See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/334708715

Node MCU Based Power Monitoring and Smart Billing System Using IoT

Chapter · January 2020

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24318-0_42

CITATIONS READS

0 1,109

4 authors, including:

K. Lova Raju K. Yaswanth Pavankalyan

Vignan University Vignan University
11 PUBLICATIONS   23 CITATIONS    4 PUBLICATIONS   0 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Simple-Link Sensor Network- Based Remote Monitoring of Multiple Patients View project

Smart Dustbin Monitoring and Tracking System View project

All content following this page was uploaded by K. Lova Raju on 06 August 2019.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Node MCU Based Power Monitoring
and Smart Billing System Using IoT

K. Lova Raju, K. Yaswanth Pavankalyan(&),

Sk. Md. Khasim, and A. Naveen

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur,
Andhra Pradesh, India
vaswanthpavankk@gmail.com

Abstract. Electricity is the heart of today’s world and now due to digitalization
it became key aspect to be taken care, which will enhance the way of living of
people and economic development of our country. For the past decades, there is
a lack of technological advancement for the basic structure of power grid which
involves lack of knowledge in power usage and also tedious billing system
through a dedicated worker need to take out the bill from meter and gives to the
particular consumer area by area, in addition to mistakes like extra billing
amount notifications from the electricity production board even bills are paid by
the consumer, are quite common. In some areas cameras also used to take the
reading but it is not so user friendly. All the above mentioned problems can be
solved by using Internet of Things based power management system which
keeps track of consumer loads in order to accurate billing, awareness about the
power consumption and a way to save the wastage of power by using some
threshold values which will turn off the required load through relay as per the
requirement. This paper mainly focuses on power management system which
utilizes Internet of Things (IoT) in order to improve the power management
levels and smart billing system with the help of smart meters and smart grids.

Keywords: Internet of Things
Smart meter
Smart grid
Billing system

Power management system

1 Introduction

In order to reduce the human efforts and to make the life of human comfortable so
many technologies are emerging day by day. Among those technologies Internet of
Things (IoT) is one of the trending technology which allows the communication of
nodes through internet in a network [1]. IoT is a network of physical objects, electronic
embedded devices, sensors and a network connection which enables the devices to
sense, analyze and exchange the data [2]. IoT is a boom due to the rapid technological
advancements in Wireless technology, sensor networks, and wireless communications,
networking and cloud technologies. There are various applications of IoT such as smart

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

S. C. Satapathy et al. (Eds.): ICETE 2019, LAIS 4, pp. 345–354, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24318-0_42
346 K. Lova Raju et al.

farming, smart home, connected car, wearables, smart city, industrial internet, smart
supply chain. A part from all these application the most important and focusable
application in order to improvement energy efficiency and smart billing which avoids
human intervention is smart grids [3] (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Definition of IoT

Smart grid will provide the two way communication between customers and
electricity suppliers. There are two types of electronic meters available in the market,
one type is electromechanical meters that are commonly used in the villages and the
second type is electronic meters which replaces the electromechanical meters in the
cities [4]. Electronic meters contain LCD/LED to display the readings. To show the
consumed units calibration LED is used in the meter. A special person is required to
read the meter and to note down the readings.

2 Related Work

In 2010, linear detection algorithm is used to detect which advances are active in their
power contributions but due to the errors in the data base it contains many problems.
Problems are robust to errors in this database. In the adjacent year 2011 using cloud
computing technology found the solution for efficiency calculation of individual
 Node MCU Based Power Monitoring and Smart Billing System Using IoT 347

equipment [5]. Later In 2012, using three feedback system, monitored the energy in
residential Real-Time. But there is a problem when we try to save the energy due to
continuous engagement of the device. During the 30-days after installation residences
result in low residential consumption rates which is used to determine the feedback
provided by the Real-time energy monitors [6]. In 2013 a smallest ZigBee compatible
node in existence came into picture which is known as green technology. This tech-
nology will possible in every place sensing different data types from energy metering to
the environmental monitoring. Eventually 1n the next year 2014, GSM technology
implemented automatic power will be reading. In 2016, Using Wi-Fi technology
application can develop for Apple and BlackBerry 10 OS, thus providing multiple
platform users support [7]. In 2017, using IoT technology An IoT device was created
which measures the voltage, current, power and energy of 3 phase four line power line.

3 Proposed System

The block diagram of proposed system comprises of Smart Energy meter contains
various components like Arduino Nano, Relay, Current Sensor, ESP8266 Wi-Fi
module, Regulated power supply and Android Mobile.

Fig. 2. Block diagram of proposed system

A brief explanation for the proposed system is given in the above block diagram
Fig. 2. To drive the Wi-Fi module and the current sensor a 7805 V regulator is used
which regulates 5 V power supply. Arduino Nano is used as a central controlling and
monitoring system for all devices. Relay will come into picture when the bill is not paid
to cut off the power supply. In proposed model ThingSpeak cloud is used to provide a
secured communication between electricity board to the meter and the same is used to
348 K. Lova Raju et al.

alarm the consumer when the billing time is reached also to send bill details. Current
sensor is utilized to sense power usage which is interfaced to Node MCU. The user can
get the information about the energy consumption, loads connected, corresponding
billed amount through the dedicated app which will be in their smart phones by the end
of the month [8]. Then one can directly pay our bill through that app. If bill was not
paid then the meter will automatically get turn off. To turn off the meter some threshold
value can be set for that. Hence, we can easily control our consumption of electricity
and know that how many units that consumer is utilizing on each appliance. This also
makes the billing system easier without any errors and intermediate human
intervention.

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of Smart Meter and Billing system

4 System Architecture

Power management can be broadly categorized as monitoring and billing. The energy
meter will be fitted with current sensors to detect the level of energy consumed.
Indicators like LEDs will be used for notifications. The data will be collected into the
ThingSpeak cloud through the Node MCU which will collect the sensor data [9]. Based
on the data collected, one can see the energy consumption and gets notifications when
consumption exceeds threshold value. The meter turns off, so that he can be alerted to
change the threshold value.
 Node MCU Based Power Monitoring and Smart Billing System Using IoT 349

5 Components Required

A. Hardware Component
As shown in the above Fig. 3 required hardware components are
1. Arduino Nano
2. Node MCU
3. Relays
4. Current Sensor

1. Arduino Nano: Arduino Nano is an ATmega 328 based bread board friendly board
in which is small in size. In proposed project Arduino Nano utilized for controlling
action of various devices connected to it and also its small size and economic solution.
It works with regulated external power supply of 5 V and unregulated power supply in
the range of 6–20 V.
2. Node MCU: Node MCU is a IoT platform which is an open source.it contains
hardware related to ESP-12 module along with firmware from Espress-if systems which
is based on ESP8266WiFi SOC rather than development kit Node MCU in a firmware
by default [10].
3. Relay: Relay is an electrical switch that activates and deactivates one circuit while it
is controlled by another circuit. Basically it is operated by electromagnet in order to
open and close either one or more contacts [11]. There are mainly two types of relays
single pole double through switch (SPDT) and double pole through switch (DPST).
These are used for cutting the power supply of particular load based on the demand of
the customer in order to save power.
4. Current Sensor: Present current sensor, ACS721 current module which is based on
ACS712 sensor [12]. The main function of this sensor is to sense and control the
current flow in a wide variety of applications such as switching mode power supplies,
digital watt meters over-current protection circuits etc., the maximum AC or DC that
can be detected can reach 5A. The current signal can be detected via analog I/O port of
Arduino Nano.
B. App Development
MIT app inventor is an open source web exercise provided by Google. Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT) is maintaining this app at present [13, 14]. In this project
one android app is developed which gives the information regarding number of loads
connected to the smart meter, total units of electricity utilized by the consumer about
cost and cut-off units also.
C. Flow chart of the Proposed System
(See Fig. 4).
350 K. Lova Raju et al.

Fig. 4. Flowchart of power monitoring and smart billing system

6 Results and Discussions

First when we on the power supply the meter gets start and shows the readings. The
below figure shows the until cutoff point (Fig. 5).
 Node MCU Based Power Monitoring and Smart Billing System Using IoT 351

Fig. 5. Before cut-off point

Now these are the readings in app until cut-off point (Fig. 6).

Fig. 6. Readings in app before cut-off point

Next we see the output of the project when it reached cut-off point. When the cut-
off value reaches then the kit will automatically turned off until we change the cut-off
point and it is as in below figure (Fig. 7).

Fig. 7. After cut-off point

352 K. Lova Raju et al.

Now these are the readings in app and the after cut-off point (Fig. 8).

Fig. 8. Readings in app when value reached cut-off point.

The data of the proposed system is uploaded into Thing speak software (Figs. 9
and 10).

Fig. 9. Power1 vs Time

Fig. 10. Power2 vs Time

 Node MCU Based Power Monitoring and Smart Billing System Using IoT 353

7 Conclusion

The proposed system makes the energy unit reading to be handy and calculates the
energy and the energy consumption of household along with smart billing. Hence it
creates awareness on power consumption and a way to save and manage power by each
individual consumer and also eradicates electricity deficit during summer which will
make consumer a self-interested guardian of power consumption and avoids wastage
along with the electricity bill monitoring. The immediate opportunities of smart
metering includes the areas of data access, energy efficiency, billing transparency,
compliance and performance which unfolds more exciting possibilities in the upcoming
future. This project creates awareness about power consumption and way to manage
power along with smart billing through an app by the application of IOT. It has a vast
importance in the field of energy management and monitoring and it provides the
interaction between customer and the service providers. The proposed project with its
real time application for power management and monitoring provides a reliable,
comfortable and important application at the same time it avoids human intervention.
Advancements in the technology further make the implementation of this system easier
in future.

References
1. Sasane Nikita N, Sakat Swati N, Nemane Shital K, Kaushik VR, Pallav PK (2017) IOT
based energy meter billing and monitoring system - a case study. Int Res J Adv Eng Sci 2
(4):64–68
2. Gogineni VR, Matcha K, Raghava Rao K (2015) Real time domestic power consumption
monitoring using wireless sensor network. Int J Electr Comput Eng (IJECE) 5:685–694
3. Chore A, Mali P, Vyanjane D, Karewar V (2018) IoT based smart electricity meter and
billing system. Int Res J Eng Technol (IRJET) 05
4. Erol-Kantarci M, Mouftah HT (2010) Wireless multimedia sensor and actor networks for the
next generation power grid. Ad Hoc Netw 9:542–551 (2011). www.elsevier.com/locate/
adhoc
5. Das HS, Saikia LC (2017) GSM enabled smart energy meter and automation of home
appliances, PP-978-1-4678-6503-1
6. Edward OO (2017) An energy meter reader with load control capacity and secure switching
using a password based relay circuit. In: Annual global online conference on information and
computer technology. ISBN 978-1-4799-8311-7
7. Cheng Y, Yang H, Xiao J, Hou X (2016) Running state evaluation of electric energy meter.
In: Workshop on electronics, computer and applications. ISBN 978-1-4799-4565-8
8. Shaikh RP, Dube RR (2016) Smart power management system using wireless sensor
network. Int J Adv Res Comput Commun Eng 5
9. Yerra RVP, Bharathi AK, Rajalakshmi P, Desai UB (2011) WSN based power monitoring in
smart grids
10. Byun J, Hong I, Park S (2012) Design and implementation of a smart home energy
management system with hybrid sensor network in smart grid environment. In: The eighth
international conference on wireless and mobile communications, ICWMC 2012, pp 159–165
354 K. Lova Raju et al.

11. Al-Ali AR, Zualkernan IA, Rashid M, Gupta R, Alikarar M (2017) A smart home energy
management system using IoT and big data analytics approach. IEEE Trans Consum
Electron 63:426–434
12. Gungor VC, Lu B, Hancke GP (2010) Opportunities and challenges of wireless sensor
networks in smart grid. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 57(10):3557–3564
13. Gungor VC, Sahin D, Kocak T, Ergut S, Buccella C, Cecati C, Hancke GP (2011) Smart
grid technologies: communication technologies and standards. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 7
(4):529–539
14. Corral P, Coronado B, de Castro Lima AC, Ludwig O (2012) Design of automatic meter
reading based on Zigbee. IEEE Lat Am Trans 10(1):1150–1154

View publication stats