arcrund New Yurk City. However thtrc i:, an
’ h i 5 w i s one reawn w h y the
i)peratiiiy relay station near Scliencctatly that
is 120 air miles troin S e w York.
’Ielcvisioii will quite probably s o c r i i hccome
a part of oiir tlaily lives just as the telcphonc.
aiitomobilc, airplane aiid radio have.
-s. 11, .A.
. \ l m s l l ~ o ~ G1:.* 1;.. ATLI L r l A l L , L. 11. /<m,t
.1ltrtrricrls f r o i i i / h i 2 S r a . Brooklyii : ( h i i i i c a l
Publishiiig Cotiipany. 1930. ~ W J11. 53.75.
T h e ocean is a rich source of mineral re-
suurces. Soiiic o f these minerals exist ! I I rela-
tively large amouiits, others in traces. The
\viiiiiiiig ~i these inorganic salts is a questiun o t
ccciiinmics, preference being givcti to the cheapest
source. Often a new proccss makes it economical
t o wurk natural rcsriiirces previously iicglectccl.
This book discusses the variuus clicmii,al proh-
lems which the oceans represent and the s u b
stances present in them.
The oceaiis cover 01 per cent o i the iicirtlierii
and 81 per cent o i the soiitlierii hemisphere. The
incan depth is apprcrxiniatcly 2.2 miles. T h c
:\tlaiitic Ocean c(rvcrs 25,000,OO square miles ;
the Antarctic-30,000,0~~1; tlie .%retic, 8,400. ;
the I’acitic, 5~U,U~Ww,000; the Metlitcrraneaii,
1,000,600; the Caspian Sea. lh0.000 ; the Black
Sea, 950.030 ; the Baltic. 175,000. Tnclutliiig all
iiilaiitl bays and seas, the oceans comprise
137,80O.(KH) sliiare miles with a voluiiic o f about
300 million cubic miles.
Rrimiiic ranks about twenty-fifth aiiioiig tlie
elements o f the earth’s crust (.001 per cent) and
Y! per cent of this occurs in the sea. Protluctiuii
in the U. S. in 1032 was iiearly 06 millii-rn
pouiitls. In iiiaiiy countries the ocean is the
chief soiircc o f coiiiiiioii salt, e.g. China, Japaii,
India, Siani, Suirialilaiid, ant1 so mi. Much
tiiagnesium is iinw Iwiiig rrcoveretl from the sea
as is also iiiwli of the world’s iudiiic siipply.
-1.: 1. .4.
TT. \ ~ ~ l l . l . l A M I;. Y’hC S’fOl’y ( J f If.OO/.
Rrooklyn : Chemical Puhlishiiig Cotrii)aiiy, Inc.,
1037. ,304 1). $5.00.
\\’c can envision a rcniote ancestor, in the fowst
age, wlio ahoiit one million years ago roaiiictl
froin India to Gilbraltcr. T-Tc was about five and
oiic-hal( fcct high, having a short thick trunk
which was carried far from erect, because he
usually preferred t o travel oii all fours, resting
his weight on his knuckles. He was capable of
chaiigiiig and motliiyiiig his eiivironiiicnt-at
first wearing a skin garment aiitl later tlis-
covered that the Heecy tindr
be c(JliVertCd into wariii clo
i t impossible to keep iiiaii
is a restless mistress, ever searching for the
hest. The peoples <if southern Asia and northern
liirica herded sheep. I t was the Moors, Berbers
and Saracens. invading tribes-inen who c(nii-
qucretl Christian Spain, who learned of methuds
t o lighten the color of fleece. l h e .4rabs learned
that sheep ted uii rich grasslaiids irsually pro-
tli~ccd white wo:)l.
I lel;rew shciJhertls ceaselessly roamed the
“icrtile crescent“ in search uf iresh g r m i i i ~
I;intl. T h u s by nioviiig I r o i i i one feeding gruuntl
t J the iiext a fairly highly develoixtl t j p c of
cliccp which had historical urigiiis in Aria was
iiitrutiuccd iiito Spain.
Spaiii had a iiionoimly oii the w~rul iiirlustry
( from Alerino slicci) ) for a long time a n d had
sti-ict laws prohibiting exi)ortatiun o f Merino
shccp from Spain. Eurvpcan cloth incrchants
re forced t~ pay any price for WOOI that the
aiiibli wool dealers tleinaiided. Ihlring thc
11 ceiitury various European countries suc-
cccdc~l iii siiiiiggliiix or otherwise cuiitriverl t o
olitaiii Sl)aiiish-l,rcd hJerinu sheep and, often
\zith escellctit rcsults, cross-hred them with
native types. Froin this source came the Rani-
I)ouillet slicei) o f France antl the Silesian sheep
( i f Saxony, hnth faiiious f o r their fleece. A t the
time of the Spanish .\rniatla of 1588. several
were wrecked on the coast of
ICiigland, and many Spaiiish sheqi. carried by
the fleet for iuotl, s~icccederlin swimming ashurc.
They reached grazing grounds iii thc Clievoit
Hills, where, because of their fine \vnoI. they
have been bred ever since.
Wool protluctioii and matiuiacturc, in Eng-
laiitl, r\merica, .4iistralia, Peru and other parts
o i the world are preseritetl troin a histurical
and cccinomic viewpoint. Atiiiiial fibers a r e ob-
tained frniii the sheep, goat, caiiiel, Ilaiiia,
guanaco, vicuna anti alpaca. and each of these
are discussed.
( k o r g e M’ashin::ton tiitl iiiuch to promote w w l
prutluctiuii aiitl manufacture i i i the United States
and in 1789 wore a fine wool suit at his i m q -
uration. niatlc in a mill whicli was the first its
size to iise water power in wooleii maiiufacture.
,.1 he suit was described as “a line, dark hrowii
\vuirlcn coat, waistcoat atid breeches, which were
worn with white silk stockirifis antl slrocs with
silver buckles.”
Origin of the names of woolen fabrics such
as serge, gabardine, tweed, worsted, broadcloth
aiitl others are given iii thc back of the book.
There is a two page bibliography.
Students and teachers in the field of Econoiiiic
(;eography will he interested iii the noinadic
licrtlcrs and h u w they makc their tents,-as to
the covering used and the wool that is used
for the frame wurk.
H e r e is a book which will he of great interest
tn students, chemists, chemistry teachers. textile
technicians, aiitl engineers, as well as all workers
in the various branches o f the textile industry.
It cvciriltl be ni interest tn students aiid teachers
in the field of Home Economics iii the study of
‘Ic x t i le s . -F. hf. D.
HKNRSC. Tlw (.‘oriiplrti: Prop1lccir.r
str‘ntlarnl~s. New Yurk : Crown Puhli-
shers. 1947. 350 11. $3.00.
This famoris book of “prophecies” presents a
peculiar challenge tu the scieritist-rcviewrr.
Katural science heing dedicated to the orderly cditioii since first publication in 1892. In this
presentatioii of tested knowledge and opposed hook you will learn about magic squares, about
to magic, mystery and unusual human “powcrs,” fcrry boat prohlems, about mazes, lahyritiths.
call speak only with a prilninullcccl bias here. map-coloring prublems, mathematical card
Sostradamiis dates his ori,qinal wnrks iii tricks, Kirlsmau‘s faiiiuus School Girls Proh-
mcdiac:vel l;rench, with Latili comments. in lem. calculatiiig prodigies, cryptography and
15.55. Roberts presents the writer as a deep- cryptaiialysis, and IiLmierous puzzles. 111 brief
sccing mystic who writes his occasional re this is a book that will delight the mathematics
tiotis o f thiiiqs to-lie i n ohmired poetic teacher, the studciit and laymen who delight in
trains. The text is divided into “Ce:ituries.” ~iiathcinaticsas a rccrcatioti and a hoh
Roberts provides :i very free trailslation of the of the prnblems and puzzles require a
meanings lie reads into the verse. Occasioiially of mathematical skill but quite ofteii i-cquire
he Kreatly strains the original, iri our opiniiiii. much tliiiiking. 4;.13, K.
,A satisfactory evaliiatioii wvultl involve much
quotation and iiitlccd much checkiiig against
KEBI.ETTIZ, c. E. Cart’t’YS iff P / r O t O : i I ” l ~ ~ l ~ ’ .
Chicago : Ziff-Davis P u b l i s h i i i ~ Compally,
autlioritative suhscqucnt history. But hrieHj, it 1046. 182 p. $2.50.
may he stated as our personal opinion that the
C‘trrccrs i r ~~ / l O t o ~ J r u p /isl y by oiir of .America’s
text shows : (1) Prophecies, if sucli thcy are.
hcst known writers in the field of plintigrapliy.
arc stated obscurely even to the point where
I l e is now Head of the Lkpartinent of I’hoto-
Roberts himsell has to ;idmil his aiid Kos-
graphic Technology, Rochester Iiistittitc ~i
tratlamus’ iiiahility to reach a co~iclusioii, ( 2 )
Technology. This hook is most timely, coming
T h e prophecies are often far out of chrotio-
as it does, at a time when so many vcteraiis art!
logical order, ( 3 ) No practical use can be made
ciirollcd in college. and are still underidetl ac
of the work as a whole, for iiiaiiy “prophecies”
to a vocatioii. hIany of them, Iiaving had sonic
coultl he applictl with equal validity to inany
war experience in photugraphy, will decide upon
possible events or possihly appropriate situatioiis.
sollie phase of photography. This book shoultl
Other “l)rophecics” seem a mere inumbo-jumbo
he most helpful to such persons (and any others’
of wvrds, not even intciided as prophccy but
interested in this possihlc vocation) as it covers
rather just whims or iaiicifril juxta-position
practically cvcry type of photographic work.
o f words.
High school counsclors and advisers will f i ~ i t l
In all lairness. there arc liere antl thcrc wliat
this an excellent reference.
might he consitlcred prophecy, but such even
could possibly he coincidences except in the very Inclucled are such aspects of photography as :
few instances where names, places, and dates purtrait, commercial and industrial, advertising,
arc most positively suggested. motinii picture, press, legal, aerial. astronomy,
We rccnmineiid it to the reader who is aiid spectroscopy, iiiedical, natural history, high
iriiaginative, with titile to spare, a vulumi~~uus speed. photo copying, radiography, photomicrn-
history at his side, and mit too much hcnt on graphy, etc. There are chapters on tcaching,
scientific objectivity. \vritiiig and editing photography, travel photog-
raphy, preparation for a career, and desirahle
In this world so full of surprises, so tnariy
aptitudes for success in photography.
possihilitics, these may he prophtxies indeed,
-C. h4. P.
but the reviewer for the most part fails to be
impressed. -1;. ;\. R. PALME, ARTIIUR. Sprc~tiliyhfs.Boston : ..\merican
Photographic Puhlishiu,g Company, 1946.
I.IEIII~K, LIILI.ZNli., A N D LIIXER,1-luc;ii GR.XY. 128 p. $2.50.
7’trkc a .\‘rrrrrb~r. I a i c a s t c r : The J aques
Cattell Press. 1946. 221 p. $2.75. .Spc*c*d/iyhfs descrihes the newest photographic
techniqiic in high speed photography. Developed
7’afir t i ;VriirilJcr is suhtitletl dlatlic~irrcltirs f o r because of necessity (the allotment of practi-
thr 7 ’ 7 ~ 0Uilliori. T h e book is written iii an en- cally all photo-flash hulhs to tlie armed forces),
gaging and enlightening style which at oiice the many cociiinercial sets arc dercribcd, antl
scts it apart froiri the usu diagrams and directioiis are given for t)uilding
even the popular ones. CI
ynur OWII. Speedlights can be used contiiiuuusly.
describe the fuiitlamentals and practical uses of They have many practical uses and advaritagcs
mathematics. Through a few basic rules of the n w r photoflash bulbs. Niiiiicrous photographs
gainc the reader is led to preform the hasic supplement thc textual inaterial.
operations and is given enough practice to ac- -c. ;Lr. P.
quirc corisitlerahle skill. --G. u. K.
H.\N M o m , ARTHUR. I’irtorial Coitipositiori irl
BALI,,W. W. KOUSE. dfaflrrrrrtrtic.trI K<.ci.rotioiis ~ J / r o t o y m p h g .Rostoti: American I’hotographic
crrid Essays. New Yorli : Tlie b”acinil1aii Publishing Company, 1946. 155 p. $3.50.
Company, 1037. 418 1). $2.95. This is tlie fourth edition of a book hrst
This is a revision by H. S. Ll. Coxetcr o f published in 1920. T h e author is one of Amcr-
prohahly the must popular hook of its kind that ica’s hrst known authorities i n photugraphg.
Ira3 ever heeii published. This is the eleventh He is associate editor of A irit*rir[rir / ’ h o l ( ~ g -