Divya Desam

A depiction of Lord Vishnu and Lakshmi mounting on

Garuda
A Divya Desam is one of the 108 Vishnu
temples that are mentioned in the works
of the Alvars (saints). Of the 108 temples,
105 are in India, one is in Nepal, and last
two are believed to be outside the Earthly
realms. In India, they are spread over
states of Tamil Nadu (84), Kerala (13),
Andhra Pradesh (2), Gujarat (1), Uttar
Pradesh (4), Uttarakhand (3). The last two
are Thirupalkadal and Paramapadam.
Tirupalkaddal is the ocean of milk and
paramapadam is the Vaikuntha where
Lord Vishnu presides. The Divya Desams
are revered by the 12 Alvars in the Divya
Prabandha, a collection of 4,000 Tamil
verses. Divya Desams follow Thenkalai or
Vadakalai modes of worship.[1]

Etymology
In Divya desam, Divya means "premium" or
"divine" and Desam indicates "place"
(temple).

Alvars

Image of Rangamannar-Andal temple in Srivilliputhur

The word azhwar in Tamil, means one who
immerses oneself into the ocean of the
countless attributes of god. Azhwars are
considered the twelve supreme devotees
of Vishnu, who were instrumental in
popularising Vaishnavism during the 5th-
8th centuries A.D. The religious works of
these saints in Tamil, songs of love and
devotion, are compiled as Nalayira Divya
Prabandham containing 4000 verses and
the 108 temples revered in their songs are
classified as Divya desam.[2][3] The saints
had different origins and belonged to
different castes. As per tradition, the first
three azhwars, Poigai, Bhutha and Pey
were said to be born out of divinity.
According to tradition, Tirumizhisai was
the son of a sage, Thondaradi,
Mathurakavi, Peria and Andal were from
brahmin community, Kulasekhara from
Kshatria community, Namm was from a
cultivator family, Tirupana from panar
community and Tirumangai from kazhwar
community.

Divya Suri Saritra by Garuda-Vahana

Pandita (11th century AD),
Guruparamparaprabavam by Pinbaragiya
Perumal Jiyar, Periya tiru mudi adaivu by
Anbillai Kandadiappan, Yatindra Pranava
Prabavam by Pillai Lokacharya,
commentaries on Divya Prabandam, Guru
Parampara (lineage of Gurus) texts,
temple records and inscriptions give a
detailed account of the azhwars and their
works. According to these texts, the saints
were considered incarnations of some
form of Vishnu. Poigai is considered an
incarnation of Panchajanya (Krishna's
conch), Bhoothath of Kaumodakee
(Vishnu's Mace/Club), Pey of Nandaka
(Vishnu's sword), Thirumalisai of
Sudarshanam (Vishnu's discus), Namm of
Vishvaksena (Vishnu's commander),
Madhurakavi of Vainatheya (Vishnu's
eagle, Garuda), Kulasekhara of Kaustubha
(Vishnu's necklace), Periy of Garuda
(Vishnu's eagle), Andal of Bhoodevi
(Vishnu's wife, Lakshmi, in her form as
Bhudevi), Thondaradippodi of Vanamaalai
(Vishnu's garland), Thiruppaan of
Srivatsa[4](An auspicious mark on Vishnu's
chest) and Thirumangai of Saranga
(Krishna's bow). The songs of Prabandam
are regularly sung in all the Vishnu
temples of South India daily and also
during festivals.[3][5]

List of Deities in Divyadesams

Majority of Divya Desam temples are
spread over South Indian state of Tamil
Nadu. Kerala state hosts highest number
of Divya desams outside Tamil Nadu. Rest
of Divya Desams are spread over Indian
states of Andhra Pradhesh, Gujarat, Uttar
Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Some of the
prominent Sri Vaishnava temples in Tamil
Nadu state and elsewhere do not make to
this list. Apparently, these places rose to
prominence in the years after Azhvars. In
this sense, Divya Desams are mostly
geographically restricted places in much,
but not all of the Ancient Tamil Nadu and
Kerala states, with few places located
outside alluding to the mythology of
Puranas as then known to the Ancient
Tamil or Proto-Tamil speakers of Southern
India.
S.No. Name of the temple Location Photo Presiding deity

Srirangam, Trichy
district
Ranganayagi
1 Srirangam Tamil Nadu
Ranganathar
10.8625°N
78.689722°E

2 Sri Azhagiya Manavala Uraiyur, Trichy Kamalavalli Vasalaks

Perumal Temple district Azhagiya Manavala
Tamil Nadu Perumal
10.82°N 78.67°E
3 Uthamar Kovil Bhikshandar Kovil, Poornaavalli
Trichy district Purushothama Perum
Tamil Nadu
10.49°N 78.81°E
4 Pundarikakshan Perumal Thiruvellarai, Trichy Rakthapankajavalli
Temple district Pundarikaksha Perum
Tamil Nadu
10.96°N 78.67°E
5 Vadivazhagiya Nambi Anbil, Trichy district Soundaryavalli
Perumal Temple Tamil Nadu Sundaramoorthaye
10.867735°N Poornaya Perumal
78.882171°E
6 Appakkudathaan Perumal Koviladi, Trichy Indravalli
Temple district Appala Ranganatha
Tamil Nadu Perumal
10.839307°N
78.889073°E
 Kandiyur, Thanjavur
Hara Saabha district Indravalli
7 Vimocchana Perumal Tamil Nadu Appala Ranganatha
Temple 10.860255°N Perumal
79.108891°E

Aduthurai
, Thanjavur district,
Padmasani
8 Thirukoodalur Tamil Nadu
Jagathrakshaga Peru
10.925152°N
79.203532°E

Kapisthalam
, Thanjavur district,
Ramamanivalli
9 Thirukavithalam Tamil Nadu
Gajendravaradha Per
10.946890°N
79.256512°E

Pullabhoothangudi
, Thanjavur district, Hemabja
10 Thiruppullamboothangudi Tamil Nadu Thrudathanvee
10.971596°N Ramabadhra Peruma
79.303415°E

11 Thiruaadhanur Adanur, Ranganayagi

Thanjavur district, Varshakalathinayaka
Tamil Nadu Perumal
 10.976470°N
79.313454°E

Kumbakonam,
 
Thanjavur district, Komalavalli
12 Thirukudanthai Tamil Nadu Aparyapthamrutha
10.959649°N Perumal
79.374999°E

Tirunageswaram,
 
Thanjavur district, Boodevi
13 Thiruvinnagar Tamil Nadu Lavanavarjitha Sriniv
10.961570°N Perumal
79.432080°E

 
Nachiyar Kovil,
Thiruvarur district,
Vanjulavalli
14 Thirunaraiyur Tamil Nadu
Srinivasa Perumal
10.915844°N
79.445554°E

Tirucherai, Thiruvarur
 
district,
Saranayagi
15 Thirucherai Tamil Nadu
Saranatha Perumal
10.879135°N
79.454402°E

 
Nathan Kovil,
Thiruvarur district,
Thirunandhipura Shenbagavalli
16 Tamil Nadu
Vinnagaram Jagannatha Peruma
10.922075°N
79.372192°E
17 Thiruvelliyangudi Thiruvelliyangudi,   Maragadhavalli
Nagapattinam Srungarasundara
district, Danushbani Ramaya
Tamil Nadu Perumal
11.056687°N
79.443095°E

Thirukannamangai,
Nagapattinam  
district, Abishegavalli
18 Thirukannamangai
Tamil Nadu Bhaktavatsala Perum
10.799552°N
79.586645°E

Tirukannapuram,
Nagapattinam  
district, Kannapura
19 Thirukannapuram
Tamil Nadu Sowriraja Perumal
10.868499°N
79.704266°E

Tirukannankudi,
Nagapattinam
district, Loganayagi
20 Thirukannangudi
Tamil Nadu Lokanatha Perumal
10.757222°N
79.763290°E

Nagapattinam,
Nagapattinam  
district, Soundaryavalli
21 Thirunagai
Tamil Nadu Soundararaja Perum
10.759830°N
79.843706°E

Thanjavur,
Thanjavur district,
Rakthapankajavalli
22 Thiruthanjai Mamanikoil Tamil Nadu
Neelamega Perumal
10.815669°N
79.138677°E
 Manikundram Thanjavur, Ambujavalli
Thanjavur district, Maniparvatha Perum
Tamil Nadu
10.816923°N
79.137229°E

Thanjavur,
Thanjavur district,
Thanjanayagi
Thanjaiyali Nagar Tamil Nadu
Narasimha Perumal
10.816022°N
79.139155°E

 
Theranzhdur,
Nagapattinam
district, Rakthapankajavalli
23 Thiruvazhundur
Tamil Nadu Devadhiraja Perumal
11.046532°N
79.579468°E

 
Thirusirupuliyur,
Nagapattinam
district, Dhayanayagi
24 Thiruchirupuliyur
Tamil Nadu Krupasamudra Perum
10.991202°N
79.669440°E

Thalachangadu,
Nagapattinam
Siras sanga
Thiruthalaichanga district,
25 Chandrasabahara
Nanmadiyam Tamil Nadu
Perumal
11.129789°N
79.785252°E

26 Thiruindalur Indalur,   Pundareegavalli

Nagapattinam Parimalaranganatha
district, Perumal
Tamil Nadu
 11.07479°N
79.73170°E

Sirkazhi,
Nagapattinam  
Loganayagi
Thirukazhicheerama district,
27 Lokanatha Thrivikram
Vinnagaram Tamil Nadu
Perumal
11.07479°N
79.731704°E

 
Thirunangur,
Nagapattinam
district, Pankajavalli
28 Thirukkavalambadi
Tamil Nadu Gopala Krishna Peru
11.1769°N
79.7824°E

Thirunangur,
Nagapattinam
  Amrudhagadavalli
district,
29 Thiruarimeya Vinnagaram Gadakeli Narthanaya
Tamil Nadu
Perumal
11.17768°N
79.78152°E

Thirunangur,
Nagapattinam
 
district, Purushothama
30 Thiruvanpurushothamam
Tamil Nadu Purushothama Perum
11.178783°N
79.776690°E

Thirunangur,
Nagapattinam
 
district, Sweda Pushpavalli
31 Thirusemponsaikoil
Tamil Nadu Hemaranganatha Pe
11.178446°N
79.779651°E
32 Thirumanimadakoil Thirunangur,   Pundareegavalli
Nagapattinam Sashvatha Deepaya
district, Narayana Perumal
Tamil Nadu
11.173971°N
79.776872°E

Thirunangur,
Nagapattinam
 
Thiruvaigunda district, Vaigundavalli
33
Vinnagaram Tamil Nadu Vaikuntanatha Perum
11.179804°N
79.778267°E

Thirunangur,
Nagapattinam
 
district, Rakthapankajavalli
34 Thiruthetriambalam
Tamil Nadu Lakshmiranga Perum
11.17302°N
79.7951°E

Thirunangur,
Nagapattinam
 
district, Boonayagi
35 Thirumanikoodam
Tamil Nadu Varadharaja Peruma
11.177415°N
79.777838°E

 
Parthanpalli,
Nagapattinam
Kamala
district,
36 Thiruparthanpalli Parthasarathy roopa
Tamil Nadu
Kamalapathaye Peru
11.169952°N
79.797515°E
37 Thiruvali Thiruvali,   Amrudhagadavalli
Nagapattinam Kedarapathivaraya
district, Perumal
Tamil Nadu
11.202979°N
79.774538°E

Thirunagari,
Nagapattinam
 
district,
Thirunagari
Tamil Nadu
11.226354°N
79.800335°E

Thirunangur,
Nagapattinam
 
district, Samudradanaya
38 Thiruthevanarthogai
Tamil Nadu Devanayaka Peruma
11.196842°N
79.775504°E

Thirunangur,
Nagapattinam  
district, Padmavathi
39 Thiruvellakulam
Tamil Nadu Srinivasa Perumal
11.190106°N
79.764929°E

Chidambaram,
 
Cuddalore district,
Pundareegavalli
40 Thiruchitrakoodam Tamil
Govindaraja Peruma
Nadu11.399207°N
79.693364°E

Thiruvanthipuram,
Cuddalore district,
Hemabujavalli
41 Thiruvaheendrapuram Tamil
Devanatha Perumal
Nadu11.745099°N
79.709351°E

42 Thirukkovalur Thirukoyilur, Pushpavalli

 Tiruvannamalai   Thrivikrama Perumal
district,
Tamil
Nadu11.967006°N
79.202479°E

Kanchipuram,
 
Kanchipuram district,
Perundevi
43 Thirukkachi - Atthigiri Tamil
Devathiraja Perumal
Nadu12.819137°N
79.724646°E

Kanchipuram,
 
Kanchipuram district,
Padmasani
44 Ashtabuyagaram Tamil
Gajendravarada Peru
Nadu12.822736°N
79.710806°E

 
Kanchipuram,
Kanchipuram district,
Maragadhavalli
45 Thiruthanka Tamil
Deepaprakasa Perum
Nadu12.824382°N
79.705543°E

Kanchipuram,
 
Kanchipuram district, Amruthavalli
46 Thiruvelukkai Tamil Sundharayoghanaras
Nadu12.822197°N Perumal
79.706450°E

Kanchipuram,
 
Kanchipuram district,
Boovalli
47 Thiruneeragam Tamil
Jagadeeswara Perum
Nadu12.839122°N
79.705185°E

48 Thiruppadagam Kanchipuram, Rukmani Sathyabam

Kanchipuram district, Pandavadootha Peru
Tamil
 Nadu12.842726°N  
79.696941°E

Kanchipuram,
 
Kanchipuram district,
Chandrasoodavalli
49 Nilathingal Thundam Tamil
Chandrasooda Perum
Nadu12.847463°N
79.699313°E

Kanchipuram,
 
Kanchipuram district,
Amudavalli
50 Thiruooragam Tamil
Thrivikrama Perumal
Nadu12.839122°N
79.705185°E

Kanchipuram,
 
Kanchipuram district,
Komalavalli
51 Thiruvehka Tamil
Yathokthakari Perum
Nadu12.824070°N
79.712462°E

Kanchipuram,
 
Kanchipuram district,
Padmamani
52 Thirukkaragam Tamil
Karunagara Perumal
Nadu12.839122°N
79.705185°E

Kanchipuram,
 
Kanchipuram district,
Kamalavalli
53 Thirukkarvaanam Tamil
Neelamega Perumal
Nadu12.839122°N
79.705185°E

Kanchipuram,
 
Kanchipuram district,
Sundarabimbavalli
54 Thirukkalvanur Tamil
Choranatha Perumal
Nadu12.840653°N
79.703250°E

55 Thiruppavalavannam Kanchipuram, Pravalavalli

 Kanchipuram district,   Pravalavarna Peruma
Tamil
Nadu12.843658°N
79.707604°E

Kanchipuram,
 
Kanchipuram district,
Thiru Parameswara Vaigundavalli
56 Tamil
Vinnagaram Vaikundanatha Perum
Nadu12.837151°N
79.709482°E

Thiruputkuzhi,
 
Kanchipuram district,
Vijayaraghava Perumal Maragadavalli
57 Tamil
Temple Vijayaraghava Perum
Nadu12.872642°N
79.618683°E

Thirunindravur,
 
Tiruvallur District,
Sudhavalli
58 Thirunindravur Tamil
Bhaktavatsala Perum
Nadu13.112501°N
80.026096°E

Thiruvallur,
 
Tiruvallur district, Kanagavalli
59 Thiruvallur Tamil Vaidhya Veeraraghav
Nadu13.143204°N Perumal
79.907439°E

Chennai,
 
Chennai district,
Rukmani
60 Thiruvallikeni Tamil
Venkatakrishna Peru
Nadu13.053920°N
80.276942°E

Kanchipuram,  
Kanchipuram district,
Sundaravalli
61 Thiruneermalai Tamil
Jalathivarnaya Perum
Nadu12.963808°N
80.114953°E
62 Thiruvidanthai Thiruvidanthai,   Komalavalli
Kanchipuram district, Lakshmivaraha Peru
Tamil
Nadu12.763217°N
80.242538°E

Mahabalipuram,
Kanchipuram district,  
Boosthalamangadev
63 Thirukkadalmallai Tamil
Sthalasayana Perum
Nadu12.617464°N
80.193303°E

Sholinghur,  
Vellore district,
Amruthabalavalli
64 Thirukkadigai Tamil
Yoganarasimha Peru
Nadu13.093698°N
79.424626°E

Ayodhya,
Faizabad district,
Seethadevi
65 Thiruvayothi Uttar
Ramachandra Perum
Pradesh26.71481°N
82.82272°E

Naimisaranya,  
Uttar Sriharilakshmi
66 Thirunaimisaranyam
Pradesh27.43625°N Devaraja Perumal
80.57052°E

Jyothirmath,
 
Chamoli district, Parimalavalli
67 Thirupruthi Uttarakhand Paramapurushaya
29.92981°N Perumal
79.42245°E

Devaprayag,
Tehri Garhwal  
Thirukkandamenum district, Pundareegavalli
68
Kadinagar Uttarakhand Neelamega Perumal
26.95009°N
80.43869°E
69 Thiruvadariyachramam Badrinath,   Aravindavalli
Chamoli district, Badrinarayana Perum
Uttarakhand
26.95009°N
80.43869°E

 
Muktinath Valley
Sridevi
70 Thirusalakraamam 28.816711°N
Srimoorthi Perumal
83.871280°E

Mathura,
Mathura district,   Sathyabama
71 Thiruvadamadurai Uttar Pradesh Govardhanagiridhari
27.504756°N Perumal
77.669646°E

Gokul,
 
Mathura district, Rukmani Sathyabam
72 Thiruvaipadi Uttar Pradesh Navamohanakrishna
26.95009°N Perumal
80.43869°E

Dwarka,
Devbhoomi Dwarka   Lakshmi
district, Rukmanyadhi
73 Thirudwaragai
Gujarat Ashtamahishi,
24.00995°N Dwarakadeesa Perum
73.33053°E

Ahobilam,
  Amruthavalli
Kurnool district,
Thirusingavelkundram Senchulakshmi
74 Andhra Pradesh
(Ahobilam) Lakshminarasimha
15.34099°N
Perumal
79.15329°E

Tirupati,
 
Chittoor district,
Padmavathi
75 Thiruvengadam(Tirupati) Andhra Pradesh
Srinivasa Perumal
13.83393°N
79.40872°E
76 Thirunavai Tirunavaya,   Vithuvakoduvalli
Mallapuram district, Abhayapradhaya Per
Kerala
10.360704°N
76.83654°E

Thiruvithuvakoodu,
Palakkad district,
Vathsalyavalli
77 Thiruvithuvakodu Kerala
Katkaraswami Perum
10.36070°N
76.83654°E

Thrikkakara,
 
Ernakulam district,
Madhuraveni
78 Thirukatkarai Kerala
Sookthinatha Perum
10.36070°N
76.83654°E

Thirumoozhikulam,
 
Ernakulam district,
Vathsalyavalli
79 Thirumoozhikkalam Kerala
Sundaraya Perumal
10.36070°N
76.8365°E

Thiruvalla,
Pathanamthitta  
Karpagavalli
district,
80 Thiruvallavazh Amruthanarayana
Kerala
Perumal
9.42723°N
76.81732°E

Thrikkodithanam,
 
Kottayam District,
Rakthapankajavalli
81 Thirukkadithanam Kerala
Devathideva Peruma
9.42723°N
76.81732°E

82 Thiruchengundrur Chengannur, Hemalatha

Alappuzha District, Mayashaktiyuthaswa
Kerala Perumal
 9.42723°N
76.81732°E

Thripuliyur,
 
Alappuzha District,
Padmasani
83 Thiruppuliyur Kerala
Vamana Perumal
9.42723°N
76.81732°E

Aranmula,
 
Pathanamthitta
District, Kamalavalli
84 Thiruvaranvilai
Kerala Kamalanatha Perum
9.35542°N
76.76033°E

 
Thiruvanvandoor,
Alappuzha District, Harilakshmi
85 Thiruvanvandoor Kerala Ananthapadmanabh
9.35542°N Perumal
76.76031°E

Thiruvananthapuram,
Thiruvananthapuram  
District, Maragadhavalli
86 Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala Adhikesava Perumal
8.53402°N
76.92787°E

Thiruvattar,
 
Kanyakumari district, Kamalavalli
87 Thiruvattaru Tamil Nadu Thiruvazhmarbhan
8.36897°N Perumal
77.241670°E

88 Thiruvanparisaram Thiruppathisaram,   vamanashetravalli

Kanyakumari district, Vamanakshetrapoor
Tamil Perumal
 Nadu8.254153°N
77.47032°E

Thirukkurungudi,
 
Tirunelveli district,
Chireevaramangaiva
89 Thirukkurungudi Tamil
Thothadhrinatha Per
Nadu8.436906°N
77.5259°E

 
Nanguneri,
Tirunelveli district,
Boonayagi, Vaigunda
90 Thirucheeravaramangai Tamil
Vaikuntanatha Perum
Nadu8.436905°N
77.5259°E

Srivaikuntam,
Thoothukudi district,  
Varagunavalli
91 Thiruvaigundam Tamil
Vijayasana Perumal
Nadu8.609726°N
77.9760°E

Natham,
Boonayagi
Thoothukudi district,  
Boomipalaya
92 Thiruvaragunamangai Tamil
Vairinedharchidha Go
Nadu8.60972°N
Perumal
77.976037°E

Thirupulingudi,
Thoothukudi district,   Visalakrishnakshidev
93 Thiruppuliangudi Tamil Aravindhalochana
Nadu8.60972°N Perumal
77.976037°E

94 Thirutholaivillimangalam Tholavillimangalam, Baligavalli Padmavat

(Navathirupathi) Thoothukudi district, Srinivasa Perumal
Tamil
Nadu8.60972°N
77.97603°E
  

Perungulam,
 
Thoothukudi district,
Thirukkulandai Kolurvalli
95 Tamil
(Navathirupathi) Nikshepavithaya Per
Nadu8.606968°N
77.950545°E

Thirukolur,
Kundalakarnadevi
Thoothukudi district,  
Thirukkolur Dheerga
96 Tamil
(Navathirupathi) Magarakundaladhara
Nadu8.6065018°N
Perumal
77.97389°E

Thenthiruperai,
Thoothukudi district,  
Aadhinathavalli
97 Thirupperai Tamil
Aadhinatha Perumal
Nadu8.60650°N
77.97389°E

Alwarthirunagari,  
Thoothukudi district,
Kodhadevi
98 Thirukkurugur Tamil
Vadapathrasayee Pe
Nadu8.60696°N
77.95054°E

Srivilliputhur,
Virudhunagar  
district, Rakthapankajavalli
99 Thiruvillipputhur
Tamil Narayana Perumal
Nadu8.60696°N
77.95054°E
100 Thiruthangal Thiruthankal   Madhuravalli
Virudhunagar Sangamasundharaya
district, Perumal
Tamil
Nadu9.010702°N
77.8853°E

Madurai,
 
Madurai district,
Sundaravalli
101 Thirukkoodal Tamil
Chorasundara Perum
Nadu9.98860°N
78.26434°E

Alagar Koyil,
Madurai district,  
Mohavalli
102 Thirumaliruncholai Tamil
Kalamega Perumal
Nadu9.988609°N
78.2643428°E

Thirumohur,
 
Madurai district, Mahalakshmi
103 Thirumogur Tamil Uraga Mrudusayanay
Nadu9.98860°N Perumal
78.26434°E

 
Thirukoshtiyur,
Sivaganga district, Kalyanavalli, Padmas
104 Thirukkoshtiyur Tamil Kalyana Jagannatha
Nadu9.98860°N Perumal
78.2643°E

Thirupullani,
Ramanathapuram  
district, Ujjeevana
105 Thiruppullani
Tamil Sathyagirinatha Peru
Nadu9.98860°N
8.26434°E

106 Thirumeyyam Thirumayam, Sridevi

 Pudukottai district,   Venkatesa Perumal
Tamil
Nadu9.98860°N
78.2643°E

Kadal Magal
Heavenly
107 Thirupalkadal Sri Devi
Vinnulaga Thirupathi
Thiruppaarkadal Nat

Heavenly   Periya Pirattiyaar

108 Thirupparamapadham
Vinnulaga Thirupathi
Paramapadha Natha

Gallery
  

Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam

Padmanabhaswamy Temple
  

Kallazhagar Temple

Sarangapani Temple
  

Varadaraja Perumal Temple

Srivilliputhur Andal Temple

  

Tirupathi Devastanam

See also
Mangalasasanam by Divyadesam

Maps
Map of 108 Divyadesam along with links
for virtual tour and travel information
Map of Divyadesam around Trichy
Map of Divyadesam around Madurai
 Map of Kerala Divyadesams
Map of Ahobilam Divyadesam along
with links photos

Notes
1. R.K.K. Rajarajan (2012) Antiquity of the
Vaiṣṇava divyakśētras in Pāṇḍinādu. Acta
Orientalia, Societates Orientales Danica
Fennica Norvegia Svecia, Vol. 73, pp. 59-
104. ISSN 0001-6438 .
https://www.academia.edu/7529429/Antiq
uity_of_the_divyak%E1%B9%A3etras_in_P%
C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Din%C4%81
%E1%B8%8Du and R.K.K. Rajarajan (2013)
Historical sequence of the Vaiṣṇava
Divyadeśas. Sacred venues of Viṣṇism.
Acta Orientalia, Societates Orientales
Danica Fennica Norvegia Svecia, Vol. 74, pp.
37-90. ISSN 0001-6438 .
https://www.academia.edu/12405403/Hist
orical_sequence_of_the_Vai%E1%B9%A3%E
1%B9%87ava_Divyade%C5%9Bas._Sacred_v
enues_of_Vi%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87ism
2. Rao, P.V.L. Narasimha (2008).
Kanchipuram – Land of Legends, Saints &
Temples . New Delhi: Readworthy
Publications (P) Ltd. p. 27. ISBN 978-93-
5018-104-1.
3. Dalal 2011, pp. 20-21
4. R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016) Master-Slave
Ambivalence in the hagiography of the
Āḻvārs. The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic
Society 107.1: 44-60. ISSN 0047-8555 .
https://www.academia.edu/27087316/Mast
er-
Slave_Ambivalence_in_the_hagiography_of_
the_%C4%80%E1%B8%BBv%C4%81rs
5. Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical
Dictionary of the Tamils . Scarecrow Press.
p. 211. ISBN 9780810864450.
6. Mittal, Sushil; Thursby, G. R. (2005). The
Hindu World . New York: Routelge. p. 456.
ISBN 0-203-67414-6.
7. Vater, Tom (2010). Moon Spotlight
Angkor Wat. USA: Perseus Books Group.
p. 40. ISBN 9781598805611.
8. Jones, Victoria (2004). Wonders of the
World Dot-to-Dot. New York: Sterling
Publishing Co., Inc. p. 4. ISBN 1-4027-1028-
3.
9. S., Prabhu (27 December 2012). "Unique
drama unfolds during procession" . The
Hindu. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
10. "Unique drama unfolds during
procession" . The Hindu. 8 April 2005.
Retrieved 2013-09-09.
11. S., Prabhu (6 January 2012).
"Ranganatha suffered his pain" . The Hindu.
Retrieved 2013-07-21.
12. T.A., Srinivasan (21 March 2003).
"Temple for the Great Trinity" . The Hindu.
Retrieved 2013-09-09.
13. Daniel, Val (1984). Fluid Signs: Being a
Person the Tamil Way . University of
California Press. pp. 139–140.
ISBN 9780520061675.
14. Hultzsch, Eugen (1890). South-Indian
inscriptions, Volumes 9–10 .
Superintendent, Gov't press. p. 298.
15. "Swastik Well, Tiruvellarai" . Department
of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu.
Retrieved 2013-07-07.
16. M., Balaganessin (2008-05-17). "Pallava-
built tank plagued by vandalism at
Tiruvellarai" . The Hindu. Tiruchi. Retrieved
2013-03-04.
17. "Hundreds pull temple car" . The Hindu.
Tiruchi. 2010-04-09. Retrieved 2013-03-04.
18. "Devotees pull temple car" . The Hindu.
Tiruchi. 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2013-03-04.
19. "Sri Sundararaja Perumal temple" .
Dinamalar. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
20. Ayyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1982). South
Indian Shrines: Illustrated . New Delhi:
Asian Educational Services. p. 533.
ISBN 9788120601512.
21. Jouveau-Dubreuil, Tony (1994). The
Pallavas . New Delhi: Asian Educational
Services. p. 77. ISBN 81-206-0574-8.
22. Jouveau-Dubreuil, G. (1994). Pallava
Antiquities – 2 Vols . Asian Educational
Services. p. 13. ISBN 978-81-206-0571-8.
23. S., Prabhu (16 September 2010).
"Restoring the glory of a temple" . The
Hindu. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
24. Soundara Rajan, Kodayanallur
Vanamamalai (2001). Concise classified
dictionary of Hinduism . New Delhi:
Concept Publishing Company. p. 65.
ISBN 81-7022-857-3.
25. "Temple for the Great Trinity" . The
Hindu. 11 June 2005. Retrieved 21 February
2016.

References
B. S., Chandrababu; S., Ganeshram; C.,
Bhavani (2011). History of People and
Their Environs . Bharathi Puthakalayam.
ISBN 9789380325910.
Chari, S. M. Srinivasa (1997). Philosophy
and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl ̲vārs .
Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
ISBN 9788120813427.
Dalal, Roshen (2011). Hinduism: An
Alphabetical Guide . Penguin Books
India. ISBN 9780143414216.
Das, Sisir Kumar; Sāhitya Akādemī
(2005). A history of Indian literature, 500-
1399: from courtly to the popular .
chennai: Sāhitya Akādemī. ISBN 81-260-
 2171-3.
Ramanujan, Attipat Krishnaswami
(2005). Hymns for the Drowning: Poems
for Vishnu . Penguin Books.
ISBN 9780144000104.
Govindāchārya, Aḷkoṇḍavilli (1902). The
Holy Lives of the Azhvârs: Or, the Drâvida
Saints . Mysore: G. T. A. Press.

R.K.K. Rajarajan (2013) Historical

sequence of the Vaiṣṇava Divyadeśas.
Sacred venues of Viṣṇism. Acta Orientalia,
Societates Orientales Danica Fennica
Norvegia Svecia, Vol. 74, pp. 37–90.
ISSN 0001-6438 R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016)
Master-Slave Ambivalence in the
hagiography of the Āḻvārs . The Quarterly
Journal of the Mythic Society 107.1: 44-60.
ISSN 0047-8555

External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related
 
to Divya Desams.

www.divyadesam.com
108 Divyadesam map
Contact phone numbers for Divya
Desam Temples
Divya Prabhandam by Divya Desam
Compilation of all Pasurams pertaining
to each of the 108 Divya desam. Handy
as a travel reference guide
Key Divya Desam details - Thayar,
Moolavar, Utsavar, Kolam, Pasuram etc
compiled in a neat page/ single table
"108 Vainava Divyadesa Sthala
Varalaru" by 'Vaishnava Sudarazhi' Dr. A.
Ethirajan B.A. of Karaikudi, published by
the Sri Vaishnava Siddhanta
Publications
Compilation on 108 Divya Desam
4000 Divya Prabhandam as one pdf file
2.16 MB
4000 Divya Prabhandam free download
from Project Tamil
 4000 Divya Prabhandam from Tamil
Virtual University Library
Divya Desams list at Vedagnana
R.K.K. Rajarajan (2012) Antiquity of the
Vaiṣṇava divyakśētras in Pāṇḍinādu .
Acta Orientalia, Societates Orientales
Danica Fennica Norvegia Svecia, Vol. 73,
pp. 59-104. ISSN 0001-6438

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title=Divya_Desam&oldid=844225498"

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