Topological characterizing and

clustering of public transport

networks
Krissada Tundulyasaree
MSc Transport, Infrastructure and Logistics (TIL)

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Context of study
Public transport growth

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Context of study
Public transport growth

Network planning becomes

challenging

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Context of study
Public transport growth

Network planning becomes

challenging

Focus on the overall

characteristics of the networks.
Structural network study
provide planning
information.
• Existing system
• Comparison to other systems

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Contents

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion Summary

Motivations Network Distribution of
Research characterization indicators
objectives & Network clustering Correlation of
questions indicators
Clustering results

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1. Introduction
- Motivations
Motivations
- Research
objective &
questions • Previous structural network studies mostly focus on
2. Methodology network properties comparison.
- Network
characterization • This indicates the lack of identifying common network
- Network
clustering pattern.
3. Result
- Distribution of • The acquired pattern can facilitate other studies.
indicators
- Correlation of – Ex. Analysts can use a fewer number of networks when conducting
indicators studies since each network possess distinct structural properties.
- Clustering results
4. Conclusion
5. Summary

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1. Introduction Research objectives
- Motivations
- Research
objective &
• Explore network patterns of worldwide of public
questions
2. Methodology
transport via topological approach
- Network
characterization
- Network
clustering
3. Result Research Questions
- Distribution of
indicators
- Correlation of “ How can public transport networks be
indicators
- Clustering results quantitatively characterized and clustered from a
4. Conclusion
5. Summary topological perspective ?”

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1. Introduction
- Motivations
Methodology
- Research
objective &
questions
2. Methodology
- Network
characterization
- Network
clustering 1 Network Characterization
3. Result
- Distribution of
indicators
- Correlation of
indicators
- Clustering results
4. Conclusion
5. Summary

2 Network Clustering

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1. Introduction
- Motivations
Network characterization
- Research
objective &
questions
2. Methodology
- Network
characterization
- Network
1
clustering
3. Result • Centralization
- Distribution of
indicators
• Accessibility
- Correlation of • Robustness
indicators
- Clustering results
• Service
4. Conclusion connectivity
5. Summary
• Directness

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1. Introduction
- Motivations
Network characterization
- Research
objective &
questions
2. Methodology
- Network
characterization
- Network 1 2
clustering
3. Result • Betweenness centrality
- Distribution of
indicators
• Average closeness
- Correlation of centrality
indicators
- Clustering results
• Meshedness coefficient
4. Conclusion • Clustering coefficient
5. Summary
• Efficiency

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1. Introduction
- Motivations
Network characterization
- Research
objective &
questions 3
2. Methodology
- Network
characterization
- Network 1 2
clustering
3. Result
- Distribution of
4
indicators
- Correlation of
indicators
- Clustering results
4. Conclusion
5. Summary

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1. Introduction
- Motivations
Network clustering
- Research
objective &
questions 3
2. Methodology
- Network
characterization
- Network 1 2
clustering
3. Result
- Distribution of
4
indicators
- Correlation of
indicators
- Clustering results 6 5
4. Conclusion
5. Summary

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1. Introduction
Network data set The Hague Amsterdam
- Motivations Rotterdam Warsaw
- Research
The Netherlands
Calgary
objective & New Jersey Vienna
questions
2. Methodology Washington Zurich Budapest
- Network
characterization Milan
- Network
Toulouse
clustering
3. Result Barcelona
- Distribution of
indicators
Valencia Brisbane
- Correlation of
indicators Victoria
- Clustering results Adelaide
4. Conclusion Santiago
5. Summary Sydney
Melbourne
Tram Train

Metro
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1. Introduction
- Motivations
Distribution of network indicators
- Research
objective &
questions
2. Methodology
- Network
characterization
- Network
clustering
3. Result
- Distribution of
indicators
- Correlation of
indicators
- Clustering results
4. Conclusion
5. Summary • All indicators are in different value ranges.
• Varieties of distribution are found among network
indicators
• skewed right, bell-shaped, and bi-modal.
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1. Introduction
- Motivations
Correlation of network indicators
- Research Service
objective & Centralization Accessibility Robustness connectivity Directness #stations #edges
questions Centralization
2. Methodology Accessibility 0.06
- Network Robustness -0.32 0.47*
characterization Service
- Network connectivity 0.32 0.42 0.00
clustering Directness 0.23 0.51* -0.28 0.31
3. Result #stations -0.34 -0.60** 0.08 -0.54* -0.53*
- Distribution of #edges -0.35 -0.51* 0.20 -0.54* -0.56* 0.99**
indicators
- Correlation of
indicators
- Clustering results • The table shows Pearson’s r correlation result and *
4. Conclusion
5. Summary and ** shows the statistical significance level of 0.05
and 0.01 (two-tailed).

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1. Introduction
- Motivations
Correlation of network indicators
- Research Service
objective & Centralization Accessibility Robustness connectivity Directness #stations #edges
questions Centralization
2. Methodology Accessibility 0.06
- Network Robustness -0.32 0.47*
characterization Service
- Network connectivity 0.32 0.42 0.00
clustering Directness 0.23 0.51* -0.28 0.31
3. Result #stations -0.34 -0.60** 0.08 -0.54* -0.53*
- Distribution of #edges -0.35 -0.51* 0.20 -0.54* -0.56* 0.99**
indicators
- Correlation of
indicators
- Clustering results • Accessibility are positively correlated to robustness
4. Conclusion and directness.
5. Summary
• Accessibility, service connectivity and directness are
negatively correlated to size of network.

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 Hierarchical clustering
1. Introduction
- Motivations • Ward linkage +
- Research
objective & Euclidean distance
questions
2. Methodology
- Network • 4-clusters are desirable
characterization results (silhouette
- Network
clustering coefficient comparison).
3. Result
- Distribution of
indicators
- Correlation of
indicators
- Clustering results
4. Conclusion
5. Summary

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1. Introduction
Cluster group member
- Motivations
- Research
objective & Tram 1 Tram-related 1 Metro + Tram 3 Metro-related 2
questions
2. Methodology
Melbourne(T) Brisbane (R+L) Adelaide (M+T) Amsterdam (M+T)
- Network
characterization Milan (T) Budapest (T) Calgary (T) Barcelona (M)
- Network
clustering Vienna (T) New Jersey (R+L) Toulouse (M+T) Santiago (M)
3. Result
- Distribution of Warsaw (T) Sydney (R+L) Washington (M) The Netherlands
indicators
- Correlation of (R)
indicators Zurich (T) The Hague &
- Clustering results
4. Conclusion Rotterdam (M+T)
5. Summary Valencia (M+T)
Victoria (R)

T: Tram, M: Metro, R: Rail and L: Light rail

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1. Introduction
Clustering result on principal components coordinate
- Motivations
- Research
objective &
questions
2. Methodology
- Network

(Robustness +Multiple hubs)

characterization
- Network
clustering
3. Result
- Distribution of
indicators
- Correlation of
indicators
- Clustering results
4. Conclusion
5. Summary

(Service connectivity + Accessibility + Directness) 19

1. Introduction
Clustering result on principal components coordinate
- Motivations
- Research
objective &
questions
2. Methodology
- Network

(Robustness +Multiple hubs)

characterization
- Network
clustering
3. Result
- Distribution of
indicators
- Correlation of
indicators Tram
- Clustering results
4. Conclusion
5. Summary Metro

Train

(Service connectivity + Accessibility + Directness) 20

1. Introduction
- Motivations
Conclusion
- Research
objective &
questions • The selected characteristics can classify the
2. Methodology
- Network networks according to their structural properties.
characterization
- Network
clustering
• Mode of transportation and network size
3. Result
- Distribution of
influence the structure of the networks.
indicators
- Correlation of • The network pattern of PTNs can be realized via
indicators
- Clustering results identified clusters.
4. Conclusion
5. Summary

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1. Introduction
- Motivations
Limitations & Future research
- Research
objective &
questions • Number of networks is quite limited.
2. Methodology
- Network
characterization
• Normalized network indicators formulas
- Network
clustering
3. Result
- Distribution of • Networks in a disrupted state
indicators
- Correlation of
indicators
• All network modes available in the area
- Clustering results
4. Conclusion
5. Summary

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1. Introduction
- Motivations
Summary
- Research
objective &
questions • The proposed method and indicators demonstrate
2. Methodology automatic and reproducible tools to empirically
- Network
characterization clustered the public transport network according to
- Network
clustering their topological structure.
3. Result
- Distribution of
indicators
- Correlation of
indicators
- Clustering results
4. Conclusion
5. Summary

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Thank you for your
attention and Q&A

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Topological characterizing and clustering of public
transport networks
Thesis presentation Krissada Tundulyasaree| 18 September 2019, 15:00 -16:00 | KG 02.110

Graduation committee: Dr. Oded Cats, Dr. Maaike Snelder, Dr. Yilin Huang and Ding Luo

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