~h'>L M sf7df8f}“ pkTosfdf a:tL a;fpg] k|frLg JolSt
onDa/ M ls“/ft j+zsf klxnf] /fhf
z"/jL/ M axfb'/, k/fj|mdL
8f]a M ulx/f] jf vfN8f] k/]sf] lrx\g, 8fd
kf5f M y/, pky/
120 g]kfnL M sIff (
ldlynf / slknj:t' rf“u' l;Ghf ch}ld/sf]
8f]a Kof/f] kfNkf d':tfª gfDr] l;d/f}gu9sf]
;of}“ efiff e]if e"iff ;+:s[ltsf] /; ld7f]
;a} ldnL xf]:6] x};+ ] ;x;[hg hf]; ld7f] . % .
lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ dw]; hf]8g\ ] l;k k|sl[ tsf]
h;n] /r] ltgnfO{ k|0ffd\ tL k'vf{sf] b]z xf] gf;f]
h'g} yftynf] lhp“m ;[li6/; p:t} ld7f]
j/uf5L kLknuf5L rf}tf/Lsf] zLtn ld7f] . ^ .

G] b|
ltdL d t cfpg] hfg] /xg] of] ;dfh g} xf]
s;n] s] g} ;fy nUg] l;h]{ hlt g]kfns} xf]

s
dflg;sf] gftf Kof/f] ldnLh'nL Ho'g“ ' ld7f]
rfrfrfrL ttf cfd} h'g} gftf klg ld7f] . & .

f;
hGDof] x'Sof]{ b]Vof] e]6o\ f] ;dfh} xf] ;a} ;fOgf]
/f]hL/f]6L e]63f6 ld7f] b]z} hf]8g\ ] nfuL ;fOgf]
js
sxL“ aflx/ g]kfnLnfO{ b]Vg' e]6g\ ' slt ld7f]
åGå x}g b]z Kof/f] lbnsf] bf]:tL ;+jfb ld7f] . * .
zAbfy{
dl

l;Ghf M g]kfnL efiffsf] pTklTt ynf], k|frLg v; ;fd|fHosf] /fhwfgL

ch}ld/ M k|frLg 8f]6L /fHosf] /fhwfgL
l;d/f}gu9 M af/f lhNnfdf /x]sf] P]ltxfl;s u9L
o\ jm|

;x;[hg M ;femf l;h{gf

gf;f] M csf{n] ;'/lIft /fVg lbPsf] j:t'
kf7

l;h]{ M l;h{gf ul/Psf]

rfrfrfrL M sfsfsfsL
ttf M lbbL
bf]:tL M ldqtf

g]kfnL M sIff ( 121

 cEof;
;'gfO
!= kf7sf] klxnf] Znf]s ;'gL l7s a]l7s 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M
-s_ ufp“ klg xfd|} xf] ;x/ klg xfd|} xf] .
-v_ h;/L klg dfG5]n] cflv/ b'Mv g} /Rg] xf] .
-u_ oxL b]zdf xfdL lhpg'k5{, oxL“ kf}/v ug'k{ 5{ .

G] b|
-3_ cf“;' / kL8flagfsf] d':s'/fx6df g} hLjg ld7f] x'G5 .

s
-ª_ hLjgdf Ps csf{sf] e/f];f cfjZos kb}g{ .
@= kf7sf] bf];f| ] Znf]s ;'gL tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ ;okqL km'ns
f;
] f] 7fp“df km'Ng] csf]{ km'n s'g xf] <
-v_ ;dfh s;sf] l;h{gf xf] <
js
-u_ ef/fkd{ / P]r
“ f]kr
“} f]nfO{ ld7f] dfGgfsf] cfzo s] xf] <
-3_ tkfO{n“ fO{ cf“6f]lk7f] / l;:gf] s:tf] nfU5 <
dl

-ª_ 3/df h] kfSof] To;nfO{ cd[teGbf ld7f] dfGgfsf sf/0f s] x'g\ <
#= kf7sf rf}yf] / kf“rf}“ Znf]ssf] >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .
o\ jm|

af]nfO
!= kf7sf] ;ftf}“ / cf7f}“ Znf]ssf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgsf] clt 5f]6f] df}lvs pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
kf7

-s_ xfdLn] l;h{gf u/]sf s'/f sxf“ /xG5g\ <

-v_ dflg;nfO{ s] Kof/f] x'G5 <
-u_ s;/L lhp“bf ld7f] x'G5 <
-3_ s:tf] gftf ld7f] x'G5 <
-ª_ b]z hf]8g\ ] s'/f s] xf] <
-r_ åGåeGbf s'g s'/f Kof/f] x'G5 <

122 g]kfnL M sIff (

@= tnsf zAbsf] z'bw\ pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M
cf“6f]lk7f], l;h{gf, lgdf{0f, kf}/v, ;okqL, P]r
“ f]kr
“} f], :jfwLg, ;[li6, åGå
#= tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ eGg'xf];\ M
-s_ o; sljtfsf /rgfsf/ sf] x'g\ <
-v_ kf7df slt cf]6f Znf]s 5g\ <
-u_ ;dfhsf s] s] s'/f ld7f x'G5g\ <
-3_ kf7sf Znf]sx¿dWo] tkfO{n“ fO{ ;a}eGbf a9L dg kg]{ Znf]s s'g xf] / lsg <

G] b|
-ª_ cfpg]÷hfg] / /xg] s'/f s] s] x'g\ <

s
$= dflg; / ;dfhsf] ;DaGwsf af/]df ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ / 5nkmndf JoSt ePsf d'Vo
d'Vo s'/fx¿ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
k9fO
!= lzIfssf lgb]z
f;
{ gdf kf7sf k'/} kª\lStx¿ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ kfn}kfnf] jfrg ug'x{ f];\ .
js
@= kf7sf kf“rf}“} / 5}6f}“ cg'R5]b k9L kf“r cf]6f k|Zg agfpg'xf];\ .
#= kf7sf] klxnf] Znf]sdf eGg vf]lhPsf s'/f pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf tn lbOPsf] 5 . o;/L g} kf7
dl

k9]/ cGo Znf]sdf eGg vf]lhPsf s'/fx¿ l6Kg'xf];\ M

pbfx/0f M
– ;a} dflg;sf] rfxgf ;'v xf] .
o\ jm|

– dflg;sf] af“Rg] / kf}/v ug]{ cfwf/ b]z / ;dfh xf] .

– b'Mv / kL8flagfsf] xf“;f] g} hLjgsf] ;kmn kIf xf] .
kf7

– ;dfhdf ldn]/ lhpgfn] hLjg /dfOnf] aG5 .

n]vfO
!= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ uf}/f, ;Ltf / e[s6' L g]kfnsf s'g s'g ljifo;“u ;DalGwt 5g\ <
-v_ ‘;nx]z km'naf/L’ n] g]kfnsf] s'g ;Gbe{nfO{ b]vfpg vf]hs
] f] 5 <
-u_ d~h'>L / onDa/sf] /rgfsf] /; eg]sf] s] xf] <
-3_ uf]vf{ hflt ljZjjL/ eg]/ sljn] s] eGg vf]hs
] f x'g\ <
g]kfnL M sIff ( 123
 -ª_ sljtfdf s'g s'g P]ltxfl;s tyf ;f+:s[lts :yfgsf] pNn]v ePsf] 5 <
-r_ g]kfn ax' hftLo b]z ePsfdf sljnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
@= sljtfsf] d"n efjsf] ljj]rgf ug'x{ f];\ .
#= ‘;o /ª OGb|g] L’ sljtfnfO{ ub\odf ¿kfGt/ u/L n]Vg'xf];\ .
$= ;k|;ª\u JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ hxf“ km'Nof] ;okqL xhf/L km'n Toxf“ km'Nof]
dflg;sf] l;h{gfdf ;dfh xf] slt 7'nf]

G] b|
ef/fkd{ P]r
“ f]kr
“} f] cf“6f]lk7f] l;:gf] ld7f]

s
h;sf] 3/df h] kfSof] Tof] cd[teGbf ld7f] .
-v_ ltdL d t cfpg] hfg] /xg] of] ;dfh g} xf]
f;
s;n] s] g} ;fy nUg] l;h]{ hlt g]kfns} xf]
js
dflg;sf] gftf Kof/f] ldnLh'nL Ho'g“ ' ld7f]
rfrfrfrL ttf cfd} h'g} gftf klg ld7f] .
dl

%= ‘;o /ª OGb|g] L’ sljtfdf g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts lrgf/L s;/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 <
^= kf7df g]kfnsf] Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt, hflt tyf :yfgnfO{ a'emfpg] zAbx¿ ;d"x sfo{sf ¿kdf
l6kf]6 u/L ltgsf] clek|fo emNsg] u/L Ps Ps cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .
o\ jm|

&= kf7af6 rGb|laGb' / lz/laGb' nfu]sf zAb vf]h/] lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'x' f];\ .
*= hg;ª\Vof j[bl\ w / To;sf c;/sf ljifodf a'b“ fx¿ vf]Hg'xf];\ / ‘hg;ª\Vof lj:kmf]6’ zLif{s
/fvL ltg cf]6f cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .
kf7

(= kq klqsf cyjf hfgsf/x¿af6 hnjfo' kl/jt{g / o;sf c;/ af/]df cfjZos

hfgsf/L lng'xf];\ / ‘hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ljZjJofkL ;ª\s6’ zLif{sdf sDtLdf rf/ cf]6f
cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .
Jofs/0f
!= tnsf n]Vo lrx\gsf] gfd / sfd sfkLdf n]v/] lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ M
-s_ k"0f{ lj/fd - . _
d}of bofn' 5g\ . pgL ul/ak|lt bof b]vfp“l5g\ . j[bw\ j[bw\ fx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ pgsf]
afgL 5 .
124 g]kfnL M sIff (
 -v_ cNk lj/fd - , _
zf]ef, tf/f / 8f]/lglw ahf/ uP . pgLx¿n] Toxf“ sk8f, lstfa / sfpnL lsg] . Toxf“
t'n;L, afa'/fd / kljqf klg b]vf k/] . æcf], logLx¿ t ot} kf] /x]5g\ t ¤Æ kljqfn] egL .
-u_ cw{ lj/fd - † _
d laxfg} p7\5†' xftd'v w'G5'† 3'Dg hfG5' / klqsf k9\5' . dfgjtf g}ltstfsf] gfd xf]†
axfb'/Lsf] gfd xf] / ljZjf;sf] gd xf] .
-3_ k|Zgjfrs lrx\g - < _
ltdL 3/af6 PSn} cfof} ls ltd|f efO klg cfP < ca ltdL km]l/ 3/ slxn] hfG5f} <

G] b|
-ª_ pb\uf/ lrx\g - ¤ _

s
ltdLn] /fd|f] u/]5f}, :ofaf;\ ¤
lar/f, ltgnfO{ t /f]un] ;f/} Rofk]5 ¤
P /fd ¤ stflt/ xf] <
f;
-r_ pb\w/0f lrx\g -‘’, æÆ_
js
nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] ‘ofqL’ sljtf dflqs 5Gbdf 5 . o; sljtfdf b]jsf]6fn] ‘dfgjtfjfb’
df hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\, ædnd nufpm cft{x¿sf] rx/fO/x]sf] 3fp .Æ
-5_ lgb]z
{ lrx\g -M_
dl

ef}uf]lns ¿kdf g]kfnnfO{ ltg k|bz

] df ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 M lxdfnL k|bz
] , kxf8L k|bz
]
/ t/fO{ k|bz
] .
-h_ of]hs lrx\g -–_
o\ jm|

g]kfn–rLglarsf] bf}To ;DaGw bL3{sfn;Dd /xg] 5 .

-em_ sf]i7s - _
kf7

jf;'b]j lqkf7L lqlj -lqe'jg ljZj ljb\ofno_ af6 g]kfnL ;flxTodf ljb\ofjfl/lw
-lkPr8L_ ug]{ klxnf] JolSt x'g\ .
@= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf s'g s'g n]Vo lrx\gx¿ k|of]u ePsf 5g\, n]Vg'xf];\ M
xfd|f lj1fg lzIfs eGg'xG' 5, æclxn]sf] o'u ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] o'u xf] . clxn]sf] o'udf sDKo'6/
k|ljlw vf; u/]/ OG6/g]6df kx'r “ gx'gx] ¿ w]/} kl5 k5{g\ .Æ pxf“n] eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ /fd|/L dgg
u/]/ d}n] cfkm"nfO{ sDKo'6/ k|ljlwdf kf]Vt agfPsf] 5' . cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] s;/L ;b'kof]u
ug'k{ 5{ < OG6/g]6sf] pkof]lutf s] xf] < dnfO{ yfxf 5 . OG6/g]6nfO{ d}n] k9fOs} Pp6f cleGg
cª\u agfPsf] 5' . o;af6 d}n] ;+;f/ lrGg ;s]sf] 5' . OG6/g]6sf cltl/St k':tsfnodf uP/
gof“ gof“ k':ts k9\g] d]/f] ;f]v 5 . d}n] y'k}| ljb]zL tyf g]kfnL n]vssf lstfa k9]sf] 5' .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 125
 ev{/} ‘d'gfdbg’ k9]†“ s]xL lbg cufl8 ‘3fdsf kfOnfx¿’ k9]sf] lyP“† /fd|f] nfUof] . d
v]ns'bdf klg plTts} ?lr /fV5' . dnfO{ dg kg]{ v]n x'g\ M lj|ms]6, elnan, km'6an /
r]; . dnfO{ 7'nf]–;fgf], wgL–ul/a, k'?if–dlxnf, 5't–c5't egL lje]b ug]{ rng k6Ss} dg
kb}g{ . xfd|f] ;dfhdf /x]sf] juL{o -wgL / ul/a larsf]_, hftLo -hft, hfltsf larsf]_, If]qLo
-If]q jf a;]sf 7fp“sf larsf]_, n}ªl\ us -k'?if, dlxnf / t];f| ] lnª\uL larsf]_ h:tf lje]b
-e]befj_ x6fpg'k5{ . To:t} zf/Ll/s ¿kdf czStx¿nfO{ l5M l5M ¤¤ / b'/M b'/M ¤¤
ug],{ pgLx¿nfO{ a/f ¤ lar/f ¤ eg]/ sdhf]/ 7fGg] k|jl[ Tt klg dnfO{ k6Ss} dg kb}g{ .
pgLx¿;“u leGg k|sf/sf] Ifdtf 5 / pgLx¿ klg cfkm\g} uf]8fdf pleg ;S5g\ eGg] s'/f
dnfO{ yfxf 5 .

G] b|
#= pko'St n]Vo lrx\g k|of]u u/L k'gn]v
{ g ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qLo ;xof]u ;ª\u7gsf] 5f]6s/L gfd g} ;fs{ xf] tkfO{n“ fO{ yfxf 5

s
;fs{sf ;b:o /fi6«x¿ s'g s'g x'g\ g]kfn ef/t e'6fg aª\unfb]z >Lnª\sf kfls:tfg
dflNbE; ckmuflg:tfg ;fs{sf ;b:o /fi6«x¿ x'g\
f;
-v_ ;'Gg' ef] /fd t lxh} cd]l/sf k'u5] t/ s] ug'{ p;sf] le;f t gSsnL kf] k/]5 pm t
ljdfg :ynaf6} lkmtf{ eP5 xfdLn] p;nfO{ slt eg]sf lyof}“ :jb]zd} a;]/ sfd u/] klg
js
x'G5 ljb]z} hfg] xf] eg] klg /fd|/L a'em]/ dfq hfg'k5{ .
$= pbfx/0fdf h:t} u/L ‘k9\’ wft'af6 ltg sfnsf ;fdfGo kIfsf ¿k n]Vg'xf];\ M
dl

pbfx/0f M -wft' ‘n]v’\ _ d}n] sljtf n]v“] . -;fdfGo e"t_

d sljtf n]V5' . -;fdfGo jt{dfg_
d sljtf n]Vg] 5' . -;fdfGo eljiot\_
o\ jm|

%= pbfx/0fcg';f/ ‘n]v’\ wft'af6 ck"0f{ kIfsf ¿kx¿ agfpg'xf];\ M

kf7

pbfx/0f M ltdL eft vf“b} lyof} . -ck"0f{ e"t _

ltdL eft vf“b} 5f} . -ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
ltdL eft vf“b} x'g] 5f} . -ck"0f{ eljiot\ _
^= pbfx/0fdf h:t} u/L ‘;'g’\ wft'sf k"0f{ kIfsf ¿k n]Vg'xf];\ M
pbfx/0f M
xl/ a;]sf] lyof] . ;Ltf cfPsL lyO{ . -k"0f{ e"t _
xl/ a;]sf] 5 . ;Ltf cfPsL 5 . -k"0f{ jt{dfg_
xl/ a;]sf] x'g] 5 . ;Ltf cfPsL x'g] 5 . -ck"0f{ eljiot\ _
126 g]kfnL M sIff (
&= pbfx/0fcg';f/ ‘u/\’ / ‘k9\’ wft'af6 st[,{ sd{ tyf ;'t\ wft'af6 efj jfRosf ¿k b]vfpg'xf];\ M
pbfx/0f M
d sljtf n]V5' . ltdL ;kmn eof} . hosnf xf“l:5g\ . of]u/fh uof] . -st{[ jfRo_
-dåf/f_ sljtf n]lvG5 . -ltdLåf/f_ k/LIff lbOof] . -sd{ jfRo_
-hosnfåf/f_ xf“l;G5 . -of]u/fhåf/f_ uOof] . -efj jfRo_
*= pbfx/0fdf lbP h:t} u/L ‘x/fp’, ‘;'gfp’, ‘lx“8’\ / ‘af]n’\ wft'af6 s/0f / cs/0fsf
jfSox¿ agfpg'xf];\ M

G] b|
pbfx/0f M

s
pm k9\5 . d hfG5' . ;'ldqf uOg\ . -s/0f_
pm k9\bg} . d hfGg“ . ;'ldqf uOgg\ . -cs/0f_

f;
(= tnsf lj|mofkbn] cEo:t e"t sfnnfO{ a'emfPsf 5g\, ltgnfO{ ;fg'x{ f];\ M
xfd|f kfnfdf clxn] h:tf] htf;'s} :s'n x'b“ g} y] . vf; u/]/ dfWolds ljb\ofnox¿ ;Lldt
js
x'Gy] . To;}n] d dflj txsf] k9fOsf nflu 3/af6 8]9 3G6f 6f9f lx“8/] hfGy]“ . af9L cfp“bf
vf]nfx¿ 7'nf x'Gy] . xfdL af9L g36'Gh]n kv]/{ a:Yof}“ / af9L 36]kl5 tYof}“{ . af6f] klg
dl

cK7\of/f] x'GYof] . slxn] sfxL“ klx/f]n] klg af6f] 5]SYof] . rflxP hlt sfkL snd lsGg]
k};f;d]t x'b“ g} Yof] . k9fO ;s]/ 3/ kmls{g] a]nf af6fsf k;nx¿df aflx/} ;]n /f]6L a]Rg
/fv]sf x'Gy] . otf ef]sn] k]6df d';f bf}l8/x]sf] x'GYof], csf{lt/ lsg]/ vfg] k};f x'b“ g} Yof] .
To;}n] a]Rg /fv]sf vfg]s/' flt/ cf“vf gk¿g\ eGb} bf}l8GYof}“ .
o\ jm|

!)= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /x]sf e"t sfnsf c1ft kIf -c1ft e"t_ sf lj|mofkbnfO{ ;f/]/ lzIfsnfO{
b]vfpg'xf];\ M
kf7

pm t slt 7'nf] eO;s]5 . p;n] k9\g klg /fd|/L k9]5 . OlGhlgol/ª k9\g 5fqj[lTt kfP5 .
clg pm nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/LIff pTtL0f{ u/]/ ;/sf/L hflu/] eP5 .
!!= cEo:t e"t sfnsf] k|of]u u/L cfkm\gf] afNosfnsf] j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .
!@= c1ft e"tsf] k|of]u u/L cfk"mn] b]vs
] f] s'g} ;x/sf] j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .
l;h{gfTds sfo{
!= tn sljtfsf ltg k|sf/sf no jf 9f“rf lbOPsf 5g\ . tL dWo] s'g} Pp6f 9f“rfdf ‘ls;fg’
zLif{sdf sljtf n]Vg'xf];\ M

g]kfnL M sIff ( 127

 -s_ d'St no
p;sf] lhGbuL
;8s / laxfg;“u} p7]sf] 5, bu'/s ] f] 5
p;sf] kfOtfnf
lr;f] / gfª\uf] 5
nfU5, p;sf] lhGbuLsf] cGTo 5}g
p;n] ug]{ ofqfsf] s'g} lj>fd 5}g
-h;/fh ls/ftL M ‘Tof] x'nfsL’ zLif{s sljtfaf6_

G] b|
-v_ zf:qLo 5Gb -no_

s
s:tf] 5 3/ cGgkft clxn] a;f{t s:tf] eof] <
af9L cfO k/f/ e}m“ ls t ;a} ;f]/L a9f/L uof] <
7f8} af]6 ;'s] ls wfgx¿sf rsf]{ v8]/L 5 ls ¤
f;
xfgL Joª\Uo ;';fp“b} tn cem} aUb} x'lgg\ u08sL .
js
-ldqnfn k+1fgL M ‘ufp“sf] ;fyLnfO{ lr7L’ sljtfaf6_
-u_ nf]s no
dl

xftsf] d}nf ;'gsf] y}nf s] ug'{ wgn] <

;fu / l;:gf] vfPsf] j]z cfgGbL dgn]
-nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f M ‘d'gfdbg’ af6_
o\ jm|

@= lgDg lnlvt a'b“ fsf cfwf/df ‘;flxTosf/ jf;'bj] lqkf7L’ zLif{sdf hLjgL tof/ kfg'x{ f];\ M
klxnf] cg'R5]b — lj= ;+= !((( sf] hGd — hGd:yfg tgx'“ — dftf uf]df lqkf7L — lktf
kf7

k|d] bTt lqkf7L — pgL cf7 jif{sf] x'b“ f cfdfsf] lgwg — lktfsf] nfngkfngdf x'sf{O —
;DkGg kl/jf/ — cf}nf]sf] 8/n] uf]/vfdf k'¥ofOP — dfdf3/ klg ToxL“ — afNosfn ToxL“sf
vf]nf, vf]N;f, ?v sfGnf, v]taf/L rxfb}{ laTof] — cToGt r~rn :jefj — hf]ufpg} d'l:sn .
bf];f| ] cg'R5]b — 3/}df lktfåf/f cIf/f/De — u'? s'nLo jftfj/0fdf lzIff/De — !^ jif{sf]
pd]/df lzIffh{gsf nflu sf7df8f}“ cfudg — ;+:s[t 5fqfjf;df a;]/ ;+:s[t lzIffsf] k9fO
— ;+:s[tdf cfrfo{, g]kfnLdf :gftsf]Tt/ pTtL0f{ / cª\uh]| Ldf ;d]t :gftsf]Tt/ k|yd jif{sf]
k/LIff pTtL0f{ — lqljaf6 g]kfnL ljifosf] klxnf] ljb\ofjfl/lw — lqrGb| sn]haf6 k|fWofkg
cf/De — To;sf] nuTt} lqlj sLlt{k/' df k|fWofkg / ToxL“af6 ;]jf lgj[Tt .
t];f| ] cg'R5]b — sljtf, syf, lgaGw, ;dfnf]rgf ljwfdf u/L g]kfnL efiffdf ;a}eGbf a9L
/rgf ug]{ JolSt — ;dfnf]rgf ;d|f6\sf] pkflw k|fKt — ;]jf lgj[Tt ePkl5 cfk"mn] klxnf
n]vs ] f /rgfsf] ;ª\sng ;Dkfbg, k|sfzgdf Jo:t .
128 g]kfnL M sIff (
 kf7 !$ dlxnf lx+;f

ljb\ofnodf nuftf/ ltg rf/

lbg labf k/]sf] 5 . 5fqfjf;sf
w]/h
} ;f] ljb\ofyL{ labf dgfpg
cfcfk\mgf 3/ uPsf 5g\ . 3/
6f9f ePsf ljb\ofyL{ eg] 5fqfjf;df

G] b|
g} 5g\ . lgs} lbg w'lDdPkl5
aNn 3fd nfu]sfn] cfh ;a}

s
ljb\ofyL{ rf}/df a;]sf 5g\ .
!= ;+1f M -5fqfjf;sf] 9f]sfaf6

f;
aflx/ lg:s“b_} P ;fyL xf] ¤
ltdLx¿ s] vf“b} 5f} x“ < d}n]
js
klg s]xL vfg]s/' f NofPsL
5' .
@= cGj]iff M s] Nofof} ;+1f <
dl

#= ;+1f M e'6s
] f] abfd / ds} ¤ -k/lt/ b]vfp“b_} pm clen]v / pkf+z' klg 5fqfjf;af6 ot} cfp“b}
5g\ .
o\ jm|

$= cGj]iff M ;Kt/Ldf k]ml/ csL{ dlxnfnfO{ hnfP/ df/]5g\ lg ¤ ltdLn] yfxf kfof} <
%= ;+1f M lsg df/]5g\ <
kf7

^= cGj]iff M bfOhf] gNofPsf] lgx'd“ f .

&= ;+1f M st} bfOhf] gNofPsfdf, st} 5f]/f gkfPsfdf, st} >LdtL x'g] k'?ifsf] ;DaGw cGo
dlxnf;“u ePsfn] st} >LdtL >Ldfg\eGbf dlfyNnf] cf]xf]bfdf k'Ugfn] 3/ 3/df w]/} dlxnfdfly
lx+;f x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
*= cGj]iff M dflg; lsg olt nf]eLkfkL ePsf xf]nfg\ xlu <
(= clen]v M -a:b}_ ljsl;t b]zsf dflg;x¿n] xfd|f o:tf 36gfsf af/]df yfxf kfP/ s] eGnfg\
eGg] 8/ eO;Sof] .
!)= pkf+z' M eGnfg\ xf]Og, elg;s]sf 5g\ lg ¤
g]kfnL M sIff ( 129
!!= ;+1f M o;f] u¥of] p;f] u¥of], dlxnfs} 6fpsfdf e'ªu\ f| ] vlgg] t /x]5 lg ¤
!@= clen]v M klxn] t g]kfndf bfOhf] k|yfn] olt ljs/fn ¿k lnPsf] ;'lgPsf] lyPg . kxf8df
t o:tf] rng} b]lvGgYof] .
!#= cGj]iff M klxn] bfOhf] lbg' t k/} hfcf];,\ 5f]/LnfO{ kf]if0fo'St vfg]s/' f / lzIffbLIff lbg]
s'/fdf ;d]t aGb]h lyof] . clxn] t To:tf] 5}g . lzIffbLIff, kfng kf]if0f s'g} s'/fdf klg
5f]/f / 5f]/Ldf km/s ul/“bg} .
!$= ;+1f M kxf8, t/fO{ / /fhwfgLdf 5f]/Lk|ltsf] Jojxf/ km/s km/s 5 . bfOhf] k|yfn] t/fO{nfO{

G] b|
a9L cfj|mfGt kf/]sf] 5 . d}n] cfk\mgf] dfdf3/ jL/uGh hfg] cfpg] j|mddf of] s'/f glhs}af6
b]vs
] L 5' .

s
!%= pkf+z' M t/fO{ dfq sxf“ xf] /, kxf8df klg lje]bo'St Jojxf/ 5“b} 5 . bfOhf] k|yfsf s'g} g
s'g} cjz]if Toxf“ klg 5g\ . dnfO{ t crDd nfU5 . ljZj sxf“af6 sxf“ k'lu;Sof] . xfdL eg]
f;
o:t} cljj]sL s'/fdf clNemP/ a;]sf 5f}“ .
js
!^= ;+1f M dfgjtf dflys} j|m" / k|xf/ xf] of] . cGo sltko b]zdf t o:tf dfgjtf lj/f]wL 36gfn]
xnrn dRrfp“Yof] .
!&= cGj]iff M xfdLsxf“ To:tf lj|mofsnfkn] lsg lg/Gt/tf kfPsf xf]nfg\ xlu <
dl

!*= pkf+z' M r]tgfsf] sdLn] klg xf]nf . ;hfo sd eP/ klg xf]nf . o:tf ck/fwLnfO{ t hlt
;hfo lbP klg sd} x'G5 .
o\ jm|

!(= cGj]iff M xfd|f] b]zdf dlxnfdflysf] pTkL8g t slt xf] slt ¤

@)= ;+1f M ToxL t, ljjfx u/]/ uPsf 3/df a'xft{g vKg' plTts} . 5fpk8L, b]psL, s'df/L h:tf
kf7

k|yfaf6 b'MvL x'g] klg ltg} .

@!= cGj]iff M j:t'efp ;/x a]lrg'kg]{ ltg}n,] anfTsf/ u/L s's/' la/fnf ;/x ldNsfOg] klg ltg} .

zAbfy{
ljs/fn M 8/nfUbf]
cfj|mfGt M ;tfOPsf]
5fpk8L M /h:jnf x'b“ f a:g] 5fk|f]
b]psL M dlGb/df r9fOPsL sGof
130 g]kfnL M sIff (
@@= pkf+z' M dflg;nfO{ olt w]/} cTofrf/ rflx“ lsg ug'{ k/]sf] xf]nf xlu <
@#= cGj]iff M Psflt/ ca'emkgf, csf{lt/ a'em krfO klg .
@$= clen]v M o:tfnfO{ s;/L tx nufpg ;lsPnf t ¤
@%= ;+1f M r]tgfsf] sdL klg xf] . sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L gx'g' klg xf] .
@^= pkf+z' M lsg / ;+1f, sfg'g t kfngf ePs} 5 lg ¤
@&= cGj]iff M sfg'gL Joj:yfdf ePsf s'/fsf] sfof{Gjog kIf alnof] x'gk' 5{ . /fHon] cf“6g\ ] xf] eg]

G] b|
o:tf] s'ky| f x6\g w]/} ;do g} nfUb}g . /fHosf kxndf ;xh lsl;dn] ;DkGg x'g] sfd
JolStsf kxndf eg] c;xh x'G5 .

s
@*= pkf+z' M dlxnf lx+;fsf] d'Vo sf/0f ;dfhdf n}ªl\ us lje]b sfod x'g' xf] . ;d Jojxf/ gx'b“ f
n}ªl\ us c;Gt'ng hGDof] . o;sf] d"n sf/0f ;fdflhs cfly{s ¿kdf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg

f;
e"ldsf gx'g' xf] . lrGtf gu/f},“ la:tf/} ;dfh kl/jt{g x'b“ } 5 . xfd|f ;f]rfO / ljrf/ wf/f klg
kl/jt{g x'b“ } 5g\ . ;dfgtf / :jtGqtf x7ft\ k|fKt x'g] ljifo klg t xf]Ogg\ .
js
@(= clen]v M To:tf] sxf“ xf]nf / < lje]b t cem;Dd hAa/ ¿kdf /x]s} 5 . o:tf] n}ªl\ us
c;dfgtf x6\nf / <
dl

#)= pkf+z' M dlxnfx¿ cfTdlge{/ x'g yfn]kl5 eg] o:tf] lje]bdf kl/jt{g cfpg yfn]sf] 5 .
#!= clen]v M dlxnfn] g} klg dlxnfnfO{ pTkL8g lbG5g\ klg elgG5 lg ¤ ;f;"n] a'xf/LnfO{ g} b'Mv
lbPsf pbfx/0f klg 5g\ .
o\ jm|

#@= cGj]iff M s'/f pTkL8g s;n] lbPsf] 5 eGg] xf]Og, Tof] t ;fdflhs ;+/rgf / To;n] lgdf{0f
kf7

u/]sf] ;+:sf/sf] xf] . k/Dk/fdf h] ePsf] 5, r]tgfsf] ljsf;;“u} To;sf] cGTo x'G5 . lxhf]sf]
k/Dk/f tf]l8“b} 5 . gof“ r]tgf hGd“b} 5 .
##= clen]v M To;f] t elgG5 . t} klg xfd|f ljrf/ olt hAa/ 5g\, Tof] x6fpg uf/f] 5 lg ¤
#$= ;+1f M ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf nflu ca k'?ifx¿ klg tof/ 5g\ . pgLx¿ cfÇgf] e"ldsf
kl/jt{g ub}{ 5g\ . dlxnfdf klg hfu/0f cfPsf] 5 .
#%= cGj]iff M Tof] t xf] . lzIffn] dflg;sf] ljrf/df kl/jt{g Nofp“b} 5 .
#^= ;+1f M Tolt dfq xf]Og, clxn]sf] ;+ljwfgn] t dlxnf xsnfO{ w]/} dfqfdf :yflkt u/]s} 5 .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 131

#&= cGj]iff M dlxnfsf nflu k|bfg ul/g] lzIff hflu/df k|jz] tyf 5fqj[lTt h:tf ;'ljwfsf
sf/0f klg dlxnf x'g' sdhf]/ x'g' xf] eGg] ljrf/df kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 .
#*= clen]v M of] kl/jt{g t cfp“b} 5 g} . t}klg lje]b t sfod g} 5 lg ¤
#(= pkf+z' M ca sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fnfO{ kv{gk' 5{ .
$)= clen]v M x'g t xf] t/ d rflx“ cfzfjfbL 5}g .
$!= pkf+z' M /fHo / ;dfhsf] ;+oS' t kxn eof] eg] oL ;a} s'/f Jojxf/df g} ;Dej x'G5g\ .

G] b|
$@= clen]v M dlxnfn] dlxnfdfly ug]{ lx+;fsf] s'/f] lg <

s
$#= cGj]iff M ;fdflhs ;+/rgfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;+:sf/sf af/]df k'glj{rf/ gu/]/ xf] .
$$=clen]v M -s]xL xf“;/] _ k'?ifn] dlxnfdfly u/]sf] lx+;fsf] s'/f lg < of] ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf]
dfq bf]if xf] / < f;
$%= cGj]iff M -uDeL/ eP/_ 76\6f u/]sf] ls ;f“Rr} eg]sf] clen]v <
js
$^= clen]v M 76\6} xf], xfdL h:tf ;r]t dflg;n] t o:tf s'/fnfO{ km/s lsl;dn] cYof{pg} ldn]g
lg ¤
dl

$&= cGj]iff M xf] ;fyL, xfdL ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf hudf gk'uL ;xL ;dfwfg lgsfNg ;Ifd x'b“ g} f}“
klg .
$*=pkf+z' M o:tf 36gfdf k|foM k'?ifsf] lj/f]w ug]{ rng 5 . s] bf]ifL k'?if g} x'g\ t <
o\ jm|

$(= cGj]iff M xf], oxL“lg/ eO/x]sf] 5 d"n uNtL . lj/f]w ug'k{ g]{ t ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf] kf] xf]
t ¤ ;dfhnfO{ abNg] ljrf/ wf/fn] xf] . o;sf nflu ;r]t k'?if / dlxnf Ps x'gk' 5{ /
kf7

;fdflhs tyf cfly{s lje]bnfO{ cGTo ug'k{ 5{ .

%)= ;+1f M xhf/f}“ jif{sf] lje]b Ps lbgdf g} cGTo x'g] t xf]Og . k'?if jf dlxnf /ysf b'O{ kª\uf|
x'g\ . ;dfhdf xflb{stf / ;f}Gbo{sf nflu klg lje]b x6\gk' 5{ . o;sf nflu klg ;dfhnfO{
Ao't“ fpg} k5{ .
%!= cGj]iff M s'/f ToxL xf] . xfdL dlxnfx¿ k'?if lj/f]wL xf]Ogf},“ g t k'?if g} dlxnf lj/f]wL
x'g\ . b'js
} f] Pstfn] dfq kl/jf/ rN5, ;dfh rN5 / /fHo rN5 .
%@= pkf+z' M ToxL t eg]sf] lg ¤ k'?if / dlxnf Ps eP/ g} n}ªl\ usnufotsf lje]b cGTo ug{
;lsG5 .
132 g]kfnL M sIff (
%#= clen]v M dlxnf / k'?if b'j} y/Lsf] k|oTg ;d;Ttf :yfkgf ug]{ s'/fdf s]lGb|t x'gk' 5{ . Tof]
;d;Ttf eg]sf] k'?if gf/L b'jn} ] n}ªl\ us pTkL8g ef]Ug' gkg]{ ;Ttf xf] .
%$= cGj]iff M xf], of] ;Dej 5 . klxnf] s'/f cfly{s lsl;dn] dlxnfnfO{ k'?ifnfO{ hlTts} clwsf/
/ st{Jon] ;DkGg agfpg'k5{ . o;n] cfwf ;kmntf ldN5 . af“sL cfwf ;kmntf ;f+:s[lts
lje]bnfO{ j|mdzM pv]Nb} uPkl5 k|fKt x'G5 .
%%= clen]v M jSt[tfdf /fVgnfO{ cfh uhasf] ljifo k]mnf k¥of] xf]Og t <
%^= cGj]iff M xf] t, labf ;lsPkl5 ;a} ;fyLx¿ kmls{G5g\ . To;kl5 ;a};u“ ;Nnfx u/]/ o; ljifo

G] b|
;DaGwL jSt[tfsf] sfo{jm| d agfp“nf lg, x'Gg / <

s
%&= ;+1f M eOxfN5 lg ¤ t/ jSt[tfdf dfq xf]Og, hLjgdf klg o;nfO{ nfu' ug'k{ ¥of] lg ¤
%*= clen]v M xf], xfdLn] ca dlxnf, k'?if, afn aflnsf ;a}df x'g] lx+;fsf lj?b\w kfOnf rfNg'k5{ .

f;
%(= ;a} hgf M -Ps};fy_ xf], kfOnf rfNg'k5{ . cfh}bl] v xfdLn] lx+;fsf lj?b\w Psh'6 x'gk' 5{ .
js
^)= ;a} hgf M xf] xf] . x'gk} 5{ . x'gk} 5{ .
-vfgf vfg] ;dosf] 3G6Lsf] cfjfh cfp“5 ._
dl

cGj]iff M P ¤ s'/} s'/fdf vfgf vfg] 3G6L klg nfUof] ¤ /fd|} s'/fdf 5nkmn eof] . ca hfcf}“
;a} .
-;a} hgf p7\5g\ ._
o\ jm|

zAbfy{
;d;Ttf M a/fa/Lsf] clwsf/ ;
kf7

g]kfnL M sIff ( 133

 cEof;
;'gfO
!= ;+jfbsf] Psb]lv P3f/;Ddsf] cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / l7s a]l7s 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M
-s_ bfOhf] k|yfsf af/]df s;}s;}n] dfq} ;'gs
] f 5g\ .
-v_ kq klqsfdf lbglbg} bfOhf]sf af/]df ;dfrf/ cfPsf] 5 .
-u_ dflg;x¿ nf]eLkfkL 5}gg\ .

G] b|
-3_ ljb]zLx¿n] cfh;Dd xfd|f] k5f}6k] gsf af/]df yfxf kfPsf 5}gg\ .

s
-ª_ e'ªu\ f| ] vGofpg' ck/fw xf] .
@= ;+jfbsf] af/b]lv PSsf;;Ddsf] cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / tn ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ eGg'xf];\ M
f;
-s_ b'O{ rf/ bzscl3;Dd g]kfndf bfOhf] k|yfsf] ¿k s:tf] lyof] <
js
-v_ klxnf 5f]/Lk|ltsf] Jojxf/ s:tf] lyof] <
-u_ dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gf s;/L yfxf kfOG5 <
dl

-3_ g]kfnLx¿ s:tf s'/fdf clNemP/ a;]sf 5g\ <

-ª_ dlxnfnfO{ lsg j:t'efp ;/x a]lrG5 <
o\ jm|

#= tnsf] kf7 ;'Gg'xf];\ / pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M

;dfhdf dlxnf pTkL8gsf] sf/s cfly{s ;DaGw klg xf] . k/Dk/fut ¿kdf x]g{] xf] eg]
kf7

dlxnfx¿ cfly{s ¿kdf kl5 k/]sf 5g\ . laxfgb]lv /ftL;Dd 3/fo;L sfddf ;+nUg /x] klg
To;sf] s'g} >dut d"No 5}g . cfly{s sf/f]af/ ls klt ls k'qsf xftdf x'G5 . ;DklTtdfly
clwsf/ gx'b“ f dlxnfx¿ pTkL8gdf k/]sf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf kl/jt{g NofP/ g} dlxnf
clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 .
-s_ dlxnf pTkL8gsf] d"n sf/s s] xf] <
-v_ dlxnfsf] >dsf] u0fgf lsg gePsf] xf] <
-u_ n}ªl\ us lje]bsf] cGTo s;/L ;Dej x'G5 <
-3_ n}ªl\ us lje]bsf] cGTosf nflu tkfO{“ s] ug'x{ G' 5 <
134 g]kfnL M sIff (
 af]nfO
!= tnsf zAbsf] z'bw\ pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M
cfj|mfGt, e'ªu\ f| ,] k|yf, n}ªl\ us, pkf+z,' lj|mofsnfk, :jfefljs
@= tkfO{n“ fO{ s'g kfqsf] egfO /fd|f] nfUof] / lsg < ts{;lxt sIffdf atfpg'xf];\ .
#= cfcfÇÇgf kl/j]zdf tkfO{x“ ¿n] cg'ej u/]sf n}ªl\ us lje]bsf af/]df sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
k9fO

G] b|
!= pgfGrfln;b]lv k}t“ fln;;Ddsf cg'R5]bnfO{ ;:j/ jfrg ug'x{ f];\ / tL cg'R5]b k9\g tkfO{n“ fO{

s
slt ;do nfUof], lzIfsnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ .
@= kf7sf krf;b]lv ;GtfpGg;Ddsf cg'R5]baf6 d'Vo d'Vo kf“r a'b“ f l6Kg'xf];\ .

f;
#= lgDg lnlvt cg'R5]b k9L tn ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
js
;w}“ ;w}“ ;Nnf ;';fp“bf /dfOnf] / cfgGb nfUg] dnfO{ clxn] s:tf] s:tf] g/dfOnf] nfu]/
cfof] . sfd}sfd / b'Mv} b'Mvn] ;w}e“ l/ lylrPsL dlxnfsf] lr;f] ;':s]/f h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{
;Nnf ;';fp“bfsf] cfjfh . xhf/f}“ xhf/ b'MvL g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf dw'/f cg'xf/x¿ pleP
dl

d]/f cf“vfcl3 . s7} ¤ ;Eotfsf gfddf hlt g} cfw'lgs b]lvP klg / lgod sfg'gsf kfgfdf
hlt g} n]v] klg vf]O sxf“ 36]sf] 5 / dlxnfsf] pTkL8g / zf]if0f ¤ vf]O sxf“ cf]efPsf]
5 dlxnfsf] cg'xf/ / cf“vfsf] l8n < vf]O sxf“ pHoflnPsf] 5 dlxnfsf] cg'xf/ / cf“vfsf]
gfgL ¤ ha cfwf wtL{ / cfwf cfsfz g} c“Wof/f] / afbnn] 9fls/xG5 eg] cfw'lgstf /
o\ jm|

ljsf;sf] gfddf uj{ u/]/ 5ftL k}mnfpg' klg Joy}{ xf] eG5' d .
-eLid pk|t] L M lgnf] kfgL / lgnf efjgfx¿ lgaGw ;ª\ux| af6_
kf7

-s_ n]vsnfO{ lsg g/dfOnf] nfUof] <

-v_ dlxnfdflysf] pTkL8g / zf]if0fsf] cj:yf s:tf] /x]sf] 5 <
-u_ dlxnfsf nflu sfg'gsf kfgf s:tf 5g\ <
-3_ dlxnfsf] cf“vfsf] l8nn] s] eG5 <
-ª_ clxn] cfw'lgstf / ljsf;sf] d"No s] s:tf] 5 <
-r_ ‘pTkL8g’ / ‘dw'/f’ k|of]u u/L Pp6f Pp6f jfSo agfpg'xf];\ .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 135
 n]vfO
!= kf7 k9L tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ dlxnf lx+;fsf] :j¿k s:tf] x'G5 <

-v_ ;dfhsf ljleGg 36gfsf af/]df s;/L hfgsf/L kfOG5 <

-u_ ;fdflhs ;d;Ttf eg]sf] s] xf] <

-3_ s:tf s'/fnfO{ cljj]sL elgG5 <

G] b|
-ª_ clwsf/ / st{Josf] ;dfg ljt/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <

s
@= k|:t't kf7 k9]kl5 ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf af/]df cfk\mgf] wf/0ff n]Vg'xf];\ .
f;
#= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ ;ª\If]kdf n]Vg'xf];\ M
lkt[;[ Ttfsf sf/0faf6 ePsf ;d:of dlxnfn] dfq ef]us ] f 5}gg\, k'?ifx¿ klg o;af6 kof{Kt
js
dfqfdf kLl8t ag]sf 5g\ . sltko k'?ifnfO{ efG;fsf] sfd ug{ /x/ nfU5 . t/ ;dfhsf 8/n]
pgLx¿ To;f] ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . sltko k'?ifsf] :jefj g} nhfn' x'G5 . t/ pgLx¿n] nfh dfGbf
dl

;dfhn] dlxnf h:tf] elglbG5 . b'Mvdf cf“;' gcfpg] dflg; x'b“ g} . ;dfhn] eg] k'?ifnfO{ cf“;'
n'sfP/ s7f]/ aGg] cfb]z lbG5 . b'Mv x]lkg]nfO{ dfq x'b“ g} , x]Kg]nfO{ klg x'G5 . dlxnf /
k'?ifdWo] Pp6f x]Kg] / csf]{ x]lkg] x'b“ f ;dfhsf] ;+/rgf klg nyflnª\u x'G5 . o:tf] ;dfhdf
dflg;n] ;'v / zflGtsf] cg'ej ug{ kfp“bg} g\ . o;}n] ;Unf] / kl/k"0f{ ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fsf] Pp6f
o\ jm|

dxTTjk"0f{ cfwf/ xf], lkt[;[ Ttfsf] pR5]bg / ;d;Ttfsf] :yfkgf .

-s_ lkt[;[ Ttfaf6 k'?if s;/L kLl8t ag]sf 5g\ <
kf7

-v_ k'?ifn] ;dfhsf 8/n] s] ug{ ;Sb}g <

-u_ ;dfhn] k'?ifnfO{ s:tf] cj:yfdf dlxnf h:tf] elglbG5 <

-3_ ;dfhsf] cj:yf s;/L nyflnª\u x'G5 <

-ª_ ;d;Ttf eg]sf] s] xf] <

$= dflysf] ;+jfbdf k|:t't ePsf ;Gb]zx¿nfO{ ;f/f+zsf ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ .

136 g]kfnL M sIff (

%= JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ ljZj sxf“af6 sxf“ k'lu;Sof] ! g]kfnLx¿ eg] o:t} cljj]sL s'/fdf clNemP/ a;]sf 5g\ .
-v_ j:t'efp ;/x a]lrg' klg dlxnfn] g} kg]{ . anfTsf/ u/L df/]/ s's/' la/fnf ;/x df/]/
ldNsfOg] klg ltg} .
^= ‘d ;dtfjfbL ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{ rfxG5'’ zLif{sdf Pp6f cg'R5]b /rgf ug'x{ f];\ .
&= ‘dlxnf ;zStLs/0f’ zLif{sdf Pp6f ;+jfb /rgf ug'x{ f];\ .
Jofs/0f

G] b|
!= kf7af6 zAbsf k|f/Dedf / cGTodf x|:j Osf/ ePsf b; b; cf]6f zAb l6Kg'xf];\ .

s
@= kf7af6 zAbsf] dWodf x|:j Osf/ ePsf kf“r / bL3{ Osf/ ePsf kf“r cf]6f zAb l6Kg'xf];\ .

f;
#= ;, z, if cIf/ k|of]u x'g] b; zAb n]Vg'xf];\ .
$= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf ePsf j0f{ ljGof;ut q'l6x¿ ;Rofpg'xf];\ M
js
l;tf d]/L ;fly x'g\ . lutf rfxL“ ;LtfsL ;fyL xf] . xfdL ;a}sf axLlgx¿ klg ;“u} k9\5g\ .
xfldnfO{ syfsf k":ts k9\g dg k5{ . /hlg lbbLn] xfdLnfO{ k':ts lbg"xG' 5 . xfdL klg
k':tssf] v"a htg u5f}{+ . xfdL;“u syfsf] k':ts b]Vgf;fy lbkf klg xfd|f 5]pdf
dl

cfp“5Lg\ .
%= tn lbOPsf jfSo k9\gx' f];\ / ltgsf k|sf/sf af/]df hfgsf/L xfl;n ug'x{ f];\ M
o\ jm|

;/n jfSo M lj= ;+= @)&@ ;fnsf] e'Or “ fnfn] w]/} ljgfz u¥of] . o;n] dw];df eGbf klg
kxf8df w]/} xflg u¥of] . w]/} cf]6f ufp“sf dflg;x¿ 3/af/ljxLg ag] . w]/} ljb\ofnox¿ klg
elTsP . y'k}| aRrfx¿n] cfdfafa' u'dfP .
kf7

;+oS' t jfSo M o;kfln ;dodf g} jiff{ eof] / cGgafnL w]/} ;lk|of] . dflg;x¿n] w]/} cGg y'kfg{
kfpg] cfzf /fv]sf lyP t/ sflt{sdf k/]sf] cl;gfn] ;a} afnL Wj:t eof] . ljgfzsf/L
e"sDkkl5 ljb\ofno uPsf] klxnf] lbg ljb\ofyL{x¿nfO{ k9fOPg lsgeg] pgLx¿sf] dgdf ce}m
qf; af“sL g} lyof] . pgLx¿n] Toxf“ gfrufg klg u/] / u'?af6 syf klg ;'g] .
ld> jfSo M ltdL hxf“af6 cfPsf lyof}, ToxL“ kms]/{ hfpm . ltdLnfO{ h'g s'/fsf af/]df s]xL
yfxf 5}g, To;}sf af/]df efif0f g5f“6 . d h] u5{,' ltdL klg ToxL u/ . lxhf]sf] dflg; c;n
lyof], hf] d;“u lgs} glhlsg vf]lh/x]sf] lyof] .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 137

^= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9L jfSosf k|sf/ lrGg'xf];\ M
cfh r}t dlxgfsf] bf];f| ] xKtf xf] -;/n jfSo_ . lxhf] a]ns
' f klg kfgL k¥of] / cfh laxfg
klg kfgL k¥of] -;+oS' t jfSo_ . Pp6f 5ftf af]ss] L lyP“ t/ cl;gfkfgLn] To;nfO{ ef“lrlbof]
-;+oS' t jfSo_ . lxhf]cfhsf ;a} 5ftf To:t} x'g\ -;/n jfSo_ . d h'g 5ftf lsG5', d]/L
5f]/L ToxL 5ftf n}hfG5] -ld> jfSo_ . lxhf] d htf htf uP“, Totf Totf Psbd} le8ef8 lyof]
-ld> jfSo_ .
&= kf7af6 ;/n, ;+oS' t / ld> jfSo 5fg]/ ;fg'x{ f];\ .
*= tnsf ;+of]hs k|of]u u/]/ jfSo lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ M

G] b|
/, t/, hf], h'g, klg, lsgls, lsgeg], eg], jf, gq, ls, t}klg, Pjd\

s
(= ;/n jfSosf] k|of]u u/]/ cfk\mgf] 3/sf] j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .
!)= ld> jfSosf] k|of]u u/]/ cfÇgf] ;dfhsf af/]df j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .
f;
!!= ;+oS' t jfSosf] k|of]u u/]/ jftfj/0fLo k|bi" f0fsf af/]df j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .
js
l;h{gfTds sfo{
!= g]kfnL ;dfhdf dlxnf / k'?ifsf lardf x'g] e]befjsf af/]df ;/n / ld> jfSosf] k|of]u
dl

u/]/ ;+jfb tof/ kfg'x{ f];\ .

@= ‘;fdflhs Gofo’ ljifodf Pp6f ;+jfb tof/ ug'x{ f];\ .
o\ jm|
kf7

138 g]kfnL M sIff (

 kf7 !% 5fqfjf;

hgtf pRr dfWolds ljb\ofno

:ofk|ma' ;] L, /;'jf
ldlt M @)&@÷!÷%
!= >L cWoIfHo"
:ofk|m' ufp“ kflnsf, /;'jf

G] b|
ljifo M 5fqfjf; lgdf{0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf

s
dxf]bo,
@= hgtf pRr dfWolds ljb\ofnodf o; ufp“ kflnsf tyf cGo ufp“ kflnsfsf ;d]t afn
aflnsf cWoog u5{g\ . of] ljb\ofno :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;b\efj / ;xof]udf ljb\ofyL{ d}qL
f;
jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ k|of;/t 5 . o;}n] oxf“ clxn] ljb\ofno ejg, ljifout lzIfs, z}lIfs
tyf v]ns'b ;fdu|L, zf}rfno, vfg] kfgL tyf k':tsfnosf] Joj:yf /fd|f] 5 . 3/af6 cfpg
js
;Dej gx'g] ljb\ofyL{sf nflu eg] ljb\ofnon] cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ul/lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . oL
ljb\ofyL{x¿ ljb\ofnos} j/k/ 8]/f u/L a:g] u5{g\ . lxdfnL If]qsf] ;fgf] a:tL ePs} sf/0f
pko'St 8]/f kfpg lgs} ;d:of 5 . To;df klg ko{6sLo :yn ePsfn] ljb\ofyL{n] dx“uf] 8]/f
dl

ef8f ltg'k{ /]sf] 5 .

#= ljb\ofyL{x¿nfO{ 3/ jf 8]/fdf cWoog ug{ pko'St z}lIfs jftfj/0f cfjZos x'G5 . o;sf
cefjdf ljb\ofyL{nfO{ u[xsfo{ ug{ ;d:of kg]{ / To;sf] c;/ sIffsf]7fdf x'g] lzIf0f l;sfOdf
o\ jm|

k|ToIf ¿kn] kb{5 . kf7\oj|mdn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf ;Ifdtf ljb\ofyL{df xfl;n x'g g;Sgfsf
sf/0f of] klg xf] . 5fqfjf;sf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg ;s]sf] cj:yfdf pSt ;d:of ;dfwfg
kf7

zAbfy{
:yfgLo M ;DalGwt 7fp“sf
;b\efj M c;n ljrf/
ljifout M ljifo ;DaGwL, ljifosf]
ko{6sLo M ko{6s;“u ;DalGwt
kf7\oj|md M k9fpgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] ljifo / 9f“rf
lgwf{/0f M lg0f{o, lgZro
;Ifdtf M sfd ;DkGg ug]{ u'0f
g]kfnL M sIff ( 139
 x'G5g\ . ;fy} l;sfOdf kl5 k/]sf ljb\ofyL{ nfeflGjt;d]t x'G5g\ . Toxf“ pgLx¿sf nflu
;xkf7L l;sfOsf] cj;/ / ljb\ofnosf] k/fdz{ klg k|fKt x'G5 . ljb\ofyL{df gjLgtd 1fg /
cfw'lgs k|ljlwo'St l;ksf] ljsf; ug{ 5fqfjf;df kqklqsf, sDKo'6/ tyf cGo ;Gbe{
;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yf klg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;af6 ljb\ofnosf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k|jw{g ug{ 7'nf]
;xof]u x'G5 . ctM ljb\ofnodf 5fqfjf; lgdf{0fsf] ljz]if cfjZostf 5 .
$= dfWolds txsf rfln; hgf ljb\ofyL{sf nflu la; sf]7fsf] b'O{ tn] 5fqfjf; agfpg]
ljb\ofnosf] of]hgf 5 . o;sf nflu nueu Ps s/f]8 ?lkof“ nfUg] cg'dfg 5 . ljb\ofno;“u
eg] s'g} ;|ft] 5}g, ;/sf/L cg'bfg pknAw x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf klg sd 5 . ufp“ ljsf;
;ldltn] cfk\mgf] ;|ft] tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ ;d]t kl/rfng ug{ ;s]df 5fqfjf; lgdf{0fsf]

G] b|
sfo{ ;Dej x'G5 . ctM o;sf nflu cfjZos k|of; u/L 5fqfjf; lgdf{0f of]hgfnfO{ ;fy{s
agfpg ljb\ofno k|zf;gsf tkm{af6 xflb{s cg'/f]w 5 .

s
f; lgj]bs
Zofds[i0f rfkfufO{+
js
k|wfgfWofks

zAbfy{
dl

k/fdz{ M ;'emfj, ;/;Nnfx

gjLgtd M ;aeGbf gof“
u'0f:t/ M txcg';f/ lgwf{l/t u'0f
o\ jm|

k|jw{g M j[bl\ w
kf7

cg'bfg M wg, j:t' jf cfly{s ;xof]u

kl/rfng M ;~rfng
;fy{s M l;b\w, cy{k0" f{

140 g]kfnL M sIff (

 cEof;
;'gfO
!= kf7sf] klxnf] cg'R5]b ;'gL tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ eGg'xf];\ M
-s_ ljb\ofnon] s'g s'g s'/fsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 <
-v_ ljb\ofyL{x¿ 8]/f u/L a:g afWo x'gk' g]{ sf/0f s] xf] <
-u_ ljb\ofyL{nfO{ pko'St lsl;dsf] 8]/f kfpg lsg ;d:of k/]sf] xf]nf <

G] b|
-3_ ljb\ofyL{n] 8]/fsf nflu lsg dx“uf] ef8f ltg'k{ /]sf] 5 <

s
@= kf7sf] clGtd cg'R5]b >'lt n]vg ug'x{ f];\ .
#= kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / l7s a]l7s 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M

f;
-s_ ljb\ofyL{sf nflu 3/ jf 8]/fdf klg pko'St z}lIfs jftfj/0f rflxG5 .
js
-v_ 5fqfjf;sf] Joj:yfn] l;sfOdf kl5 k/]sf ljb\ofyL{ nfeflGjt x'b“ g} g\ .
-u_ l;sfOdf kl5 k/]sf ljb\ofyL{x¿nfO{ 5fqfjf;df l;Sg] cj;/ k|fKt x'G5 .
dl

-3_ 5fqfjf;df ljb\ofyL{x¿nfO{ ;xkf7L l;sfOsf] cj;/ pknAw x'b“ g} .

-ª_ ljb\ofnon] 5fqfjf;sf] lgdf{0fnfO{ ljz]if cfjZostfsf ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 .
af]nfO
o\ jm|

!= tnsf zAb z'bw\ ;“u pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M

kf7

cWoIf, lgdf{0f, k/fdz{, ljb\ofno

@= kf7sf] clGtd cg'R5]bsf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ eGg'xf];\ M
-s_ slt hgf ljb\ofyL{sf nflu slt sf]7fsf] 5fqfjf; agfpg] ljb\ofnosf] nIo 5 <
-v_ 5fqfjf; lgdf{0f ug{ ljb\ofnon] k|:tfj u/]sf ;|ft] s] s] x'g\ <
-u_ 5fqfjf; agfpg slt /sd nfUg] cg'dfg 5 <
-3_ kf7;“u ;DalGwt lgj]bg s;n] s;nfO{ n]vs
] f x'g\ <
#= 5fqfjf;sf] dxTTjsf ljifodf v“lbnf ts{;lxt cfk\mgf] efjgf sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\ .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 141
$= cfk\mgf] ljb\ofnosf] ef}lts ;+/rgfsf af/]df sIffsf ;fyL;“u 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
k9fO
!= kf7sf cg'R5]b kfn}kfnf] ;:j/ jfrg ug'x{ f];\ .
@= kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5]b df}g k7g u/L Ps Ps jfSodf tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ 5fqfjf;af6 s:tf ljb\ofyL{ a9L nfeflGjt x'g ;S5g\ <
-v_ s:tf] l;sfOnfO{ ;xkf7L l;sfO elgG5 <

G] b|
-u_ ljb\ofnosf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] ljifo s] xf] <
-3_ 5fqfjf;df ljb\ofyL{nfO{ ;lhn};u“ pknAw x'g ;Sg] ;'ljwf s] s] x'g\ <

s
#= kf7 k9L tnsf zAb / cy{sf lardf hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
zAb ;d"x
f; cy{ ;d"x
ljb\ofno Hofb}
js
k|of; kf7zfnf
ljb\ofyL{ sf]l;;
dl

j/k/ lglDt
nflu 5fq5fqf
o\ jm|

lgs} otfplt
n]vfO
kf7

!= kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ ;ª\If]kdf n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ hgtf pRr dfWolds ljb\ofnosf ef}uf]lns ljz]iftf s] x'g\ <
-v_ o; ljb\ofnodf ef}lts ;+/rgfsf ¿kdf s] s] s'/f pknAw 5g\ <
-u_ ljb\ofnon] 5fqfjf; lgdf{0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbgfsf sf/0fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-3_ 5fqfjf;n] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ k|jw{gdf s;/L dbt u5{ <
-ª_ ljb\ofnon] 5fqfjf; lgdf{0fsf nflu s;nfO{ lsg cg'/f]w u/]sf] xf] <
142 g]kfnL M sIff (
@= ljb\ofnodf vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug{ k|wfgfWofksnfO{ lgj]bg n]Vg'xf];\ .
#= kf7nfO{ ;ª\If]kLs/0f u/L Ps cg'R5]bdf n]Vg'xf];\ .
$= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ M
ldlt, lgj]bs, k|wfgfWofks, ufp“ ljsf; ;ldlt, lgdf{0f, ljifo
%= tnsf] lgj]bg k9]/ To;sf] hjfkmdf n]Vg] kq tof/ ug'x{ f];\ M
>Ldfg\ dxfk|aGws,
hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| lnld6]8,

G] b|
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/ .

s
ljifo M d'b0| f ;+oGq tyf k|ljlw cjnf]sg ug]a{ f/] .
dxf]bo,

f;
d oxL cfbz{ dfWolds ljb\ofno, ;fgf]l7dLdf sfo{/t lzIfs x'“ . o; ljb\ofnosf sIff gf}sf
ljb\ofyL{n] kf7\o k':ts 5fk]sf] b[Zo x]g{ dg u/]sf 5g\ . d cfk}mn“ fO{ klg o; af/]df k|fljlws
js
cg'ej 5}g . xfd|f] efjgf;“u ;xdt eP/ ljb\ofnon] klg z}lIfs e|d0f ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf]
5 . ctM o;sf nflu sfo{jm| d lgwf{/0f u/L xfdLnfO{ cjnf]sgsf] cj;/ k|bfg ug'{ x'g cg'/f]w 5 .
dl

lgj]bs
lzjs'df/ lg/f}nf
-g]kfnL ljifo lzIfs_
o\ jm|

cfbz{ dfWolds ljb\ofno

;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/
kf7

^= tnsf] lj1fkg k9]/ lgb]z

{ gcg';f/ ug{x' f];\ M

afn clwsf/ ;a}sf] ;/f]sf/

– afn aflnsfsf] xslxtsf nflu ;b}j lj|mofzLn agf}“ .
– afn clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ u/f}“ .
– afn aflnsfsf s'/f ;'gf}“ / afn b'Jo{jxf/sf] cGTo u/f}“ .
g]kfn ;/sf/
dlxnf, afn aflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno

g]kfnL M sIff ( 143

 -s_ afn aflnsfsf xslxtsf ;DaGwdf Ps cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ .
-v_ afn clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf af/]df s'g} u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ n]Vg] kq tof/ ug'x{ f];\ .
-u_ afn aflnsfk|lt x'g] b'Jo{jxf/ cGTo ug]{ pkfox¿sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ .
&= tnsf] cg'R5]bsf cfwf/df ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
ljb\ofyL{ hLjg 5fqfjf;df a9L cg'zfl;t x'G5 . Toxf“ ljb\ofyL{sf] ;do clnslt klg b'?kof]u
x'b“ g} . ljb\ofyL{x¿ k|foM laxfg kf“r ah] g} p7\5g\ / lgTo sd{df nfU5g\ . laxfg ;fd"lxs

G] b|
k|fy{gf x'G5 . k|fy{gfdf ;a} ljb\ofyL{x¿ ;fd]n x'gk' 5{ . To;kl5 ljb\ofyL{ cWoogdf ;fd]n
x'G5g\ . ;f“emdf ljb\ofyL{x¿nfO{ Ps 306f v]Ng] cj;/ k|bfg ul/G5 . Tolt a]nf pgLx¿

s
cfk\mgf] ?lrcg';f/ km'6an, elnan, Aof8ldG6g cflb v]n v]N5g\ . a]ns ' f klg ;a} ljb\ofyL{
b; ah];Dd cWoog u5{g\ .
f;
-s_ ljk/Ltfy{s zAb vf]Hg'xf];\ M
lzIfs, ;b'kof]u, ;f“em, ;'Tg', cfbfg
js
-v_ cy{ v'Ng] u/L km/s jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ M
dl

5fqfjf;, cg'zf;g, k|foM, lgTo, sd{, k|fy{gf

-u_ tnsf zAbsf] cy{ n]v/] lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ M
sd{, ;GWof, cWoog, cj;/, ?lr
o\ jm|

*= tnsf zAbsf] lgdf{0f k|lj|mof a'em\ g'xf];\ / ltgnfO{ ;fg'x{ f];\ M

kf7

5fq ± cfjf; = 5fqfjf; b'/\ ± pkof]u = b'?kof]u

ljb\of ± cfno = ljb\ofno ljb\of ± cyL{ = ljb\ofyL{
cg' ± zf;g ± Ot = cg'zfl;t ;d"x ± Os = ;fd"lxs
;DaGw ± Ot = ;DalGwt ;d\ ± nUg = ;+nUg
(= ‘cg'zf;g’ zAb zf;gdf ‘cg'’ pk;u{ nfu]/ ag]sf] xf], To:t} tkfO{“ klg ‘cg'’ pk;u{ nfu]sf
cGo kf“r cf]6f zAb n]Vg'xf];\ .

144 g]kfnL M sIff (

 Jofs/0f
!= tnsf pbfx/0fcg';f/ To:t} cGo kf“r kf“r cf]6f zAb n]Vg'xf];\ M
pbfx/0f
ls/f], lgnf], lttf] cflb ;'?df ‘O’ x|:j x'g] zAb
dflxnf], slnnf], ulx/f] cflb lardf ‘O’ x|:j x'g] zAb
k'an{] L, d'Vof{O“, k':6\ofO“ cflb tb\ej k|Too nfu]sf tT;d zAb

G] b|
bfO, efO, gflt, cflb cGTosf] ‘O’ x|:j x'g] k'lnª\u zAb

s
k9fO, n]vfO, a7\ofO“ cflb cfO, ofO“ k|Too nflu cGTodf ‘O’ x|:j x'g] zAb
cufl8, dfly, ef]ln, cflb cGTosf] ‘O’ x|:j x'g] cJoo zAb

f;
w'nf], a6'jf, cfn' cflb p x|:j x'g] zAb
js
kfgL, sf]bfnL, ul/aL cflb zAbsf] cGTosf] O{ bL3{ x'g] zAb
efph", km'k," ;f;" cflb cGTosf] ‘pm’ bL3{ x'g] gftfaf]ws :qLlnª\uL zAb
dl

cfpm, ug",{ a:g" cflb ‘pm’ bL3{ x'g] ljWoy{s lj|mofkb

@= pbfx/0fcg';f/sf kf“r kf“r zAb vf]h/] tflnsfdf b]vfpg'xf];\ M
o\ jm|

pbfx/0f
;lxb, ;x/, :s'n cflb ‘;’ sf] k|of]u x'g] zAb
kf7

cfh, ca, ta cflb pRrf/0fcg';f/ chGt k|of]u x'g] cJoo zAb

a;, a;\, a;f];\ cflb pRrf/0fcg';f/ chGt÷xnGt k|of]u x'g] lj|mofkb

gfd, g]kfn, c;n cflb pRrf/0f xnGt eP klg chGt x'g] zAb

alxgL, jlsn, abdf; cflb pRrf/0fcg';f/ g} ‘a’ jf ‘j’ n]lvg] zAb

;+jfb, ;+of]u, ;+nUg cflb o, /, n, j k"j{ lz/laGb' k|of]u x'g] zAb

rª\uf, dfG5], rDrf, pRrf/0fcg';f/ g} ª\, g\ jf d\ n]lvg] zAb

g]kfnL M sIff ( 145
#= ‘s’ ;d"x / ‘v’ ;d"xsf lardf hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
s ;d"x v ;d"x
?vaf6 k|Too h:t} Pp6} l8sfdf n]lvg] zAbf+z
klZrdk6\l6 Pp6} l8sfdf n]lvg] cfkl/jlt{t låTj zAb
cfdfafa' Pp6} l8sf]df n]lvg] cs/0f af]ws ‘g’
gf6ssf/ dWojtL{ gfd hf]8/] n]lvg] b'O{ lnlksf] xnGt gfd

G] b|
eft;ft Pp6} l8sfdf n]lvg] ljelSt
gk9]sL Pp6} l8sfdf n]lvg] 5f]6f gfdof]uL zAb

s
u/uxgf Pp6} l8sf]df n]lvg] k"0f{ låTj zAb
uNof{du'n'{d Pp6} l8sfdf n]lvg] b'O{ b'O{ lnlkn] ag]sf ;d:t zAb
f;
/fds[i0f Pp6} l8sfdf n]lvg] cf+lzs låTj zAb
js
$= pbfx/0fcg';f/sf ltg ltg cf]6f zAbx¿ n]Vg'x' f];\ M
-s_ cg', lg;\, lg/, b';,\ b'/,\ lj, lg, clw, clt, cle, ;', k|lt, kl/, pk pk;u{df ‘O’ ‘p’ x|:j
dl

5.
h:t} M cg' j fb, lgZro, lg/fxf/, b' : ;fx;, b' u { d , ljxf/, lgod, clwsf/,
cltzo, cleefjs, ;'ud, k|ltsf/, kl/efiff, pkxf/
o\ jm|

-v_ ‘Os, Osf, Ot, Od, Odf, Oi7, ps’ oL tT;d k|Toodf ‘O’ ‘p’ x|:j 5g\ .
h:t} M cfly{s, uflosf, kl08t, clu|d, dlxdf, jl/i7, hfu?s
kf7

-u_ ‘O{o, O{g, cgLo, jL, O{’ oL tT;d k|Toodf ‘O{’ bL3{ 5 .
h:t} M ejbLo, u|fdL0f, cfb/0fLo, t]h:jL, ljb|fx] L, u'0fL
-3_ tnsf k'lnª\u zAbsf] cGTosf ‘O’ ‘p’ x|:j / :qLlnª\uL zAbsf] cGTosf ‘O{’ ‘pm’ bL3{
5g\ .
h:t} M xl/, efg', ;fw', Clif, u'?, b]jL, eujtL, nIdL, e[s6' L, aw"
-ª_ C, `, 0f, z, if, If, 1 j0f{x¿ -s[i0f, ;~ho, u08sL, z:q, cfsif{0f, kIf, 1fg cflb_
tT;d zAbdf dfq k|of]u x'G5g\ .

146 g]kfnL M sIff (

%= j0f{ ljGof; ;DaGwL tnsf q'l6x¿ ;Rofpg'xf];\ M
-s_ lab\ofyL{ sf] k|dv
" pb\w:] o l;Iff cfh{g u/g' xf] . ozsf nflu kf7\o k':ts sf ;fy} cGo
;Dwa{ u|Gy kgL k9\gk' 5{ . ;5d AolSt jGg lab\ofly{nfO ;dfhsf] Pyfy{ Uofg klg
rfOG5 .
-v_ g]kfnsf ax' ;ª\Vos AolStx¿ k/Dk/f cg';f/ cf cfk\mgf] wd{ dfG5g\ . cltYo zTsf/
kgL Ps lsl;dsf] wd{ xf] . of] ;a}sf] nflu plts} dxTTjk"0f{ 5 . o;sf] dxLdf cOn]
dfq xf]Og kOn] klg lyof] / cj kIfL;Dd kgL /xg]5 . ;f“hdf cfPsf kfpgf b]ptf
;/c dfGo x'G5g\ . cltyLsf] oyf]lrt zTsf/ ug'{ dfgljo u'0f kgL xf] .

G] b|
^= ;/n ¿k / To;af6 ag]sf lto{s ¿ksf lardf hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

s
;/n ¿k lto{s ¿k
k};f] o;
ufg' f; p;
js
of] d}“
pm t}“
dl

d k};f
t“ ufgf
o\ jm|

&= tnsf ;/n ¿knfO{ lto{s ¿kdf abNg'xf];\ M

ug',{ sf], s]6f], la/fnf], b'nf], ;f]emf]
kf7

*= ;/n / lto{s sf/ssf cfwf/df tnsf jfSox¿ ;Rofpg'xf];\ M

-s_ d]/f] 5f]/f]n] ckfª\utf ePsf] ;fyLnfO{ ;xof]u u5{ .
-v_ pn] cfh w]/} r/f]x¿ df¥of] .
-u_ psf] cf“vf]df /fd|f] b[li6 zlSt 5 .
-3_ of] dfG5]n] /]l8ofnfO{ /fd|/L x]¥of] .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 147

(= tnsf pbfx/0fsf cfwf/df To; lsl;dsf cGo jfSox¿ /rgf ug]{ cEof; ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ ;fdfGofy{s jfSo
– xh'/cfdf syf ;'gfpg'xG' 5 .
– v]tfnfn] cfh d]nf] ;s]gg\ .
– ltd|f sIffdf slt 5fq5fqf 5g\ <

G] b|
-v_ ljWoy{s jfSo
L

s
L L
cf1fy{s jfSo OR5fy{s jfSo

– t“ uf]7 hf .
f; – ltd|f] /f]u lgsf] xf];\ .
js
– ltdL 3/d} a; . – O{Zj/n] xfd|f] sNof0f u¿g\ .

– tkfO{“ ufO{ b'xg' x' f];\ . – ca xfdL 3/ hfcf}“ .

dl

-u_ clgZrofy{s jfSo

o\ jm|

L
L L
;Defjgfy{s jfSo ;ª\st] fy{s jfSo
kf7

– xfd|f] b]z wgL aGnf . – kfgL k/] afnL ;k|G5 .

– xfdL ;a} v';L xf}n“ f . – k};f eof] eg] d k':ts lsG5' .

– ;/sf/n] hgtfsf] enf] unf{ . – pm dGqL eof] eg] b]z agfpnf .

!)= tnsf wft' k|of]u u/L cf1fy{, OR5fy{ / ;Defjgfy{df b'O{ b'O{ jfSo n]Vg'xf];\ M
lb, cfp, u/\, x]/, x'

148 g]kfnL M sIff (

!!= tnsf lj|mofkbnfO{ cf1fy{, OR5fy{ / ;Defjgfy{sf] ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'x{ f];\ M
u/, k9"g,\ cfOh, cfpnf, g'xfcf];,\ kms]l{ ng\, ga;, lbpmg\, hfcf], plAhof];,\ v]n, lsGnf,
lg:snf
!@= tnsf jfSonfO{ cf1fy{s, OR5fy{s / ;Defjgfy{sdf abNg'xf];\ M
-s_ ltdL ;a]/} p7\5f} .
-v_ t“ cIf/ /fd|f] n]V5;\ .

G] b|
-u_ tkfO{“ dfnf nfpg'xG' 5 .
-3_ u'?ª bfO sf7 sf6\5g\ .

s
kl/of]hgf sfo{

f;
cfk\mgf] 6f]nsf ;/;kmfO ;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ 6f]naf;L;“u} ;f]w/] tL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]Vg] kq tof/ kfg{x' f];\ .
js
dl
o\ jm|
kf7

g]kfnL M sIff ( 149

 kf7 !^ aGwgaf6 d'lSt

/fh]Gb| ljdn
!= df:6/ rf]cfnfn alb{af;
xfO:s'nsf ul0ft ljifosf
lzIfs lyP . 6\o;' gsf] sdfOn]
g} ltg 5f]/fnfO{ k9fpg EofP .
5f]/fx¿ k9fOdf /fd|f klg

G] b|
lyP . b'O{ hgfn] b"tfjf;af6
5fqj[lTt kfPsf lyP . sfG5f]

s
s';ª\utdf nfuL s'ntsf]
l;sf/ ePsf] lyof] . /S;L,
f;
hf“8 tyf uf“hfsf] ;]jg /
emu8fn' :jefj s]xL 5'6s ] f
js
lyPgg\ .
@= rf]cfnfn Ps;6\7L jif{df ljw'/ eP . kTgL cg]sf}“ /f]uaf6 kLl8t lyOg\ . bd, pRr /Strfk,
d'6s
' f] Joyf cg]s y/L ¤ a]nd} f /fd|/L pkrf/ u/fPsf] eP lgbfg x'g ;SYof] . t/ pkrf/ x'g
dl

;s]g . Oi6ldq, z'eR] 5's, 5/l5d]s, gft]bf/ ;a}n] ;DemfP, æof] O{Zj/sf] OR5f xf] . of] d[To'sf]
lgod xf] . kltkTgL ;“u;“u} hfg t ;a} rfxG5g\ t/ Pp6fn] lahf]u a]xf]g{} k5{ . ltg ltg
hgf 5f]/f, a'xf/L, gflt gfltgfn] 3/ el/e/fp 5 .Æ df:6/n] lrTt a'emfpg vf]h] t/ pgsf]
o\ jm|

lrTt a'em] g .
#= a'9Lsf] d[t z/L/ hnfpg] ;do laTb} lyof] . sfG5f] stf n8]sf] lyof], yfx} ePg . cGTodf a'9f
kf7

:jod\n] >LdtLsf] lsl/of u/] . lsl/ofk'qLsf] :ofxf/b]lv z'bw\ zflGt;Dd ul/g] ;a} Joj:yfkgsf]
lhDdf df:6/sf lk|o lziox¿n] lnPsf lyP .
$= cfdf d/]sf] ;dfrf/ ;'g/] h]7f 8f= ;"og{ fy a]nfotaf6 ;kl/jf/ cfof] . dflxnf] OlGhlgo/
rGb|gfy klg cfOk'Uof] . sfG5f tf/fgfy 7]sb] f/ x'g,\ 3/} a:Yof] .

zAbfy{
ljw'/ M kTgL d/]sf] klt
lgbfg M kTtf nufpg]
z'bw\ zflGt M dfG5] d/]sf] 3/df h'7f] rf]Vofpg] lbg ul/g] sd{
150 g]kfnL M sIff (
%= a'9fsf] leqL dgdf dxfkfqnfO{ /fd|f;] u“ k~rbfg sd{ u/f}“ eGg] lyof] . pgn] 5f]/fx¿sf
cufl8 o:tf] ljrf/ k|s6 u/] . 5f]/fx¿nfO{ af]nfP/ eg], æltdLx¿sf nflu cfdfn] cfÇgf
;a} ;'v ToflulbOg\ . pg} cfdfsf] cfzLjf{bn] ltdLx¿ 7'N7'nf kbdf 5f} . pgsf] d[To'kl5sf]
sfd ldn]/ u¥of} eg] cfzLjf{b kfp“5f}, afa' .Æ lbgsf] rf/ k6s 5f]/f a'xf/L ;lDdlnt uf]i7L
u/] . pgLx¿df v:ofsv';s ' rNg yfNof], sdfP/ a'9fn] s] u/] < d/]sL a'9Lsf nflu sf7sf]
knª dfq lsg < ;'gs} knª, ;'gsf uxgf, ;'gsf h'Ttf, 5ftf ;a} bfg u¿g\ . a'9fsf sfgdf
klg o:tf zAb ky]{ . t/ pgL lghL{j ag]/ s'zf;gdf al;/xGy] . nfrf/ eO{ 5f]/f a'xf/Llt/
ofrs efjn] x]y{] . cflv/df l:6nsf Ps b'O{ yfn, lunf;, ;:tf] 5ftf / tGgfeGbf bfgsf
nflu s]xL cfPg . af“rG' h]n;Dd t /fd|f] pkrf/ / x]/rfx gkfPsf] eGb} bfgsf nflu h] ;fdfg
cfP, To;df klg a'9fn] lrTt a'emfP .

G] b|
^= PsfbzLeGbf Ps lbg klxn] a'9fn] km]l/ 5f]/fx¿nfO{ af]nfpg] lxDdt u/], æafa'x¿ ¤ d]/f]

s
;~ro sf]ifdf ltg nfv /sd hDdf lyof] . gfltx¿sf] d'08g, jt{dfgdf b'O{ nfv vr{ u/]“ .
Ps nfv hlt a}ªs\ df hDdf xf]nf . r]saf6 e'StfgL Nofpg" / cfdfsf] >fb\w /fd|f;] u“ ;DkGg
ug"{ .Æ
f;
&= a'9fsf] o; s'/faf6 ;a}n] /fxtsf] cg'ej u/] . geO{ gx'g] sd{df s]xL k};f nufpg] / af“sL
k};fn] cfcfk\mgf sfdsf nflu 5'6l\ 6g'eGbf cl3Nnf] /ft ef]h ug]{ lg0f{o u/] .
js
*= z'bw\ zflGtsf lbg a'9fn] 5f]/fx¿nfO{ eg], æca t d PSnf] eP“ . ltdLx¿sL cfdfn] dnfO{
6'x/' f] kf/]/ uOg\ . ca d]/f af/]df s]xL ;f]rs
] f 5f} <Æ k|Zgn] ;a} :tAw eP . bfloTjsf] u'?' tf
dl

af]wn] xf]Og, c;dosf] /fun] . h]7fn] df}g eª\u u¥of], æof] eg]sf] s] lg, af <Æ
(= æToxL eg]sf] afa' . d t ;f/} c;xfo eP“ . hUuf hldg klg 5}g . ;~ro sf]if klg 5}g . s]xL
l/g klg af“sL 5 .Æ
o\ jm|

!)= æclg k]G;g <Æ dfOnf]sf] :j/df ?vf]kgsf] dfqf a9L lyof] .
!!= a'9fn] :of“:of“ ug{ yfn], æltd|L cfdf 5“bf h;/L klg eft 58\sfOxflNyg\ . sfG5fsf] tfn
kf7

o:t} 5 . lbglbgel/ ef]s} /flvlbG5 . k]G;g hlt sfG5fnfO{ lbP“ . t/ ;a} k]G;g lbP klg To;n]
k'ug] eG5 .Æ

zAbfy{
dxfkfq M bfg lbg of]Uo
s'zf;g M s'zn] agfOPsf] a:g] rs6L
ofrs M dfUg]
d'08g M s]z vf}/g] sfd
u'?tf M dlxdf, pRrtf
g]kfnL M sIff ( 151
!@= æd sxf“af6 o; a'9fnfO{ kfNg ;S5' < b'lgof“n] df8\;fa eg]/ 9f]U5g\ . of] df8\;fan] dnfO{
h] cGofo u/], d}nfO{ yfxf 5 .Æ uf“hfsf] ;'/df sfG5f] a/a/fof] .
!#= afa' cfdfn] cfk"mnfO{ slxNo} ld7f] vfg / /fd|f] nfpg glbPsf], :s'nsf] lkm; ltg{ / lstfa
lsGg klg wf}wf} k/]sf] h:tf aofg ubf{ub}{ sfG5f] yrSs a:of] . 6fpsfdf xft /fv]/ ?g
yfNof] .
!$= a'9L cfdf af“rG' h]n k/b]zL 5f]/fx¿n] pgsf] cj:yfaf/] ;f]Wg] km';t{ kfPgg\ . cfjZostf
7fg]gg\ . pgnfO{ s;}n] lg:tf] eft;Dd klg c3fpGh]n vfg lbPg . sdhf]/ x'b“ fx'b“ } a'9L ynf
kl/g\ . df]ltoflaGb'n] ubf{ b]Vg g;Stf /ftL a'xf/LnfO{ af]nfp“lyg\ . a'xf/L Psl5g t lgbfPsf]
:jfª kf/L 6fg{ vf]HyL, km]l/ ;/fKt} kmtkmtfp“b} p7\yL, lghL{j 9'ª\ufnfO{ prfn]

G] b|
e}m“ prfNyL . gfs y'g/] zf}rfno;Dd nfGyL / km]l/ cf]5o\ fgdf yrf/]/ kmls{GyL . a'9fn] ;a}
s'/f ;De]m .

s
!%= cfh z'bw\ zflGtsf] ef]h 5 . ef]h ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . af;dtL rfdnsf] eft, /x/sf] bfn, l3p
kfk8, tLnsf] crf/, ltqLsf] r6gL, ltg rf/ lsl;dsf t/sf/L, ksf}8f, bxL cflb ;a}
f;
Jo~hgsf ;'uGw xfjfdf k}mlnPsf 5g\ . gftfuf]tfsf dflg;x¿n] 3/ el/Psf] lyof] . ;fgf
s]6fs]6Lb]lv ;a} cfcfÇgf lsl;dn] /dfO/x]sf lyP .
js
!^= a'9fnfO{ eg] s;}n] jf:tf u/]gg\ . ef]sn] ;xg g;s]kl5 a'9fn] Pp6f o'jsnfO{ s]xL vfg lbg
eg] . dflxnf] 5f]/f] of] x]b{} lyof] . dflxnfn] xsf/]/ af]Nof], æof] s] ug'e{ Psf] af < Psl5g tkfO{“
ef]s ;x]/ a:g ;Sg'xG' g < lgDtf?x¿n] vfg} vfPsf 5}gg\, oxf“ tkfO{s “ f cf“tdf Hjfnf blGsg
dl

yfNof] .Æ 8fS6/ / OlGhlgo/sf afa'n] o;/L xft hf]/s ] f] b]v/] o'js emgSs l/;fof] .
!&= a'9fn] eg], æxf] afa' ¤ aRrf 5“bf Psl5g b'w vfg gkfP/ t“ ?“bf, d]/f] d'6' lrl/GYof] . cfh
d}n] d'v kmf]//] vfg dfu]“ . t]/f] OHht} uof] . d a:5' af, ;x]/ a:g ;S5' .Æ
o\ jm|

!*= sf]7f aflx/ cf“ugsf kfx'gfx¿;“u c6\6xf; u/]sf] ;'g/] a'9fsf] dg k]ml/ lrl/of] . logLx¿nfO{
cfdf d/]sfdf s]xL k5'tf] 5}g . dfgf}“ cfdfsf] d[To' xf]Og, 5f]/fsf] hGd ePsf] 5 . a'9fsf]
kf7

;+;f/ c“Wof/f] eof] . pgnfO{ ef]h vfg]x¿;“u klg l/; p7\g yfNof] .
!(= a'9fsf] cfTdf /f]O/x]sf] lyof] . dgn] of] k|Zg klg uYof]{ – cflv/ 5f]/fx¿n] ef]hsf] o:tf] eJo
cfof]hgf s;/L u/]sf xf]nfg\ < dfq Ps nfvn] t k'u]g xf]nf . pgsf] jfT;No
k]ml/ 5rlNsGYof] . kl5 yfxf eof] – o; cfof]hgfsf] yk vr{ pg}sf k"j{ lziox¿n] u/]sf
/x]5g\ .

zAbfy{
c6\6xf; M 7'nf] :j/sf] xf“;f]
cfof]hgf M s'g} sfd k'/f ug{sf nflu klxn]bl] v ul/Psf] k|aGw
152 g]kfnL M sIff (
@)= sfd ;lsof] . ;a} cfcfÇgf sfddf kmls{P . 8fS6/ a]nfotlt/ nfUof] . OlGhlgo/ OGbf}/
kmSof]{ . u“h8L sfG5f] cfÇg} k'/fg} /ª\u9ª\udf d:t lyof] .
@!= df:6/ rf]cfnfn PSnf] eP . o:tf] PSnf]kgsf] cg'el" t pgnfO{ cfdf laTbf klg ePsf]
lyPg . df:6/ cffÇgf] sf]7fdf ls t Gofl;|b“ } w'dw'DtL a;]sf x'Gy], ls t ef]s vKg g;sL 3f]K6f]
k/L ;'lt/x]sf x'Gy] . ltvf{n] 3f“6L ;'Sbf klg efG;f sf]7fdf uO{ kfgL vfg] klg lxDdt
x'b“ g} Yof] . laxfgsf] lgTo sd{ ;lsPkl5 hjfgLsf lbgdf >LdtLn] Nofpg] u/]sf] tfTtftf] lrof
;DemL cf“;' emfy]{ . pgnfO{ slxn] Hj/f] cfPsf] x'GYof], slxn] 9f8 t slxn] 6fpsf] b'vs ] f]
x'GYof] .

G] b|
@@= b;}d“ f dflxnfsf] kl/jf/ cfp“bf 3/df a'9fnfO{ lnP/ k]ml/ dxfef/t dlRrof] . afa' af“sL b'O{
hgf bfh'efOsf] klg ePsf x'gfn] afa'n] cfh]s { f] ;DklTtdf dfq xf]Og, afa'sf] :ofxf/;';f/

s
ug]{ ;dodf klg efuaG8f nufpg] k|:tfj sfG5fn] /fVof] . of] k|:tfj ;'Ggf;fy cfk"mx¿
6'/df aflx/ hfg'kg]{ lgx'“ u/L ef]lnkN6} dflxnfn] ;kl/jf/ s'nn] d 7f]Sof] . rf]cfnfnnfO{ ;a
yfxf eof] . pgn] sfG5fnffO{ af]nfP/ cfk"mnfO{ s'g} j[bw\ f>ddf xflNbg cg'/f]w u/] t/ p;n]
jf:tf g} u/]g . f;
js
@#= a'9fsf] b'ul{ t emg\ a9\b} uof] . a'9f ;a}n] vfgf vfPsf] x]l//xGy] . p;nfO{ vfgf yf]/} dfq
lbOGYof] . a'xf/Lsf] egfO lyof] – a'9fn] w]/} vfP eg] ckfRo eO{ nTtfsk8f, tGgf, tlsof kmf]xf]/
kfg{ ;S5g\ . a'9f >LdtLsf] kmf]6f] cufl8 xft hf]//] pleGy] / cfk\mgf] dgsf] ax kf]Vy] . Ps
dl

lbg yk vfgf dfUbf 5f]/fn] ck|Toflzt ¿kdf pgsf] ufnfdf Ps r8\sg ahfOlbof] .
@$= To; /ft a'9fn] cfk\mgf] aunL 5fd] . sGbgLdf >LdtLsf] clGtd lg;fgL lyof] – ;'gsf]
lz/km'n . o; uxgfn] b'j}sf] ljjfxsf] ;'dw'/ :d[lt cfkm"leq hf]ufPsf] lyof] . a'9fn]
o\ jm|

la:tf/} uxgf lgsfn]/ w]/} a]/;Dd cf]N6fO{ kN6fO{ x]/] .

@%= Psf laxfg} ;sL g;sL lx“8/] a'9f /fhdfu{sf] 5]pdf cfP/ pleP . a; cfof], r9] .
kf7

sG8S6/n] k};f dfUof] . rfln; jif{ k'/fgf] gf/L 38L k'msfn]/ lbP . sG8S6/ Psl5g csdSs k¥of] . km]l/
bª\ u kb} { cufl8 a9\ o f] . gf/fo0f3f6 cfO{ s' g } a] n f >LdtLn] /fVg lbPsf]
ToxL lz/k'mn a]r] . Toxf“af6 pgL l;w} b]j3f6 uP/ ;Gof; j/0f u/] / ;Gof;L kl/wfg u|x0f u/] .
zAbfy{
/ª\u9ª\u M 9ª\u, 9f“rfsf“rf
cg'el" t M cg'ej ug]{ sfd
efuaG8f M ;DklTtsf] af“8kmf“8, c+zaG8f
ax M dgsf] lk/
j/0f M wf/0fc
g]kfnL M sIff ( 153
@^= b]j3f6 3'Dg hf“bf pxf“;u“ d]/f] e]6 eof] . pxf“ ca czSt / ljjz b]lvg' x'b“ g} Yof] . xfdf]l{ god
ahfO{ ld7f] :j/df ehg ufO/xg'ePsf] lyof] . pxf“sf] dw'/ :j/ / ehgsf x[bo :kzL{
zAbx¿n] d ;Ddf]lxt eP“ . jl/kl/ j[Ttfsf/ a;]sf pxf“sf lziox¿sf] hdft lyof] . yfxf
kfP“ – pxf“ Toxf“ dw'/fgGbsf] gfp“n] k|l;b\w x'gx' b“' f]/x]5 . k|jrg ug'x{ G' 5, ehg /Rg'xG' 5 /
ufpg'x'G5 . dnfO{ b]v]/ pxf“n] dnfO{ ghfg] ;ª\s]t ug'{eof] / ;a} uO;s]kl5 d}n]
xfn va/ ;f]Wbf pxf“n] eGg'eof], æefO, d vx/]n] aufP/ NofO{ au/df kmflnPsf] au|7] f]
lyP“ . ltdLnfO{ b]v/] d}n] cfÇgf] hGd:yfg ;De]m“ . ltdLn] oxf“ b]vs ] f ;a} eSt d]/f ;Gtfg
x'g\ . ltdLn] x[bodf c6fpg ;Sg] hlt ltd|f cfkmGt x'g\ . ;+;f/nfO{ dfof n'6fpm, ;+;f/ ltd|}
xf], o; ;Tosf] af]w dnfO{ oxL“ cfP/ eof] . ca d of] ;+;f/sf] aGwgaf6 d'St ePsf] 5' .Æ

G] b|
cEof;

s
;'gfO
f;
!= syfsf] klxnf] cg'R5]b ;'gL l7s a]l7s eGg'xf];\ M
-s_ df:6/ rf]cfnfn PsfpGg jif{df ljw'/ eP .
js
-v_ pgsL >LdtL pRr /Strfksf] /f]uaf6 kLl8t lyOg\ .
-u_ rf]cfnfnsf b'O{ hgf 5f]/fx¿ lyP .
dl

-3_ >LdtLsf] d[To'df ;a}h;f] gft]bf/n] of] d[To'sf] lgod xf] eg]/ a'9fnfO{ ;DemfP .
-ª_ rf]cfnfnsf] Pp6f 5f]/fsf] lax] ePsf] lyPg .
o\ jm|

@= syf ;'gs
] f cfwf/df tnsf egfO s;n] s;nfO{ eg]sf x'g,\ kTtf nufO{ eGg'xf];\ M
-s_ ltdLx¿sf nflu cfdfn] cfk\mgf ;a} ;'v ToflulbOg\ .
kf7

-v_ d sxf“af6 o; a'9fnfO{ kfNg ;S5' .

“ f] cf“tdf Hjfnf blGsg yfNof] . Psl5g tkfO{“ ef]s ;x]/ a:g ;Sg'xG' g <
-u_ oxf“ tkfO{s
-3_ xf] afa', aRrf 5“bf Psl5g b'w vfg gkfP/ t“ ?“bf d]/f d'6' lrl/GYof] .
-ª_ efO, d vx/]n] aufP/ NofO{ au/df kmflnPsf] au|7] f] lyP“ .
#= syfsf] afO;f}“ / t]O;f}“ cg'R5]b ;fyLaf6 ;'Gg'xf];\ / tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ b;}d“ f s'g 5f]/fsf] kl/jf/ cfp“bf emu8f k/]sf] lyof] <

154 g]kfnL M sIff (

 -v_ afa'sf] :ofxf/;';f/ ug{ efuaG8f;d]t nufpg'kg]{ k|:tfj cfPkl5 dflxnf] 5f]/fn] s]
k|ltlj|mof lbof] <
-u_ a'9fn] sfG5f] 5f]/fnfO{ s:tf] cg'/f]w u/] <
-3_ rf]cfnfnnfO{ lsg yf]/} dfq vfg lbOof] <
-ª_ rf]cfnfnnfO{ 5f]/fn] lsg a]:;/L ufnfdf xfGof] <
$= syfsf] clGtd cg'R5]b ;'gL To;df JoSt ePsf ljrf/nfO{ ;f/f+zdf eGg'xf];\ .
af]nfO

G] b|
!= pbfx/0fsf cfwf/df z'bw\ pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M

s
h:t} M e08f/÷eg\=8f/\
Joj:yfkg, cfzLjf{b, e'StfgL, lduf}n{ f, ;~ro sf]if

v:ofsv';s
f;
@= tn lbOPsf cg's/0ffTds zAbx¿sf] k|of]u u/L 5f]6f] syf ;'gfpg'xf];\ M
' , yrSs, kmtkmt, l;l/ª\ª, h'?Ss, lhª\l/ª\ª, emGfSs, x\jf“xj\ f“
js
#= tkfO{n“ ] hfg]sf] s'g syf l;nl;nf ldnfP/ eGg'xf];\ .
k9fO
dl

!= syfsf cg'R5]bx¿nfO{ ;:j/ k7g ug'x{ f];\ . cfk\mgf] k7gdf s'g} sdL sdhf]/L ePsf] ePdf
;'wf/sf nflu ;'emfj lbg ;fyLx¿nfO{ cfu|x ug'x{ f];\ .
o\ jm|

@= syf k9]sf cfwf/df ‘j[bw\ j[bw\ fsf] ;Ddfg / x]/rfx ug'k{ 5{’ eGg] ljifodf Ps cg'R5]b
n]Vg'xf];\ .
kf7

n]vfO
!= tn lbOPsf 6'Ssfx¿sf] cy{ klxrfg u/L hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
-s_ s'/f] vfg' ufnL ug'{
-v_ df;' vfg' l/;fP/ x]g{'
-u_ d'v 5f8\g' eg]sf] dfGg'
-3_ cf“vf tg'{ rgfvf] x'g'
-ª_ sfg 7f8f] kfg'{ lbSs kfg'{
s'6\g'
g]kfnL M sIff ( 155
@= lgDg lnlvt zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ M
k|ltli7t, s'nt, cGw ljZjf;, e'StfgL, c;xfo, k|no, j[TtfGt
#= rf]cfnfnsf sfG5f 5f]/fsf] af“sL hLjg s;/L laTof] xf]nf, cg'dfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ .
$= lgDg lnlvt k|Zgx¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ rf]cfnfnsf /fd|f ljz]iftfx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-v_ rf]cfnfnsf] sfG5f] 5f]/f] s'ntdf km:g'sf sf/0fx¿ s] s] x'g ;S5g\ <
-u_ j[bw\ j[bw\ f ePkl5 lt/:s[t x'gs
' f sf/0fx¿ s] s] x'g ;S5g\ <

G] b|
-3_ rf]cfnfnsf 5f]/fx¿n] cfk\mgf afa'cfdfk|lt ug'k{ g]{ st{JonfO{ s;/L lgjf{x ug'k{ Yof]{ <

s
-ª_ o; syfsf] zLif{s ‘aGwgaf6 d'lSt’ eGg] lsg /flvPsf] xf]nf <
%= syfsf] t]O;f}“ cg'R5]bnfO{ hDdf rf/ cf]6f a'b“ fx¿df l6kf]6 ug'x{ f];\ .
f;
^= syfsf] bf];f| ] cg'R5]bnfO{ Ps t[tLof+z x'g] u/L ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ .
js
&= ;k|;ª\u JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M
-s_ ‘kltkTgL ;“u;“u} hfg t ;a} rfxG5g\ . t/ Pp6fn] lahf]u a]xf]g{} k5{ .’
dl

-v_ ‘ltdLn] Xbodf c6fpg ;Sg] hlt ltd|f cfkmGt x'g\ . ;+;f/nfO{ dfof n'6fpm, ;+;f/
ltd|} xf] .’
Jofs/0f
o\ jm|

!= tn lbOPsf] cg'R5]bdf st[,{ sd{ / efj jfRosf] k|of]u ePsf] 5, k9\gx' f];\ M
b'O{ dlxgfcl3 dfq} lduf}n{ f k]mn ePsf] yfxf kfPkl5 ;Gtfgk'/L b'MvdfofnfO{ lduf}n{ f s;n]
kf7

b]nf eGg] lrGtf eof] . æ>Ldfg\ h;f]t;f] pkrf/ vr{ h'6fpg t tof/ x'ge' of] . t/ lduf}n { f
s;n] lbg] <Æ pgn] ;'gfOg\ . pgn] elgg\, æ;xof]usf nflu w]/l} t/ bu'l/of] . ?g t slt
/f]Oof] slt . t/ ;'vdf lxt}ifL b]lvPsf klg cK7]/f] kbf{ la/fgf x'g k'u] . xTtkTt cfdfnfO{
eg]kl5 pxf“ lduf}n{ f lbg tof/ x'ge' of] . To;kl5 k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu c:ktfn egf{ ePsL
x'“ .Æ pgsf cg';f/ lduf}n { f k]mn eP hlTts} lrGtf bftf ge]l6“bf x'g] /x]5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
ljjfx u/L uPsf r]nLa]6LnfO{ emg} ;d:of x'g] /x]5 . pgn] elgg\,æg t 3/ kl/jf/n] ;xof]u
u5{g,\ g t dfOtL kIfn] g} . cfk\mgL cfdf dfq} ;Gtfgsf nflu h] ug{ tof/ x'g] /lx5g\ .Æ
dfgj cª\u k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|sf dflg;;d]t la/fdLsf cj:yfsf] leGgtfsf af/]df cgle1
5}gg\ . kl/jf/sf k'?if ;b:o la/fdL x'b“ f dlxnfx¿sf] hfoh]yf / u/uxgf ;a} a]r/] vr{
h'6fOG5 . pgLx¿åf/f g} lduf}n { f;d]t lbOG5 . dlxnf la/fdL x'b“ f eg] k'?ifåf/f lduf}n
{ f lbg]
s'/f lj/n} ;'lgG5 .
156 g]kfnL M sIff (
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cfdf]bn] eGof], æd cfh ljb\ofno hfGg“ . ;/nfO{ la/fdL 5 elgb]pm x} .Æ clgsf x'G5 eGb}
6fpsf] xNnfp“b} lx“8L . af6fdf lh1f;fn] ;f]wL, æcfdf]b vf]O{ t <Æ cfp“bg} /] eGb} pm km6fkm6
lx“8L . cln k/ lgdLiff, ;f}o{ / clgiff e]l6P . pgLx¿n] klg cfdf]bs} af/]df ;f]Wnfg\ eg]/
p;n] xTtkTt egL, æltdLx¿n] klg cfdf]bs} af/]df ;fWg] xf]nf lg . pm 6fpsf] b'v/] ;'ts ] f]
5 . ;a}nfO{ ToxL elglbg' eg]sf] 5 .Æ
#= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 sd{jfRo 5fGg'xf];\ M
cfh laxfg d bf“t dfe\mb} lyP“ . TolTts}df a|; ef“lrof] . To;kl5 skfn sf]g{ yfn]sL lyP“,

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sfO“of] klg ef“lrof] . Tof] s'/f d}n] zs'GtnfnfO{ eg]“ . pm eg] d]/f s'/f ;'Gb} g;'gL af]ln/fvL .
cfk\mgf] t cfh rf“8} u[xsfo{ klg ;lsof] . ca dHhf;“u lrof vfOG5 . bfOsL 5f]/LnfO{ ln6f]

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v'jfOG5 . clg efG5fdf uP/ crf/ agfOG5 . d}n] k]ml/ p;nfO{ cfu|xsf :j/df eg],“ æalxgL
dnfO{ t]/f] sf“Oof] b] g .Æ cfdfn] d]/f] s'/f ;'Gg'eP5 . pxf“n] dnfO{ cfk\mgf] sfO“of] lems]/
lbg'eof] .
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ljZjgfy cfk\mgf] sf]7fdf a;]/ /f]O/fv]sf] lyof] . lbbLn] pm /f]Psf] b]Vg'eof] . g/f]pm efO,
g/f]pm . clxn] /f]P/ s] sfd < cfk"m t ;fgfdf v'a /f]Oof] . b'Mv klg v'a kfOof] lg . laxfg}
p7]/ a'afnfO{ efG;fdf ;3fOof] . cfdfsf] hflu/ laxfg} lyof] . a]ns
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;3fOof] . u[xsfo{ ug{ slxNo} /fd|f;] u“ EofOPg . ljb\ofnodf ufnL vfOof] . kl5 t /ftL
ca]/;Dd a;]/ u[xsfo{ ug{ yflnof] . ;fgfdf b'Mv kfP klg clxn] eg] xf“l;“b} 5 .
%= jfRo kl/jt{g ug'x{ f];\ M
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-s_ s'df/n] lstfa lsGof] .

-v_ dåf/f eft vfOof] .
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-u_ lxhf] v'a bu'l/of] .

-3_ v]tfnfn] af/L vGof] .
-ª_ cfh t laxfg cf7 ah];Dd ;'ltP5 .
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] g\ .
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-h_ slt cf]6f syf kl9of] <
-em_ d';fn] sk8fdf Kjfn}Kjfn kf/]5 .
^= syfaf6 zAbsf ;'?df x|:j ePsf b; cf]6f zAbsf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ .
g]kfnL M sIff ( 157
&= syfaf6 zAbsf cGTodf bL3{ ePsf b; cf]6f zAbsf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ .
*= syfaf6 zAbsf lardf x|:j ePsf b; cf]6f zAbsf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ .
(= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf ePsf uNtL ;Rofpg'xf];\ M
ltdL t c;n kf] /xL5\of} . d]/f] ;fly l;tf n] eg]/ kf] yfxf kfP“ . vu]Gb|n] ;w}“ tLd|f] s'/f
sf6\Yof] . ToxL s'/f ;'g/] d}n] ltd|f af/]df g/fd|f] wf/0ff agfPsf] x'“ . pgL x?n] k|;z + f
u/]sf] dflg; rflx+ a? b':6 /x]5 . c?sf s'/f ;"g/] eGbf cfk}mn] Jojxf/sf] d"Nofª\sg
u/]/ dflgz lrGg' /fd|f] x'g] /x]5 .

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l;h{gfTds sfo{

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lbOPsf a'b“ fsf cfwf/df 5f]6f] syf tof/ kfg'x{ f];\ M
Pp6f hª\undf xfTtL / af“b/ ========== ;“u} ldn]/ a:g' ========== ;“u} vfg]s/' f vf]h/] vfg'
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vf]nf tbf{ af“b/ xfTtLsf] lkl7p“df r9\g' ========== vf]nf tg''{ ========== gl/jnsf] ?v Hofb} cUnf]
x'g' ========== xfTtLn] af“b/nfO{ gl/jn l6k]/ Nofpg eGg' ========== af“b/nfO{ gl/jn af]Sg
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cK7\of/f] x'g' ========== xfTtLn] d'vdf RofKg' ========== nf6f]sf];/] fn] gl/jn s;/L Nofof} egL
;f]Wg' ========== pgLx¿n] oyfy{ hjfkm lbg' ========== b'jn} ] ;dfg sfo{ u/]sfn] b'jn} ] cfcfk\mgf
sfddf 7'nf 5f} egL nf6f]sf];/] fn] lg0f{o ;'gfpg' ========== b'jn } ] Ps cfk;df dfkmL dfUg'
========== k'gM tL b'j} hgf ldn]/ a:g' ========== cfk\mgf] sfddf ;a}sf] plTts} dxTTj x'G5 eGg]
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