Assalamualaikum and a very good day.

The history of medieval mathematics

development starts when medieval European interest in mathematics was driven by
concerns quite different from those of modern mathematics. One of the driving
element was the belief that mathematics provided the key to understanding the
created order of nature, frequentlly justified by Platos's Timaeus and the biblical
passsage in the book of wisdom that God had ordered all things in measure, number
and weight,

During the centuries in which the Chinese, Indian and Islamic mathematicians had
been rising. Europe fell into the Dark Ages, where science, mathematics and almost
all intelectual endeavors were stopped. From the 4th to 12th Centuries, Europen
knowlege and study of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music was limited mainly
to Boethius's translation of some works of Ancient Greek masters such as Nicomachus
and Euclid. All trades and calculations were made using a clumsy and inefficient
Roman numerical system, and with abstracting based on Greek and Roman models. By
the 12th century, Europe and especially Italy had begun trading with the East and
Eastern knowledge gradually began to spread to the West. Robert of Chester
translated Al-Khawarizmi's important book on Latin algebra in the 12th century, and
the full text of the "Elements" of Euclid was translated in various versions by
Adelard of Bath, Herman of Carinthia and Gerard of Cremona. The expansion of trade
and commerce in general has created practical necessities for the growing
mathematics, and arithmetic incorporate more into the life of the ordinary and no
longer confined to the academic field. The emergence of printing press in the mid-
15th century also had a major impact. A number of books on arithmetic were
published for the purpose of teaching entrepreneurs how to computerize their
commercial needs and mathematics gradually began to gain a more prominent place in
education. The great medieval mathematician in Europe was Leonardo of Pisa from
Italy, better known by his nickname Fibonacci. Although well-known for the sequence
of Fibonacci numbers, perhaps its most important contribution to European
mathematics was its role in spreading the use of the Hindu-Arab numerical system
throughout Europe in the early 13th century, which later made the Roman numerical
system obsolete, and paved the way for progress major in European mathematics. The
great mathematician of the 14th century was the Frenchman Nicole Oresme. He used
the rectangular coordinate system centuries before his compatriot René Descartes
popularized his idea, and maybe even the first time-speed graph. In addition to his
research in musicology, he was the first to use fractional exponents, and also
worked on infinite series, becoming the first to prove that 1⁄1 + 1⁄2 + 1⁄3 + 1⁄4 +
1⁄5 harmonic series are different infinite series that is, they are not inclined,
other than infinite. Mention should also be made of Nicholas of Cusa, a German
philosopher, mathematician and astronomer of the 15th century, whose early ideas on
mathematics did not directly influence later mathematicians such as Gottfried
Leibniz and Georg Cantor. He also holds some non-standard intuitive ideas about the
universe and the position of the Earth within it, and about the planets' elliptical
orbits and their relative motion, reflecting Copernicus and Kepler's later
findings.

Mathematics in religion is when geometry is used in the developments of some

religious designs. By infusing mathematics, their works of art became full of
symolisms and meanings. During medieval times, people used different geometric
symbols to defy their religious ideas and beliefs as much as words do. Educational
system during the medieval period are The seven Liberal Arts which consists of The
Trivium and The Quadrivium. The Trivium consists of Logic, Rhetoric and Latin
Grammar. The Quadrivium consists of arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy.
Golden Ratio is two quantities if their ratio is the same as their ratio to the sum
to the larger of the two quantities. We use phi to denote the golden ratio and its
respectively.

That's all from me. Thank you.