Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Beauty can be
expressed in the
structural efficiency,
simplicity, and
repetition of a bridge.
Substructure Superstructure
Foundation (Pile/Spread footing) Any structure above bearing
Pier (Column) Wearing surface
Abutment
Bridge Components
Bridge Planning
Traffic Studies
Hydro technical Studies
Geotechnical Studies
Environmental Considerations
Alternatives for Bridge Type
Economic Feasibility
Bridge Selection and Detailed Design
Bridge Span Length
Span>6m Bridge
Span<6m Culvert
Types of Bridges
Bristol Bridge,
Bristol, UK
Pedestrian Bridges
Arch
Beam
Cantilever
Truss
Cable Stayed
Suspension
Types of Bridges
Arch Bridge
Arch bridges are one of the oldest types of
bridges and have great natural strength.
Instead of pushing straight down, the weight
of an arch bridge is carried outward along the
curve of the arch to the supports at each end.
These supports, called the abutments, carry
the load and keep the ends of the bridge from
spreading out.
• The three-hinged arch adds
an additional hinge at the
top and suffers very little
movement in either
foundation, but experiences
more deflection. Rarely used.
Three-hinged Arch
• The tied arch allows
construction even if the
ground is not solid enough to
deal with horizontal forces.
Tied Arch
Forces in an Arch
• Arches are well suited
to the use of stone
because they are
subject to
compression.
• Many ancient and
well-known examples
of stone arches still
stand to this today.
Types of Bridges
Beam/Girder Bridge
The most basic type of bridge
Typically consists of a beam simply
supported on each side by a support and
can be made continuous later
Typically inexpensive to build
Forces
When something pushes down on
the beam, the beam bends. Its top
edge is pushed together, and its
bottom edge is pulled apart.
Types of Bridges
Beam/Girder Bridge
Currently, most of the beam bridges
are precast (in case of RC and PC) or
prefabricated
Most are simply-supported
Some are made continuous on site
Simply supported
Cantilever
Continuous
Types of Bridges
Cantilever Bridge
In a cantilever bridge, the roadway is
constructed out from the pier in two
directions at the same time so that the
weight on both sides counterbalance
each other
Notice the larger section at the
support to resist the negative moments
London Tower
Bridge (1894),UK
Which Type Should I Use?
Consider the following:
Span length
Bridge length
Beam spacing
Material available
Site conditions (foundation, height, apace constraints)
Speed of construction
Aesthetics
Cost
Access for maintenance
Selection of a Bridge Type by
Span Lengths
Aesthetics : What it means?
Context
Comprehensive
Cost
Constructability
Context
All projects from a simple creek bridge
to the longest multi span water crossing
must first be considered with a view to
the context in which it is located.
Comprehensive
The designs that work best are those
that take aesthetics in to account right
from start.
The Four “C’s” of Bridge Aesthetics
Cost
No discussion of design considerations
can be conducted realistically without
asking “How much is it going to cost?”.
Constructability
No discussion of aesthetics is complete
without considering constructability.
Qualities of Aesthetic Design
There are not HARD & FAST rules or formulas for aesthetics
of bridge design. It finally gets down to the responsibility of
each designer on each project to make personal choices that
will lead to a more beautiful structure
Function
Proportion
Harmony
Order & Rhythm
Contrast & Texture
Function
Establish requirements
Understand context
Design Refinement
Develop design
Analysis of design
Bridge Design Process
Preliminary Design