Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Tamag, Vigan City
2700 Ilocos Sur
College of Nursing
Website: www.unp.edu.ph Mail: unp_nursingvc@yahoo.com
CP# 09177148749, 09175785986

NCM 109 PEDIA

ACTIVITY 2
Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus

1
 By: Catherine A. Prado BSN II – B

Environment
Genes (e.g. microbiome, physical
activity, dietary factors)

Inflammation and Inflammation and

autoimmunity metabolic stress

Beta-cell Destruction Beta-cell Dysfunction

Hyperglycemia

Diabetes (Type 1, Type 2, Other forms)

Complications

Microvascular Complications Macrovascular Complications

 Retinopathy  Coronary Artery Disease

 Nephropathy  Peripheral Arterial Disease
 Neuropathy  Stroke

DIABETES MELLITUS. Genetic and environmental risk factors impact inflammation, autoimmunity,
and metabolic stress. These states affect β-cell mass and/or function such that insulin levels are eventually
unable to respond sufficiently to insulin demands, leading to hyperglycemia levels sufficient to diagnose
diabetes. In some cases, genetic and environmental risk factors and gene–environment interactions can
directly impact β-cell mass and/or function. Chronic high blood glucose levels are associated with
microvascular and macrovascular complications that increase morbidity and mortality for people with
diabetes.