TOPIC : MULTI COMPARTMENT

MODELS

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DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY
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Two Compartment Open Model
► The two-compartment open model is a pharmacokinetic
compartment model which considers that the body has two
compartments – the central compartment and the peripheral
compartment.
► The drug distributes rapidly and uniformly in the central
compartment. A second compartment, known as the tissue or
peripheral compartment, contains tissues in which the drug
equilibrates more slowly.
► Drug transfer between the two compartments is assumed to
take place by first-order processes.
Two Compartment Open Model
The elimination of drug occurs from the central compartment
unless specifically known to be otherwise for a drug.
Two Compartment Open Model-Types
There are three types of two compartment models to be
considered –
Model A-

IV administration Extravascular administration

Two Compartment Open Model-Types
► Model-B

► Model-C
Two Compartment Open Model-Curves

In the two compartment model, it is considered that the drug first

enters the central compartment and is immediately distributed in the
compartment homogeneously. This gives us the initial plasma
concentration.
Then the drug slowly distributes into the peripheral compartment from
the central compartment following 1st-order kinetics. As a result, the
amount of drug in central compartment is decreased and hence the
drug concentration in that compartment also decreases. Hence plasma
concentration declines. This is called the distribution phase.
Then the drug is eliminated from the central compartment. This again
causes decline of plasma drug concentration. This is called the
elimination phase.
Two Compartment Open Model-Curves
Two Compartment Open Model-Equations
Two Compartment Open Model- (VD)
In the two-compartment model, several types of volumes of distribution,
each based on different assumptions, can be calculated.
1. Volume of the Central Compartment
2. Apparent Volume of Distribution at Steady State
3. Extrapolated Volume of Distribution
4. Volume of Distribution by Area
1. Volume of the Central Compartment(Vp)
The volume of the central compartment is useful for determining the drug
concentration directly after an IV injection into the body.
Two Compartment Open Model- (VD)
At time = 0, Vp = D0 /Cp
Apparent Volume of Distribution at Steady State (VD)SS

At steady state, the rates of drug transfer between the two compartments are equal. So –
Refereces

✔ Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics – Leon Shargel

and Andrew Yu; 7th edition.
Chapter-5, Pg: 100-103,107-109
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