Confidence Interval Formulae

Parameter Confidence Interval Usage Sample 

σ
μ X ±z α /2 Normal Known 
1
√n
s
μ X ±z α /2 Large Unknown 
√n
s
2 μ X ±t ( n−1 , α /2 ) Normal Small Unknown 
√n
p^ ( 1− p^ )
3 p ^p±z α /2
√ sD
n
Binomial Large

4 μ X −μ Y D±z α /2 Normal Matched pairs

√n
2 2
σ X σY

5
μ X −μ Y X −Y ±z ( α / 2 )
√ +
n X nY
2
s X sY
2
Normal
Known ,
Independent Samples

μ X −μ Y X −Y ±z ( α / 2 )
√
^p X ( 1− p^ X )
+
n X nY
p^ Y ( 1− ^pY )
Large

6 p X− p Y ^p X− p^ Y ±z ( α / 2 )
√ nX
+
nY
Binomial Large

Single Mean
or
Large/Normal Difference?
4
or
Small? Matched
or
2 Independent?
5
Mean
or
Proportion?

3
Single p
or
Difference?

6
Statistics for Management 1016 Prof. Juran