With effect from Academic Year 2018-19

B V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

II Year B.Tech. I.Sem L T P C
3 0 0 3
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

PRE-REQUISITES: Engineering Mathematics.

Course Objective: The objective of this course is to introduce the students about the fundamentals
concepts and techniques associated with the understanding of signals and systems. And familiarize with
techniques suitable for analysing and synthesizing continuous-time LTI systems using transforms.

UNIT-I:
INTRODUCTION: Introduction to signals and systems, Classification of signals, Periodic and aperiodic
Signals, Power and Energy of signals, Operations on signals: Time Shifting, Scaling and reversal,
Representation of signals using impulse function, Unit Step function and Signum function
SIGNAL ANALYSIS: Analogy between vectors and signals, orthogonal signal space, Orthogonality of
signals, Signal approximation using orthogonal functions, Orthogonality in complex functions.

UNIT-II:
FOURIER SERIES: Representation of Fourier series for Continuous time periodic signals, Exponential
Fourier series, Trigonometric Fourier series and Cosine Fourier Series, Symmetry conditions: Even, Odd
and Half-wave, Dirichlet‘s conditions, properties of Fourier series, Complex Fourier spectrum, Power
spectrum of periodic signals.

UNIT-III:
FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Deriving Fourier Transform from Fourier series, Fourier transform of arbitrary
signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals, Properties of Fourier
transforms, Inverse Fourier Transform, Introduction to Hilbert Transform, Energy density function of
aperiodic signals, Discrete Time Fourier Transform(DTFT),Properties.

UNIT-IV:
SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS: Introduction to systems, Classification of
Systems, System Properties, Response of a system, Impulse and Step responses of LTI System, Response
Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less transmission through a system, Signal bandwidth,
System bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics, Paley-Wiener criterion for physical
realization.

UNIT-V:
CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION: Concept of convolution in time domain and frequency domain,
Convolution property of Fourier Transform, Correlation, Relation between convolution and correlation,
Cross correlation and Auto correlation of functions, Properties of correlation functions, Energy density
spectrum, Power density spectrum, Relation between auto correlation function and energy/power spectral
density function.
SAMPLING: Sampling theorem - Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, impulse
sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under
sampling – Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass sampling.

UNIT-VI:
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS: Introduction to Laplace transforms, Concept of region of convergence (ROC) for
Laplace transforms, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Properties of LTs, Relation between
LT and FT, Inverse Laplace transform, Realization of Physical system using FT & LT‘s, Laplace transform
of certain signals using waveform synthesis.
Z TRANSFORMS: Concept of ROC, Properties of Z Transforms.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
1. Analyze the different classes of signals in time and frequency domains.
2. To get familiarize with sampling and reconstruction of signal
3. Determine the convolution and correlation of signals
 With effect from Academic Year 2018-19

4. Analyze the characteristics of Continuous Time LTI Systems using Transforms.

5. Familiarize Z-Transforms & Concepts of RoC

TEXT BOOKS
1. Signals and Systems - A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI, 2nd Edn
2. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003

REFERENCES
1. Signals & Systems - Simon Haykin and Van Veen, Wiley, 2nd Edition
2. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems- Michel J. Robert, MGH International Edition, 2008