120MP STATISTICS FORMULAE

s2 =
∑ ( x − x̄ )2
n−1
sxy =
∑ ( x − x̄ ) ( y− ȳ )
n−1
Pooled s =
√ ( n1−1 ) s 21 + ( n 2−1 ) s22
n1 +n 2−2

P(AB) = P(A) + P(B) – P(AB) P(AB) = P(A) P(B|A)

Binomial P(X=x) = nCx px(1-p)n-x  = np 2 = np(1-p)
Poisson P(X=x) = xe-/x! = 2 = 

 = E(X) =  x P(X=x) =  x f(x) dx 2 = V(X) = E(X2) – 2

E(aX + bY + c) = a E(X) + b E(Y) + c

V(aX + bY + c) = a2 V(X) + b2 V(Y) provided X, Y are independent

Quantity Point Estimate Standard Error

 x̄ s / √n
X̄ 2
√
1 – 2 X̄ 1 s 2 s 2
- 1
+
2
n1 n2

p f = X/n
√ f (1−f )
n

p1 – p2 f1 – f2
√ f 1 (1−f 1 ) f 2 (1−f 2 )
n1
+
n2

ȳ−b x̄
√
2
 a= s
1
+
x̄
n (n−1 )s 2x

√
s xy 1
 s
s2x (n−1)s 2x
b=

√
Mean Y at x=x0 a + b x0 1 ( x 0 − x̄ )
2
s +
n (n−1 ) s 2x

√
Individual Y at x=x0 a + b x0 1 ( x 0 − x̄ )
2
s 1+ +
n ( n−1 ) s 2x

∑
√
( y− y^ )2
s xy
1− ∑ ( y − ^y )2
r = sx s y r =
2 ∑ ( y− ȳ ) 2
s= n−2
 2 2
(n−1 )s (O−E )2 s1
χ =∑
2 F=
χ = 2
σ2 E s 22