Modern Physics

i) Nuclear Properties
1) What is Atomic number?
= The number of protons in one nucleus is called its
atomic number. It is denoted by Z. The identity of an
element depends on the atomic number of its nucleus.
2) What is Mass number?
= The total number of neutrons and the protons in a
nucleus is known as the mass number. It is denoted by
A. A nucleus is represented by , Example ;
3) What is Nucleon?
= Nucleon is the general name of neutrons and protons
in a nucleus.
4) What is Nuclide?
= Atomic species characterized by its Nuclide. i.e. the
mass number and atomic number.
5) What is Nuclear force?
= The force with which the nucleons are bound in a
nucleus is called nuclear force. In another word, by
which force the neutron and the proton combined in a
nucleus is called nuclear force.
6) What is Isotope?
= Nuclides having the same number of protons but
different number of neutrons are called the isotopes of
the element.
 7) What is Isobar?
= Nuclides having same mass number but different
atomic number are called isobar.
Example;

8) What is isotone?
= Nuclides having the same neutron number but
different proton number are known as isotone.

Example:

9) What is Nuclear charge?

= The number of unit positive charge carried by a
nucleus is equal to the number of its protons. Hence,
charge equals its atomic number Z. For example, a
hydrogen nucleus (i.e. proton) carries a single positive
charge whereas nobelium nucleus carries 102 units of
positive charge.
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