KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

NAMAKKAL-TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM, TRICHY -621 215

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
REGULATIONS - 2013
YEAR/SEM: III/VI SUBJECT CODE & NAME: ME6604 - GAS DYNAMICS AND JET
PROPULSION

QUESTION BANK
UNIT – I BASIC CONCEPTS AND ISENTROPIC FLOWS

Part –A

1. Write the steady flow energy equation for isentropic flow of an air. June 2016
2. Distinguish a static and stagnation quantities. June 2016
3. What is meant by gas dynamics? May 2015
4. Define Mach number. May 2015, Dec2011, May 2008
5. Distinguish between nozzle and diffuser. June 2014
6. Distinguish between compressible and incompressible flow. June 2013, May 2010, June 2006
7. ‘Zone of silence’ is absent in subsonic flow. Why? June 2012, June 2009
8. Define stagnation enthalpy, Pressure. May 2010, Dec 2005, May 2015
9. What is subsonic, sonic and supersonic flow with respect to Mach number? May 2011, Dec 2007
10. Express the stagnation enthalpy in terms of static enthalpy and velocity of flow. June 2007
11. Define Mach Cone. May 2008, June 2006
12. How the area and velocity vary in supersonic flow of nozzle and diffuser? June 2012, May 2011
13. The static temperature of air is 300°C and velocity is 200m/s. Find maximum possible velocity.
14. Explain Mach wave and Normal shock. Dec2005
15. Define crocco Number. May 2005

Part – B

1. Derive the expression for pressure coefficient equation for compressible flow.
2. Derive the expression for effect of Mach number on compressibility (or)
P 0−P1 M2 M4
Prove that
½ ρC 2
= 1+ 4 + 40 + …..
3. The pressure, temperature and fluid velocity of air at the entry of a flow passage are 3.45bar,
300K and 150m/s. The pressure, temperature and velocity at the exit of a flow passage are
2.058bar, 277K and 260m/s. The area of cross section at entry is 500cm 2. Determine a)
Stagnation temperature b) Maximum velocity c) Mass flow rate d) Exit area. Air is
discharged from a receiver at P0 = 6.91bar and T0 = 325°C through a nozzle to an exit pressure of
0.98bar. If the flow rate is 3600kg/hr. Determine a) Area, pressure and velocity at throat b) Area
and Mach number at exit c) Maximum velocity.
4. A gas flows in a duct of 40cm diameter at inlet pressure of 3bar, temperature of 450K and
velocity of 180m/s. Calculate a) Mass flow rate b) Stagnation temperature c) Mach number d)
Stagnation pressure. (Take γ = 1.3, Cp = 1.05kJ/kg K)

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 KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL-TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM, TRICHY -621 215
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
5. Air is discharged from a receiver at P 0 = 6.91bar and T0 = 325°C through a nozzle to an exit
pressure of 0.98bar. If the flow rate is 3600kg/hr. Determine a) Area, pressure and velocity at
throat b) Area and Mach number at exit c) Maximum velocity.
6. The pressure, temperature and Mach number at the entry of a flow passage are 2.45bar, 26.5°C
and 1.4. If the exit Mach number is 2.5, determine a) Stagnation temperature b) Temperature and
velocity at exit c) Flow rate per square meter of the inlet cross section.
7. A conical air diffuser has an inlet diameter of 15cm and an exit diameter of 30cm. Air enters the
diffuser with a static pressure of 0.69bar, static temperature of 340K and velocity of 180m/s.
Calculate a) Exit pressure b) Exit velocity c) Force exerted.
8. An air nozzle is to be designed for an exit Mach number of 3.5. The stagnation conditions for the
isentropic flow are 800kPa and 240°C. Estimate pressure, temperature, velocity and area at throat
and exit for mass flow rate of 3.5kg/s.
9. A supersonic diffuser, air in an isentropic flow from a mach number of 3 to 1.5. The static
conditions of air at inlet are 70kPa and -7°C. If the mass flow rate of air is 125kg/s, determine
the stagnation conditions, areas at throat and exit, static condition of air exit.
10. The pressure, temperature and velocity of air at the entry of a diffuser are 0.7bar, 345K and
190m/s. The entry diameter of a diffuser is 15cm and exit is 35cm. Determine a) Exit pressure b)
Exit velocity c) Fore exerted.
11. A conical air diffuser has an inlet diameter of 40cm and an exit diameter of 80cm. Air enters the
diffuser with a static pressure of 200kPa, static temperature of 37°C and velocity of 265m/s.
Calculate a) Mass flow rate b) Properties at exit.

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 KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL-TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM, TRICHY -621 215
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIT – 2 FLOW THROUGH DUCTS

Part –A

1. Give the Rayleigh flow in h-s diagram. Show various Mach number regions. Dec 2009
2. Differentiate Fanno flow and Rayleigh flow. May 2015, June 2013, June 2006
3. Give two practical examples for Fanno flow and Rayleigh flow analysis. May 2011, May 2010
4. What are the assumptions made for Fanno flow? May 2011
5. Draw the h-s diagram for Fanno flow and show various Mach number regions. May 2008
6. What are the assumptions made for Rayleigh flow? June 2014, June 2012, May 2010
7. Define critical condition in Fanno flow. June 2014
8. State assumption made to drive isothermal flow equations. June 2013
9. Differentiate Fanno flow and isothermal flow. Dec 2009, Dec 2003
10. What is the limiting Mach number in isothermal flow? Dec 2008
11. State the two governing equations used in plotting Rayleigh line. Dec 2005
12. Write down the ratio of velocities in terms Mach number in Fanoo flow. May 2004
13. Write down the ratio of density in terms Mach number in Fanoo flow. May 2004

Part – B

1. Air is supplied to a combustion chamber in a gas turbine plant at 350K, 0.55 bar and 75m/s. The
air –fuel ratio is 29 and the CV is 42MJ/kg. Determine a) Initial and Final Mach number b) Final
Pressure, temperature and velocity c) Maximum stagnation temperature d) Stagnation pressure
loss.
2. Air enters a constant area duct at M1 = 3, P1 = 1 atm and T1 = 300 K. inside the duct the heat
added per unit mass is q = 3 × 105 J/Kg. Calculate the flow properties M2, P2, T2, ρ2, To2 and Po2
at the exit.
3. The pressure, temperature and Mach number of air in a combustion chamber are 4bar, 100°C and
0.2. The stagnation temperature of air in a combustion chamber in increased 3 times its initial
valve. Calculate a) Mach number, pressure and temperature at exit b) Stagnation pressure loss c)
Heat supplied per kg of air.
4. The Mach number at inlet and exit for a Rayleigh flow are 3 and 1.5. At inlet static pressure of
air is 50kPa and stagnation temperature is 295K. Find a) All properties at exit b) Stagnation
pressure c) Heat transfer d) Maximum heat transfer e) Change in entropy.
5. The stagnation temperature of air in a combustion chamber is increased to 3.5 times its initial
value. If the air is at 5bar, 105°C and Mach number of 0.25. Determine a) mach number, pressure
and temperature at exit b) Stagnation pressure loss c) heat supplied per kg of air.
6. .The mach number at the exit of a combustion chamber is 0.9. The ratio of stagnation
temperatures at exit and entry is 3.74. If the pressure and temperature of the gas at exit are 2.5
bar and 1273 K respectively, determine: i) Mach number, pressure and temperature of the gas at
entry ii) the heat supplied per Kg of the gas and iii) the maximum heat that can be supplied.

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 KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL-TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM, TRICHY -621 215
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
7. Air at P0 = 11bar, T0 = 420K enters a 45mm diameter pipe at a Mach number of 3 and the friction
coefficient for the pipe surface is 0.001. If the Mach number at exit is 0.8. Determine a) Mass
flow arte b) Length of the pipe c) Maximum length of pipe.
8. A circular duct passes 8.25kg/s of air at an exit Mach number of 0.5. The entry pressure and
temperature are 3.5bar and 38°C and coefficient of friction is 0.005. If the Mach number at entry
is 0.15. Determine a) Diameter b) length c) Pressure and temperature at exit d) Stagnation
pressure e) Maximum length of duct.
9. Air is flowing in an insulated duct with f=0.002. At the inlet velocity is 130m/s, 400Kand 250kPa. The
diameter of duct is 16cm. (i) Find the length of pipe required that gives 20% drop in stagnation pressure.
(ii) Find the maximum length of pipe. (iii) Find the properties of air at a section 3.5m from inlet.
10. Air at Po = 10 bar, To = 400 K is supplied to a 50 mm diameter pipe. The friction factor for the
pipe surface is 0.002. If the Mach number changes from 3.0 at the entry to 1.0 at the exit
determine i) the length of the pipe and ii) the mass flow rate.

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 KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL-TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM, TRICHY -621 215
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIT -3 NORMAL AND OBLIQUE SHOCKS

Part –A

1. Mention the useful applications of shock waves May 2010

2. What are the situations where shocks are undesirable? May 2010
3. Define strength of shock wave. Dec 2009, Dec 2008, May 2004
4. Shock waves cannot develop in subsonic flow. Why? May 2011
5. What is normal shock and oblique shock? May 2015, May 2011,Dec2014, May 2004
6. Define deflection angle in oblique shock wave. May 2015
7. What is Prandtl Meyer relation? May 2015, May 2008
8. What is the use of pitot tune in supersonic flow? May 2014, Dec 2009
9. Derive the static pressure ratio across the shock. Dec 2003
10. Why the efficiency of a machine, experiencing shock wave is considerably low? June 2014
11. What are the effects of shock waves? June 2010
12. Calculate the strength of shock wave when normal shock appears at M=2.

Part-B

1. Drive the expression for Prandtl – Meyer relations.

2. Derive the equation for Mach number in the downstream of the normal shock wave.
3. Derive the equation for density ratio across the shock waves.
4. Air flows adiabatically in a pipe. A normal shock wave is formed. The pressure and temperature
of air before the shock are 150kN/m2 and 25°C. The pressure just after the normal shock is
350kN/m2. Calculate a) Mach number before shock b) Mach number, static temperature and
velocity after shock c) Increase in density of air d) Loss of stagnation pressure e) Change in
entropy.
5. A convergent divergent nozzle is designed to expand air from a reservoir in which the pressure is
800kPa and temperature is 40°C to give a Mach number at exit of 2.5. The throat area is 25cm 2.
Find a) Mass flow arte b) Exit area c) When a normal shock appears at a section where the area
is 40cm2, determine the pressure and temperature at exit.
6. The velocity of a normal shock wave moving into stagnation air (P=1bar, T=17°C) is 500m/s. If
the area of cross section of the duct is constant, determine pressure, temperature, velocity,
stagnation temperature and Mach umber imparted upstream of the wave front.
7. The ratio of the exit to entry area in a subsonic diffuser is 4.0. The Mach number of a jet of air
approaching the diffuser at Po = 1.013 bar, T = 290 K is 2.2. There is a standing normal shock
wave just outside the diffuser entry. The flow in the diffuser is isentropic. Determine at the exit
of the diffuser, I) Mach number ii) Temperature and pressure iii) What is the stagnation pressure
loss between the initial and final stages of the flow.

8. A convergent divergent nozzle operates at off design condition while conducting air from a high
pressure tank to a large container. A normal shock occurs in the divergent part of the nozzle at a

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 KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL-TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM, TRICHY -621 215
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
section where the cross section area is 18.75 cm2. The stagnation pressure and stagnation
temperature at the inlet of the nozzle are 0.21 Mpa and 36 C respectively. The throat area is 12.5
cm2 and the exit area is 25 cm 2. Estimate the exit mach number, exit pressure, loss in stagnation
pressure and entropy increase during the flow between the tanks.
9. Air approaches a symmetrical wedge (angle of deflection = 15°) at a Mach number of 2.
Consider both strong and weak wave conditions. Determine the wave angle, pressure ratio,
density ratio, temperature ratio and downstream Mach number.
10. Air approaches a symmetrical wedge (angle of wave = 60°) at a Mach number of 2.4. Determine
a)Deflection angle b)Pressure ratio c)Temperature ratio d)Final Mach number.
11. A gas (γ = 1.3) at P1 = 345 mbar, T1 = 350 K and M1 = 1.5 is to be isentropically expanded to
138 mbar. Determine i) Deflection angle ii) Final Mach number and iii) the temperature of the
gas.

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 KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL-TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM, TRICHY -621 215
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIT -4 JET PROPULSION

Part –A

1. What are the benefits of thrust augmentation in a turbojet engine? May 2012
2. Define propulsive efficiency. May 2015, May 2014
3. What are the main parts of Ramjet Engine? May 2004
4. Find the ratio of jet to flight speed for optimum propulsive efficiency. Dec 2004,May 2012
5. Explain the Scram jet. May 2005
6. Sketch the thrust and propulsive efficiency variation against the speed ratio for a turbojet engine.
Dec 2009
7. What type of compressor used in turbojet? Why? May 2015
8. Why a ram jet engine does not require a compressor and turbine? May 2014, Dec 2014
9. Define propulsive efficiency. May 2004
10. What are the various types of air breathing engine? May 2003
11. What is thrust augmentation? May 2014,May 2011, Dec2009
12. How is turbofan engine different from turbo Jet engine? June 2013
13. What is ram effect? June 2014
14. What is after burning in turbojet engine? June 2009, Dec 2008

Part-B
1. Explain the construction and operation of Ramjet engine and also state its advantages and
disadvantage.
2. Explain the principle of operation of a turbojet engine and state its advantages and disadvantage.
3. Explain the main components of Turbo – Propeller Engine with sketch.
4. Explain the principle of operation of a turbofan engine and state its advantages and disadvantage.
5. With neat sketch describe the working principle of Pulse jet engine.
6. A turbojet engine operating at a Mach number of 0.8 and altitude is 10km has the following data.
Calorific value of the fuel is 42000kJ/kg. Thrust force is 50kN, mass flow rate of air is 45kg/s,
mass flow rate of fuel is 2.65kg/s. Determine the specific thrust, thrust SFC, jet velocity, thermal
efficiency, propulsive efficiency and overall efficiency.
7. A turbojet propels an air craft at a speed of 900km/hr while taking 3000kg of air per minute. The
isentropic enthalpy drop in the nozzle is 200kJ/kg and nozzle efficiency is 90%. The air fuel ratio
is 85 and the combustion efficiency is 95%, CV = 42MJ/kg. Calculate propulsive power,
Thermal efficiency, propulsive efficiency and overall efficiency.
8. A ramjet engine operates at M=1.2 at an altitude of 6500m. The diameter of inlet diffuser at
entry is 50cm and the stagnation temperature at the nozzle entry is 1500K. CV= 40MJ/kg. The
velocity of the air at the diffuser exit is negligible, calculate efficiency, flight speed, air flow rate,
diffuser pressure ratio, fuel air ratio, nozzle jet Mach number. The efficiencies of the diffuser =
0.9, combustor = 0.98 and nozzle = 0.96
9. A ramjet engine operates at M=1.4 at an altitude of 6000m. The diameter of inlet diffuser at
entry is 40cm and the stagnation temperature at the nozzle entry is 1500K. CV= 43MJ/kg.
Calculate efficiency, flight speed, air flow rate, diffuser pressure ratio, fuel air ratio, nozzle jet

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 KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL-TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM, TRICHY -621 215
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Mach number, Nozzle pressure ratio, propulsive efficiency and thrust. The efficiencies of the
diffuser = 0.92, combustor = 0.97 and nozzle = 0.95. Stagnation pressure loss in the combustion
chamber = 0.02Po2.
10. A simple turbojet unit operates with a turbine inlet temperature of 1050 oC. The following data
refer to this unit when tested at ground level. Assume C p and γ for gases and air as same as 1.005
and 1.4 respectively. Compressor pressure ratio = 7.5, Nozzle efficiency = 96%, Ambient
pressure = 100kPa, Ambient temperature = 27 oC, Mass of air = 25 kg/s. Neglect mass of fuel for
calculation of thrust and neglect pressure losses. Calculate i) Thrust ii) Velocity at exit of the
nozzle iii) Specific fuel consumption.
11. Calculate the thrust and specific thrust of a jet.

Total head isentropic efficiency of compressor = 80%

Total head isentropic efficiency of turbine = 85%
Total pressure ratio including combustor pressure loss= 4
Combustion efficiency = 98%
Mechanical transmission efficiency = 98%
Nozzle efficiency = 98%
Maximum cycle temperature = 1000K
Air rate of flow = 220N/s
For air Cp = 1005J/kgK, γ = 1.4
For gases Cp = 1153J/kgK, γ = 1.3
Ambient temperature and pressure are 15°C and 1 bar.
Neglect the weight of fuel.

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 KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL-TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM, TRICHY -621 215
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIT -5 SPACE PROPULSION

Part –A

1. Mention any four applications of rocket. June 2012

2. List down the types of rocket engines? May 2015, June 2013, May 2011
3. What is monopropellant? Give an example. May 2015, June 2013, May 2011
4. Differentiate Jet propulsion and Rocket propulsion. Oct 2003
5. Classify the rocket engines based on source of energy employed. May 2004, May 2011
6. Explain the types of solid propellants. Dec 2005
7. Why rocket is called as non- breathing engine? Can rocket work at vacuum? June 2014, June
2009.
8. What is the use of inhibitors in solid propellant? June 2014
9. What is bypass engine and define bypass ratio? May 2010, Dec 2007
10. What is meant by hypergolic propellant? May 2010
11. What is terminal velocity? June 2006
12. Name some propellants for space applications. June 2006
13. What is scram jet? May 2005
14. Write down the properties of solid propellant.

Part –B

1. Explain the construction and operation of liquid propellant rocket engine.

2. Describe the important properties of liquid and solid propellants for rocket.
3. With neat sketch explain any two arrangements used for fuel feeding in liquid propellant rocket
system.
4. Explain the main components of nuclear rocket engine with neat sketch.
5. Describe with a schematic diagram the principle of working of a Solid propellant and hybrid
propellant rocket engine.
6. What are different types of electrical rocket engines and explain with neat sketch.
7. Derive the thrust equation for rocket engines.
8. A rocket files at 10,080kmph with an effective exhaust jet velocity of 1400m/s and propellant
rate of 5kg/s. If the CV = 6500kJ/kg, determine a) Propulsive efficiency b) Engine output c)
Thermal efficiency d) Overall efficiency.
9. A rocket engine has the following data. Combustion chamber pressure is 38bar, combustion
chamber temperature is 3500K, oxidizer flow rate is 41.67kg/s, mixture ration is 5, and the
properties of exhaust gases are Cp/Cv=1.3 and R=0.287kJ/kgK. The expansion takes place to the
ambient pressure of 0.0582bar. Calculate the nozzle throat area, thrust, thrust coefficient, exit
velocity and maximum possible exhaust velocity.
10. A rocket engine has the following data. Combustion chamber pressure is 36bar, combustion
chamber temperature is 3600K, oxidizer flow rate is 41kg/s, mixture ration is 5, and the
properties of exhaust gases are γ=1.3 and R=287J/kgK. The expansion takes place to the ambient
pressure of 585N/m2. Calculate the nozzle throat area, thrust, thrust coefficient, characteristic
velocity and exit velocity.

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 KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL-TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM, TRICHY -621 215
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
11. A rocket has the following data: Propellant flow rate = 5kg/s, Nozzle exit diameter =10cm,
Nozzle exit pressure = 1.02bar, ambient pressure=1.013bar, Thrust chamber pressure =20bar,
Thrust =7kN. Determine the effective jet velocity, actual jet velocity, specific impulse and
specific propellant consumption. Recalculate the values of thrust and specific impulse for an
altitude where the ambient pressure is 10mbar.
12. A rocket has the following data: effective jet velocity = 1200m/s, Flight to jet speed ratio = 0.82,
Oxidizer flow rate = 3.4kg/s, fuel flow rate = 1.2kg/s and heat reaction per kg of the exhaust
gases = 2520kJ/kg. Calculate thrust, specific impulse, propulsive efficiency, thermal efficiency
and overall efficiency.

Faculty Incharge Coordinator HOD

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