Transportation

Engineering-III

TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
Road Accident
 An unexpected, unplanned occurrence that may involve
injury.
 Unpremeditated event resulting in recognizable
damage.
 Occurrence in a sequence of events, which usually
produces unintended injury, death or property damage.

 Basic Measures :

 Spot death: A person died on the spot or during accident

is called spot death.
Continued…

 Standard road death: A person died within 30 days of the road

accident is considering as standard road death.

 Causality : How much dangerous an individual accident is?

 Severity: How many times a dangerous accident occurred?

 Fatal Accident: An accident in which one or more person was

killed is called fatal accident. Or it means an accident which
causes death instantly, or at some time in the future.
Accident Type

Head On Collision
Rear End Collision
Right Turn Collision
Right Angle Collision
Brush Side Swipe
Overturning
Hit Object On Road
Hit Object Off Road
Pedestrian Accident
Causes of Accidents
 Divers Factor:
 Over Speeding .
 Overloading.
 Overtaking.
 Reckless Driving.
 Not Followed Traffic Rules/ Sign.
 Un-authorized Licenses Holders
 Unfit Vehicles
 Use of Mobile Phone.
 Absence Minds
Overloading
Overtaking
Use of Mobile Phone
Traffic Management
Factor

 Non-Motorized Vehicle on Highways.

 Have no access Control.
 Traffic Jam.
 Guest Vehicles On The Occasions.
Non-Motorized Vehicle
On Highways
Have no access Control
Awareness Factor :
 Lack Of Awareness Of Passengers.
 Lack Of Awareness Of Pedestrian.
 Tendency To Not Follow Traffic Rules.
Road Factor :

 Not Proper Design For Road Safety

 Width Of Highways
 Link Roads
 Sharpe Turning Of Highways
 No Footpath & Foot Over Bridge
 Unplanned Bus Stand On Highways
 Obstruction In Sight Distance
Enforcement Factor :

 Industries/Factories Adjacent to Highway.

 Footpath Occupied By Hawker.
 Temporary Vegetable Markets Beside
Highway
 Accident Record Not Database.
 Lack Of Road Safety Audit.
 Unauthorized Parking On Highway
Causality classification of
Accident

 Fatal accident
 Injured with hospital admission
 Injured with medical treatment
 Injured with no medical treatment
 Property damage
Contribution to Accident

 Road 28-34% of total accident

 Human 93-94%
 Vehicle 8-12%

Human

Road/
Vehicle Infrastructure

Fig: Interaction Diagram of transportation System component

Accident Analysis
Minimum Accident Data

 Location
 Accident number
 Day
 Time
 Severity
 Road condition
 Lighting condition
 Traffic control
 Road user movement(RUM)
Basic Question to Record
an Accident

 Where the accident occurred?

 When the accident occurred?
 Who was involved?
 What was the result?
 What was the environmental condition?
Collision Diagram
Each accident at the site is displayed in this diagram, with arrows
and annotations which summarize details of each accident.
Clustering
 This term is used to describe the situation when a large
number of accident occur in fewer number of site
identified with repeated number of accident.
Ranking