DR ILKKA SYVÄNNE gained his
doctorate in history in 2004 from
Tampere University in his native Finland.
He was vice chairman of the Finnish
Society for Byzantine Studies from 2007
to 2016. In 2016 he was nominated as an
Affiliated Professor of the University of
Haifa. His previous books include the first
three volumes (of seven planned) of The
Military History of Late Rome; Caracalla:
A Military Biography (2017); and The
Reign of Emperor Gallienus (2019) all by
Pen & Sword.
Jacket design: Dominic Allen
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OVER 7000 TITLES AVAILABLE.
RECONSTRUCTS THE MILITARY CAMPAIGNS
OF THE PERIOD IN UNPRECEDENTED DETAIL
• includes the other reigns between the
EXPLAINS HOW AURELIAN AND
PROBUS ENSURED THE ROMAN EMPIRE
SURVIVED THE ‘THIRD CENTURY CRISIS’
MORE OR LESS INTACT
• then secured his achievements.
THOROUGH ANALYSIS OF FORCES,
STRATEGY AND TACTICS WITH PARTICULAR
EMPHASIS ON THE MILITARY MANUALS
AND THEORY OF THE TIME
•
NARRATES ROMAN CAMPAIGNS
AGAINST A WIDE RANGE OF ENEMIES:
GOTHS, ALAMANNI, FRANKS, SARMATIANS/
ALANS, PALMYRANS, PERSIANS, BLEMMYES
AND THE USURPERS
uk £25.00 • us $42.95
www.pen- a n d - sw ord .co.u k
This is a narrative military history of the
emperors Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
(‘Aurelian’, reigned 270-275) and Marcus
Aurelius Probus (276-282) which also
years 268 and 285. It shows how these
two remarkable emperors were chiefly
responsible for the Empire surviving and
emerging largely intact from a period of
intense crisis. It was Aurelian who first
united the breakaway regions, including
Zenobia’s Palmyra, and it was Probus who
The reigns of Aurelian and Probus
have been subjected to many studies, but
none of these have approached the extant
material purely from the point of view of
military analysis. Most importantly, the
previous historians have not exploited the
analytical opportunities provided by the
military treatises that describe the strategy
and tactics of the period Roman army. It
is thanks to this new methodology that
Ilkka Syvänne has been able to reconstruct
the military campaigns of these two soldier
emperors and their other contemporaries
in far greater detail than has been possible
before.
uk £25.00
us $42.95
www.pen-and-sword.co.uk