Sustainable System in a City

By Group D
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Sydney’s vegetation
- diverse for its size, where it would feature
various wet and dry biomes.

CBD, Sydney.
The domain gardens, are
places in close proximity to the
city center. They offer a
diversity of recreational
possibilities for people in
Sydney and hold the opposites
to a dense and busy City
Centre. For example:

-quietness
-space for big events
-space demanding activities
-few sensual impacts
-low noise and pollution
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
Parks
Sydney consist of 16 Major parks (iconic and award-winning) ;49 Local
parks (provide to our neighbourhoods); 48 Off-leash parks (dogs park)
and a lot of playgrounds.
Eg. Sydney Park (st peters)
a major landfill site
used as a brick-making site
Gardens
It is common to see gardens being located in every 20 minutes of
walking distance, even events being held in this gardens that actually
attract a lot of tourist’s attention.
Eg. Royal Botanic Garden, one
of the most crucial historic
botanical institutions in the
world
, the rare and threatened
plants garden has plants from
across the world
Buildings
Total emissions will increase by 32%, largely driven by growth in energy
consumption from new buildings.
Eg. Ryde Civic Center in Sydney
prioritize nature connections via a
circulation system that “serves as
a primary usable social
condenser with its intricate
succession of public plazas and
vertical gardens.”
Apartments
Approximately 75% of local residents live in apartment buildings. These
vertical villages account for 10% of local greenhouse gas emissions, 38% of
water use and 14% of waste.
Eg. One Central Park, Jean
Nouvel's Sydney towers
Central Park is projected to utilise
its own low-carbon natural gas
power plant, which shall allow for
thermal energy to be produced
for both residents and
employees.
RED INFRASTRUCTURE

The price of housing is driving

generational shifts in ownership
patterns that may fuel impetus
for larger scale structural social
and economic transformations.
The current unprecedented rate
of population growth and urban
renewal in Sydney requires daily
adaptation and resilience.

Housing for a diverse population

Dwelling density: Low
as aim of Sustainable Sydney
CBD, 2030.
Sydney. - To ensure housing is available
for low to middle income workers
High
in essential services.
- To improve social cohesion.
demand for employment land.

Historical Linkage of Sydney population and economy

Each day there are an estimated 1.2 million residents, workers, students and
visitors in City of Sydney local area. Forecasts indicate that unprecedented
growth seen since the 2011 Census will continue; the population will grow by
another 50 per cent to 270,000 by 2031.
Business/cultural districts have developed since World War II when
only a quarter of the workforce were located in the City. When railway
construction came rapid extension of the suburbs and the completion
of the Harbour Bridge allowed trains to continue from North Sydney
into the CBD. Increasing development where the railways didn't run,
and then further expansion around the city.
(C)
RED INFRASTRUCTURE

Population
Copenhagen raise
their reputation as a
good place to visit or
work. The aim
is to focus initiatives and
investments to allow Greater
Copenhagen to benefit from
high quality of life, knowledge
and adaptability in areas such
as energy, digitisation,
environment, health and
welfare technology.

Green economy drivers in Copenhagen:

1: Urban form. ‘Finger Plan’, create a compact urban form with high levels
of accessibility.
2: Innovation. Copenhagen’s innovation-led economy is strongly supported
by the high quality of its labour force and leading universities and research
institutions.
3: Investment.Copenhagen attracts inward investment
4: Skills and employment. The city’s unemployment rate is below the EU
average.
5: Enterprise. Levels of entrepreneurial activity are strong in Copenhagen
6: Energy and resource effectiveness.
7: Low carbon. Copenhagen produces very low per capita carbon emissions.
8: Environmental quality. Air quality in Copenhagen has improved
substantially.
ENVIRONMENT
SYDNEY COPENHAGEN
Green Space (8.3%)
Green space (46%) 1. Green space takes up 26.46qm per
1. Open and public spaces such as inhabitant in the City of Copenhagen (official
various parks, gardens and forest (95% municipal policy in Copenhagen that all
of Sydney’s residents live within a 5-10 citizens by 2015 must be able to reach a
minutes walk of green space) green space on foot in 10-15 minutes)

Green cycle route (5.3%) Green cycle route (28%)

2. 380 guided rides promoted riding In 2.‘green cycle routes’ urban retrofitting of
Sydney In June 2018 integrated green active travel routes across
a city: 2000 - ongoing

Green building (15.3%) Green building (27%)

3.Approximately 55% of Sydney’s 3. 35 % cut in energy consumption in
emissions are from buildings, including buildings have been achieved compared to
residential, commercial, retail and 2010. This increases the understanding of
industrial buildings interest in sustainable certification in
construction industry

Green space 8.3%

Green building 15.3%
CONCLUSION: The calculated comparison of green areas in both
Cycle route 5.3% cities are hard to differentiate. Due to forests are included in the
calculation of green spaces, the effort taken for green Cycle route 28%
Others 36.7%
Others 33.4% infrastructures (green built infrastructure) actually takes up more
percentage of Copenhagen which is around 55% while Sydney
Green space 46% remains 20.6%. Copenhagen is more ready to make the city Green building 27%
available as a green laboratory.
 SOLUTIONS
ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL ECONOMY
By comparing the amount of green By comparing social engagement of Compare housing & transport
infrastructure implemented streetscape and accessibility of cities

1 increase replacement of street car 1 increase the number of airport hub in

parks with cycle racks cities to invite more international social 1 deductibility of mortgage interest
contact

2 improve the connection of green

network such as parks, squares, 2 promote cycling & walking for citizens 2 don’t overvalue the house
streets and laneways to reduce air pollution by vehicle

3 offers all developers and property 3 improve streetscape facilities and

owners seeking LEED certification planning 3 promote reliable transport system
expedited review and permitting to
streamline green projects.
 Thank you

References:
Group members: 1. Fælledparken is a public park in Copenhagen, Denmark. (2020, April 29). Retrieved from https://ecstep.com/faelledparken/
Chong Hou Yin 0336812 2. Wallace, E. (2019, October 9). The Copenhagen artificial ski slope atop a power plant is now open. Retrieved from
Griffin Kong Zhen Onn 0336068 https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/ski-slope-powerplant-copenhagen-denmark/index.html
3. Cycling in Copenhagen. (2020, April 18). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_in_Copenhagen
Chew Jia Hui 0332239 4. Copenhagen: Green City, Green Parking. (2016, September 23). Retrieved from
Erica Chung Ai Yen 0332856 http://buildabetterburb.org/copenhagen-green-city-green-parking/
Jackson Goh Ding Yuan 0332139 5. candros910, ~. (2016, May 2). Building a Resilient Copenhagen: Urban Flood Mitigation in a Global City. Retrieved from
https://urpl590resilience.wordpress.com/2016/04/29/building-a-resilient-copenhagen-urban-flood-mitigation-in-a-global-city/
6. Stauffer, B., & Spuhler, D. (2019, May 28). Separate Sewers: SSWM - Find tools for sustainable sanitation and water
management! Retrieved from
https://sswm.info/sswm-university-course/module-2-centralised-and-decentralised-systems-water-and-sanitation/further/separate-s
ewers
7. McOmish, F. A., McOmish, F. A., & Freya August McOmish, C.-founder. (2020, March 11). How To Use Public Transport in
Copenhagen. Retrieved from https://www.scandinaviastandard.com/public-transport-in-copenhagen/
8. Marine outfall - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia. (2018, May 6). Retrieved from https://alchetron.com/Marine-outfall
9. Driverless trains are being embraced around the world - what could go wrong? (2019, May 30). Retrieved from
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-31/driverless-trains-embraced-around-the-globe-what-could-go-wrong/11155858
10. Athlyn Cathcart-Keays @Citiscope Feed Athlyn is a freelance journalist writing on sustainability. (2016, January 22). Why
Copenhagen Is Building Parks That Can Turn Into Ponds. Retrieved from
https://www.citylab.com/design/2016/01/copenhagen-parks-ponds-climate-change-community-engagement/426618/
11. Irvine, J. (2019, October 13). 'That time is now': Report calls for Sydney CBD congestion charge. Retrieved from
https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/that-time-is-now-report-calls-for-sydney-cbd-congestion-charge-20191013-p5308o.html
12. Ariza, M. C. (2020, March 17). Sustainable urban transport: what can we learn from Copenhagen? Retrieved from
https://blogs.iadb.org/ciudades-sostenibles/en/sustainable-urban-transport-what-can-we-learn-from-copenhagen/