1.2.1 PF Filter Plates

Filter plates
Mechanical overview of PF
Learning objectives
After the module the participant

is able to:
• Explain the essential parts of the filter plate.
• Understand the filter plate’s use in filtration.
• Have general idea of the differences of the plates in different PF
series.
PF Customer Training
© Outotec – All rights reserved
Agenda
1 Plate pack and plate structures
2 Rubber materials and storing
1. Plate pack and plate structures
Plate pack and plate structures
Plate pack
Top Pressing Plate
Topmost Filter Plate
Filter Plates (left or

right handed)
Filter Plate with

auxiliary drive roller
Lowest Filter Plate

Lower Pressing Plate
Different filter plates

0.4 m²
2.5 m²
1.6 m²
6 m²
9 m²
Outotec Larox – 6 m2 plate
Slurry in
Pressing air in/out
Filtrate out Filtrate out
Slurry in
Clarification of right and left handed plates
Different filter plates Slurry in

Pressing air in/out
1. Face to pressing air

inlet/outlet
2. If roller is in your left

hand side: plate is left
handed
3. If roller is in your right

hand side: plate is right
Slurry in
handed
PF Filter plate
Cloth
Grid
Filtrate vat
Base plate
Diaphragm
Frame
Sealing flat
PF 30 – 6 m2 plates
Larox Pressure Filter Plate Construction
45 mm Chamber
Available in 304L, 316L, SAF2205 and 904L stainless steel
construction
60 mm Chamber
Grids and vats in polyethylene construction
Filter area 60 - 144 m2 (645.6 – 1550 ft2)

75 mm Chamber
Rubber Materials
Plate pack open
Rubber Materials
Plate pack closed and sealed
Rubber Materials
Filtration
Rubber Materials
Diaphragm pressing
Rubber Materials
End of pressing – diaphragm on cake surface
Rubber Materials
Pressing pressure release – Start of air drying
Rubber Materials
Process pressure release
Rubber Materials
Plate pack opening for cake discharge
Filter plate structure Filtering chamber is formed between

two filter plates
• 1. Plate pack and plate structures Pressing air

Slurry feed &
drying air
Filter plate
Slurry feed
& Filter cloth
drying air
Grid / vat Filtrate out
Filtering chamber
Seal
Diaphragm
Filtrate out
Grid
Grid, cloth side (top)
• Plate packsupport
The grids and plate structures
the cloth and allows filtrate to
go through.
• Outotec has two grid models rectangular and
diagonal apertures and two material choices.
• Both are made of Polyprophylene (PP)
• Yellow is plain PP, tmax = +40 oC, standard
• Grey contains 20% of glassfiber, balance is PP, tmax
= +80 oC, for ”extreme” conditions.
• The diagonal model is Outotec standard grid. It
has lower tension against the cloth due to
smaller orifice diameter and lower risk of cloth
folding plus it has smaller possibility of cake
cracking. Definitely needed for thin cakes.
• The rectangular model has better mechanical
properties and little bit more open area for filtrate
flow. Recommended for higher capacities with
thick cake.
Grid sets
• Diagonal design grid sets are configured from separate 583 x 300 mm pieces.
Example of the
diagonal type grid
set for the 6 m2
filter plate
• Rectangular design grid sets are configured from sections of 2 pcs of 350 x750 mm
pieces welded together.
Example of the
rectangular type
grid set for the 6 m2
filter plate
• Chamfered corners are cut and reinforcement strips welded manually.
Grid sets (the latest versions)

Item Code Type Material Selection
F601609/Y Diagonal 6,0 m2, Yellow PP Standard
F601609/G Diagonal 6,0 m2, Gray PP + 20 % Glassfibre High temperature
F500566/Y Rectangular 6,0 m2, Yellow PP High capacity
High capacity and high
F500566/G Rectangular 6,0 m2, Gray PP + 20 % Glassfibre
temperature
Filtrate vat HMWPE = high molecular

weight polyethylene
• The vat lays a platform for the grid set and
collects
Plate the and
pack filtrate fromstructures
plate corners to the collectors.
From the bottom side the vat is figured according
to the bend angles of the base plate.
• The design of the corners of the vat has changed
during the time and three common material
options are available:
• Polyethylene (HMWPE) PE500, standard
• Polyethylene (HMWPE1000) PE1000, for
abrassive conditions
• Polypropylene (PP), if problems with
standard PE500 and temperature > 60 C°
• For the vats for 6.0 m2 filter plates there is also
available version with hydraulic pipe inserts in
the filtrate holes against excess wearing caused
by solids in the drying air.
Filtrate vat corner development

• Each vat has two 1500 mm x 2005 mm areas for grids
• During the years three different corner versions
Vers. 1 – Round corner
Vers. 2 – Grooved corner
Vers. 3 – Current corner
Filtrate vats 6.0 m2 (the latest most common versions)

Item Code Type Material Selection
Plate pack
F000544/PE/BL and
(lowest plate
F000543) structures
60 mm, 6,0 m2 PE500 Standard
F000544/PE1000 (lowest F000543/) 60 mm, 6,0 m2 PE1000 Abrasive conditions
F000544/COP/BL 60 mm, 6,0 m2 Copolymer PP High temperature
F672391 (lowest F672418) 60 mm, 6,0 m2, steel pipes PE500 Standard
F672391/PE1000 (lowest F672418/) 60 mm, 6,0 m2, steel pipes PE1000 Abrasive conditions
F672391/M1142-4 60 mm, 6,0 m2, steel pipes Copolymer PP High temperature
Abrasive conditions, to
F705272/PE1000 (lowest F705709/) 60 mm, 6,0 m2, 3 filtrate holes PE1000
replace P17982
60 mm, 6,0 m2, 3 filtrate holes, Abrasive conditions, to
F705130/PE1000 (lowest F711848/) PE1000
steel pipes replace P17982
If needed to change to vat type, please verify the suitability carefully!
Filtrate Vat / Collector

Seal
Grid
Collector
Vat
Filtrate Vat / Collector

Vat
Collector
Filtrate flow
Rubber Materials
Vat-collector seal
Seal between vat and collector

• AISI 316 steel + rubber lining on both sides
• Water-cut from rubber lined plate
• EPDM or Natural rubber
Rubber Materials
Collector seal
Lip seal between collectors
Standard materials:
• Natural rubber
Most applications:
• EPDM
Temperature & chemical
resistant
Rubber Materials
Collector bellow
• Collectors can be connected with bellows to
form a continuous collector line
• Alternative construction to normal collectors for
applications where leakproof construction is
needed.
Rubber Materials
Diaphragms / Larox PF-filters

Outotec Larox Pressure Filters
• Filtration area 1.6 – 156 m2
• Three main sizes of diaphragms
• 1.6 m2 (1806x955 cup & 1810x960 flat)
• 2.5 m2 (2500x1110 flat)
• 6.0 m2 (4140x1600 flat)
Rubber Materials
Flat diaphragms 6 m2
Item Code Type Material Selection Charasteristic / purpose
P211838 FLAT 6,0m2 NR Standard Good wear and mechanical resistance
P211838/IIR1 FLAT 6,0m2 IIR Special Good resistance for acids
P211838/EPDM1 FLAT 6,0m2 EPDM Special Good service temperature and for chemicals
P211838/NRSBR1 FLAT 6,0m2 NR/SBR Special
Rubber Materials
Flat diaphragms 6 m2
NR (P211838)
EPDM (P211838/EPDM1)
IIR (P211838/IIR1)
Rubber Materials
Sealing flat / 6 m2 plates

L = 1068 mm L = 1206 mm
EPDM SBR
1 - P413393EPDM (end, 2 pcs/plate) 1 - P413393 (SBR, end, 2 pcs/plate)
2 - P413394EPDM (corner, 4 pcs/plate) 2 - P413394 (SBR, corner, 4 pcs/plate)
3 - P413392EPDM (side, 6 pcs/plate) 3 - P413392 (SBR, side, 6 pcs/plate)
Rubber Materials
Seal element:
• Rubber is incompressible
• volume of rubber does not change when pressed, only shape is changing
• Backside of seal is made of two steel stripes
• ensures firm fixing of seal elements
• easy installation due to flexible joint
• rubberfilled gap between stripes acts as sealing element
Backside sealing
Rubber Materials

Backside sealing Metal stripes for fixing and making
seal elements rigid
Sticker with
manufacturing time
(Quarter of year) and
item code
Ends of seal 100 % rubber to

ensure tightness of element joint
Rubber Materials
Sealing flat / 6 m2 plates / Installation
Order of seal element installation:

1.End elements (L = 1068 mm)
2.Corner elements
3.Side elements (L = 1206 mm) next to corner elements
4.Side elements in the middle
Rubber Materials
Seal element installation:

• Press end seal (L = 1068 mm) into the groove
• Install corner elements
• Press corner elements against end element by chisel to make
~2 mm compression
• Repeat this to the other end of the plate
Rubber Materials
Seal element installation (continued):

• Install side elements (L = 1206 mm) against all corner elements. Remember ~2 mm
compression
• Finally install midmost seal elements on both sides of the plate. First fix ends of
element into the groove (A) and then press center of element into the groove (B) to
cause necessary compression
Rubber Materials
Feed/Filtrate/Pressing air hose Rubber Materials
• ID 40 mm / OD 58 mm
• Max 25 bar / Vacuum max 0,9 bar
• P411382-XXXX
• EPDM
• Textile + steel wire
2. Rubber materials and storing
Rubber Materials
Rubber compound / general

General purpose NR-compound, EXAMPLE
NR (SMR10) 100,0 Elastomer

Peptizer 0,5 Masticating of NR
Zn-soap 3,5 Lubricating, CB dispersion
Zinc oxide 3,0 Activator of accelerator / S
Stearic acid 1,5 Activator of accelerator / S
Carbon black (N-330) 45,0 Reinforcing filler
ODPA 1,5 Antiozonant
6PPD 2,0 Antioxidant
Protective vax 2,0 Ozone protection
Cumarone resin 4,0 Better sticking in raw state
CBS 0,5 Accelerator
Sulphur 2,5 Vulcanizing agent
166,0
Rubber Materials
Vulcanizing / Curing
Plastic material
• rubber compound
Forming
• molding
• extrusion
• calendering
Heating
• curing
Elastic product
Rubber Materials
Diaphragms / Manufacturing methods

Mould manufacturing Sheet manufacturing
Rubber Materials
General rubber types
Evaluation scale: 5 = Excellent, 4 =Fine, 3 = Good, 2 = Acceptable, 1 = Poor
Rubber Materials
Diaphragms / storaging
Most suitable conditions for storaging rubber products (according to

standard ISO 2230)
TEMPERATURE
• Storage temperature should be below +25 °C
• Below +15 °C  temperature as such is not harmful for rubber  becomes stiffer 
handle with care when cold  raise completely to ~ +30 °C before actual use
HUMIDY
• Avoid storage in extremely humid circumstances  no condensation
LIGHT
• Protect from light, especially direct sunlight and strong artificial light with a high ultra-
violet content
Rubber Materials

standard ISO 2230)
OXYGEN AND OZONE

• If possible, protect from circulating air by wrapping, air-tight containers or other
suitable means
• Avoid ozone generating equipment in storage room (e.g. fluorescent or mercury
vapour lamps, high voltage electric equipment, electric motors)
• Avoid combusting gases and organic vapours ( ozone by photochemical process)
DEFORMATION
• Rubber products should be storaged in a relaxed conditions free of tension,
compression or other deformation
Rubber Materials

standard ISO 2230)
CONTACT WITH LIQUID, SEMI-SOLID MATERIALS

OR WITH THEIR VAPOURS
• Rubber products must be protected from liquids and semi- solid materials
• Especially solvents, volatile materials, oils and fats have to be avoided
CONTACT WITH METALS

• Isolate rubber products from certain metals – especially copper and manganese have
deteriorating influence on rubber products
DUSTING POWDER
• Most suitable are chalk, talc and mica
Rubber Materials

standard ISO 2230)
CONTACT BETWEEN DIFFERENT RUBBERS

• Contact between rubbers of different composition should be avoided
RUBBER-TO-METAL BONDS
• Bonded metal should not come into contact with vulcanized rubber other than at the
bond
CONTAINERS, WRAPPING AND COVERING MATERIAL

• Materials should be free from substances deterious to vulcanized rubber, e.g. copper
naphthenates, creosote
Rubber Materials

standard ISO 2230)
ROTATION OF STOCKS
• Storaging time as short as possible
• First in – First out  items in store are those of latest delivery
CLEANING
• Cleaning with soap and water is preferred
• Avoid
• abrasives
• sharp objects
• solvents such as trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and hydrocarbons
• Cleaned articles should be dried at room temperature
Rubber Materials
Rubbers / storaging
Shelf Life of Common Elastomers (ISO 2230:2002 (E))
Group A
natural rubber, polyisoprene, polyurethane, styrene- 5 years
butadiene extension 2 years
Group B
nitrile, butyl, epichlorohydrin, polyacrylate, 7 years
polychloroprene (’Neoprene’) extension 3 years
Group C
Chlorosulphonated polyethylene, EPDM, fluorocarbon, 10 years
fluorosilicone, silicone Extension 5 years
Thank you for your attention!
Do you have any questions?

1.2.1 PF Filter Plates

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Filter plates

After the module the participant

1 Plate pack and plate structures

2 Rubber materials and storing

Topmost Filter Plate

Filter Plates (left or

Filter Plate with

Lowest Filter Plate

Different filter plates

Outotec Larox – 6 m2 plate

Different filter plates

Filtrate out Filtrate out

Clarification of right and left handed plates

Different filter plates Slurry in

1. Face to pressing air

2. If roller is in your left

3. If roller is in your right

Filter area 60 - 144 m2 (645.6 – 1550 ft2)

Plate pack open

Plate pack closed and sealed

End of pressing – diaphragm on cake surface

Pressing pressure release – Start of air drying

Process pressure release

Plate pack opening for cake discharge

Filter plate structure Filtering chamber is formed between

• 1. Plate pack and plate structures Pressing air

• Chamfered corners are cut and reinforcement strips welded manually.

Grid sets (the latest versions)

Filtrate vat HMWPE = high molecular

Filtrate vat corner development

Plate pack and plate structures

Vers. 1 – Round corner

Vers. 2 – Grooved corner

Vers. 3 – Current corner

Filtrate vats 6.0 m2 (the latest most common versions)

F000544/PE1000 (lowest F000543/) 60 mm, 6,0 m2 PE1000 Abrasive conditions

F000544/COP/BL 60 mm, 6,0 m2 Copolymer PP High temperature

F672391/M1142-4 60 mm, 6,0 m2, steel pipes Copolymer PP High temperature

If needed to change to vat type, please verify the suitability carefully!

Filtrate Vat / Collector

Plate pack and plate structures

Filtrate Vat / Collector

Seal between vat and collector

Diaphragms / Larox PF-filters

P211838 FLAT 6,0m2 NR Standard Good wear and mechanical resistance

P211838/IIR1 FLAT 6,0m2 IIR Special Good resistance for acids

P211838/NRSBR1 FLAT 6,0m2 NR/SBR Special

Sealing flat / 6 m2 plates

Sealing flat / 6 m2 plates

Sealing flat / 6 m2 plates

Ends of seal 100 % rubber to

Sealing flat / 6 m2 plates / Installation

Order of seal element installation:

Sealing flat / 6 m2 plates / Installation

Seal element installation:

Sealing flat / 6 m2 plates / Installation

Seal element installation (continued):

Feed/Filtrate/Pressing air hose Rubber Materials

Rubber compound / general

NR (SMR10) 100,0 Elastomer

Diaphragms / Manufacturing methods

General rubber types

Evaluation scale: 5 = Excellent, 4 =Fine, 3 = Good, 2 = Acceptable, 1 = Poor