Modern Physics

i) Nuclear Properties
1) What is Atomic number?
= The number of protons in a nucleus is called its
atomic number. It is denoted by Z. The identity of an
element depends on the atomic number of its nucleus.
2) What is Mass number?
= The total number of neutrons and the protons in a
nucleus is known as the mass number. It is denoted by
A. A nucleus is represented by , Example ;
3) What is Nucleon?
= Nucleon is the general name of neutrons and protons
in a nucleus.
4) What is Nuclide?
= Atomic species characterized by its Nuclide. i.e. the
mass number and atomic number.
5) What is Nuclear force?
= The force with which the nucleons are bound in a
nucleus is called nuclear force. In another word, by
which force the neutron and the proton combined in a
nucleus is called nuclear force.
6) What is Isotope?
= Nuclides having the same number of protons but
different number of neutrons are called the isotopes of
the element.
 7) What is Isobar?
= Nuclides having same mass number but different
atomic number are called isobar.
Example;

8) What is isotone?
= Nuclides having the same neutron number but
different proton number are known as isotone.

Example:

9) What is Nuclear charge?

= The number of unit positive charge carried by a
nucleus is equal to the number of its protons. Hence,
charge equals its atomic number Z. For example, a
hydrogen nucleus (i.e. proton) carries a single positive
charge whereas nobelium nucleus carries 102 units of
positive charge.
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