COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN

SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

Arellano St., Dagupan City

Name of Student: Mark Francis E. Munar Student No: 18-7404-338

Course: Doctor of Philosophy Prof: Dr. Rhea B. Madamba
Major: Educational Leadership & Management Summer SY 2019-2020

DELM 111 - EDUCATIONAL INQUIRY & FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

Activity 1

What are the educational foundations of education? Discuss each

comprehensively. Which among them has the greatest influence to your
leadership style and managerial practices?

Foundations of Education refers to a broadly-conceived field of educational study

that derives its character and methods from a number of academic disciplines,
combinations of disciplines, and area studies, including: history, philosophy,
sociology, anthropology, religion, political science, economics, psychology,
cultural studies, gender studies, comparative and international education,
educational studies, and educational policy studies. As distinct from
Psychological Foundations of Education, which rely on the behavioral sciences,
these Standards address the Social Foundations of Education, which rely heavily
on the disciplines and methodologies of the humanities, particularly history and
philosophy, and the social sciences, such as sociology and political science. The
purpose of foundations study is to bring these disciplinary resources to bear in
developing interpretive, normative, and critical perspectives on education, both
inside and outside of schools.
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Arellano St., Dagupan City

Name of Student: Mark Francis E. Munar Student No: 18-7404-338

Course: Doctor of Philosophy Prof: Dr. Rhea B. Madamba
Major: Educational Leadership & Management Summer SY 2019-2020

DELM 111 - EDUCATIONAL INQUIRY & FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

Activity 1

Why is it necessary for you to be knowledgeable about the foundations of

education? Provide specific situation and circumstance wherein each foundation
of education can be applied now that we are under covid 19 pandemic.

It is in the foundations courses that teacher education candidates are taught to

recognize social and political injustices that should be questioned, and to
acknowledge that culture, policy, and tradition have a direct impact on teachers,
learners, families, and communities as a whole.
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Arellano St., Dagupan City

Name of Student: Mark Francis E. Munar Student No: 18-7404-338

Course: Doctor of Philosophy Prof: Dr. Rhea B. Madamba
Major: Educational Leadership & Management Summer SY 2019-2020

DELM 113 - METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Activity 1

What is quantitative research? What are its advantages and limitations?

How can it contribute to better provision of educational services to our clientele?

Quantitative research, as the name suggests, is primarily about numbers. It

generally involves surveying a large group of people (usually at least several
hundred and often thousands), using a structured questionnaire that contains
predominantly closed-ended, or forced-choice, questions.

This is so that findings may be expressed numerically, enabling companies to

garner statistics upon which plans and predictions can be made.

The pros and cons of quantitative research

Pros

 Objectivity: Quantitative research is numerical. Therefore, the results are

clear and are harder to misinterpret. The survey can also be easily
repeated and you can reliably track changes over time.
 Easy to analyse: Because responses are numeric you can use statistical
analysis to gain additional insight from the data.
  Quick: Because you’re asking closed questions, it usually means data
can be collected more quickly (because it’s easier for people to answer),
while digital tools such as Attest can be used to easily analyse the results.
 Ability to generalise: When the survey involves a statistically valid
random sample, you can generalise your findings beyond your participant
group and make decisions with confidence.

Cons

 Big sample needed: Quantitative research requires a large sample of the

population to deliver reliable results. The larger the sample of people, the
more statistically accurate the outputs will be.
 Limited answers: Because results of quantitative research must be
numeric, free text responses cannot be permitted, meaning contextual
detail may be missing.
 Potential for bias: Those willing to respond to surveys may share
characteristics that don’t apply to the audience as a whole, creating a
potential bias in the study.
 Wording is crucial: To be confident in the results of quant surveys, you
have to be confident you’re asking the right questions, in the right way,
with the correct answer-options included.

Quantitative methods in education engages in the science and practice of

educational measurement and evaluation, primarily through the development
and application of statistical methods, informed by the study of teaching and
learning statistics. In this program, you’ll study quantitative and qualitative
research on the methods and uses of educational measurement, evaluation,
and statistics to address practical problems. Our students and faculty explore
new ways to improve teaching and learning and to meet the demands of
practice, policy, and accountability.
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Arellano St., Dagupan City

Name of Student: Edwin C. Calderas Student No: 18-7634-105

Course: Doctor of Philosophy Prof: Dr. Rhea B. Madamba
Major: Educational Leadership & Management Summer SY 2019-2020

DELM 113 - METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Activity 2

Compile 3 local and 3 foreign quantitative research studies (softcopy submission

only) and examine them carefully. Identify the following data:

1. Title of the Research

2. Background of the Study
3. Statement of the Problem
4. Respondents
5. Locale of the Study
6. Research Design
7. Statistical treatment
8. Findings
9. Conclusion
10. Recommendations

See Attached Files

1. Saztesis
2. JWGThesis
3. Gourley-William-PHD-Thesis (1)
4. Innovation-attributes-and-electronic-word-of-mouth_-impact-on-lik
5. An_exploratory_study_on_how_UP_UST_and_PUP_journalism_students_vie
w_Rappler_as_a_news_source (3)
6. Communication-technology-capabilities-and-livelihoods_-the-role
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Arellano St., Dagupan City

Name of Student: Mark Francis E. Munar Student No: 18-7404-338

Course: Doctor of Philosophy Prof: Dr. Rhea B. Madamba
Major: Educational Leadership & Management Summer SY 2019-2020

DELM 115 - ISSUES IN EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT

Activity 1

Differentiate leadership from management. Cite 2 conditions/situations

which manifest leadership and management. How can each one of them
contribute to organizational success?

Leadership and its role are the most concerning issue for the business and
organizations now days. The “Leaders are individuals who establish direction for
a working group of individuals and who gain commitment from this group of
members to established direction and who then motivate members to achieve the
direction‟s outcomes” (Conger, 1992, p18). The term leadership can be viewed
through multiple angles and concepts. Traditionally leadership is a set of feature
owned by the leader or it is a social phenomenon that comes from relationship
with groups.

Management is the coordination and administration of tasks to achieve a goal. Such

administration activities include setting the organization’s strategy and coordinating the
efforts of staff to accomplish these objectives through the application of available
resources. Management can also refer to the seniority structure of staff members
within an organization.

To be an effective manager, you’ll need to develop a set of skills, including planning,

communication, organization and leadership. You will also need extensive knowledge
of the company’s goals and how to direct employees, sales and other operations to
accomplish them.
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Arellano St., Dagupan City

Name of Student: Mark Francis E. Munar Student No: 18-7404-338

Course: Doctor of Philosophy Prof: Dr. Rhea B. Madamba
Major: Educational Leadership & Management Summer SY 2019-2020

DELM 115 - ISSUES IN EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT

Activity 2

What are the educational issues and challenges which you encounter
along with remote enrolment, remote teaching and learning and remote
assessment? Make a Learning Continuity Plan to address the said concerns.

Consider this list of 10 major challenges currently facing public schools, based on
the perspective of many involved in the world of education today.

 Classroom Size.
 Poverty.
 Family Factors.
 Technology.
 Bullying.
 Student Attitudes and Behaviors.
 No Child Left Behind.
 Parent Involvement.
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Arellano St., Dagupan City

Name of Student: Mark Francis E. Munar Student No: 18-7404-338

Course: Doctor of Philosophy Prof: Dr. Rhea B. Madamba
Major: Educational Leadership & Management Summer SY 2019-2020

DELM 214 - CURRICULUM, INSTRUCTION AND ASSESMENT

Activity 1

Define Curriculum, Instruction and Assessment. State the significance of

each to our educational system. What are the the challenges besetting among
the educators now that we are under the new normal?

In the education setting, curriculum, instruction and assessment go hand in hand

for the success of student achievement. Henson (2015) referenced James
Macdonald who defined curriculum as “planned actions for instruction”. Henson
(2015) also quoted other writers who defined curriculum as ‘school planned
experiences’, ‘all learning opportunities provided by the school’, ‘experiences
children have under the guidance of the teacher,’ and ’planned or formal
specification of content to be taught.’ In all the given definitions, the common
factors show that curriculum outlines what will be taught or rather, what we teach
and hence what the learner will experience. At the end of each school term, my
department meet to discuss what next topic we will be teaching based on what
was covered during the last term.

On the other hand, instruction is the way we teach the curriculum for learning. It
is the action that teaches the material outlined in the curriculum to the learner. All
curricula exist to provide the basis for effective instruction-that is, instruction that
maximizes learning. Effective instruction is a result of proper and extensive
planning. Planning starts with organizing material from the curriculum. After
deciding what material will be used

Last but not least, the assessment is the measure of whether or not students
have learnt what has been taught in the curriculum. In my example above, it is
the assessment that helped us determine that the students did not learn the
circle theorems and so we had to use new instruction. Assessment is usually
given in the form of standardized testing. ‘Standardized testing when used
correctly can increase learning and can be used to enhance instruction when
kept separate from accountability’ (Henson, 2015). Assessment, usually through
standard testing is what happens first or what should happen first to diagnose
what knowledge or skills is known. At this point, we then refer to the curriculum
which directs us to what content needs to be taught based on the knowledge we
have gained on the learner’s prerequisites.

In the new normal, teachers should transform how they teach online, especially
since online tools and resources present numerous affordances that teachers
and students can take advantage of. Teachers can curate the best online
learning resources about their topics and create learning playlists or menus that
can make the learning process a personal journey for every student. Teachers
should avoid being a content dumper, but instead be a master curator of
resources that enable engaging and deeper learning. Moreover, teachers should
design effective synchronous and asynchronous learning activities that enable
sustained engagement, self-regulation, voice, and choice in students. To be able
to do these, teachers should always remember that sound pedagogy should
drive the use of tech and not the other way around. Avoid jumping into the
bandwagon. Instead, start first with a solid understanding of 21st-century
pedagogy. 
 COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN
SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Arellano St., Dagupan City

Name of Student: Mark Francis E. Munar Student No: 18-7404-338

Course: Doctor of Philosophy Prof: Dr. Rhea B. Madamba
Major: Educational Leadership & Management Summer SY 2019-2020

DELM 214 - CURRICULUM, INSTRUCTION AND ASSESMENT

Activity 2

Question: As a leader, how can you ensure the effective delivery of curriculum,
instruction and assessment in the new normal? Considering the data gathered
from the survey conducted by your school in terms of the parents’ choice on
modality of learning for their children, present an action plan to observe the
successful conduct of remote teaching and learning for SY 2020-2021.

Communication (with students and their caregivers) is a key component to

helping students build a strong sense of belonging online. Here are some
guiding principles for communicating and connecting with students virtually:

 Clear and Consistent. Be clear in your written and oral communication

with students and their families. In addition, consistency of timing and cadence
can help families anticipate your communications and schedule their days
appropriately.

 Proactive and Reciprocal. Proactive communication can help you

anticipate the needs of students and your community. It can also encourage
students and families to proactively communicate with you and other school staff
members, and can ensure that they know the best methods to do so. 

 Authentic and Familiar. Maintain the teaching style you use in the
classroom to recreate a sense of comfortability for students. This could mean
using similar language and phrases that you would use in the classroom.

 Flexible. To meet the needs of all learners, consider multiple options for
communication and student participation. Can you call a family to deliver a
morning announcement if they do not have access to high-speed internet? Can
you provide a pen-and-paper option for a virtual activity? Consider these tips
 on culturally responsive remote education, strategies in special education as
children learn from home, and resources for English-language and diverse
learners.  

 Creative and Innovative. With so many different virtual tools at your

disposal, make sure to take advantage of them. Virtual adaptations are great
opportunities to innovate and try something new. See this time as a way to think
creatively about ways to reach each student and consider trying tools such
as Padlet or Flipgrid.