Lab.

1
Questions for self-training:
1. Protection systems allow the exposure to such hazards as direct or indirect contact to be reduced:
Residual current devices (RCDs) or residual current circuit breakers (RCCBs)

2. Direct contact: This is accidental contact of persons with a live conductor (phase or neutral conductor)
or a normally live conductive element.

3. Indirect contact: This is a contact of a person with accidentally energized metal frames that are not
normally live.
4. The different pathophysiological effects depends on: the level of electricity-induced injury.

5. The maximum permissible value of the current that is safe is: 30 mA.

6. The “conventional touch voltage limit”, that is defined as the maximum touch voltage that can be
maintained indefinitely under normally dry conditions (low humidity) is: 50V AC rms.

7. The “conventional touch voltage limit”, that is defined as the maximum touch voltage that can be
maintained indefinitely under normally wet conditions (high humidity) is: 25V AC rms.

8. Circuit breakers and fuses offer a high level of personal protection from electric shock. False
9. Circuit breakers and fuses provide equipment and installation protection and operate only in response to
an electrical overload or short circuit. True
10. Is it possible to combine two devices into a single unit: a circuit breaker with thermo magnetic or
magnetic release and residual current release? Yes
11. If the currents in the three-phase system are sinusoidal then the residual current is defined as: residual
current.
12. For a single-phase system the RCDs (residual current devices) operate by measuring the differential
current between: the phase (“live”) conductor and the neutral conductor
13. Which one of the figures below is a standard for the RCCB (residual current circuit
breaker):

14. According to their rated residual current value the RCDs (residual current devices) are divided into:
High Sensitivity, Medium Sensitivity, A Low Sensitivity:
15. Is it possible to use RCDs (residual current devices) for protection against earth fault? YES
16. The operating principle of the residual current release makes it suitable for the distribution systems:
TT, IT and TN-S, but not in the system TN-C.
17. Is it possible to use the RCDs (residual current devices) for protection against fires of electrical origin?
Yes
18. RCD sensitivity is expressed as the rated residual operating current, noted as: IΔn
19. The rated residual currents for RCDs (residual current devices) with High Sensitivity are: : 6 – 10 – 30
mA
20. The rated residual currents for RCDs (residual current devices) with Medium Sensitivity are: 0.1 – 0.3
– 0.5 – 1 A
21. The rated residual currents for RCDs (residual current devices) with Low Sensitivity are: 3 –10 – 30
A.

Lab2.
Questions for self-training:
The first letter is for the transformer neutral connection and The second letter is for the type of
application frame connection
1. The first letter “T” is for: “connected” to the earth
2. The second letter “T” indicates: “directly connected” to the earth
3. The first letter “I” indicates: “isolated” from the earth
4. The second letter “N” indicates: “connected to the neutral” at the origin of the installation, which is
connected to the earth
5. TN stands for: Exposed conductive parts connected to neutral
6. TT stands for: Earthed neutral
7. IT stands for: Unearthed (or impedance earthed) neutral
8. TN-C system stands for: premises with explosion risks. (Combined N (neutral) and protective
conductor (PEN) in source of supply, with protective multiple earthing (PME) applied)
9. TN-S system stands for: has the neutral of the source of energy connected with earth at one point only,
at or as near as is reasonably practicable to the source
10. TN-C-S system stands for: exposed conductive parts connected to neutral. This is usually referred to
as protective multiple earthing (PME).
11. TT system stands for: earthed neutral
12. IT system stands for: unearthed (or impedance earthed) neutral
13. TN system stands for: Exposed conductive parts connected to neutral
14. The system is: TNC

15. The system is: TNS system

16. The system is: TTN-S system

17. The system is: NT system

18. MIE-500 is designed to test the safety of electrical installations in TT, IT, TN-S, TN-C and TN-C-S
installations. False
19. MIE-500 is designed to test the safety of electrical installations in TT, TN-S, TN-C and TN-C-S
installations. False
2 20. MIE-500 is designed to measure the disconnection time of the RCD, for the rated residual current
values IΔn x ½; 1; 2; 5 and 10. True
22. Can you measure the short circuit loop impedance between phase conductor “L” and protective earth
conductor “PE” via MIE-500? Yes
23. Can you measure the short circuit loop impedance between phase conductor “L” and neutral “N”
conductor via MIE-500? Yes
24. Can you measure (via MIE-500) the response time and triggering current of the RCD, touch voltage
and earthing resistance in an automatic mode? No
25. Can you measure the short circuit loop impedance between phase conductor “L” and neutral “N”
conductor via MIE-500? Yes
26. MIE-500 can measure AC voltages in the range of: 0-250v
27. Can you measure the switch response time of the RCD device via MIE-500? Yes
28. Can you measure the disconnecting differential current of the RCD device via MIE-500? Yes

Lab 3
Questions for self-training:
1. The SOUND LEVEL METER UT351 measures sound intensity within the range of: 30-130dB
2. If “A “is the chosen regime of the SOUND LEVEL METER UT351tham it will mean that: frequency
response of the meter is similar to the response of the human ear.
3. If “C “is the chosen regime of the SOUND LEVEL METER UT351 than it will mean that: much flatter
response and is suitable for the sound level analysis of machines, engines.
4. With HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE METER MS6503 you can read the measured temperature in
two ways: C or F.
5. You can use the HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE METER MS6503 according to the user manual
at high altitudes up to 5000m above the sea level: No.
6. Can you record the max/min temperature readings with the HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE
METER MS6503? Yes
7. Can you measure the temperature below 10°C and above 70°C with the HUMIDITY AND
TEMPERATURE METER MS6503? No
8. With the HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE METER MS6503 you can measure the temperature in
the range of: -20 ~ 60 Celsius or -4 ~ 140 Faren.
9. Is it possible to measure the sound, the temperature, the humidity, and the light, into the laboratory
with the DIGITAL MULTIMER MS8229? Yes
10. The recommended luminance into the laboratory is: 500 ~ 1500 lux
11. The sound is: is the result of a source setting a medium into vibration.
12. The noise is: a discordant sound resulting from nonperiodic vibrations in air or unwanted sound.
13. The human hearing is normally limited to frequencies between about: 50Hz to 8KHz
14. The sound pressure is measured in: by providing a reading of root mean square (rms) sound pressure
level (Lp) as decibels (dB).
15. Sound may be described in terms of three variables: amplitude, frequency and duration.
16. The humidity is: the amount of water vapor in the air.
17. Тhe relative humidity is: an indicator of the likelihood of precipitation, dew, or fog.
18. The temperature is: a measure of the average energy of motion, or kinetic energy, of particles in
matter.
19. The absolute zero temperature is: 0 K = −273.15 °C
20. The light is: radiant energy of those wavelengths to which the human eye is sensitive.
Lab 4

Questions for self-training:

1. The properties that affect the resistivity of soil or rock include: Soil type, Moisture content level,
Temperature, Mineral content and contaminants.
2. Electrical resistance is a measure of the degree to which an object opposes the passage of an electric
current. Yes
3. For a wide variety of materials and conditions, the electrical resistance does not depend on the amount of
current flowing or the amount of applied voltage. No
4. The volume resistance of dielectrics decreases with increasing temperature. Yes
5. The current passing through conductive surface moisture content of the dielectric material is also called:
Surface current Is
6. Electrical resistivity is a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current. Yes
7. The DC electrical resistance R of a conductor of regular cross section can be evaluate as:
longitude
R=ρ
Area
8. The electrical resistance is also called specific electrical resistance of the material. Yes
9. The SI unit of specific electrical resistance is [Ohm.m] Yes
10. At higher frequencies, the AC resistance of a conductor can easily exceed ten times its DC resistance.
Yes.
11. Electrical resistance may indicate the ability of an object to dissipate a charge. Yes
12. The combination of skin and proximity effects significantly increases the AC electrical resistance of the
conductor when compared to its resistance to a DC current.
13. The SI unit of specific electrical resistance of the material is: Ohm*m
14. Volume electrical resistivity is defined as the ratio of the dc voltage drop per unit thickness to the amount
of current per unit area passing through the material. False
15. For a wide variety of materials and conditions, the electrical resistance depends on the amount of current
flowing or the amount of applied voltage. Yes
16. The two-electrode method measures the sum of both soil resistivity and contact resistivity between
the electrode and the soil
17. The electrical resistivity methods applied in geophysics and soil science are still based on the: standard
 four-electrode principle
18. The four-point resistance measurement method eliminates lead resistance.
19. The electrode separation can be varied over the range from 0.5 m to several tens or even
hundreds of meters.
20. In performing the Wenner test, it is assumed that: the electrodes are small and shallowly inserted and that
the earth is horizontally uniform
21. Is it possible to enter the distance between electrodes? Yes
22. Is it possible to enter different distances (not equal) between the electrodes? Yes
23. The electrodes must be driven into the soil: in a straight line and at equal distances from each other

Lab 5
Questions for self-training:
1. The impedance from the earthing (grounding) electrode to the earth varies depending on: the resistivity
of the surrounding earth and the structure of the electrode.
2. The value of the season coefficient depends on: humidity.
3. How many types of ground impedance testers do you know? There are two types: - three and four point
(pole) earth testers and clamp-on earth testers.
4. A three or four-pole earth tester: combines a current source and voltage measurement in a “lunch box”
or multimeter-style package
5. Clamp-on earth testers: resemble a large clamp meter. But they are very different because clamp on
earth testers have both a source transformer and a measurement transformer. The source transformer
imposes a voltage on the loop under test and the measurement transformer measures the resulting current.
The clamp-on earth tester uses advanced filtering to recognize its own signal and screen out all others.
6. The most commonly used method of measuring the earth resistance of an earth electrode is: is the 3-
point (3-pole) measuring technique called The Fall-of-Potential
7. The Fall-of-Potential method is: method, comprises the Earth Electrode to be measured and two other
electrically independent test electrodes, usually labeled P (Potential) and C (Current).
8. The Fall-of-Potential method is one of the most common methods employed for the measurement of
earth resistance and is best suited to small systems that don’t cover a wide area. (TRUE)
9. The Fall-of-Potential method is generally not suited to large earthing installations, as the stake
separations needed to ensure an accurate measurement can be excessive, requiring the use of very long test
leads. TRUE
10. Is it possible to measure the soil resistivity with earth resistance tester MS5209? YES
11. Is it possible to measure the resistance of the earth electrodes using four-pole method with earth
resistance tester MS5209? No
12. Is it possible to measure the resistance of the earth electrodes using a three-pole or four-pole method
with earth resistance and resistivity meter MRU-100 (green box)? Yes
13. Is it possible to measure the specific electrical resistance of the soil with earth resistance and resistivity
meter MRU-100 (green box)? yes
14. For soil resistivity measurements with earth resistance and resistivity meter MRU-100 (green box) do
you have the ability to enter the distance between electrodes? Yes
15. For earth resistance measurements using a three-pole method the investigated earth electrode as well
as the current and voltage electrodes should be aligned. True
16. For earth resistance measurements using a four-pole method the investigated earth electrode as well as
the current and voltage electrodes should be aligned. True
17. Can you measure the soil resistivity using a three-pole method? Yes.
18. To measure the soil resistivity is necessary to use:
19. For soil resistivity measurements is it necessary to use equal distances between electrodes?
20. If it is necessary to perform a measurement of the earth electrodes resistance not distorted by the test
leads’ resistance error you must use: the four-pole method
21. For soil resistivity measurements the chosen distance between electrodes was: 1m and 2m
22. Except for the first measurement to perform a check on the resistance value (figure):
23. The main disadvantage with the 62% method is that the theory on which it is based relies on the
assumption that the underlying soil is: homogeneous
24. The stake (spike) between the electrode under the test and the electrode that is positioned far away
from the electrode under the test is called: inner electrode, or voltage test stake
25. If there is substantial disagreement amongst any of the measured results with three pole method it is
necessary to: repositioned at a larger separation distance or in a different direction and the three
measurements repeated
26. The 62% Method requires: that they be in a straight line and be positioned away from other structures
- remain valid.
27. The value of the impulse coefficient depends on: different soil resistivity, the type of earthing rods
driven into the ground (horizontal or vertica) and their maximum length.
28. The four-pole method is used to: soil resistivity measurements