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Music of Pakistan

The Music of Pakistan (Urdu: , Music of Pakistan


lit.  'pákistáni mosíqi') includes diverse elements ranging
from music from various parts of South Asia as well as
Central Asian, Middle Eastern, and modern-day Western
popular music influences. With these multiple influences, a
distinctive Pakistani sound has emerged.[1]

Contents
Genres
Traditional music
Classical (Semi-classical) · Folk · Ghazal ·
Ghazal
Qawwali · Sufi
Qawwali
Specific forms
Religious music
Hamd Religious Hamd · Nasheed · Naat ·
Naat music Qawwali · Sufi

Nasheeds Ethnic Balti · Balochi · Brahui ·


music Burusho · Burushaski ·
Regional music
Hazaragi · Hindko · Kashmiri ·
Balochi music
Khowar · Pashto · Pothwari ·
Balti music
Punjabi · Saraiki · Shina ·
Punjabi music
Sindhi
Potohari music
Other Bhangra · Pop (Filmi) · Hip Hop
Sindhi music
music · Rock (Sufi rock)
Shina music
Saraiki music Media and performance
Pashto music Music Hum Awards
Hindko music awards Lux Style Awards
Modern music Nigar Awards
Pop music Pakistan Media Awards
Rock music ARY Film Awards

Hip hop music Music Patari Haftanama


Filmi music charts

Notable artists Music All Pakistan Music Conference


Singers festivals Lahore Music Meet
Composers Lok Virsa Mela
Music Magazines
Producers
media Danka
Music journalism
See also Television
References ARY Musik · Coke Studio ·
External links Nescafe Basement · Uth
Records

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Internet
Traditional music
Taazi · Patari.pk
Classical music of Pakistan is based on the traditional music
Nationalistic and patriotic songs
of South Asia which was patronized by various empires that
ruled the region and gave birth to several genres of classic National Qaumi Taranah
music including the Klasik and Hindustani classical music. anthem
The classical music of Pakistan has two main principles, ‘sur’ Regional music
(musical note) and ‘lai’ (rhythm). The systematic
organization of musical notes into a scale is known as a raag. Azad Jammu & Kashmir · Balochistan ·
The arrangement of rhythm (lai) in a cycle is known as taal. Tribal Areas · Gilgit-Baltistan · Islamabad
Improvisation plays a major role during a performance. Capital Territory · Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ·
Punjab · Sindh
There are many families from gharanas of classical music
who inherited the music from their forefathers and are still
performing. Some famous gharanas are: Qwaal Bacha gharana (Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and
Rahat Fateh Ali Khan belong to this gharana), and Patiala Gharana (Shafaqat Amanat Ali Khan
belongs to this gharana).Ustad Ghulam Farid Nizami a prominent sitar player and a Sufi singer
belongs to the Senia Gharana. Number of other gharanas are present in Pakistan which serve classical
music. Some classical musicians like Ustad Badar uz Zaman do not belong to any famous gharana but
has served classical music enormously. The legendary sitar player Mohammad Sharif Khan
Poonchhwaley belongs to Poonch gharana of sitar. Ustad Rais Khan is another prominent sitar
player of Pakistan.

Shaukat Hussain, Tari Khan and Tafo Khan have been exponents of classical tabla playing from
Pakistan. Talib Hussain was one of the last remaining pakhawaj players of Pakistan and was a
recognized practitioner of the Punjab gharana style of drum-type instruments.

Ghazal

In poetry, the ghazal is a poetic form consisting of couplets which share a rhyme and a refrain. Each
line must share the same meter. Etymologically, the word literally refers to "the mortal cry of a
gazelle". The animal is called Ghizaal, from which the English word gazelles stems, or Kastori haran
(where haran refers to deer) in Urdu. Ghazals are traditionally expressions of love, separation and
loneliness, for which the gazelle is an appropriate image. A ghazal can thus be understood as a poetic
expression of both the pain of loss or separation of the lover and the beauty of love in spite of that
pain. The structural requirements of the ghazal are more stringent than those of most poetic forms
traditionally written in English. In its style and content it is a genre which has proved studied variety
of expression around its central theme of love and separation between lovers. The ghazals can be
written by male poets for women as well as by female poets for men, as an expression of one's feelings
about mutual love and whatever comes in that package- accompanying joys, frustrations,
disappointments, fulfillment and satisfactions. The ghazal spread into South Asia in the 12th century
under the influence of the new Islamic Sultanate courts and Sufi mystics. Exotic to the region, as is
indicated by the very sounds of the name itself when properly pronounced as ġazal. Although the
ghazal is most prominently a form of Urdu poetry, today, it has influenced the poetry of many
languages. Most Ghazal singers are trained in classical music and sing in either Khyal or Thumri.

Qawwali

Qawwali (Urdu: ‫ ) ٌا‬is the devotional music of the Chishti Sufis. Qawwali is a vibrant musical
tradition that goes back more than 700 years in South Asia . Although most Qawwali singers are
found in Pakistan and they performed mainly at Sufi shrines throughout South Asia, it has also gained
mainstream popularity. Qawwali music received international exposure through the work of the Sabri
Brothers in 1975, late Bakhshi Salamat, Aziz Mian and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, largely due to several
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releases on the 'Real World' label, followed by live appearances at


WOMAD festivals. Listeners, and often artists themselves are
transported to a state of wajad, a trance-like state where they feel
'one with God', generally considered to be the height of spiritual
ecstasy in Sufism. Qawwali was essentially created by Amir
Khusrau in the late 13th century in the Mughul Empire. During
the first major migration in the 11th century, the musical tradition
of Sama migrated to South Asia from Turkey. Rumi and his
Mevlana order of Sufism have been the propagators of Sama in
Central Asia. Amir Khusrau of the Chisti order of Sufis is credited The Mughal Emperor Muhammad
with fusing the Turkish, Persian, Arabic, and South Asian musical Shah was one of the most important
patrons of Qawwali and is widely
traditions, to create Qawwali as well as the classical music
credited for its cultural
tradition. The word "Sama" is used (or is the preferred name) in
advancement.
Central Asia and Turkey, for forms very similar to Qawwali while
in Pakistan, the formal name used for a session of Qawwali is
"Mehfil-e-Sama". Instruments used in qawwali include:

Tabla
Dholak
Harmonium
Rubab (instrument)
Sitar
Sarangi
Guitar
Violin
Saxophone
Drums
Flute
Shehnai
Piano
Harmonica
Tanpura
Ektara
Gharha
Keyboard
Chimta
Dhol
Dafli or Daf

A group of qawwali musicians, called Humnawa in Urdu,


typically consists of eight or nine men. Women are usually
excluded from traditional Muslim music as ' respectable women'
are traditionally prohibited from singing in mixed-gender public
gatherings. Traditionally over the centuries, this has been the
practice per the general interpretation of Islamic Law by the
religious scholars. Although women are encouraged to hold their
own 'Women Only' gatherings for reciting religious 'Naats' and
holding live dance and music parties with musical instruments on
Faiz Ali Faiz, a qawwali artist live in
'Just- Before- Weddings-Mehndi' celebrations. This again, has to
concert
be a 'Women Only' event per the long practiced tradition where
Islam generally discourages mixed-gender gatherings among
unmarried women and unmarried men. Although in the 20th
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century, the so-called modern era, actual practice among Islamic societies, has been that one will see a
lot of female musicians and female singers holding public concerts for both men and women. For
evidence, one can just read the musician name lists on this page to spot a lot of female names on those
lists now.

Religious music

Hamd

There is a large number of hamd and naat singers in Pakistan.


This is a type of Islamic religious music where poetical verses of
the love for God (Allah) is expressed. Some of the most famous
artists include Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, along with his
nephew Rahat Fateh Ali Khan. There are Sabri Brothers Qawwal,
Qawwal Bahauddin Khan from Karachi. 'Hamd' is also used
extensively in Christian religious music from Pakistan and all
over the world where people from this region are found. 'Hamd' is
not the exclusive domain of any religion. As pointed out – it
denotes praise to God, it is more extensively used in the Muslim Pakistani Sufi Saieen Zahoor.
world. It is usually used in conjunction with the Sanna (praise)
and referred to as 'Hamd – o – Sanna'. 'Naat' denotes praise to
the prophet Muhammad.

Naat

Nasheeds

Regional music
Pakistani folk music deals with subjects surrounding daily life in
less grandiose terms than the love and emotion usually contained
in its traditional and classical counterpart. In Pakistan, each
province has its own variation of popular folk music. Pakistan has
created many famous singers in this discipline such as the late
Alam Lohar, who was very influential in the period from 1940
until 1979: he created the concept of jugni and this has been a
folk song ever since, and he sang heer, sufiana kalaams, mirza,
sassi and many more famous folk stories. Other famous folk
singers include Sain Zahoor and Alam Lohar from Punjab and
Abida Parveen, Allan Fakir and Mai Bhaghi from Sindh, Akhtar
Chanal Zahri from Baluchistan and Zarsanga from Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province, who is considered the queen of Pashto
folk music.

Balochi music A trio of Pakistani folk singers


performing at a local gathering
The music of Balochistan province is very rich and full of varieties
due to the many different types of languages which are spoken in
the province, including Balochi, Pashto, Brahui, Dari and Saraiki.

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Balti music

According to Balti folklore, Mughal princess Gul Khatoon (known in Baltistan as Mindoq Gialmo—
Flower Queen) brought musicians and artisans with her into the region and they propagated Mughal
music and art under her patronage.[2] Musical instruments such as the surnai, karnai, dhol and
chang were introduced into Baltistan. Classical and other dances are classified as sword dances,
broqchhos and Yakkha and ghazal dances.[3] Chhogho Prasul commemorates a victory by the
Maqpon rajas. As a mark of respect, the musician who plays the drum (dang) plays for a long time. A
Maqpon princess would occasionally dance to this tune. Gasho-Pa, also known as Ghbus-La-Khorba,
is a sword dance associated with the Gasho Dynasty of Purik (Kargil). Sneopa, the marriage-
procession dance by pachones (twelve wazirs who accompany the bride), is performed at the
marriage of a raja.

Punjabi music

Music from the Punjab province includes many different


varieties. One can read the 'main article' link directly above for
details.

Potohari music

Potohari has a rich tradition of poetry recital accompanied by


sitar, ghara, tabla, harmonium and dholak. These poems
(potohari sher) are often highly lyrical and somewhat humorous A Punjabi dhol band, performing at
and secular in nature, though religious sher are also recited. a wedding in Multan

Sindhi music

Music from Sindh province is sung in Sindhi, and is generally performed in either the "Baits" or
"Waee" styles.

Allan Faqir
Abida Parveen
Bhagat Kanwar Ram
Runa Laila
Shazia Khushk
Zarina Baloch
Shaman Ali Mirali

Shina music

The predominant language found in Pakistan's Northern Areas has an extensive oral history which
dates back several thousand years. With the increase in tourism to Pakistan's Northern Areas and
increased domestic as well as international awareness of the local folk music, the Shina folk traditions
have managed to stay alive and vibrant. Folk music in this region has remained relatively pure and
unscathed by modern influences due to the relative isolation of this area. The arrival of many refugees
from the adjacent Nuristan province of Afghanistan and the subsequent increase in commercial
activity in Chitrali bazaars allowed this local form of music to flourish in the past few decades.

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Saraiki music

Saraiki language is spoken by 13.9 million people in southern Punjab and northern Sindh. Atta Ullah
Essa Khelvi Khan is one of the most famous Saraiki singers in Pakistan, hailing from Mianwali.

Pashto music

Pashto music is commonly found in the Federally Administered


Tribal Areas, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and in Pakistan's major urban
centres such as Karachi, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Sialkot
and Multan. Music genres include Tappa, Charbeta, Neemkai,
Loba, Shaan and Badala.

Hindko music
The Khattak Dance, a swift martial
Music from Hazara Division is sung in Hindko dialect, and is arts sword-dance performed by
generally performed in either the Mahiyay or Shaer styles. Pashtuns in Pakistan's Northern
Areas

Modern music
Pakistani music in the 21st century revitalized itself and has many segments as follows:

Pop music

Pop music really started in the South Asian region with the
famous playback singer Ahmed Rushdi's song ‘Ko Ko Korina’ in
1966. Composed by Sohail Rana, the song was a blend of 1960s
bubblegum pop, rock and roll twist music and Pakistani film
music. This genre would later be termed as filmi pop. Veterans
like Runa Laila and Alamgir started the pop industry in Pakistan.
Paired with Bengali singers Runa Laila and Alamgir, the singer is
considered the pioneering father of pop music, mostly hip-hop
and disco, in Pakistan.
Ahmed Rushdi, the father of pop,
Following Rushdi's success, Christian bands specialising in jazz also known as the first regular pop
singer of south Asia
started performing at various night clubs and hotel lobbies in
Karachi, Hyderabad and Lahore. They would usually sing either
famous American jazz hits or cover Rushdi's songs. Rushdi sang
playback hits along with Laila until the Bangladesh Liberation War when East Pakistan was declared
an independent state. Laila, being a Bengali, decided to leave for the newly independent Bangladesh.

Nazia Hassan, the sister of another pop singer Zohaib Hassan and the member of the pop group Nazia
and Zoheb, in 1981, became the first playback singer to release a pop music album. Her first album
was "Disco Deewane" and second was "Aap Jaisa Koi". Both the albums broke sales records in
Pakistan and India and even topped the charts in the West Indies, Latin America and Russia. Hassan
won several awards for her songs, including the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer for
the later and received the Pakistan's highest civilian award, Pride of Performance for her
contributions in the music field.

Modern pop singers such as Atif Aslam, Ali Zafar, Hadiqa Kiani, Goher Mumtaz and Farhan Saeed
have made international waves as well, winning numerous awards and performing in some of the
world's most prestigious arenas. In 2013 Atif Aslam became the first Pakistani pop singer to perform
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at The O2 Arena London twice and has sung several songs for Hollywood and Bollywood. Aslam is
also the youngest recipient of Tamgha-e-Imtiaz, one of Pakistan's highest civilian honours, for his
work in the music industry.[4][5][6] He was also named in 2012 among top performers of Dubai
alongside Pitbull, Enrique Iglesias, Il Divo, Gotye, Evanescence and Swedish House Mafia.

Rock music

The rise of rock music in Pakistan began in the 1980s when


cassettes first came into Pakistan bringing in a wave of Western
rock music, particularly groups such as Pink Floyd. Since then,
the nation's music industry has witnessed groups such as Junoon,
Vital Signs, Jal, and Noori. The nation has also since then seen
the rise of talented and internationally renowned musicians such
as Faraz Anwar.
Shallum Asher Xavier from
Hip hop music Pakistani rock band, Fuzon,
performing live at a concert
Pakistani hip hop is a blend of traditional Pakistani musical
elements with modern hip hop music.

Filmi music

Pakistan's film industry known as "Lollywood" is based in Lahore and Karachi.

Notable artists

Singers
Atif Aslam- Referred as the best singer in Pakistan
Aima Baig- famous singer
Ahmed Rushdi- film playback singer
Alamgir
Rohail Hyatt- Renowned musician,performer
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan- Composer and performer
Abida Parveen-Queen of Sufi music[7]
Ghulam Ali-Composer and performer
Ali Azmat - Rock singer, formed 'Junoon' with Salman Ahmed
Rahat Fateh Ali Khan- Popular playback singer
Sajjad Ali- renowned composer,singer,songwriter and performer
Goher Mumtaz- Formed the band 'Jal' with Atif Aslam
Mehdi Hassan- composer and performer
Hadiqa Kiani- renowned composer,singer, and writer
Mustafa Zahid- Pop singer, formed band Roxen
Qurat-ul-Ain Balouch- singer, performer
Ali Zafar - Popular singer and performer
Farhan Saeed
Abdullah Qureshi (singer) - singer, songwriter, and composer
Bayaan - Alternative Rock Band
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Amanat Ali Khan- performer of semi-classical ghazals


Amjad Bobby-film Music Composer
Asad Amanat Ali Khan
Barkat Ali Khan-Composer and performer of semi-classical ghazals
Badnaam (band) - Sufi grunge rock band
Farida Khanum- performer of semi-classical ghazals
Farhad Humayun - singer and composer
Habib Wali Mohammad- performer
Iqbal Bano- performer
Momina Mustehsan (Singer-songwriter, musician, and social activist
Khawaja Khurshid Anwar-film music Composer
M Ashraf- film music Composer
Malika Pukhraj- composer and performer
Master Abdullah- film music Composer
Mohammad Aizaz Sohail - Classical Singer
Munni Begum- composer and performer
Naheed Akhtar- film playback singer
Nayyara Noor- film and non-film playback singer
Natasha Khan[8][9] - Coke Studio Singer
Noor Jehan- film and non-film playback singer
Nazia Hassan- film and non-film playback singer
Rasheed Attre- film music Composer
Roshan Ara Begum-Semi-classic ghazals
Runa Laila- who is now Bangladeshi
Tahira Syed- performer
Tassawar Khanum- film and non-film performer
Tina Sani- TV performer
Usman Warsi
Ustad Badar uz Zaman-Semi-classic ghazals
Waqar Ali- film and TV Composer
Zoheb Hassan- film and non-film playback singer and composer
Munshi Raziuddin
Overload
Sabri Brothers
Amjad Sabri[10]
Qawwal Bahauddin

salman ahmed (http://www.enews.pk/salman-ahmed-has-been-nominated-for-covid-19-goodwill-a


mbassador-of-saarc-countries/)

Aziz Mian
Fareed Ayaz
Javed Bashir
Badar Ali Khan (Badar Miandad)
Sher Miandad
Sardar Ali Takkar (Pashto singer)
Gul Panra (Pashto pop singer)
Zarsanga (Pashto singer, often referred to as the Queen of Pashto folk music).
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Bakhtiar Khattak (Pashto pop and classical singer) .


Zeek Afridi(Pashto pop singer)
Haroon Bacha (Pashto singer known for classical, semi-classical songs)
Gulnar Begum (Pashto film playback singer)
Sara Haider - female singer from Coke Studio
Gulzar Alam (Pashto singer known for singing folk songs,and Ghazals)
Khyal Muhammad (Pashto singer known for Ghazal, classical and semi-classical songs)

Composers
Ghulam Haider (1908–1953)
Ghulam Ahmed Chishti (Baba Chishti) (1905–1994)
Rasheed Attre (1919–1967)[11]
Khwaja Khurshid Anwar (1912–1984)
Sohail Rana[12]
Nisar Bazmi (1925–2007)
Nashad (1923–1981)
Master Abdullah (1932–1994)
Robin Ghosh (1939–2016)[13]
M. Ashraf (1938–2007)[14]
Khalil Ahmed (1936–1997)
Ustad Tafu
Wajid Nashad (1953–2008)
Waqar Ali
Amjad Bobby (1942–2005)
Rohail Hayat (1983–present)[15]
Goher Mumtaz- 'Jal' (2002–present)

Producers
Badar uz Zaman – Originally a Classical singer yet worked a lot in the fusion of old music with
new one.
Mekaal Hasan – a member of the Meekal Hasan Band who has produced songs like "Aadat (http
s://musiciansofpakistan.blogspot.com/2019/03/nescafe-basement-brings-aadat-back.html)[16]" for
Jal The Band, "Sampooran" and "Andohlan" for his own band.
Rohail Hyatt – a member of Vital Signs who produced all the Vital Signs albums and albums for
various artists like Awaz, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Ali Azmat. Also known as a prominent
member,producer and musician of Coke Studio.
S.T.T. Productionz – One of the leading Rap, Hip hop, Trance, House and Electronic Music
production house. STT is a certified Audio Engineer qualified from Berklee College of Music and
background education from Toronto Canada. His music is mostly catered to international artists
based in Pakistan and/or abroad.
Shani Haider – a film composer and musician from a musical family who is known for his musical
approach blending jazz and orchestral music.
Hassaan Arif- A film composer and an audio engineer having a strong background in north Indian
music. Has produced and recorded well known artist like "Fareed Ayaz & Abu Muhammad",
"Ustad Naseerudin Saami" & many more.
Zeeshan Parwez produces artists.
Kashan Admani produces music and runs a music facility Dream Station Productions.
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Emad ur Rahman – a member of Kaya Band who produced and recorded well known artists /solo
and in bands in his 'High End Studios' like "Najam Sheraz", "Junoon", Ali Azmat", "Zoheb
Hassan", Hadiqa Kiyani, Shafqat Amanat Ali and many more.
Abbas Ali Khan -As a disciple of Ustad Fateh Ali Khan, Abbas draws his musical lineage from the
Patiala Gharana. Abbas has great command on numerous eastern raagas, which he leans on
when composing his musicAfter the release of his latest Sufi Fusion Album Tamaam Alam Mast,
Abbas plans to take his music across the globe and spread the message of Love, Peace and
Harmony.

Music journalism
Music journalism in Pakistan has grown over the years and most newspapers and TV channels have
their own reporters and critics on music of Pakistan. Besides the newspapers, many news websites
have also started giving coverage to Music in Pakistan. MangoBaaz, Musicians of Pakistan (http://mu
siciansofpakistan.com/), and VeryFilmi (https://veryfilmi.com/) are common examples.

See also
Acoustic Station
Coke Studio
Culture of Pakistan
Filmi pop
History of Pakistani pop music
Karachi: The Musical
List of Pakistani musicians
List of Pakistani film singers
List of Pakistani folk singers
List of Pakistani ghazal singers
List of Pakistani qawwali singers
List of Pakistani musical groups
List of songs about Pakistan
National Academy of Performing Arts
Nescafé Basement
Pakistani hip hop
Uth Records
List of most-viewed Pakistani music videos on YouTube

References
1. "Ministry of Information, Broadcasting & National Heritage!" (https://web.archive.org/web/2015041
4060812/http://nationalheritage.gov.pk/musicdances.html). Archived from the original (http://nation
alheritage.gov.pk/musicdances.html) on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015., Music and
Dances of Pakistan, Musical Instruments of Pakistan, Government of Pakistan, National Heritage
Wing website, Retrieved 14 September 2015
2. "BALTI MUSIC AND ART" (http://www.mybaltistan.com/History/History%20of%20Baltistan/Englis
h/6.htm).
3. Hussainabadi, Muhammad Yousuf: Balti Zaban 1990
4. "Atif Aslam Rocked the O2!" (http://bollyspice.com/41574/atif-aslam-rocked-the-o2). 6 May 2012.
Retrieved 8 May 2012., Retrieved 14 September 2015

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5. "Atif Aslam Dhamaka London concert" (http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a380267/atif-a


slam-the-o2-performance-was-really-exciting.html). 6 May 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.,
Retrieved 14 September 2015
6. "Bollywood Showstoppers Press conference" (http://bollyspice.com/56860/bollywood-showstopper
s-press-conference). 6 April 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2013., Retrieved 14 September 2015
7. http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-sufi-queen-mw0002087955/, Title of Queen of Sufi music
Abida Parveen on allmusic.com website, Retrieved 12 August 2017
8. Arif, Aayan (29 July 2018). "Musicians Of Pakistan: Natasha Khan - Making an Impact in the
World of Music" (https://musiciansofpakistan.blogspot.com/2018/07/natasha-khan-making-impact-
in-music.html). Musicians Of Pakistan. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
9. "Natasha Khan Pakistani Singer" (https://musiciansofpakistan.blogspot.com/2019/05/natasha-kha
n-pakistani-singer.html). Natasha Khan Pakistani Singer. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
10. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2016/06/23/amjad-sabri-sufi-singer--obituary/, Qawwal
Amjad Sabri's obituary on The Telegraph newspaper, UK, Published 23 June 2016, Retrieved 21
September 2016
11. http://www.cnbcpakistan.com/Musician-Rasheed-Attre%E2%80%99s-death-anniversary-today-
news-12359.html Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161009020917/http://www.cnbcpakista
n.com/Musician-Rasheed-Attre%E2%80%99s-death-anniversary-today-news-12359.html) 9
October 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Profile of film music composer Rasheed Attre on
cnbcpakistan.com website, Retrieved 21 September 2016
12. http://www.dawn.com/news/921154/shades-of-glory-sohail-rana, Dawn newspaper article on
music composer Sohail Rana, Published 19 April 2009, Retrieved 21 September 2016
13. http://images.dawn.com/news/1174831/, Tribute to music director Robin Ghosh after his death,
Dawn newspaper, Published 13 February 2016, Retrieved 3 January 2017
14. http://cineplot.com/m-ashraf/, Profile of music director M. Ashraf on cineplot.com website,
Retrieved 3 January 2017
15. https://www.dawn.com/news/859307, Profile of film music composer Rasheed Attre on
cnbcpakistan.com website, Retrieved 26 July 2009
16. Arif, Aayan (19 March 2019). "Musicians Of Pakistan: Nescafe Basement Brings Aadat's Nostalgic
Magic Back Leaving the Fans in Tears of Joy" (https://musiciansofpakistan.blogspot.com/2019/03/
nescafe-basement-brings-aadat-back.html). Musicians Of Pakistan. Retrieved 24 April 2019.

External links
(in French) Audio clips: Traditional music of Pakistan. (http://www.ville-ge.ch/meg/musinfo_ph.ph
p?what=pays=Pakistan&debut=0&bool=AND) Musée d'ethnographie de Genève. Accessed 25
November 2010, Retrieved 14 September 2015
BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): The Nizamuddin shrine in Delhi. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/program
mes/p005xm48) Accessed 25 November 2010, Retrieved 14 September 2015
BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): A mahfil Sufi gathering in Karachi. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/progra
mmes/p005xm4c) Accessed 25 November 2010, Retrieved 14 September 2015
BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Music from the Sufi Shrines of Pakistan. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/p
rogrammes/p005xhxj) Accessed 25 November 2010, Retrieved 14 September 2015

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Pakistan&oldid=967811917"

This page was last edited on 15 July 2020, at 13:15 (UTC).

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