Assignment

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS OF THE PIPE (CIRCULAR,

RECTANGULAR, BEND) AND VELOCITY PROFILE STUDY

Straight pipe
Length:8m
Diameter:0.2m
CFD simulation was performed for steady state condition, no slip
condition, static atmospheric condition 1 atm, turbulence intensity of
5%of inlet.
Solution supposed to be stopped after 100 iterations.
The result of simulation was used to study different velocity profile
formed at various points.

FIGURE 1:SNIPPED ANSYS WORKBENCH

 1. Conduct CFD of the pipe and show the velocity profiles of the flow
at: Inlet, 0.1, 0.2, 2, 4 and 6 meters from the inlet
For pipe:
Coarse mesh
Mesh number: 19845
Nodes: 21200
Inlet velocity: 1m/s

Above graph shows velocity profile of flow at inlet, at 0.1meter,

0.2 meter,2,6,8 meters. It shows gradually changing towards
full developed flow.

Moderate mesh
Mesh number:235125
Nodes :242400
Similarly, it shows gradually change of velocity profile from inlet
to outlet towards fully developed flow.

2. At 6 meters from the inlet, compare the result between

the coarse and the medium sized mesh
-Compare those two results with the analytical result
obtained for the fully developed flow.
At 6 meters from inlet, velocity profile of flow in both
coarse and moderate mesh compared with analytically
fully developed flow. The formula used to define fully
developed flow is given by
𝑟2
𝑢(𝑟) = 2 ∗ 𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 (1 − 2 )
𝑅
Despite increasing the mesh number from coarse to medium,
the velocity profile at 6m distance still had variations in
comparison to the analytical curve for fully developed flow.

This meant that fully developed flow was not achieved in 6m

distance for the coarse and fine mesh condition.

3. Show the deviation in the results when

• V increases from 1 m/s to 10 m/s keeping other
parameters the same
The increase in the flow velocity through the pipe from 1m/s to
10 m/s led to the shift of the velocity profile in upwards as the
magnitude of velocity at each section increases.
• Diameter increases from 0.2 meters to 1 meter
keeping other parameters the same
New pipe
Length: 8m
Diameter: 1m
Mesh number:2244 elements
Nodes:2860

4. Show the deviation in the results when

The circular profile is replaced with a rectangular profile
(0.1 m x 0.2 m)
Rectangular pipe:
Length: 8m
Dimension:0.1*0.2m
Mesh number: 1280
Nodes: 2415
Inlet velocity: 1m/s
Outer pressure: 1 atm
The straight pipe is replaced with a bend of 90 degree
Bent at 4m from inlet
Mesh number:15795 elements
Nodes:18544
The flow through the bend was an interesting case. While
comparing the results for straight circular pipe and bend of 90°,
the sharp deviation occurred in the bend section and
downstream the bend section. The reason behind this is
because the flow in the bend has presence of pressure gradient
created by the centrifugal force acting on the fluid. This results
in a velocity profile different from that we found for a circular
straight pipe