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INTRODUCTION
Theorist BettyNeuman was born in 1924, in Lowel, Ohio. She completed her BS in
nursing in 1957; MS in Mental Health Public health consultation, from UCLA in 1966;
and Ph.D. in clinical psychology
Theory was publlished in:
itoccurs after the system has been treated through secondary prevention
strategies.
offers support to the client and attempts to add energy to the system or
reduce energy needed in order to facilitate reconstitution.
1. PERSON=
A. Human being is a total person as a client system and the person is a layered
multidimensional being.
B. Each layer consists of five person variable or subsystems:
C. Physiological - Refers of the physicochemical structure and function of the body.
D. Psychological - Refers to mental processes and emotions.
E. Socio-cultural - Refers to relationships and social/cultural expectations and activities.
F. Spiritual - Refers to the influence of spiritual beliefs.
G. Developmental - Refers to those processes related to development over the lifespan.
2. ENVIRONMENT
A. "the totality of the internal and external forces (intrapersonal, interpersonal
and extra-personal stressors) which surround a person and with which they
interact at any given time."
B. The internal environment exists within the client system.
C. The external environment exists outside the client system.
D. The created environment is an environment that is created and developed
unconsciously by the client and is symbolic of system wholeness.
3. HEALTH
Health is equated with wellness.
“the condition in which all parts and subparts (variables) are in harmony with
the whole of the client (Neuman, 1995)”.
The client system moves toward illness and death when more energy is
needed than is available. The client system moved toward wellness when
more energy is available than is needed
NURSING
a. a unique profession that is concerned with all of the variables which influence
the response a person might have to a stressor.
b. person is seen as a whole, and it is the task of nursing to address the whole
person.
c. Neuman defines nursing as “action which assist individuals, families and
groups to maintain a maximum level of wellness, and the primary aim is
stability of the patient/client system, through nursing interventions to reduce
stressors.’’
d. The role of the nurse is seen in terms of degree of reaction to stressors, and
the use of primary, secondary and tertiary interventions.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SUBMITTED BY:
RAJNEET KAUR
ROLL NO: 11