COMPREHENSIVE LAND-USE

PLANNING PROCESS
Urban and Regional Planning
CONCEPTS OF PLANNING
• Aimed at improving theoretical welfare of the
people
• As a “function of the government” guided by
technical soundness and political considerations
• Making a choice from a set of alternatives
• Development control over private property
LAND USE ANALYSIS
1. Human Activities and Activity
Systems
2. Land Classification PEOPLE
3. Land Database and Land
Mapping
a) Land Database
b) Land Data Sources
c) Land Mapping
4. Suitability Analysis
a) The Eight-Step Land Suitability
Analysis
b) GIS-Based Land Suitability
Analysis LOCATION ACTIVITIES
c) Data Preparation
d) Calculate Composite Scores
e) Delineation of Developable Land
5. Impact Analysis
ELEMENTS OF LAND USE PLANNING
LAND CLASSIFICATION
Forest Reserve
Classified Timberland
Parks
Forest Land Military Reserves
Unclassified Civil Service
Fishpond
TOTAL LAND

Agriculture
Titled
Residential
Alienable /
Industrial
Disposable
Idle
Untitled
Others

OLD LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

LAND CLASSIFICATION
TOTAL LAND
Public Domain Private Lands

Unappropriated Reserved for Privately Owned Held by State as

Lands Government Use but Subject to ED Private Entity

Disposable and Non-Disposable &

Alienable Non-Alienable

Agricultural National Mineral Forestry

Lands Parks Lands Lands

Agricultural Residential Commercial Industrial Institutional Educational Town Site

NEW LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

TYPES OF LAND
• FOREST LAND – land of the public domain which has been classified as such and
declared for forestry purposes. Forestland includes production and protection forests
and are not supposed to be titled.
• TIMBERLAND – portion of forestland leased by the State to operators of commercial
forestry production
• MINERAL LAND – portion of forestland which DENR, through the Mines and
Geosciences Bureau, has positively confirmed as possessing rare mineral resources.
• TRIBAL OR ANCESTRAL LAND – portion of forestland traditionally occupied by
indigenous cultural communities and delineated using consultative processes and
cultural mapping. An “Indigenous cultural community” is a group of people sharing
common bonds of language, customs, traditions and other distinctive cultural traits,
and who have, since time immemorial, occupied, possessed, and utilized a specific
territory.
TYPES OF LAND
• GRAZING LAND, PASTURELAND, OR RANGELAND – portion of forestland which
has been set aside for raising livestock because of suitable topography and vegetation
• ALIENABLE and DISPOSABLE LAND – land classified as not needed for forest
purposes and hence severed from the public domain and available for disposition
under Commonwealth Act 141 as amended by the Public Lands Act, which says that
“No land 18% or over in slope shall be classified as A & D nor can be titled”
• ARABLE LAND – land which is deemed theoretically suitable to agriculture, fisheries
and livestock based on FAO standards including potentially cultivable land whether
there is actual cultivation or not
TYPES OF LAND
• AGRICULTURAL LAND OR CROPLAND – land actually devoted to agricultural
activity whether intensive regular cropping or temporary/irregular cropping.
• MARGINAL LAND – land not readily useful for either forestry, agriculture, or
settlement, such as riverwash, sandy strips, marshes, swamps, etc.
• INDUSTRIAL LAND -- portion of relatively flat A&D land which is devoted to
manufacturing, processing of primary products, construction, storage and
warehousing, and distribution, involving at least 10 persons (it has to be above micro-
scale).
BASIC DEFINITIONS IN
COMPREHENSIVE
LAND USE PLANNING
Urban and Regional Planning
COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
• Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) – A document
embodying specific proposals for guiding and regulating
growth and development. It translates community goals
into spatial form, allocates various sectoral land
requirements considering socially desired mix of land uses,
and includes a land use map as well as a set of land use
policies to guide future development.
COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
• A document embodying the overall vision of a
city/municipality as well as multi-sectoral goals and
objectives, for its growth and development which are
translated into physical strategies, concrete socio-
economic programs, and specific infrastructure
projects for the medium term (6 years)
ZONING
• Zoning – The division of a city/municipality into
zones or districts according to the present and
potential uses of land to maximize, regulate and
direct their use and development in accordance with
the comprehensive land use plan of the
city/municipality. (HLURB Guidelines for the
Formulation/Revision of the Comprehensive Land
Use Plan, Volume 10).
EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE AGENDA
• Executive Legislative Agenda (ELA)– An integrated plan
that is mutually developed and agreed upon by the Executive
and Legislative departments of the LGUs. The document
contains major development thrusts and priorities of
both departments for their 3-year term of office
consistent with the development vision and mission of the
locality. [2004 Philippines- Canada Local Government
Support Program Manual on How to Formulate an Executive
and Legislative Agenda (ELA) for Local Governance and
Development].
MNEMONIC DEVICE

• CLUP – policies
• CDP – programs
• ELA – political agreement
• LDIP – projects
• AIP – pesos
GENERIC FUNCTIONS OF
LAND USE PLANNING
Comprehensive Land Use Planning
GENERIC FUNCTIONS OF
LAND USE PLANNING

(1) It interprets higher level policies

such as those embodied in national,
regional and provincial physical
framework plans;

(Sec.1.2.1, Guidelines on Municipal Land Use Planning, NEDA, 1996).

GENERIC FUNCTIONS OF
LAND USE PLANNING

(2) It provides a basis for medium-

term development planning,
investment programming, and
development regulation;

(Sec.1.2.1, Guidelines on Municipal Land Use Planning, NEDA, 1996).

GENERIC FUNCTIONS OF
LAND USE PLANNING

(3) It establishes policies and

general proposals for strategic areas
to guide the provision of
infrastructure and utility systems;

(Sec.1.2.1, Guidelines on Municipal Land Use Planning, NEDA, 1996).

GENERIC FUNCTIONS OF
LAND USE PLANNING

“(4) As a strategic plan, the CLUP

identifies action areas which require
a greater degree of attention than
other areas thereby focusing
investments and other intervention
measures in those areas for greater
impact.
(Sec.1.2.1, Guidelines on Municipal Land Use Planning, NEDA, 1996).
WHO WILL PLAN?
COMPONENTS OF LOCAL PLANNING
STRUCTURE

POLITICAL
Technical Component
COMPONENT

Local LPDO, NGAs,

Sectoral and
Local Development CSOs, External
Functional
Sangguanian Council / Local Private Consultants
Committees
Special Bodies Sector
GENERIC LOCAL LOCAL CHIEF
LOCAL
DEVELOPMENT
ORGANIZATION SANGGUNIAN EXECUTIVE
COUNTCIL
OF GROUPS
WORKING ON External
LAND USE Consultants

PLANNING Other LGU CPDO /

Departments MPDO

Technical Sectoral
Working Development
Groups Committees

Social Sector
Economic Sector
Environmental Management
Physical/Infrastructure
Institutional
 SUGGESTED SECTORAL COMMITTEE
COMPOSITION
Core Technical Expanded Technical Full-Blown Sectoral
Sectoral Committee Working Group Working Group Committee
(Must be there) (Nice to have around) (The more the merrier)
SOCIAL Other LGU officials,
DEVELOPMENT national government
ECONOMIC agencies operating in the Other groups and
Composed of Local
DEVELOPMENT locality, and important individuals, mainly from
Government officials and
ECONOMIC non-government non-government sectors,
functionaries whose
DEVELOPMENT organizations who have a stake in local
tasks and
with functions and development in whatever
PHYSICAL/ LAND responsibilities address
USE advocacies touching on capacity, enrich and
the
DEVELOPMENT the concerns of the enliven the full-blown
concerns of the
particular sector. When committee’s deliberations
ENVIRONMENTAL particular sector directly
added to the core TWG with their varied views,
MANAGEMENT or indirectly.
the resulting body agendas, and advocacies.
INSTITUTIONAL becomes the
DEVELOPMENT Expanded TWG.
6 LEVELS OF PEOPLE’S INVOLVEMENT IN
PLANNING
6

5
1. Decision Makers
2. Creators / Plan Proponents
4
3. Advisers / Elders of
3
Community
2
4. Reviewers / Private Interests
1
Affected
5. Observers / Wait and See
6. Unsurprised Apathetics /
Cynics
THE PLAYERS
• Developer (proponent)
• Elected Officials
• Professional Staff
• Pressure Groups
(Environmental,
Historic Preservation
etc.)
• Neighbors (Opponents)
 PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL
PLANNERS AND THE COMMUNITY
PLANNING PROFESSIONALS
Provide basic data
Mutual review and analysis of data
COMMUNITY PARTNERS,
PLANNING PROCESS
RESIDENTS
COLLECT COMMUNITY Provide alternative data sources
DATA (interview, historical info. etc)
IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE Mutual review and analysis of data.
ISSUES Makes final decisions on analysis

Makes recommendations and Decides on prioritization that is most

PRIORITIZE ISSUES
provides example for future actions desired

REFINE ISSUES,
Makes recommendations and
DEVELOP GOALS AND Makes final decisions
provides examples
WORK PROGRAMS

Makes recommendations and DEVELOP STRATEGIES

Makes final decisions
provides example for implementation FOR IMPLEMENTATION

Provides volunteer labor on-going

Provides technical services and labor IMPLEMENT PROJECTS training, long-term staffing, vision
carriers, and capacity building
LAND USE PLANNING
PROCESS
HLURB 12 STEP LAND USE PLANNING
PROCESS (CLUP PREPARATION)
ZONING
• Euclidean Zoning— also called conventional zoning, it is
characterized by the segregation of land uses into specified
geographic zones with provisions on limitations of activities (such
as use, building height, etc.) within each type of zone. Easy to
administer but has been criticized as being based on outdated
planning theory anchored on the ability of planners to pre-
determine land use activities.
• Performance Zoning— also called “effects-based planning,”
it does not rely on the segregation of land uses but on a set of
performance-based or goal-oriented criteria used and a points-
system to evaluate development proposals in any part of the city/
municipality. Its strength is on the ability to accommodate
environmental considerations, transparency of decision-making
and market-responsiveness.
ZONING
• Incentive Zoning — anchored on a rewards-based system for
developments that meet a city/municipality’s development
objectives such as by allowing increases in building heights or
building floor areas. This also allows a high degree of flexibility
but is also complex to administer. For example, a ZO may allow
relief from building height restrictions or building floor areas if a
development will fund the construction of access roads or
construct smart urban drainage systems.
• Form-based Zoning —does not fully regulate the type of land
use (similar to Performance Zoning) but is intended to guide the
form that the proposed development will take such as through
regulations on building setbacks, building heights, floor areas,
pedestrian access, etc.
VARIANCE AND EXCEPTIONS
• Variance if it does not comply with the technical requirements
of the Zoning Ordinance such as building height limit and/or applicable
Performance Standards. Conforming to the provisions of the Ordinance
will cause undue hardship on the part of the owner of the
property due to physical conditions of the property (topography, shape,
etc.),
• Exception if it does not comply with the allowed use provisions of the
Ordinance.